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1
Hou, Longfei, Dan Wang, Bingxuan Du, Xinmin Qian e Mengqi Yuan. "Gas concentration detection via multi-channeled air sampling method". Sensor Review 37, n. 2 (20 marzo 2017): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2016-0266.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new technique for monitoring gas leakage in underground pipelines to prevent dangerous explosions. Design/methodology/approach A novel system for monitoring methane concentration in underground spaces was developed by integrating the multi-channeled air sampling method with an infrared gas sensor. A pipe installation methodology (without excavation) was established and verified accordingly. Findings The proposed approach was proven successful in reducing the quantity of sensors needed for real-time monitoring of underground pipeline leakage by about 80 per cent. Furthermore, this system lowers total operational cost by as much as 60 per cent. Originality/value The results presented here represent a possible solution to reducing the public safety risks associated with explosions and fires caused by pipeline leakage in underground spaces. Its total cost is low and its monitoring efficiency is high.
2
Wang, Qiang, Tao Cheng, Yijun Lu, Haichuan Liu, Runhua Zhang e Jiandong Huang. "Underground Mine Safety and Health: A Hybrid MEREC–CoCoSo System for the Selection of Best Sensor". Sensors 24, n. 4 (17 febbraio 2024): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041285.
Abstract (sommario):
This research addresses the paramount issue of enhancing safety and health conditions in underground mines through the selection of optimal sensor technologies. A novel hybrid MEREC-CoCoSo system is proposed, integrating the strengths of the MEREC (Method for Eliciting Relative Weights) and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) methods. The study involves a three-stage framework: criteria and sensor discernment, criteria weight determination using MEREC, and sensor prioritization through the MEREC-CoCoSo framework. Fifteen criteria and ten sensors were identified, and a comprehensive analysis, including MEREC-based weight determination, led to the prioritization of “Ease of Installation” as the most critical criterion. Proximity sensors were identified as the optimal choice, followed by biometric sensors, gas sensors, and temperature and humidity sensors. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed MEREC-CoCoSo model, a rigorous comparison was conducted with established methods, including VIKOR, TOPSIS, TODIM, ELECTRE, COPRAS, EDAS, and TRUST. The comparison encompassed relevant metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, providing a comprehensive understanding of the proposed model’s performance in relation to other established methodologies. The outcomes of this comparative analysis consistently demonstrated the superiority of the MEREC-CoCoSo model in accurately selecting the best sensor for ensuring safety and health in underground mining. Notably, the proposed model exhibited higher accuracy rates, increased sensitivity, and improved specificity compared to alternative methods. These results affirm the robustness and reliability of the MEREC-CoCoSo model, establishing it as a state-of-the-art decision-making framework for sensor selection in underground mine safety. The inclusion of these actual results enhances the clarity and credibility of our research, providing valuable insights into the superior performance of the proposed model compared to existing methodologies. The main objective of this research is to develop a robust decision-making framework for optimal sensor selection in underground mines, with a focus on enhancing safety and health conditions. The study seeks to identify and prioritize critical criteria for sensor selection in the context of underground mine safety. The research strives to contribute to the mining industry by offering a structured and effective approach to sensor selection, prioritizing safety and health in underground mining operations.
3
Reddy, Vijaya Bhasker, Bhumisha Chouhan, Abhishek, Mahadev Bhosle, Chandra Shekar, T. Santhosh Kumar e Vinod Balmiki. "A Low-Cost Underground Mining and Miners Monitoring System Using Internet of Things". E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001166.
Abstract (sommario):
The safety of mine workers is a serious worry nowadays. the miners construct underground rooms to facilitate the minerals to be taken out of the mine at work in, which requires greater output and a larger workforce. In underground mining work locations, 2753 injuries were reported as non-fatal lost- time, resulting in 190,005 lost workdays. The main aim of this proposed system is to save workers from sudden falling and detect the toxic gases present in the mining area. Using the IOT technology, we created a system with different types of sensors to solve these issues. We used flame sensor, temperature and humidity sensor and Gas sensor, to detect the toxic gas environment inside the mining and detect the fire burst inside mining in the first module. Accelerometer sensor is used to detect the falling of the worker and the pulse sensor is used to detect the heartbeat of the worker in the second module. We have created the two modules where one module is for miners monitoring and another is for mining monitoring All these sensors are integrated with the NodeMCU. All the obtained data is sent to thingspeak cloud and if any abnormality is detected we will receive a notification through email using alert API.
4
Ma, Feng Ying. "Optimal Sensor Placement Based on Simulation of Gas Distribution in Underground Heading Face". Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (agosto 2012): 1788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1788.
Abstract (sommario):
The gas sensor is significant for coalmine production safety. In order to carry out optimal gas sensor placement in heading face, the software named Fluent was used to simulate underground gas distribution. Geometry model was established and divided by grids. Gas distribution in heading face was simulated using RNG k-ε model by Fluent according to conversation equation in turbulent state, turbulent kinetic energy equation and turbulent dissipation rate equation. The results show that gas is likely to accumulate in the upper corner, when wind passes through the corner after washing heading face, wind velocity is unstable, the performance of sensor placed in inner side of turning is different from that placed in outer side of turning. Distance of gas sensor to heading face should be no more than 10m which accords with the mine safety regulations well. The result shows that gas can be monitored effectively by applying this method which has an important value and instructive significance.
5
Kalsi, Harjinderpal Singh. "To Monitor Real-time Temperature and Gas in an Underground Mine Wireless on an Android Mobile". Scientific Temper 13, n. 02 (12 dicembre 2022): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2022.13.2.02.
Abstract (sommario):
In an underground mine there are temperature variations as well as toxic gases are releasedwhich cause potential hazards for mine workers. Hence it is necessary to monitor and assessthese parameters well in advance for the safety of mine workers. This research paper discussesthe concept of real-time monitoring and assessing temperature and toxic gases which arereleased from underground mines. Methane (CH4) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) are the mostprominent gases released in a typical underground mine. For precise detection of temperaturevariations and ppm values of gases; sensors can be used. This research work is an effort todevelop an instrumentation system built around PIC Microcontroller using Quartz Sensor/ Crystal, for precise detection of temperature variations as well as Gas sensors for precisedetection of Methane (CH4) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Individual gas sensors are used todetect these gases, their corresponding ppm values are also measured. The temperature valuebeing measured as well as the ppm values of these toxic gases are then transmitted wirelessthrough an WIFI module and displayed on an Android mobile.
6
Firmansyah, Firmansyah, e Darius Agung Prata. "DESIGN OF LABORATORY SCALE REAL-TIME MONITORING SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND MINING USING WIRELESS NETWORK". Cyberspace: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi 6, n. 1 (31 marzo 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/cj.v6i1.12997.
Abstract (sommario):
Underground mining is one of the mining systems that has a high potential risk of work accidents. One of the potential dangers is the emergence of gasses that can cause disruption of the respiratory system in humans. To minimize this risk, it is necessary to periodically monitor the gas that appears in the work area. This study aims to design a laboratory environmental monitoring system for underground mining using Arduino Uno as a controller that uses sensors of temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wind speed. Sensor data is sent wirelessly to the main monitoring system with point to point topology. The design of the software is carried out as a place to store data from the sensor which is then displayed in a monitoring information system in real time. From the results of system testing, sensor data is taken in a span of 1 second which is generated by a system with an accuracy rate of 99.9%. Overall, the system can be used properly to real monitor the environmental quality of underground mines.
7
Hong, Mei. "Key Technology of Electronic Nose Gas Recognizer Based on Wireless Sensor Networks". International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, n. 10 (26 ottobre 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i10.9304.
Abstract (sommario):
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Electronic nose gas recognizer is a kind of instrument simulating biological olfactory function for gas detection, which is widely applied in underground construction, aerospace, medical treatment and other fields. The sensing mechanism of the wireless sensor is complex. The wireless sensor array can realize the cross-response of the mixed gas, as well as data acquisition, processing and transmission by wireless transmission. This study applies the wireless sensor array to the electronic nose gas recognition technology, and conducts detection and recognition of three kinds of volatile gas, as well as analyzes the transient response of four wireless sensors and the transient response of wireless sensor array. It is found that the transient response curves are related to the characteristics and sample properties of wireless sensors, but not directly related to sample components. The whole transient response process includes four processes, namely steady state, rising process, maximum response and falling process. The response curve change of wireless sensor array to engine oil volatile gas is similar to that of diesel oil, but the conductance value is smaller than that of diesel oil gas response curve.</span>
8
Krupanek, Beata. "Dynamic Error Correction of Methane Sensor". International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 60, n. 4 (23 dicembre 2014): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2014-0037.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Coal mine methane is a term given to the methane gas produced or emitted in association with coal mining activities either from the coal seam itself or from other gassy formations underground. The primary reason for measuring methane is to improve the safety of the mines. In recent years, there have been many fatalities in underground coal mine explosions in which methane was a contributing factor. The rapid detection of methane is very important from the point of view of safety of mine workers. This paper presents a concept of fast methane detection by reconstituting its concentration in dynamic states.
9
Khattar, Prerna. "A Smart Helmet for Secure Monitoring of Miner Data to Improve Safety". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 4 (30 aprile 2022): 2812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41393.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: In recent times, mining has been a dangerous activity taking a severe toll on the lives of miners. Underground mining hazards include gas poisoning, suffocation, roof collapse, and gas explosion. This project aims to develop a smart helmet based on Zigbee wireless technology to build wireless sensor networks for real-time surveillance and monitoring hazardous gases and abnormal levels of temperature and humidity in the mine. These three parameters are continuously being detected using the gas sensor(s), temperature and humidity sensor, and if the predefined limit is crossed, a buzzer and LED will be initiated. Two infrared sensors, one inside and one on the surface of the helmet, are placed to check if the helmet is properly placed and to detect collision from falling debris, respectively. These values are continuously being transmitted to the control room for monitoring. In case of any hazardous situation, the led and buzzer are activated in the control room as well as on the miner’s helmet. The helmet is powered by the energy generated from piezoelectric sensors placed in the miner’s shoes, which work on the principle of vibration detected from the miner’s movement. The safety measures included in our project can drastically help us avoid mining accidents and thus saving invaluable lives. Keywords: Smart helmet, Zigbee Technology, Gas sensor, Temperature and Humidity sensor, Infrared Sensor, Coal mines, Safety
10
Long, Yue Hong. "Design of Underground Gas Concentration and Humidity Monitoring System Based on RS-485". Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (luglio 2014): 2962–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2962.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to achieve long distance monitoring of gas concentration and humidity underground coal mine,a new monitor of gas concentration and humidity,which contains upper computer,master station and a lot of monitoring points,is designed.Every monitoring point is consisted of gas concentration sensor MJC4/3.0L and humidity sensor HS1101,which is used to conveys the data to master station by RS-485,again by RS-485 transmitted to the upper computer and it realizes the real-time monitoring of gas concentration and humidity undereground coal mine.
11
Gu, Bao Hu, e Ze Fa Fang. "Research on the Optical Fiber Gas Sensing System Based on the Gas Concentration Measurement". Advanced Materials Research 529 (giugno 2012): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.487.
Abstract (sommario):
At present , the catalytic combustion type gas sensors is still used in our country which is the extensive use of underground coal mine gas detection instrument , this kind of sensor slow response, calibration cycle is short, and the apparatus for the selectivity of methane is poor. Thus it can be seen that develop a safe and reliable, selective, high sensitivity of gas concentration measurement system that for mine safety operation, the personal safety and environment protection has a very important social significance and economic significance. Optical fiber sensing monitoring system according to the gas absorption spectrum principle with double light path structure on the mine gas online monitoring the concentration of the gas, has avoid the explosion, dust and so on many special advantages.
12
Zhu, Zhen-Cai, Gong-Bo Zhou e Guang-Zhu Chen. "Chain-Type Wireless Underground Mine Sensor Networks for Gas Monitoring". Advanced Science Letters 4, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2011): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2011.1241.
13
Sunitha, M., K. Amarender, Dr Purushotham Nayak e S. Ayesha. "MANHOLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM". Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 11, n. 3 (15 dicembre 2020): 2662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.61841/turcomat.v11i3.14468.
Abstract (sommario):
A smart city is the future goal to have cleaner and better amenities for the society. Smart underground infrastructure is an important feature to be considered while implementing a smart city. Drainage system monitoring plays a vital role in keeping the city clean and healthy. Since manual monitoring is incompetent, this leads to slow handling of problems in drainage and consumes more time to solve. To mitigate all these issues, the system using a wireless sensor network, consisting of sensor nodes is designed. The project aims in designing a manhole management system using IOT which alerts the managing station through web page when any manhole crosses its threshold values and also the system monitor the sensors data on LCD module. This system reduces the death risk of manual scavengers who clean the underground drainage and also benefits the public. The project makes a use of water level sensor, water flow sensor, Temperature sensor, Gas sensor and raspberry pi zero w processor. The controlling device of the whole system is raspberry pi processor. In this rise in temperature, explosion due to toxic gases, overflow, manhole lid left open is detected by the sensors. The signals from the sensors are fed to the raspberry pi, which is programmed to generate alerts. In this we use sensors to detect blockage, floods, and gases. The sensors will identify the clogging inside the drainage system and will give information to the user through email and further actions will be taken care by the municipal.
Nowadays, accidents due to broken and missing manhole covers are quite frequent. Manholes are not monitored properly in developing countries. These accidents can lead to serious injuries and also death.
Hence, here we propose a system to overcome this problem. We have included an array of sensors for complete monitoring of the manhole cover so that such accidents can be prevented. This project includes a gas cover to monitor the gas emitted from the sewage systems so that toxicity can be monitored, the internal temperature is also monitored if a check for a change in the temperature as the property of manhole change with temperature which could need to crack formation, Also, a float sensor is used to indicate when the water level goes beyond a certain level, in case of any alert due to any of the parameters we check on the IOT website. Also, all the parameters are continuously updated on the website.
14
Rodriguez Diaz, Oscar Oswaldo, Edinson Franco-Mejía e Esteban Rosero. "Modeling and Control of Small-Scale Underground Mine Ventilation Networks". Ingeniería e Investigación 43, n. 1 (10 novembre 2022): e90968. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.90968.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper presents a nonlinear model and a control strategy to regulate airflow in small-scale underground mine ventilation networks. In underground ventilation control systems, a sensor and an actuator for each branch are usually considered. However, in small-scale underground mines, it is too expensive to have automatic doors for controlling the air flow in each tunnel, as well as to install flow and gas sensors in each branch. In order to regulate airflow in small-scale underground ventilation networks, the number of sensors and actuators is regarded as a limitation for practical installation. This work presents an alternative modeling of the network, with direct control of the airflow in each tunnel, by varying the speed of the fans available on the external surface of the mine. A state space model is presented, and a linear quadratic controller with integral action and a state estimator is designed. To validate the model and the controller, a network ventilation system for a small-scale mine with nine branches (tunnels) and two actuators (fans) is presented.
15
Huang, Shou Zhi, e Xue Zeng Zhao. "A Design of Wireless Sensor System for Water Quality Monitoring of Oil Field". Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (gennaio 2013): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.51.
Abstract (sommario):
In these years, petroleum and natural gas exploitation cause underground water pollution worldwide. And the leak of the crude oil and injection of waste water in the fracking process are two main reasons of water pollution during the exploitation. So monitoring the water quality in petroleum and natural gas exploitation area is more and more important to assure the drinking water’s safety for people who live nearby. In this paper, a wireless sensor system for water quality monitoring based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is designed. This system uses XBee modules as the communication units and chooses proper sensors to monitor the key parameters for water quality including PH, turbidity, conductivity and temperature. And we also use LABVIEW to build an interface to monitor, restore and analyze the data collected.
16
Rao, Dr Tavanam Venkata. "Manhole Management System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n. VI (30 giugno 2021): 4262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35668.
Abstract (sommario):
A smart city is the future goal of providing cleaner and better services to society. Smart underground infrastructure is an important feature to consider when implementing a smart city. Monitoring the drainage system plays a vital role in keeping the city clean and healthy. The supervision is incompetent, this results in slow treatment of drainage problems and takes more time to resolve. In order to alleviate all of these problems, the system is being developed with a wireless sensor network consisting of sensor nodes. The project aims to design a well management system using IOT that will notify the management station via email when a well exceeds its thresholds, and the system will also monitor the data from the sensors on the LCD module, the system will reduce the risk of death for manual collectors that clean the underground drain and also benefits the public. The project uses a water level sensor, a water flow sensor, an SR04 ultrasonic sensor, a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, an Arduino UNO atmega328 microcontroller and a Raspberrypi3 processor. This project "MANHOLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM" helps to send signals from sensors. This project consists of Raspberry Pi3 and Arduino Uno, the two microcontrollers that are connected to each other.The signals received by the Arduino from the sensors are converted from analog signals into digital signals with the help of the ADC on the Arduino board and then processed and sent to the Raspberry Pi, it takes this as input data and the Raspberry Pi is sent to an E. -Mail to the appropriate authority. The status of the project is displayed on the LCD module.
17
R, Srinivasulu, Hariprathap Reddy B, Husseini T e Narasimhulu V. "MANHOLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM". Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 11, n. 3 (15 dicembre 2020): 270–2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.61841/turcomat.v11i3.14515.
Abstract (sommario):
A smart city is the future goal to have cleaner and better amenities for the society. Smart underground infrastructure is an important feature to be considered while implementing a smart city. Drainage system monitoring plays a vital role in keeping the city clean and healthy. Since manual monitoring is incompetent, this leads to slow handling of problems in drainage and consumes more time to solve. To mitigate all these issues, the system using a wireless sensor network, consisting of sensor nodes is designed.
The project aims in designing a manhole management system using IOT which alerts the managing station through web page when any manhole crosses its threshold values and also the system monitor the sensors data on LCD module. This system reduces the death risk of manual scavengers who clean the underground drainage and also benefits the public. The project makes a use of water level sensor, water flow sensor, Temperature sensor, Gas sensor and raspberry pi zero w processor. The controlling device of the whole system is raspberry pi processor. In this rise in temperature, explosion due to toxic gases, overflow, manhole lid left open is detected by the sensors. The signals from the sensors are fed to the raspberry pi, which is programmed to generate alerts. In this we use sensors to detect blockage, floods, and gases. The sensors will identify the clogging inside the drainage system and will give information to the user through email and further actions will be taken care by the municipal.
Nowadays, accidents due to broken and missing manhole covers are quite frequent. Manholes are not monitored properly in developing countries. These accidents can lead to serious injuries and also death.
Hence, here we propose a system to overcome this problem. We have included an array of sensors for complete monitoring of the manhole cover so that such accidents can be prevented. This project includes a gas cover to monitor the gas emitted from the sewage systems so that toxicity can be monitored, the internal temperature is also monitored if a check for a change in the temperature as the property of manhole change with temperature which could need to crack formation, Also, a float sensor is used to indicate when the water level goes beyond a certain level, in case of any alert due to any of the parameters we check on the IOT website. Also, all the parameters are continuously updated on the website.
18
Halley, Sleight, Kannan Ramaiyan, James Smith, Robert Ian, Kamil Agi, Fernando H. Garzon e Lok-kun Tsui. "Mixed Potential Electrochemical Sensors for Natural Gas Leak Detection – Field Testing of Portable Sensor Package". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n. 52 (28 agosto 2023): 2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01522604mtgabs.
Abstract (sommario):
According to the EPA, methane (CH4) emissions from oil and gas infrastructure accounted for 211 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent in 2020 [1]. Actual emissions may exceed this by a factor of three [2]. Current natural gas leak detection technologies largely consist of optical sensors such as IR spectrometers [3]. Optical sensors have high sensitivity, but the high cost and fragility of these sensors limit practical applications and continuous monitoring in the field. Mixed potential electrochemical sensors (MPES) are low cost, robust, selective and sensitive, making them a viable option for continuous natural gas leak detection [4]. While we have previously reported on the development of these sensors for natural gas detection in the laboratory, it is necessary to evaluate how these sensors perform in relevant environments. The MPES device consists of La0.87Sr0.13CrO3 (LSC), indium tin oxide (ITO, In2O3 90 wt%, SnO2 10 wt%), and Au sensing electrodes with a Pt pseudo-reference electrode, bridged by 3 mol% YSZ solid electrolyte. A low ionic conductivity magnesia stabilized zirconia (MSZ) substrate is used to enhance sensitivity with a demonstrated limit of detection (LOD) of < 40 ppm. The sensor is integrated with an internet of things (IoT) data collection and transmission package developed by SensorComm Technologies. Field testing was performed at Colorado State University’s Methane Emission Technology Evaluation Center (METEC). The sensors’ capability of detecting buried pipeline leaks was investigated by varying the leak rate from 7.2 SLPM to 37 SLPM, lateral sensor distance from 0 meters to 3 meters, and vertical distance from 0 meters to 0.28 meters (Figure 1). Machine learning methods were applied to a training dataset collected in the laboratory to quantify the CH4 concentration. These results serve as a first demonstration that a low-cost mixed potential electrochemical sensor system can successfully detect underground pipeline emissions and quantify CH4 concentrations that are in agreement with previously published results [6] collected using more complex and costly methods. References: [1] O. US EPA, “Estimates of Methane Emissions by Segment in the United States,” Aug. 27, 2018. https://www.epa.gov/natural-gas-star-program/estimates-methane-emissions-segment-united-states (accessed Dec. 08, 2022). [2] A. J. Marchese et al., “Methane Emissions from United States Natural Gas Gathering and Processing,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 49, no. 17, pp. 10718–10727, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02275. [3] T. Aldhafeeri, M.-K. Tran, R. Vrolyk, M. Pope, and M. Fowler, “A Review of Methane Gas Detection Sensors: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives,” Inventions, vol. 5, no. 3, Art. no. 3, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.3390/inventions5030028. [4] F. H. Garzon, R. Mukundan, and E. L. Brosha, “Solid-state mixed potential gas sensors: theory, experiments and challenges,” Solid State Ion., vol. 136–137, pp. 633–638, Nov. 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00348-9. [5] S. Halley, L. Tsui, and F. Garzon, “Combined Mixed Potential Electrochemical Sensors and Artificial Neural Networks for the Quantificationand Identification of Methane in Natural Gas Emissions Monitoring,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 168, no. 9, p. 097506, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac2465. [6] B. A. Ulrich, M. Mitton, E. Lachenmeyer, A. Hecobian, D. Zimmerle, and K. M. Smits, “Natural Gas Emissions from Underground Pipelines and Implications for Leak Detection,” Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 401–406, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00291. Figure 1: Sensor response to various heights above a simulated buried pipeline leak on two successive days of testing (a and b), and estimated CH4 concentrations from sensor data (c). Figure 1
19
Ma, Feng Ying. "Sensor Deployment Optimization Based on Simulation of Gas Distribution in Underground Fully Mechanized Coal Face". Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (aprile 2012): 1468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1468.
Abstract (sommario):
The gas sensor is very important for coalmine production safety. The Fluent software was used to simulate underground gas distribution. Geometry model was established and divided by grids. Gas distribution in fully mechanized coal face was simulated using RNG k-ε model according to conversation equation in turbulent state, turbulent kinetic energy equation and turbulent dissipation rate equation. The results show that gas is likely to accumulate in the upper corner, when wind passes through the corner after washing fully mechanized coal face, wind velocity is unstable, performance of sensor placed in inner side of turning is different from that placed in outer side of turning. The result shows that gas can be monitored effectively with this method which has an important value and instructive significance.
20
Khamis, Yuthriya, Mahmoud Alawi, Ramadhan Athumani e Waheed Sanya. "An IoT Based Worker Safety Helmet Using Cloud Computing Technology". Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 41, n. 1 (16 luglio 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.vi.769.
Abstract (sommario):
Miner safety and security is a major challenge around the world due to the exposure to toxic gases that are frequently released in underground mines. Miners' health is adversely affected primarily by toxic gases, which endanger the workers' lives. Furthermore, human sensory abilities do not detect these dangerous gases. As a result, this paper proposes a safety monitoring system that includes a temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and gas sensors to detect harmful gases and alert miners to those harmful gases using the smart helmet they wear. These gases are transmitted to the control station via the cloud using Internet of Things devices. The station monitors parameters like temperature, humidity, and toxic gases like methane and carbon monoxide to detect any abnormalities and alert the miner via a buzzer on the helmet. The data is processed by the Thing Speak cloud, which enables users to communicate via internet-connected devices and displays a field graph of the transmitted data.
21
A. Saeed, H., M. H. Mazlan, A. H. Ibrahim, H. E. Hamzah, H. H. Qasim, A. A. Gore e M. I. Hamza. "IoT health monitoring system for preventing and controlling risk in confined space using microcontrollers". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, n. 4 (15 dicembre 2019): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.30134.
Abstract (sommario):
Healthcare monitoring is a field that caught many researchers from the computer science community in the last decade. In the literature, various levels of people have been considered when proposing a health monitoring system. However, some aspects are still not adequately tackled such as monitoring workers’ health status within confined space where workers would be located in underground environment with less oxygen and a lot of dust. This paper proposes an IoT health monitor system for worker in confined places. The proposed system utilizes four types of microcontroller sensors including LM35 for measuring body temperature, heart beat rate sensor, blood pressure sensor and LPG gas sensor. All the aforementioned sensors are being connected via a GPS module in order to transmit the readings into a smartphone application. A simulation has been conducted to test the proposed sensors where competitive commercial measures have been used as a benchmark. Result of simulation showed that the sensors have fair accuracy that is near-identical to the benchmark.
22
Zhou, Meng Ran, Di Wu e Hai Qing Zhang. "Fiber-Optic Sensing of Coal Mine Gas Based on Fabry - Perot Interferometer". Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (ottobre 2011): 4206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.4206.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, According to mine gas accident frequent and the shortages of traditional gas monitoring system, puts forward some eigenvalue fabry-perot interference (EFPI) technology, its spectrum domain to study the mechanism of white light interference demodulation . establishing the wavelength fiber methane sensor system, realized the sensing information high resolution, wide measuring range and do not suffer light wave, the spectrum domain influence of disturbance synthesis technology. Experimental results show that have an accurate measurement results, it can be applied in underground bad environment method of measuring gas concentration, the research may realize all fiber optical signal measurement, underground only, no electrical signals, strong anti-jamming capability, suitable for inflammable, explosive and other environmental.
23
Renuka, N., Patlolla Saisree, Sambari Chandana, MD Salman e Bakkani Deepak. "IoT Based Underground Worker Safety System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 11 (30 novembre 2022): 1042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47521.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: Industrial safety is one of the main aspects of industry specially coal mine industry. Underground mining hazards include suffocation, gas poisoning and gas explosion. Air quality and hazardous event detection is very important factor in mining industry. This system provides a wireless sensor network for monitoring real time situation of underground mines from base station. It provides real time monitoring of harmful gases like CO, CH4 and also temperature and Humidity. The main reason for death of miners is that, due to any reason miners falls down and loses consciousness also proper treatment is not provided them at that time. To overcome this problem the system provides emergency alert to the supervisor if person fall down by any reason. The system uses IoT technology for transmission of data from underground mine to base station. There is alert switch at mines and base station for emergency purpose.
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Li, Yong, Yong Sun e Lian Cong Wang. "Quantitative Analysis and Study of Coal Mine Underground Environment Gases Based on the FTIR". Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (giugno 2011): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.878.
Abstract (sommario):
Coal mine underground environment gases gas composition is very complicated, especially coal self-ignition different oxidation stage symbol of mine gas and release of period of reckoning produce of the coal mine enterprises poisonous and harmful gas production safety, caused great harm to the mine production period and needed after the reckoning mine air composition for monitoring. Existing gas chromatographic analysis is slow and not on-line analysis problem, sensor use short-lived, need often set-up insufficient, we put forward such a kind of brand-new based on the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) in-well environment gas analysis method. Combining with gas absorption spectral characteristics and analysis from spectrometer parameter selection, request the sample gas preparation, feature extraction and analysis model is established in variable introduces a set of effective coal mine underground environment gas spectral analysis method, and then gives C2H6, C3H8, CH4, i-C4H10, n-C4H10, C2H4 C3H6, C2H2, SF6, CO and CO2, the test results. The results showed that the FTIR spectrometer in spectral resolution for 1cm-1, optical path for 10cm circumstances, all gas resolution than 2x10-6, meet mine environment gas detection requirements. This shows that the infrared spectrum analysis is a potential mine environment gas analysis, this paper party could realize technology of coal mine underground environment gas on-line analysis.
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Brüne, M., J. Spiegel, K. Potje-Kamloth, C. Stein e A. Pflitsch. "Tracer gas experiments in subways using an integrated measuring and analysis system for sulfur hexafluoride". Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 5, n. 1 (5 febbraio 2016): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-33-2016.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Several sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas experiments were conducted in a subway system to measure the possible pathways of toxic gas for subway tunnels and stations empirically. A new mobile integrated measuring and analysis system was used to achieve high sample rates and a long measurement time. Due to the mobility of the sensors, tracer gas experiments were also carried out inside running subway coaches. All experiments showed a common pattern: the pathways of tracer gas dispersion overlapped with some escape routes, which were contaminated within a few minutes. So in case of catastrophic circumstances like terrorist attacks or subway fires, some escape routes will become deathly traps, but the results also showed free escape routes. With the new sensor technique it will be possible to conduct safety assessments for escape routes in underground transportation facilities.
26
Wan, Xiang Yun, e Hao Yang. "Research on Prediction System of Spontaneous Combustion in Coal Mine Goaf Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion Technology". Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (luglio 2012): 2887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2887.
Abstract (sommario):
The spontaneous combustion in coal mine goaf badly influences the underground safe work and regular production, which has become one of the major disasters that get much attention and need to be controlled. This paper analyzes the causes of spontaneous combustion and the relationship between the significant gas and temperature, the degree of spontaneous combustion, and coal category to monitor the composition and concentration of the significant gas of the spontaneous combustion in coal mine goaf and graphically visualize the change trend in a certain period. At the same time, when the composition and concentration of the significant gas approach the spontaneous combustion point, the system can make a sound-light alarm. The system not only provides robust technical support for the prediction of the spontaneous combustion in goaf, but also gives some reference for the prevention of underground spontaneous combustion in coal industry.
27
Zhang, Haiqing. "Research on low power consumption of wireless MEMS methane sensor". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2724, n. 1 (1 marzo 2024): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2724/1/012042.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Aiming at the problem that the high power consumption of traditional methane sensors does not realize the comprehensive detection of coal mines underground, based on MEMS methane detection technology, wireless methane sensing low-power research is proposed. First of all, based on the analysis of power correlation, we select the modularized design with low power, which includes power supply, sensing element driver, acquisition, and processing modules. We study the change of sensitive resistance, response time, and power consumption of the MEMS methane sensing element and sensor in different operating modes. Meanwhile, experimental tests are carried out. The experimental result shows that under the premise of ensuring the timeliness and stability of methane gas detection, the power consumption of the wireless MEMS methane sensor in one minute is only 2.4% of the traditional catalytic methane sensing element.
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Ghaly, S. M. A., M. O. Khan, S. O. El Mehdi, M. Al-Awad, Μ. Asad Ali e K. A. Al-Snaie. "Implementation of a Broad Range Smart Temperature Measurement System using Auto-Selected Multi-Sensor Core in LabVIEW Environment". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, n. 4 (10 agosto 2019): 4511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2896.
Abstract (sommario):
A conventional temperature sensing system employs a single transducer to convert temperature into an electrical signal. Such a system suffers from the limitation of the sensing range of the sensing device thereby affecting its accuracy and its capability. Therefore to make an accurate measurement in a typically abrupt temperature varying environment, a broad range high precision sensor is required. In this paper, an attempt is made to implement a wide spectrum temperature measurement system using auto-selected multi-sensor core in LabVIEW. This multi-sensor core can be composed of a set of different sensors having different capabilities to measure different temperatures ranges. These sensors are auto-selected by the program depending on the environment. This concept may be useful for space applications or it can also be useful for the monitoring of temperature and pressure in an oil/gas transportation or supply by means of underground/sea pipeline system or in a refinery plant. Further, this may also be applied for high precision temperature sensing in magnetic resonance imaging system applications.
29
Yu, Huaping, Lan Huang e Mei Guo. "Network Architecture of Wireless Underground Sensor Networks for Oil and Gas Pipeline Monitoring". International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 12, n. 3 (31 marzo 2017): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2017.12.3.12.
30
Chen, Chen, Qiang Ren, Heng Piao, Peng Wang e Yanzhang Wang. "A Trace Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on Differential Absorption Spectroscopy Using Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser". Micromachines 9, n. 12 (18 dicembre 2018): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9120670.
Abstract (sommario):
Carbon monoxide (CO), as a dangerous emission gas, is easy to accumulate in the complex underground environment and poses a serious threat to the safety of miners. In this paper, a sensor using a quantum cascade laser with an excitation wavelength of 4.65 μm as the light source, and a compact multiple reflection cell with a light path length of 12 m is introduced to detect trace CO gas. The sensor adopts the long optical path differential absorption spectroscopy technique (LOP-DAST) and obtains minimum detection limit (MDL) of 108 ppbv by comparing the residual difference between the measured spectrum and the Voigt theoretical spectrum. As a comparison, the MDL of the proposed sensor was also estimated by Allan deviation; the minimum value of 61 ppbv is achieved while integration time is 40 s. The stability of the sensor can reach 2.1 × 10−3 during the 2 h experimental test and stability of 1.7 × 10−2 can still be achieved in a longer 12 h experimental test.
31
Gao, Hui Chun, Chao Jun Fan, Jun Wen Li e Ming Kun Luo. "Study on Coal Mine Gas Monitoring System Based on Arduino". Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (dicembre 2014): 2173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2173.
Abstract (sommario):
Aimed at the frequency gas accident of coal mine, we designed a coal mine gas monitoring system based on Arduino microcontroller. The MQ-4 gas sensor was used to collect gas concentration, wireless ZigBee was used to transfer data of gas concentration to PC. The system can display gas concentration real-timely by LCD and use SD card to store the data. The system will send out sound and light alarm when the gas concentration overruns. Industrial tests have been carried out in Wuyang coal mine. Results show that gas monitoring system can well adapt to environment of underground coal mine and the measurement is accurate. The system is real-time monitoring and early warning. It has the characteristics of low power consumption, low cost, wireless, good market prospect.
32
Sidorenko, Sergey, Vyacheslav Trushnikov e Andrey Sidorenko. "Methane Emission Estimation Tools as a Basis for Sustainable Underground Mining of Gas-Bearing Coal Seams". Sustainability 16, n. 8 (20 aprile 2024): 3457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083457.
Abstract (sommario):
Underground coal mining of gas-bearing coal seams is accompanied by the emission of large amounts of methane, which increases with depth. Coal seam methane is not only a major cause of major accidents in coal mines, but is also a greenhouse gas that has a significant negative impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. Analysis of the efficiency of underground coal mining suggests that as the depth of mining increases, the productivity of a longwall decreases by a factor of 3–5 or more, while the specific volume of methane emitted increases manifold and the efficiency of methane management decreases. Effective management of coal seam methane can only be achieved by monitoring its content at key points in a system of workings. Monitoring of methane not only eliminates the risk of explosions, but also lets us assess the effectiveness of using methane management techniques and their parameters to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of methane management (including a methane drainage) for ensuring sustainable underground coal mining. The aim of this article is to develop a software and hardware complex for monitoring methane in a coal mine by creating a simulation model for monitoring methane. The Arduino Uno board and the methane sensor MQ-4 were used for this purpose. In this article, the causes of methane emissions in coal mines, gas control systems, the structure of the mine monitoring system, and the causes of risks and occurrence of accidents in coal mines are considered. As a result of the work, the mathematical model of the methane measurement sensor was developed; the Arduino Uno board developed a simulation system for methane monitoring; and the numerical results of the research are presented in the graphs.
33
de Lacy Costello, B. P. J., P. S. Sivanand, N. M. Ratcliffe e D. M. Reynolds. "The rapid detection of methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) in water using a prototype gas sensor system". Water Science and Technology 52, n. 8 (1 ottobre 2005): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0239.
Abstract (sommario):
The gasoline additive Methyl-tertiary-Butyl Ether (MtBE) is the second most common contaminant of groundwater in the USA and represents an important soil contaminant. This compound has been detected in the groundwater in at least 27 states as a result of leaking underground storage facilities (gasoline storage tanks and pipelines). Since the health effects of MtBE are unclear the potential threat to drinking water supplies is serious. Therefore, the ability to detect MtBE at low levels (ppb) and on-line at high-risk groundwater sites would be highly desirable. This paper reports the use of ‘commercial’ and metal oxide sensor arrays for the detection of MtBE in drinking and surface waters at low ppb level (μg.L−1 range). The output responses from some of the sensors were found to correlate well with MtBE concentrations under laboratory conditions.
34
U, Maheswaran, Bhuvaneeshwaran V, Hemanathan M e Jawahar K. "IoT Based coal mine safety monitoring and controlling". Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, n. 07 (24 luglio 2021): 1205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07287.
Abstract (sommario):
Many coal miners are concerned about their safety in the workplace. Within subsurface mines, poor ventilation exposes workers to toxic gases, heat, and dust, which can lead to sickness, injury, and death. With the aid of an ARM controller, this work proposes a concept for an Internet of things (IoT), wireless sensor network (WSN) that can track temperature, humidity, and gas in an underground mine. This device uses a low-power, less-cost Arduino UNO, Node MCU, DHT11 sensor, gas sensor, fire sensor to detect fire and send an alarm, and LDR to detect light depending on light levels. Conventional coal mineshaft observing frameworks are regularly wired organization frameworks that assume a significant part in guaranteeing coal mineshaft security. With the ceaseless extension of mining zones and profundity in coal mineshafts, numerous laneways have become visually impaired territories with various secret risks. Furthermore, laying cables, which is costly and time-consuming, is inconvenient. To address the issues, a coal mine safety monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network and the Internet of Things, which can increase the monitoring level is created. Many micro-sensor nodes with small volumes and low costs make up an IoT and wireless sensor network.
35
İLTEN, Erdem, e Mehmet Emin ÜNSAL. "PLC BASED SCADA SYSTEM DESIGN FOR INSTANT MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING MECHANISM OF TOXIC GASES IN UNDERGROUND MINES". Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 12, n. 1 (25 marzo 2024): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1407043.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study, a real-time toxic gas measurement and early warning mechanism is proposed to prevent accidents that may occur in underground mining facilities. Temperature, oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and dust density sensor data are read via Arduino Mega analog inputs. All sensor data is transferred to the PLC-SCADA (Programmable Logic Controller - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system via ethernet in real time. Thanks to the designed SCADA screen, sensor values can be monitored instantly. In addition, it can be checked whether the system is alarm and whether the ventilation system works. According to the underground coal mine regulations, work cannot be done in places where the mine air contains less than 19% oxygen, more than 2% methane, more than 50 ppm (0.005%) carbon monoxide and other hazardous gases. The highest permissible hydrogen sulfur ratio for 8 hours of operation is 20 ppm (0.002%). An early warning mechanism was created with the algorithm written taking these limits into consideration. The tests of the designed system were carried out in a laboratory environment and successful results were observed.
36
Tang, Chaoquan, Gongbo Zhou, Penghui Wang, Zhencai Zhu, Peng Zhang, Hao Chen e Wei Li. "Impact cushioning device of wireless sensor node for emergency rescue system in underground coal mine". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 168781401775248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017752481.
Abstract (sommario):
Because of the closed geographic conditions and the effect of uncertain factors during a catastrophe in an underground coal mine, a high failure rate of the sensor nodes after a disaster is a common phenomenon. To ensure normal communications after a disaster, an impact cushioning device is designed to ensure survival of the sensor nodes during the disasters like the tunnel collapse, gas explosion, and so on. First, a model for the spring absorbing system is built; an analysis based on the model shows that the impact cushioning device can survive the free impact due to the extremely short impact time and the small displacement despite the large force from the instantaneous impact. Second, a collision model between the impact cushioning device and the rock is built; an analysis based on the model shows that both the circuit boards and the shell of the device can survive a tunnel collapse because the maximum stress values of the shell material and the circuit boards during the collision process are much less than their yield strength values. Finally, we use a triangular wave to simulate the shock wave used to test the collision model. An analysis of the test shows that the shell of the device and circuit boards are still safe and reliable under the effects of a gas explosion for the same reason that the maximum stress values of the shell material and the circuit boards in the gas explosion process are much lower than their yield strength values.
37
Bardadyn, Michał, Marcelo Paredes, Mateusz Wrobel, Krystian Paradowski, Andrzej Zagórski e Krzysztof Jan Kurzydłowski. "New Environmentally Friendly Solutions to Prevent Oil Pipelines Disasters". Applied Mechanics and Materials 797 (novembre 2015): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.797.334.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper a newly environmental friendly Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) method for underground oil and gas pipeline networks is proposed. A suitable equipment extracts small samples of material from installed buried pipes for mechanical testing. Numerical calculations using Finite Element Analysis (FEM) proves that decreasing wall-thickness pipes is safe for in-field operating conditions. Nevertheless, those locations from where samples are cut should be monitored. For instance by means of Acoustic Testing (AT) system. New way of placing sensors is proposed. Sensors are introduced inside the pipe so that any acoustic wave changes from surrounding medium can be measured. In this type of AT a straightforward procedure must be followed to install sensors on pipe. Therefore, there is no need to uncover tested areas with qualified personnel. The research showed that the signals recorded from internal sensors are comparable to those results extracted from external ones. The study also revealed lower vulnerability to acoustic interference of the sensor placed inside the pipeline.
38
Zhou, Meng Ran, Dong Yue Ling e Ying Liang Ye. "Research on Spectrum Domain White Light Interference Demodulation Mechanism of the Optical Fiber Sensing Coal Gas". Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (novembre 2012): 1132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1132.
Abstract (sommario):
In our country, as the great threat caused by gas explosion or gas accident to the safety in coal mine production, the development of gas monitoring system is key to preventing accidents beforehand.. Putted into interferometer, the amplitude and the intensity of the incident ray carrying the information of gas concentration are divided many times by reflection and transmission, which results in many parallel beams in the form of the reflected light and the transmitted light. The concentration of the gas can be obtained by testing the light intensity signal . The experiment results show that an accurate measurement result which is capable for the gas concentration test in underground abominable conditions can be got by this mean. Particularly, based on multiplexing technique of optical fiber sensing, it is easy to build a sensor network. This method has an important significance and a good prospect of application and extension for gas monitoring and safety production in the coal mine.
39
Priyadarshini, Kompala, Nisanth Sai, Peddi Sai Krishna e Dr Shruti Bhargava Choubey. "Automatic Tunnel Lighting System for Road Traffic with Auto Exhaust Fan". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 6 (30 giugno 2022): 1254–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44035.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: The main objective of this project work is to provide intelligent lighting scheme for the tunnels of hill station roads. Tunnel means tubular passage cut through the hill or underground, these tunnels remain in dark always and inside the tunnels proper lighting system are essential to avoid the accidents. In this regard our government is arranging lights and they are glowing continuously irrespective of traffic and lot of energy is wasted. To avoid energy losses at these places, this efficient and intelligent lighting scheme is developed, which works automatically depending up on the road traffic and minimizes the energy consumption. In addition, all the vehicles release the waste (exhaust) gases that may be stagnated in the tunnel, due to lack of circulation with the outside environment. So, a gas detector/sensor is used for sensing these exhaust gases released from the automobiles and pump them outside the tunnel through an exhaust fan automatically. The process begins from the sensors; optical sensors are used for sensing the vehicles and depending up on the traffic density, inside lights of tunnel are controlled automatically. For example, many vehicles entered in to the tunnel from both the sides, all the lights are energized and as the traffic moving forward depending up on the clearance, required lights are energized, during the clearance means no vehicle is inside, all the lights remain in off condition automatically. The system is designed with Microcontroller, four sets of Infra Red sensors are used and they can be arranged either side of the tunnel in by directional mode. All the sensors are interfaced with Microcontroller and the program is prepared such that, depending up on the interrupted signals obtained from the sensors. The sensor used in the project work can detect all types of petroleum gases; in addition, it can detect smoke also. The sensor interfaced with the controller can energize exhaust fan automatically when it detects any type of gas or smoke.
40
Tu, Chunmei, e Guobin Chen. "Research on Underground Chemical Gas Monitoring and Target Location Based on an Improved Moth Flame Algorithm". Journal of Sensors 2021 (10 agosto 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4001584.
Abstract (sommario):
The danger of downhole work is mainly due to the chemical toxic gases and flammable gases NO2, CO, SO2, H2S, CH4, CO2, etc. When the concentration reaches a certain value, it will produce very great harm. With the continuous development of sensor technology and communication technology, it is necessary to monitor the relevant geographic features below the ground. Because of the complex environmental parameters of the coal mine roadway and the interference caused by various electrical equipment, the transmission of mine electromagnetic signals will be affected, resulting in low positioning accuracy. However, the underground chemical gas leakage leads to the life of underground workers which cannot be guaranteed, so it is necessary to effectively monitor the concentration of chemical gas components in underground mines. In this paper, a moth flame algorithm based on optimized inertia weights is proposed. By continuously improving the local inertia weights, the global optimum is determined by using the change of inertia weights in the iterative process of the algorithm. By testing the convergence and optimal value of several algorithms under common test functions, IMFO can obtain the global optimal solution. Finally, the concentrations of chemical gases NO2, CO, SO2, H2S, CH4, and CO2 are monitored by setting specific areas to see if they reach the early warning values. Then, 16 coordinates in the region are used to predict the above method, and the IMFO algorithm can achieve the best prediction effect.
41
V, Kamalie, Kavya C, Keerthana G, Keerthana Sri K. S e Shanmugapriya S. "Alerting and Detection of Toxic Gases in Sewage using IOT". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n. 5 (31 maggio 2023): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51784.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: Even in the modern times, physical labor is still used to clean sewage systems. As a result of a higher concentration of hazardous gasses in the manhole, human fatalities in the sewer have been noted. Poisonous gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and others can cause severe injury to human organs and even cause death. Predetermination of these gases is therefore crucial. The majority of metropolises installed an underground drainage system to maintain city hygienic standards, public health, and city defense. They risk contaminating smooth water with drainage water and spreading volatile illnesses if they fail to maintain the drainage infrastructure. Cleaning the drainage device is therefore crucial. In this project, the proposed system identifies whether a person is working inside the drainage manhole using a PIR sensor, as well as a system to detect toxic chemicals and gases using a gas sensor with an Arduino Uno microcontroller and toxic gas presence inside the drainage manhole, then immediately update the status to an IoT web server using Wi-Fi module. Additionally, the LCD display shows the status of the GAS level, and a buzzer will sound when the toxic presence is present
42
Vyas, Rushi, e Bailey Tye. "A Sequential RFID System for Robust Communication with Underground Carbon Steel Pipes in Oil and Gas Applications". Electronics 8, n. 12 (20 novembre 2019): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121374.
Abstract (sommario):
The world’s oil and gas is transported using a network of steel pipelines most of which lie underground. The length of this network in the US/Canada alone is 3.5 million kilometers. Keeping track of pipes in such a network for pipeline-health monitoring, maintenance, and logistics is an acute problem faced by pipeline-operators. Recently, radio-frequency-identification tags (RFIDs) have been proposed for tracking pipelines and even for monitoring pipeline health with additional built-in sensors. Low-cost RFID tags are wirelessly powered and battery-less. However, RFIDs do not function optimally in the presence of magnetic carbon steel pipes that are prevalent in the industry. High-frequency wireless signals also attenuate rapidly through wet soils. In this research, the use of passive RFID sensor platforms for interrogating buried pipes up to 1.25 m deep in the LF bands is proposed. Using magnetic-induction-based communication, a test-comparison between conventional full/half duplex (FDX/HDX) and sequential (SEQ) RFID schemes is detailed. Wireless measurements in the presence of an industry-standard ASTM A-53 carbon-steel pipe show a SEQ RFID offering better immunity against magnetic proximity effects of the pipe’s wall with an 8.3 dB (x6.8) improvement over a FDX/HDX RFID operating under similar conditions over a distance of 80–125 cm at which pipes are typically buried.
43
Wang, Xiangqian, Ningke Xu, Xiangrui Meng e Haoqian Chang. "Prediction of Gas Concentration Based on LSTM-LightGBM Variable Weight Combination Model". Energies 15, n. 3 (24 gennaio 2022): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030827.
Abstract (sommario):
Gas accidents threaten the safety of underground coal mining, which are always accompanied by abnormal gas concentration trend. The purpose of this paper is to improve the prediction accuracy of gas concentration so as to prevent gas accidents and improve the level of coal mine safety management. Combining the LSTM model with the LightGBM model, the LSTM-LightGBM model is proposed with variable weight combination method based on residual assignment, which considers not only the time subsequence feature of data, but also the nonlinear characteristics of data. During the data preprocessing, the optimal parameters of gas concentration prediction are determined through the analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficients of different sensor data. The experimental results demonstrate that the mean absolute errors of LSTM-LighGBM, LSTM and LightGBM are 1.94%, 2.19% and 2.77%, respectively. The accuracy of LSTM-LightGBM variable weight combination model is better than that of the two above models, respectively. In this way, this study provides a novel idea and method for gas accident prevention based on gas concentration prediction.
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Szrek, Jarosław, Paweł Trybała, Mateusz Góralczyk, Anna Michalak, Bartłomiej Ziętek e Radosław Zimroz. "Accuracy Evaluation of Selected Mobile Inspection Robot Localization Techniques in a GNSS-Denied Environment". Sensors 21, n. 1 (28 dicembre 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010141.
Abstract (sommario):
Locating an inspection robot is an essential task for inspection missions and spatial data acquisition. Giving a spatial reference to measurements, especially those concerning environmental parameters, e.g., gas concentrations may make them more valuable by enabling more insightful analyses. Thus, an accurate estimation of sensor position and orientation is a significant topic in mobile measurement systems used in robotics, remote sensing, or autonomous vehicles. Those systems often work in urban or underground conditions, which are lowering or disabling the possibility of using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for this purpose. Alternative solutions vary significantly in sensor configuration requirements, positioning accuracy, and computational complexity. The selection of the optimal solution is difficult. The focus here is put on the assessment, using the criterion of the positioning accuracy of the mobile robot with no use of GNSS signals. Automated geodetic surveying equipment is utilized for acquiring precise ground truth data of the robot’s movement. The results obtained, with the use of several methods, compared: Wheel odometry, inertial measurement-based dead-reckoning, visual odometry, and trilateration of ultra-wideband signals. The suitability, pros, and cons of each method are discussed in the context of their application in autonomous robotic systems, operating in an underground mine environment.
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Teju, V., K. Gowtham Sai, Swamy e K. Bharath. "Mining Environment Monitoring Based on Laser Communication with Internet of Things". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, n. 5 (1 maggio 2020): 2375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8898.
Abstract (sommario):
Environment conditions like humidity, temperature and gas concentrations are checked to safeguard the people in mines. The equipment comprised of hardware like a microcontroller. This standard intends to decrease the risk of injury and illnesses, these accidents can lead misfortunes because of the mine safety. So as to protect the excavators from ecological perilous, we need to speak with diggers in the underground segment the information should initially be estimated. This measured data must be saved for future reference. The transmission is done using laser communication. The parameters measured in this project are: (i) temperature, (ii) humidity and (iii) gas concentration. The obtained sensor values are sent through laser transmission and the sent values are passed through the Wi-Fi router and the mining data is stored in the database.
46
Wang, Yong, Peng Tian, Yu Zhou e Qing Chen. "The Encountered Problems and Solutions in the Development of Coal Mine Rescue Robot". Journal of Robotics 2018 (24 ottobre 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8471503.
Abstract (sommario):
Based on the various problems in the process of coal robot applications, from three-dimensional analysis of the key technology, market demand, and policy regulations and standardization, the paper reviews the use of carbon fiber material, elastic material of traditional surface spraying and integral casting technology to realize lightweight robot, by using the dual redundant design to improve the reliability of the rescue robot CPU, through the functions of voice recognition obstacle sensor, gas sensor acquisition components, and distribution information to realize the underground rescue mission. In addition, virtual test technology, hardware in the loop simulation technology, and shrinkage model technology are proposed to solve the difficulties of hard field testing of rescue robots. These suggest that concrete measures have been pointed out to break the problem of the development of the coal mine relief robot.
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Szrek, Jarosław, Janusz Jakubiak e Radoslaw Zimroz. "A Mobile Robot-Based System for Automatic Inspection of Belt Conveyors in Mining Industry". Energies 15, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2022): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010327.
Abstract (sommario):
Mechanical systems (as belt conveyors) used in the mining industry, especially in deep underground mines, must be supervised on a regular basis. Unfortunately, they require high power and are spatially distributed over a large area. Till now, some elements of the conveyor (drive units) have been monitored 24 h/day using SCADA systems. The rest of the conveyor is inspected by maintenance staff. To minimize the presence of humans in harsh environments, we propose a mobile inspection platform based on autonomous UGV. It is equipped with various sensors, and in practice it is capable of collecting almost the same information as maintenance inspectors (RGB image, sound, gas sensor, etc.). Till now such experiments have been performed in the lab or in the mine, but the robot was controlled by the operator. In such a scenario the robot is able to record data, process them and detect, for example, an overheated idler. In this paper we will introduce the general concept of an automatic robot-based inspection for underground mining applications. A framework of how to deploy the inspection robot for automatic inspection (3D model of the tunnel, path planing, etc.) are defined and some first results from automatic inspection tested in lab conditions are presented. Differences between the planned and actual path are evaluated. We also point out some challenges for further research.
48
Holinko, O., N. Yuldasheva, Z. Zhartay, T. Mirzoieva, O. Petrychenko e V. Hulevets. "Methodology of creation and development of information systems for technological safety of mining facilities". Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, n. 6 (23 dicembre 2023): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2023-6/127.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose. To develop methodological approaches to the process of informatization of technological security (TS) and to propose a project of step-by-step development of the architecture of information system (IS) of TS, which will contribute to effective integration of digital and mining technologies. To develop a mathematical model for finding the number of sensors required for probabilistic assessment of the concentration gradients of hazardous gases. Methodology. General and special methods of knowledge are used: structural analysis – to establish the structure and tasks of IS of TS; logical generalization – for formation of methodological system of directions of TS information measures; system analysis – to establish synergistic effect of complex implementation of the indicated directions; scientific abstraction – for development of a project for IS architecture derivation; mathematical formalization – for development of mathematical model for estimating gradients of concentration gases and the number of sensors. Findings. A project for the phased development of IS architecture of mining facilities based on the implementation of diffusion principle is developed, which will allow solving a complex of issues: integrated monitoring of danger of gas environment of underground structure for detection of gas traps and permanent determination of concentration gradients of hazardous gases, implementation of intelligent safety loops using analytical resources of technological mining process. A methodological system of directions for diffusion implementation of TS information measures is formed. The use of the method of system analysis made it possible to point out the synergistic effect of the complex implementation of the directions of implementation of TS information measures. Originality. A project for the phased development of the information system architecture of the technological safety of mining enterprises has been developed. A mathematical model has been developed to estimate the concentration gradients of hazardous gases and the number of sensors to ensure the appropriate level of probability of finding a sensor in each cell of the underground mine. Practical value. The methodological approach makes it possible to form an IS that implements a comprehensive approach to ensuring the appropriate level of technological safety of mining facilities.
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Pantyukhova, K. N., O. Yu Bourgonova, Yu O. Filippov e G. P. Ulyasheva. "Improvement of the technology of flame arrester manufacturing". Omsk Scientific Bulletin, n. 173 (2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2020-173-29-34.
Abstract (sommario):
When mining hard coal the underground method is prevailed. This method provides a higher quality of the mineral. Methane emissions occur in coal mines during the development of gasbearing seams. These emissions are the reason for the formation of an explosive mixture when mixed with mine air, and also contribute to the spontaneous combustion of coal. Methane alarms are used to monitor the mine atmosphere. Thermocatalytic sensor is the main element of such a gas analyzer. The sensor is placed in a breathable housing. This body is called a flame arrester. This article discusses the possibility of replacing the material used for the manufacture of a flame arrester. The basis of the existing material is nickel powder. It is proposed to replace it with a cermet bond. The composition of the ceramic material of the part is developed by the author and presented in the article. Replacement of material will lead to a significant reduction in the cost of the part and simplification of the manufacturing technology
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Halama, Maros, Emily Haluschak, Peter Hanzes e Gabriela Baranova. "The effect of defect size and soil aggressivity on corrosion of underground oil & gas pipelines". E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912101006.
Abstract (sommario):
Nowadays, the oil & gas industry has limited number of non-destructive corrosion techniques for assessment of life-time of existing infrastructures, especially on low and medium pressure pipelines exposed to aggressive soil environment where defect in isolation and presence of water formed ideal conditions for corrosion attack. Efficient non-destructive corrosion monitoring can be achieved using mobile potentiostat through the selection of appropriate monitoring techniques and special kind of sensor. OCP potential is monitored for 10 minutes and actual corrosion rate of pipeline with corrosion products in soil mixture was determined using Stern polarization technique in non-invasive arrangement. Using global database with range of minimum and maximum corrosion rate limits obtained from terrain measurements we can determine active or passive role of corrosion products and assess risk joint with aggressiveness of soil in location of interest. Finally, values were divided between high active, medium active and passive corrosion. Output is alarm, which can help in decision if reconstruction of underground pipelines where isolation failed in time is sufficient or not. When done properly, corrosion monitoring using non-invasive “in-situ” technique can serve as an early warning system before the onset of corrosion related failures.