Tesi: "United States – History, Military – To 1900"

1

Ault, Jonathan Bennett. "Closing the Open Door Policy: American Diplomatic and Military Reactions to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625920.

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2

Lorscheider, Matthew Kilpinen. "Reinventing Long Beach| The fight for space and place in post -Cold War Long Beach, 1990-1999". California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

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3

Esposito, Karina Faria Garcia. "Naval Diplomacy and the Making of an Unwritten Alliance| United States-Brazilian Naval Relations, 1893-1930". Thesis, West Virginia University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10270031.

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This dissertation explores U.S.-Brazilian relations through the prism of naval diplomacy between 1893 and 1930. Broadly, this dissertation explains the growth of U.S. naval involvement in Brazil, emphasizing the motives of Brazilian and American policymakers, and the role of naval officers in strengthening bilateral relations. This study begins by examining the Brazilian Navy Revolt of 1893-94, contextualizing it within the formative years of the Brazilian Republic, while discussing U.S. naval intervention in the conflict. It then explores U.S.-Brazilian naval relations in the early twentieth century, explaining the growing association between the two countries’ navies after the turn of the century. That collaboration culminated in cooperation during World War I, and with the establishment of an American Navy Commission to teach at the Brazilian Naval War College. Finally, this dissertation explores the dynamics of the U.S. Navy Mission in Brazil during the first formative years after its establishment in 1922. Introducing naval diplomacy to the historiography of U.S.-South American relations illuminates the origins of American influence in Brazil, including the crucial role of Brazilians in pursuing closer ties, as well as the development of a U.S. policy focused on reducing European influence, promoting regional security, and increasing U.S. commercial power in the region.

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4

Morrison, Mark Joseph. ""PRACTICALLY IN THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES": THE 1ST REGIMENT, NATIONAL GUARD OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1903-1912". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/493676.

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Abstract (sommario):

History
M.A.
In the early twentieth century, reformers within the U.S. War Department attempted to create a more robust and formalized reserve system to augment the regular army. While many regular officers advocated a federalized reserve, they were opposed by members of the National Guard Association, who insisted that state troops remain the nation’s second line of defense. In 1903, Congress passed the Dick Act, which stipulated that militia and National Guard units would continue to serve as the primary reserve to the regular army. To ensure Guardsmen were up to the task, Congress also required that state units conform to the regular army’s organization, armament, and discipline. This thesis examines the changes facilitated by the Dick Act within Pennsylvania’s National Guard, by focusing specifically on a single unit- the 1st Regiment of Infantry. It begins by exploring failed efforts by federal and state officials to change the 1st Regiment by 1908. It then examines the effects of increased federal funding and oversight on the regiment after 1908, and how these factors led to changes in the way the unit trained. Annual reports from the Adjutant General of Pennsylvania and the Chief of the Division of Militia Affairs provided the majority of the information for this thesis. Contemporary periodicals and documents maintained in the First Regiment Infantry Museum also helped to shed light on the activities of the 1st Regiment between 1903 and 1912. This thesis concludes that by 1912 the 1st Regiment achieved relative parity with the regulars in terms of organization and equipment, the type of field training it conducted, and the type of training its officers attended.
Temple University--Theses

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5

Curzon, Daniel PM. "Pacific Triumvirate: Great Britain, the Empire of Japan, and the United States of America and the Geo-Strategic Environment around the Pacific Rim between 1900 and 1920". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588851779491778.

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6

Blanc, Floriane. "Entre méfiance et intérêts partagés : trois décennies d'assistance militaire des Etats-Unis au Chili, 1940-1970". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0512.

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Cette thèse se propose d'étudier le programme d'assistance militaire des États-Unis au Chili entre 1940 et 1970. Elle examine les différents rouages de sa mise en oeuvre entre la Seconde Guerre mondiale, durant laquelle se met en place l’esquisse des structures de coopération militaire multilatérales et bilatérales qui se développent ensuite pendant les premières années de la Guerre froide, et l'arrivée au pouvoir de Salvador Allende en 1970. A travers l'exemple chilien, il s'agit de mettre en lumière la volonté des Etats-Unis de standardiser, à l'échelle du continent, les doctrines, les pratiques, et les équipements selon le modèle promu par Washington. Est également examinée la question de la réception de cette influence par le Chili : dans quelle mesure ces transferts culturels sont-ils acceptés, rejetés, réappropriés dans les contextes nationaux, mis en concurrence avec ceux d'autres pays ? Enfin, pour rendre compte de la complexité des processus de décision, un accent particulier est mis sur les jeux d’acteurs à la fois au sein de la bureaucratie des départements impliqués dans la gestion du programme, et entre les protagonistes états-uniens et chiliens sur le terrain
This research examines the U.S. military assistance program in Chile from 1940 to 1970. It analyses its beginnings during the Second World War, and the development of multilateral and bilateral military structures from the the Cold War, up to the election of Salvador Allende in 1970. Through the Chilean example, it highlights the will of the United States to standardize, continent-wide, doctrines, practices, and equipment according to the model promoted by Washington. The question of the reception of this influence by Chile is also examined: to what extent are these cultural transfers accepted, rejected, re-appropriated in national contexts, put in competition with those of other countries? Finally, to account for the complexity of the decision-making process, special emphasis is placed on interactions between various players, both within the bureaucracy of the departments involved in the management of the program, and between the US and Chilean protagonists in the field

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7

Kim, Soo Nam. "The conduct of the Korean War, 1950-1953, with the emphasis on the civilian control over the military in the United States". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU009313.

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This is a case study to examine the practice of civil-military relations as evolved within the governmental organization of the United States in its conduct of the Korean War. It intends to analyse the civil-military relations from the point of view that the military is not an 'opponent' but a 'component' of the civil authority in a democratic society. In Introduction, the theory of civil-military relations and the aim of this research are briefed. Chapter one describes the historical background of American civil-military relations which influenced the conduct of the Korean War. Chapter two shows the process of decision-making to intervene in the war on the part of the U.S. Administration. In Chapter three, the theory of limited war is examined as well as the debates about it within the United States. Chapter four is a close examination of the development of the controversy between President Truman and General MacArthur in connection with Inchon landing operation, Formosa affair, Chinese intervention in the war, and MacArthur's insubordination. Chapter five examines the aftermath of MacArthur's dismissal which brought the loss of 'feedback function' within the U.S. military. Chapter six shows the process of the truce conference and ending of the war with the inauguration of the Eisenhower Administration. This research attempts to show that the problem during the war was not the usurpation of civil power by the military but the imbalance between the military objective and the means allowed to use.

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8

Smith, Jason W. "Controlling the Great Common: Hydrography, the Marine Environment, and the Culture of Nautical Charts in the United States Navy, 1838-1903". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/184299.

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History
Ph.D.
This dissertation uses hydrography as a lens to examine the way the United States Navy has understood, used, and defined the sea during the nineteenth century. It argues, broadly, that naval officers and the charts and texts they produced framed the sea as a commercial space for much of the nineteenth century, proceeding from a scientific ethos that held that the sea could be known, ordered, represented, and that it obeyed certain natural laws and rules. This was a powerful alternative to existing maritime understandings, in which mariners combined navigational science with folkloric ideas about how the sea worked. Hydrography proved an important aspect of the American maritime commercial predominance in the decades before the Civil War. By the end of the century, however, new strategic ideas, technologies, and the imperatives of empire caused naval officers and hydrographers to think about the sea in new ways. After the Spanish-American War of 1898, the Navy pursued hydrography with increased urgency, faced with defending the waters of a vast new oceanic empire. Surveys, charts, and the language of hydrography became central to the Navy's war planning and war gaming, to the strategic debate over where to establish naval bases, and, ultimately, it figured significantly in determining the geography of the American empire. Throughout, however, the sea continued to be a dynamic, powerful force in itself that flouted hydrographers' and naval officers' attempts to represent and control it. Charts and the cartographic process that produced them are full of meaning. By placing hydrography and the sea environment at the center of the narrative, historians can better understand the role of science, knowledge, and cartographic representations in expanding American commercial and naval power over the ocean.
Temple University--Theses

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9

Knight, Peter G. "“MacArthur’s Eyes”: reassessing military intelligence operations in the forgotten war, June 1950 - April 1951". The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1148503207.

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10

Bach, Morten. "None So Consistently Right: The American Legion's Cold War, 1945-1960". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1177536678.

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11

Yan, Ji Bao. "China's policies toward the Soviet Union and the United States before and in the Korean War". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3572.

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This thesis deals with China's policy making toward both the Soviet Union and the United States in late 1949 and early 1950 and how they made the decision to enter the conflict, by making use of recently declassified Chinese sources and available American sources.

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12

Gibby, Bryan Robert. "Fighting in a Korean War : the American advisory missions from 1946-1953 /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1086202227.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 342 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Allan R. Millett, Dept. of History. Includes bibliographical references (p. 333-342).

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13

Coode, Stephen L. "The American Expeditionary Forces in World War I: The Rock of the Marne". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1908.

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American participation in the First World War developed slowly throughout 1917 to a mighty torrent during the last six months of the war. United States participation undoubtedly helped not only repel but to stop all German assaults on the Western Front: it had substantially aided in defeating Imperial Germany. Through primary and secondary sources a timeline, as well as a few of the more significant events, has been established following the United States' involvement in the war. Special attention has been focused on the United States Third Infantry Division and its part in the July 15- 17, 1918 Second Battle of the Marne. The Third Infantry Division would see the war throughout its remaining battles and aid in the occupation of Germany. However, it is most famous for the Marne battle.

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14

Sager, John. "A weak link in the chain: The Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Truman-MacArthur controversy during the Korean War". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6058/.

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This work examines the actions of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the first year of the Korean War. Officially created in 1947, the Joint Chiefs saw their first true test as an institution during the conflict. At various times, the members of the JCS failed to issue direct orders to their subordinate, resulting in a divide between the wishes of President Truman and General MacArthur over the conduct of the war. By analyzing the interaction between the Joint Chiefs and General Douglas MacArthur, the flaws of both the individual Chiefs as well as the organization as a whole become apparent. The tactical and strategic decisions faced by the JCS are framed within the three main stages of the Korean War.

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15

Miller, Aaron Wilhelm. "Glorious Summer: A Cultural History of Nineteenth-Century Baseball, 1861-1920". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354309531.

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16

Schneider, Frederick W. (Frederick Walter) 1959. "Advising the ARVN: Lieutenant General Samuel T. Williams in Vietnam, 1955-1960". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504626/.

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Beginning in 1954, the United States Army attempted to build a viable armed force in South Vietnam. Until the early 1960s, other areas commanded more American attention, yet this formative period was influential in later United States involvement in Vietnam. This thesis examines United States advisory efforts from 1955 to 1960 by analyzing the tenure of Lieutenant General Samuel T. Williams as Chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group in South Vietnam. During Williams's tenure, the communist forces in the north began the guerrilla insurgency in earnest. Williams's failure to respond to this change has been justly criticized; yet his actions were reflective of the United States Army's attitude toward insurgencies in the late 1950s.

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17

Harvey, Matt. "Bread, Bullets, and Brotherhood: Masculine Ideologies in the Mid-Century Black Freedom Struggle, 1950-1975". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248506/.

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This thesis examines the ways that African Americans in the mid-twentieth century thought about and practiced masculinity. Important contemporary events such as the struggle for civil rights and the Vietnam War influenced the ways that black Americans sought not only to construct masculine identities, but to use these identities to achieve a higher social purpose. The thesis argues that while mainstream American society had specific prescriptions for how men should behave, black Americans were able to select which of these prescriptions they valued and wanted to pursue while simultaneously rejecting those that they found untenable. Masculinity in the mid-century was not based on one thing, but rather was an amalgamation of different ideals that black men (and women) sought to utilize to achieve communal goals of equality, opportunity, and family.

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18

Roberts, Mervyn Edwin III. "Let the Dogs Bark: The Psychological War in Vietnam, 1960-1968". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849646/.

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Between 1960 and 1968 the United States conducted intensive psychological operations (PSYOP) in Vietnam. To date, no comprehensive study of the psychological war there has been conducted. This dissertation fills that void, describing the development of American PSYOP forces and their employment in Vietnam. By looking at the complex interplay of American, North Vietnamese, National Liberation Front (NLF) and South Vietnamese propaganda programs, a deeper understanding of these activities and the larger war emerges. The time period covered is important because it comprises the initial introduction of American PSYOP advisory forces and the transition to active participation in the war. It also allows enough time to determine the long-term effects of both the North Vietnamese/NLF and American/South Vietnamese programs. Ending with the 1968 Tet Offensive is fitting because it marks both a major change in the war and the establishment of the 4th Psychological Operations Group to manage the American PSYOP effort. This dissertation challenges the argument that the Northern/Viet Cong program was much more effective that the opposing one. Contrary to common perceptions, the North Vietnamese propaganda increasingly fell on deaf ears in the south by 1968. This study also provides support for understanding the Tet Offensive as a desperate gamble born out of knowledge the tide of war favored the Allies by mid-1967. The trend was solidly towards the government and the NLF increasingly depended on violence to maintain control. The American PSYOP forces went to Vietnam with little knowledge of the history and culture of Vietnam or experience conducting psychological operations in a counterinsurgency. As this dissertation demonstrates, despite these drawbacks, they had considerable success in the period covered. Although facing an experienced enemy in the psychological war, the U.S. forces made great strides in advising, innovating techniques, and developing equipment. I rely extensively on untapped sources such as the Foreign Broadcast Information Service transcripts, Captured Document Exploitation Center files, and access to the U.S. Army Special Operations Command Archives. Additionally, I have digitized databases such as the Hamlet Evaluation System and Terrorist Incident Reporting System for Geographic Information System software analysis. The maps provide examples of the possibilities available to the historian using these datasets.

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19

Beugoms, Jean-Pierre. "THE LOGISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY, 1812–1821". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/598178.

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History
Ph.D.
ABSTRACT The acquisition and transportation of supplies for the U.S. Army proved to be the most intractable military problem of the War of 1812. Logistics became the bane of successive secretaries of war and field commanders, and of the soldiers who fought the British and Canadian troops, and their native allies. Historians have correctly ascribed the failure of American arms to achieve its principal war aim, the conquest of Canada, to the dysfunctional logistical and supply system. The suffering of soldiers who received subpar food and clothing, and experienced a shortage of weapons, ammunition, and fuel, moreover, are a staple of the historical literature on the war. Although this dissertation analyzes the causes and consequences of the breakdown in logistics, it also focuses on the lesser-known story of how the Corps of Quartermasters made logistics work under difficult conditions. It investigates how the military professionals within the officer corps drew lessons from their wartime travails and made common cause with reform-minded civilians in the hope of creating a better logistical system. Their combined efforts led to the postwar reform drive that gave the U.S. Army permanent supply departments, a comprehensive set of regulations, effective measures to enforce accountability, a new system for distributing food to the army, and a construction boom in military roads. Reformers also transformed the Quartermaster Corps to a greater degree than previously thought. Historians have long argued that the U.S. Army did not have a professionalized officer corps until the end of the nineteenth century. Recently, historians have considered the professional aspects of the antebellum officer corps. This dissertation argues that the origins of military professionalism can be traced back to the War of 1812. Army quartermasters, in particular, stood in the vanguard of military progress. Quartermaster General Thomas Sidney Jesup emphasized military expertise, education, and training far more than had his predecessors, and quartermasters typified the growing commitment of army officers to a lifetime of service to the nation. Jesup envisioned that his department would become an elite staff of military logisticians. He also wanted that peacetime staff to be large enough to support an army at war. He opposed the practice of appointing businessmen to fill quartermaster vacancies during a war, believing that these men did not have the basic competencies to perform their tasks well. In fact, the performance of civil appointees and career officers improved over the course of the war and a few even proposed logistical reforms that the army would later adopt. The War of 1812 not only provided the catalyst for the postwar reform of logistics and the onset of a professional ethic among quartermasters, but the process of professionalizing logistics actually began during the war. This study’s main findings draw on the private and official correspondence of army officers and secretaries of war, which reside in published government documents and manuscript collections housed in the National Archives, Library of Congress, and various universities and historical societies. Army registers, college registers, local histories, genealogies, and officers’ letters facilitated the reconstruction of quartermasters’ careers.
Temple University--Theses

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20

Capobianco, Rebecca. "Contesting Identity and Citizenship in National Parks, 1900-1935". W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639573.

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“In the Bosom of the Storied Blue Ridge Mountains:” Contesting the Future of American Culture in Shenandoah National Park, 1924-1936 In the early 20th century, as the National Park Service gained traction, legislators in the east pushed to preserve large tracts of land in the “western” mind. Yet the forces that converged in the early twentieth century to produce the National Park movement and to envision what those parks should be were more complicated than Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson’s presidencies imply. Theoretically parks for “the people,” National Park locations, resources, and regulations were often governed by the social and economic elite. In the case of eastern parks like Shenandoah, the government acquired land through land condemnation acts, often at the expense of rural and lower income communities. Efforts at Shenandoah, while drastic, illustrate how the creation of National Parks sought not only to preserve land, but also to craft and constitute a particular vision of American culture. Justified as places where the American public could go to enjoy health and continued prosperity, these places simultaneously offered lessons in what it should and should not mean to be an American. In their rejection of mountain culture in Shenandoah, the federal government defined America’s past, present, and future as a place of supposed national growth, consumer culture, and economic advancement. “The Yorktown Problem”: Constructing a Cultural Landscape, 1900-1935 The history of the Uniontown community and Yorktown National Battlefield demonstrates that sites of memory are always contested, and that meaning is not only inscribed through formal means, such as interpretive signs or government-sponsored events, but is also appropriated and generated through cultural uses of sites of memory. Moreover, the founding of Yorktown National Battlefield reveals that the reconciliationist narrative of erasure applied to Civil War memory does not always hold. Park administrators made decisions for pragmatic, though not unproblematic, reasons, guided by their understanding of what makes history and what is significant in history. Taken collectively, the story of Yorktown and Uniontown demonstrates that the history and goals of national spaces must continually be interrogated and revised to ask what has been expunged, and what needs to be uncovered again to generate a more inclusive understanding of the past.

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21

Lévesque, Luc. "Les multicides sériels aux États-Unis de 1900 à 1994". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9972.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cette these se veut de proposer une alternative aux differentes explications psychologiques qui existent entourant les multicides seriels aux Etats-Unis. Pour ce faire, nous avons opte pour une demarche empirique ou la cueillette de donnees est effectuee par une revue de la litterature. Nous avons opte pour l'approche du conflit-social (marxiste-feministe) qui tient compte des inegalites existant entre les sexes, les races et les classes sociales au sein de la societe americaine et de la domination qui les sous-tendent. Sous cette optique, cela permet de recreer une vue d'ensemble du phenomene plutot que de ne s'attarder que sur l'une de ses composantes. Pour les fins de cette recherche nous avons inclue sept categories: soit femme; enfant; homosexuel; "race"; economique; famille et personne a charge. Elles correspondent a la typologie des victimes orchestree dans une perspective du conflit social. Nous terminons par l'elaboration d'hypotheses qui stipulent que les multicides seriels seraient une des formes d'abus de pouvoir que les hommes blancs et heterosexuels pratiqueraient afin de raffermir leur domination systemique.

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22

Duke, Simon. "United States defence bases in the United Kingdom". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5f7987f7-8286-48b0-9595-d60413ef6fc6.

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The main concerns of the study, covering the years 1945-84, are arrangements that have been made for the use of military bases in the United Kingdom by United States forces. The subject is examined within a chronological framework. The development of the United States military presence is traced, from the earliest Joint Chiefs of Staff plans in 1945 and the Spaatz- Tedder agreement in 1946, which gave the United States permission to deploy certain forces in the United Kingdom in time of emergency. The 1948 Berlin Crisis led to the arrival of bombers in East Anglia which was the first major post-war deployment of United States forces to Britain. It was stated that it would be for a period of temporary duty. In fact the bases have remained from that day to this, though their number and types have varied over time. The Korean War proved to be the next major turning point. It increased demands upon the Attlee government for an agreement defining the conditions of use of United States bases in the United Kingdom. The subsequent Truman- Attlee, and later Truman-Churchill, meetings resulted in the key phrase: the use of bases would be 'a matter for joint decision ... in the light of circumstances prevailing at the time.' Different interpretations have been placed on these words at different times. The years 1950-57 saw a consolidation of the United States military presence, with Britain's importance as an intelligence base also growing. The dawning of the missile age symbolised by the first Soviet earth satellite in 1957, the agreement in the same year to deploy Thor missiles, and the deployment of Polaris to Holy Loch in 1960, raised questions regarding the adequacy of the earlier agreements on the conditions of use. This factor, alongside the development of a distinct European identity of which Britain has become a part, has led to a questioning of American hegemony within NATO. The arrival of cruise missiles in 1983 gave added urgency to the debate. Whilst it may be generally recognized that the bases make a substantial contribution to the United Kingdom's defences, the need for clarification of the uses to which the bases can be put by United States forces remains.

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23

Komski, Elizabeth A. "Fashion's Foes: Dress Reform from 1850-1900". W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626325.

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24

Ravitz, Ben. "A spatiotemporal analysis of Army base distributions in the contiguous United States from 1800 to 1900". The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12122007-143329/.

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Abstract (sommario):

The cartographic exploration of US Army fort and personnel variation in the contiguous United States has been well developed in the past, but not nearly enough to capture the essence of this interesting historical geography. In order to address this shortcoming in the geographical literature it was necessary to establish some rational points of reference to compare fort and personnel attributes of significant timeframes from 1800 to 1900. More specifically, once the distributional patterns were revealed, they were compared by using center of population, geographic means, point pattern analyses, base age, population, and historical backgrounds to definitively classify each periods Army fort attributes and to illustrate their distributional trends. The central results indicated that the distances between military presence and the US population during the one-hundred years were variable, but closely related to the social, political, and military atmospheres of those times. Furthermore, the trends discovered concerning the collective establishment of forts on the landscape show that base construction, during many periods, coincided strongly with well known concepts in US history: westward expansion, Indian Wars, and international conflict. Using the stated metrics for understanding the establishment trajectories over time, one can identify some concrete geographical relationships between not only Army bases and personnel, but also the US population as a result of this research. Since the literature regarding Army bases and personnel in the past has focused predominately upon emphasizing the historical or qualitative aspects of this topic, this research likely introduces an appealing, yet needed, spatiotemporal perspective on the historical geography of these forts in the contiguous United States.

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25

Ferentinos, Susan Maria. "An unpredictable age sex, consumption, and the emergence of the American teenager, 1900-1950 /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3204295.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0306. Adviser: Wendy Gamber. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Dec. 13, 2006)."

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26

Mayer, Holly A. "Belonging to the army: Camp followers and the military community during the American Revolution". W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623793.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Continental Army was the cause and the core of a military community made up of both army personnel and camp followers, who together and separately affected the military mission. The dissertation focuses primarily on the civilian, as opposed to the military, members of the "Continental Community." Fitting within the broad context of social history, it is also a part of the new military history.;Books and articles on armies have typically dealt with the military structure, the campaigns and battles, and the exploits of uniformed heroes or traitors. Those accounts provide merely the background here. In this dissertation, the military community is illuminated. It includes the prostitutes that most people immediately think of when they hear the term "camp follower," but, as American soldiers were too infrequently and poorly paid to support a large retinue of such followers, they are only a very small part of this work. Actually, the spotlight shines on those persons specified in Article 23, Section XIII of the 1776 Articles of War: "All sutlers and retainers to a camp, and all persons whatsoever serving with the armies of the United States, ... " The dissertation examines the sutlers and other merchants who supplied the encampments, the family members, servants, and volunteers who fell under the heading of retainers to a camp, and the other civilians who served with the army in various capacities. It is this very broad definition of camp follower that makes the topic unique.;This dissertation shows that camp followers engaged in numerous tasks to support the army. Men entered the camps to sell goods and services (from soap and liquor to dancing lessons), or busied themselves in the Quartermaster and Commissary Departments. Women cooked, cleaned, sewed, nursed, and sometimes engaged in espionage. African-Americans served not only their individual masters, but the army as well in jobs as diverse as courier duty and ditch-digging.

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27

Redstone, Victoria. "Design analysis of the American residential garage, 1900-1940". Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260632.

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Abstract (sommario):

Research on the American residential garage from 1900 to 1940 has demonstrated that the following factors impacted garage design: the practical demands of the automobile, architectural styles, placement on a lot, and the socio-economic status of the garage builder. The shape and function of garages were dictated by the maintenance requirements of automobiles and the fire hazards associated with early cars. Architectural styles affected garage design by influencing the materials, roof shapes, and door designs of a given garage. These effects were more evident in garages designed to match an individual house. Catalog garages were shaped by current architectural styles, but these garages were simpler in order to be compatible with a wide range of house styles. Garage placement affected several aspects of garage design including amenities such as electricity and plumbing. Placement was also determined by external factors such as lot size and local zoning regulations. The socio-economic status of a homeowner molded a garage's appearance significantly. Economic considerations impacted garage design by resulting in anything from a simple wooden box with a roof to a two-story brick garage with an apartment.
Department of Architecture

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28

Finan, Barbara. ""In South Barre, we're all Americans|" An immigrant mill village becomes Americanized, 1900-1950". Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3581196.

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South Barre was a model mill village designed by Francis C. Willey, a multinational entrepreneur from "Worstedopolis," the woolen capital of the world in Bradford, England. The site for South Barre had the resources of clear water for scouring wool fleece, and railroad connections to Boston for raw materials and the product, worsted tops, to customers in nearby Lawrence, Massachusetts and Woonsocket, Rhode Island. Willey recruited skilled workers from Bradford, and unskilled laborers came from southern and eastern Europe. The company-controlled housing in the village was divided into sections by language groups: English, Italian, Lithuanian, and Polish. Living under segregated housing and labor market segmentation, workers responded to the company's paternalism collectively by union activity and individually by home and business ownership and by advancing the education of their children. Using a variety of sources – public documents, biographies, interviews and World War II letters – this research covers the first half of the twentieth century through the upheavals of two world wars, the depths of the Great Depression and the rise of union influence in the New Deal, and culminates in the infectious patriotism of World War II and the post-war prosperity. This investigation follows immigrant families front their initial entry into the Barre Wool through to the third generation. The term Americanization is employed in both senses: in fact, by birth or naturalization, and by desire, as the immigrants perceived what it meant to be "American." This study moves beyond the reductive dichotomies of assimilation and cultural pluralism, and found that individual immigrants, their children and their grandchildren, demonstrated multiple identities, expressed within the context of the prevailing times.

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29

Wacks, Rachel Elise. ""Don't Strip-Tease for Anopheles"| A history of malaria protocols during World War II*". Thesis, The Florida State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1539280.

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This study focuses on the American anti-malaria campaign beginning in 1939. Despite the seemingly endless scholarship on World War II in the past seventy years, little has been written on the malaria epidemic on Guadalcanal. Through extensive archival research, the breadth of the anti-malaria campaign throughout the Pacific is explored as a positive side effect of the malaria epidemic on Guadalcanal in 1942-1943. While most scholars of the Pacific war mention the devastating effects of malaria during the battle for Guadalcanal, few have examined the malaria protocols. Through intensified atabrine discipline, bed nets, mosquito repellant, and an intense cultural war against malaria, the United States military won the war against the anopheles mosquito. Moreover, research and development in the years leading up to war fundamentally changed the way large-scale scientific and medical research is conducted in the United States, including the establishment of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

*1 Color Poster No. 44-PA-686; “Don’t Strip-Tease for Anopheles,” Records of the Office of Government Reports, 1932-1947, Record Group 44; National Archives at College Park, College Park, MD.

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30

Jones, Gregory R. "They Fought the War Together| Southeastern Ohio's Soldiers and Their Families During the Civil War". Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618882.

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Abstract (sommario):

Soldiers from southeastern Ohio and their families fought the Civil War (1861–1865) in a reciprocal relationship, sustaining one another throughout the course of the conflict. The soldiers needed support from their families at home. The families, likewise, relied upon the constant contact via letters for assurance that the soldiers were surviving and doing well in the ranks. This dissertation qualitatively examines the correspondence between soldiers and their families in southeastern Ohio, developing six major themes of analysis including early war patriotism, war at the front, war at home, political unrest at home, common religion, and the shared cost of the war. The source base for the project included over one thousand letters and over two hundred and fifty newspaper articles, all of which contribute to a sense of the mood of southeastern Ohioans as they struggled to fight the war together. The conclusions of the dissertation show that soldiers and their families developed a cooperative relationship throughout the war. This dissertation helps to provide a corrective to the overly romantic perspective on the Civil War that it was fought between divided families. Rather, Civil War soldiers and their families fought the war in shared suffering and in support of one another.

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31

Corlett, David Michael. "Steadfast in their ways: New England colonists, Indian wars, and the persistence of culture, 1675-1715". W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623344.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Indian wars of early New England were traumatic events. During King Philip's, King William's, and Queen Anne's Wars (1675 to 1715) dozens of towns sustained attacks, and English communities and their inhabitants were buffeted and challenged by the experience. The scholarship on colonial warfare and New England as a whole has focused on change and development that occurred as a result of these wars. War places great stress on individuals and societies, forcing them to act in new ways and often to reevaluate and abandon old habits. New Englanders and their communities did change dramatically as a result of repeated wars with the region's natives and their French allies. Yet New Englanders were also resistant to change, and this persistence of core culture ideals is often as historians analyze the transformation of New England from colonies to provinces.;Beyond the extensive physical damage, the conflicts challenged the identities and values of English colonists in myriad ways. In the midst of battle, many men failed to live up to the expectations of their gender, while some women stepped beyond theirs to act in a manly fashion. Despite the troubling behavior of cowardly men and manly women, gender norms and roles in New England did not change under the pressures of Indian wars, in part due to the uncoordinated management by ecclesiastical and political leaders of the narratives of the conflicts. Alternately chastising and praising their constituents, leaders offered examples of "proper" behavior, reasserted control over "amazons" and "viragos," and created larger-than-life heroes.;Indian raids forced hundreds of English settlers from their homes, putting great stress on towns and colonies and creating the dilemma of either aiding refugees (and abandoning the traditional insular nature of towns) or excluding and expelling them (failing John Winthrop's exhortation to bind together). Historians argue that traditional aid through family and towns was incapable of meeting the demand. Instead, New England's governments responded by relieving towns of this responsibility. However, this aid was actually limited and narrowly directed. Towns remained exclusive, gathering in those they were obliged to aid through familial or proprietary connections and allowing outsiders to remain only conditionally. Following the natural hierarchy of their community, refugees sought to support themselves before turning to family and friends, and sought town and colony aid only when traditional sources were exhausted.;Finally, in the midst of Indian wars, New Englanders often had to "dispose of" captured Indians. Having suffered grievously in the wars, New Englanders might have abandoned the law (albeit English law for Englishmen) and exacted revenge. Many prisoners suffered vigilante justice, and others faced servitude or public execution after a formal trial. New Englanders are rightly criticized for their actions, but while the colonists' treatment of prisoners was "uncivil" by modern standards, when viewed through the context of the time, New England's leaders tempered the "rage of the people," and the colonies remained within bounds of tradition and law.;New Englanders resisted changes to the core cultural ideas and institutions of patriarchy, localized community, and morality based in English law. Though these notions of gender, community, and morality were battered by war, they survived and remained central to New England identity.

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32

Holloway, Anna Gibson. "Ironclad Revolution: The History, Discovery and Recovery of the USS Monitor". W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623591.

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Abstract (sommario):

On the afternoon of March 8, 1862, the Confederate ironclad ram Virginia, built upon the burned-out hulk of the steam screw frigate Merrimack, crawled slowly into Hampton Roads to challenge the Union blockade of the Confederate coastline. Before nightfall, the Virginia had wreaked havoc upon the Union blockading fleet: the USS Cumberland lay at the bottom of the Roads, her flags still defiantly flying while the surrendered USS Congress blazed ominously in the harbor until exploding spectacularly in the early morning hours of March 9.;The USS Monitor---a vessel of a radical new design and completely untried in battle---arrived too late to make a difference on the 8th, but met the Virginia on the morning of the 9th in a contest that signaled the first time ironclad had met ironclad in combat. While their four-and-a-half-hour battle ended in a draw, it changed much of the future course of naval warfare. Within days of the engagement, navies around the world were declaring an end to wooden construction and moving forward with their own ironclad building programs--many of which predated both the Monitor and the Virginia. Furthermore, the Monitor's rotating gun turret design freed vessels from the strictures of broadside tactics by allowing the guns, rather than the entire vessel, to be turned, and ushered in a new element of battleship design.;Neither the Virginia nor the Monitor lived out that year, however. The Virginia was destroyed in May of 1862 by her own crew to keep her from enemy hands, while the Monitor succumbed to a nor'easter on New Year's Eve off the coast of Cape Hatteras.;Discovered in 1973, the Monitor was designated a National Marine Sanctuary in 1975 under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Since 1987, The Mariners' Museum in Newport News, VA has served as the principal repository for artifacts recovered from the wrecksite and is currently conserving over 210 tons of the Union ironclad in the Batten Conservation Complex.;This dissertation serves as the text for the catalogue of the award-winning exhibition, Ironclad Revolution, which opened at The Mariners' Museum in 2007. The author serves as curator of the USS Monitor Center. Drawing from artwork, archival material and the recovered artifacts themselves, this work seeks to tell the full story of the Monitor: her history, discovery, recovery, and conservation.

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33

niDonnell, Christianne. "The Unkindest Cut: The Decision to Withhold I Corps from the Peninsula Campaign, 1862". W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625628.

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34

Hirschfeld, Fritz. "Smallpox, the Continental Army, and General Washington". W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625695.

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35

Michael, Eric P. "Honor: The Cement of a Tennessee Brigade". W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625835.

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36

Dildy, David Scott. "North Carolina Revolutionaries in Arms: The Battle of King's Mountain". W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626131.

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37

Owen, Margaret Elizabeth. "Guarding the Other Frontier: The Virginia State Navy and its Men, 1775-1783". W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626603.

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38

Hussey, Patrick John. "Honor from the Trenches: Why Confederate Soldiers Fought at Petersburg". W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626732.

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39

Ward, David Lawrence. "The Continental Army: Leadership School of the Early Republic". W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626802.

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40

Hall, Cosby Williams. "French and Hessian Impressions: Foreign Soldiers' Views of America during the Revolution". W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626414.

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41

Sawyer, Monique Ernestine. "Historical Settlements in Sarpy County, Nebraska, 1803-1900". W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625337.

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42

Boland, Wiley Newman. "Semper educare : the history of Marine Corps general education, 1973-1992 /". Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222007-091404/.

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43

Coloma, Roland Sintos. "Empire and education: Filipino schooling under United States rule, 1900-1910". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1086209087.

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44

Medrano, Marlene. "Regulating sexuality on the Mexican border Ciudad Juarez, 1900-1960 /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378371.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2009.
Title from home page (viewed on Jul 7, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: A, page: 4009. Adviser: Peter F. Guardino.

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45

Denault, Susan Ann. "Mt Greylock: The Years Before Protection 1760-1900". W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625577.

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46

Lawrence, Greta. "The United States and the concentration camp trials at Dachau, 1945-1947". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286027.

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Abstract (sommario):

After much debate during the war years over how best to respond to Nazi criminality, the United States embarked on an ambitious postwar trial program in occupied Germany, which consisted of three distinct trial sets: the International Military Trial at Nuremburg, the Nuremberg Military Tribunals, and military trials held at the former concentration camp at Dachau. Within the Dachau military tribunal programme, were the concentration camp trials in which personnel from the Dachau, Mauthausen, Buchenwald, Flossenbürg, and Dora-Mittelbau concentration camps were arraigned. These concentration camp trials at Dachau represented the principal attempt by the United States to punish Nazi crimes committed at the concentration camps liberated by the Americans. The prosecutors at Dachau tried 1,045 defendants accused of committing violations of the 'laws of war' as understood through 'customary' international and American military practice. The strain of using traditional military law to prosecute the unprecedented crimes in the Nazi concentration camps was exposed throughout the trials. To meet this challenge, the Dachau concentration camp courts included an inventive legal concept: the use of a 'criminal-conspiracy' charge-in effect arraigning defendants for participating the 'common design' of the concentration camp, 'a criminal organization'. American lawmakers had spent a good deal of time focused on the problem of how to begin the trials (What charges? What courts? Which defendants?) and very little time planning for the aftermath of the trials. Thus, by 1947 and 1948, in the face of growing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, the major problem with the Dachau trials was revealed -the lack of long term plans for the appellate process for those convicted. After two scandals that captured the press and the public's attention, the United States Congress held two official investigations of the entire Dachau tribunal programme. Although the resulting reviews, while critical of the Army's clemency process, were largely positive about the trials themselves, the Dachau trials faded from public memory.

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47

Duncan-Ponvert, Annie. "The Stories of Eleven Who Served in World War II from Lewisburg, Kentucky". TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/548.

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Abstract (sommario):

This thesis is a narrative of eleven World War II veterans from a small, rural southern town, Lewisburg, Kentucky. It is a brief description of the development of Lewisburg and of one family in particular, the Richardsons. The thesis follows the lives of the G.I.s from their youths, through their military careers, their lives after the war and their eventual return to Logan County. Primarily, most of the material is taken from oral taped interviews. Heretofore, none of these experiences have been recorded. Actions of valor and courage are preserved in the plain, unadorned stories of the veterans. This thesis reflects the impact of World War II on Lewisburg and on the lives of those interviewed. It also reflects how their early lives prepared them for the rigors of the war and of their eventual return to their roots, to Logan County.

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48

McGlashan, John William. "Alfred Thayer Mahan and the Making of the Superior Other". W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626591.

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49

Williams, J. Barrie. "Re-Education of German Prisoners of War in the United States during World War II". W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625841.

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50

Seelinger, Matthew J. "Breaking ranks : veterans' opposition to universal military training, 1943-1948". Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1033637.

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Abstract (sommario):

From the colonial period to the present, Americans have debated the role of the military and its place in American society. One important part of this debate is the issue of compulsory military service and whether it is consistent with the ideals of a democratic state. Although Americans have generally accepted compulsory service in times of national emergency, they have often expressed great reservations to it in times of peace. In their view, compulsory military service raises fundamental questions about the responsibilities of citizens to the state.Following World War II, proponents of compulsory military service campaigned for implementation of Universal Military Training (UMT) as a method of insuring manpower for a potential national emergency. By stressing the universal aspect of the program, supporters hoped to demonstrate the democratic qualities of UMT and its compatibility with traditional American ideals. Ultimately, however, they were unable to convince Congress and the general public of the program's merits. Some opposed the program because of its questionable military value in the atomic age. Many others voiced their disapproval of UMT largely because of a longstanding American sentiment against peacetime compulsory service. As a result, UMT was never implemented.This thesis will explore a neglected aspect of the UMT debate and examine the opposition of veterans to UMT. Veterans generally, and veterans organizations in particular, have traditionally advocated military preparedness. Not surprisingly, the American Legion was the primary nongovernmental organization to spearhead the effort to adopt UMT. Yet significant opposition to UMT existed even within the Legion's ranks. Similarly, the American Veterans Committee (AVC), a newly formed organization comprised of World War II veterans, announced its opposition to military training. With uncertain support from a segment of American society that would normally be expected to back preparedness programs, the government's plan for military training had little chance for adoption. With the resumption of selective service in 1948, the importance of UMT to U.S. military policy greatly diminished, and UMT virtually disappeared from the political forefront.Through the use of archival sources at the American Legion National Headquarters, the records of the American Veterans Committee, congressional testimony by representatives of both organizations, and various secondary sources, this thesis demonstrates that some veterans, like many Americans, viewed peacetime compulsory military service with great ambivalence and not an obligation of citizenship in a democratic state.
Department of History

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Tesi sul tema "United States – History, Military – To 1900"

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