Tesi sul tema "UN Human rights convenants"
Segui questo link per vedere altri tipi di pubblicazioni sul tema: UN Human rights convenants.
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "UN Human rights convenants".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
1
Bassah, Komla Séméké. "Étude sur la légitimité du Comité des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies et sur l'effectivité de sa mission". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0145.
Abstract (sommario):
La recherche sur la légitimité et l’effectivité du CDH vient du constat de la méconnaissance générale de la portée de sa mission, laquelle produit des effets néfastes sur celui-ci. Cette étude montre que malgré les limites imposées à cet organe par le PIDCP, son œuvre déployée a une portée considérable dans la protection internationale des droits de l’homme. Pour parvenir à cette fin, le CDH à adopter des techniques d’interprétation qui lui ont valu l’attention des organes tiers renforçant, par là même, sa légitimité. Poursuivant cette même finalité, afin de pallier l’absence de force obligatoire de ses décisions, il s’emploie à conférer à son activité une nature comparable à celle d’une juridiction formellement instituée afin d’attirer l’attention des États sur le degré d’autorité dont elles sont revêtues. Toutefois, nous proposons qu’à défaut que les États franchissent un nouveau cap en mettant en place une juridiction unique en la matière, il urge que le système soit rationalisé au nom de l’intérêt individuel. L’effectivité des droits de l’homme étant tributaire de leur volonté, la solution contre les écueils actuels nécessite un projet politique d’envergure de leur partThe research on the legitimacy and effectiveness of the HRC stems from the observation that there is a deep lack of knowledge regarding the scope of its mission, which has a negative impact on it. This study shows that despite the limits imposed on this body by the ICCPR, its work has a very significant impact on the international human rights protection. To achieve this end, the HRC adopted interpretation methods that have earned it the attention of others bodies, strengthening by the way its legitimacy. Pursuing the same goal, in order to overcome the non-binding nature of its decisions, it endeavors to give its activity the impression of that of a formally court-like function with the purpose to facilitate States’ compliance by the degree of authority with which they are endowed. However, we propose that if States do not take a new step by setting up a single international court in human rights field, it is an urgent that the UN treaties bodies system, as it known today, be rationalized for the individual’s interests. As the effectiveness of human rights dependent on States willingness, the solution against the current pitfalls requires a large-scale political project supported by them
2
Verdirame, Guglielmo. "UN accountability for violations of human rights". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1633/.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis examines compliance with international human rights law in United Nations (UN) operations. It focuses on the provision of emergency humanitarian assistance, and on the assumption of administrative powers by the UN both de Jure (international administrations of territory) and de facto (refugee camps). It is argued that in these operations the UN has the functional capacity to have a direct impact on individuals and on the enjoyment of their fundamental rights. In part using case studies (the provision of humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan, the UN administrations in Kosovo and East Timor, and refugee camps in Kenya), it is shown that acts in violation of human rights have indeed been committed in the course of these operations. Although the UN is not itself a party to human rights treaties, various arguments are made to justify the applicability of international human rights law to the UN, and to its specialised programmes and agencies. Mechanisms - political, administrative, judicial and semi-judicial - for ensuring the accountability of the UN for violations of human rights are examined. However, existing mechanisms are largely inadequate. They neither offer remedies to the victims of the violations, nor impose sanctions on the perpetrators; their ability to modify future institutional conduct is also limited.
3
Lijnzaad, Elisabeth. "Reservations to UN-human rights treaties ratify and ruin? /". Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6543.
4
Jaravani, Motion. "Does the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees adequately protect refugess from refoulement?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4702.
5
Montero, Miguel. "UN Peacekeeping & Humanitarian Intervention as Tools for Enforcement of Human Rights". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76617.
6
Barnes, R. A. "The UN Al-Qaida/Taliban sanctions programme : addressing human rights and humanitarian issues". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596392.
Abstract (sommario):
This dissertation examines aspects of the United Nations Security Council’s programme of non-forcible sanctions against Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaida and the Taliban and certain individuals, groups and other entities allegedly associated with them (the “Al-Qaida/Taliban programme”). This work focuses on the existence – or rather, the lack – of mechanisms within the programme designed to protect the interest of individuals and entities designated by the Al-Qaida/Taliban Committee and particular third parties whose interest are directly affected by the operation of the programme. It does not present a comprehensive survey of all issues arising from the development of this targeted sanctions programme, and attention is focussed on the restrictive financial measures rather than the programme’s other limbs, namely the travel ban and arms embargo. Although this dissertation draws upon work located within the disciplines and rules relating to the Al-Qaida/Taliban programme. The Al-Qaida/Taliban programme is assessed against international standards of human rights and principles of humanitarian law; the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations; and certain other principles recognised in international law. This dissertation first examines the nature and scope of internationally recognised principles designed to protect the interest of persons affected by the actions of public authorities. It then considers the extent to which these principles are applicable to the UN Security Council both within and without the constitutional framework established by the UN Charter, and the manner in which they are specifically relevant to the Al-Qaida/Taliban programme. This consideration also contains evaluations of both the development of the programme in the context of the general sanctions practice of the Security Council and, importantly, the increasingly rule-oriented approach that the Council appears to be adopting in other areas of its enforcement action. Having identified significant shortcomings within the Al-Qaida/Taliban programme assessed against these standards, in relation to its operation both at an international and municipal level, the dissertation then outlines a number of reforms designed to redress them.
7
Makhasane, Charles Tsepo. "The foundation of human rights according to Roman Catholic Church natural law in comparison with the UN Declaration of Human Rights and the African Charter". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7896.
Abstract (sommario):
Bibliography: leaves 122-128.The principal objective of this research paper is to explore the foundation of human rights according to the Social Teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, the UN Declaration of human rights and the African Charter. However, the African Charter reflects the carbon copy of the UN Declaration and they both demonstrate that the origin of human rights is human dignity and the worth of the person.
8
Mebrahtu, Simon. "New architecture for the UN human rights treaties monitoring mechanisms : merging and partitioning the committees". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1244.
Abstract (sommario):
"In the past 40 years these various procedures and outputs of the United Nations Human Rights Treaty System (UNHRTS) have gradually become sophisticated, developed and strengthened. It has made contributions to the promotion and protection of human rights. Despite its achievements, however, it also faces serious challenges and weaknesses, which induces some insider commentators to evaluate it as 'a system in crisis' and to criticise the whole system as one that urgently needs 'a complete overhaul'. From time to time, several proposals were made to improve the situation. However, the underlying problems persisted. Thus further and radical calls for re-organisation of the monitoring mechanism of the UNHRTS into a Unified and Standing Treaty Monitoring Body (USTMB) was made very recently. A further call for consolidation was made more explicit subsequently. In March 2006 the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) has issued a Concept Paper proposing to consolidate the current treaty monitoring bodies (TMBs) into a USTMB in an attempt to address the persistent problems the UNHTRS monitoring mechanism has been facing. A proposal regarded as too radical by many insiders of the UNHRTS. In view of the serious weaknesses of the UNHRTS monitoring mechanism, the initiated reform is a positive step. However, in seeking to introduce reform, and particularly within the UNHRTS, great caution is important not to throw the baby with water in the reform process. There is real concern about squandering, in the name of reform, the progress achieved over the last decades. In order to introduce an effective reform, it is important to be aware of [what] has worked and what has not, and make strategic choices based on these insights. In view of the proposed USTMB as a solution to the weakness of the system, balancing the reform initiative so that it will inherit the positive legacies while redressing the weakness is, therefore, a major contemporary concern." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006.
Prepared under the supervision of Mr. E.Y. Benneh at the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
9
Twemlow, Joy Ai Ejiri. "A Path to be Forged: Enabling peace through human rights in UN peace operations". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18118.
Abstract (sommario):
The United Nations (UN) regularly declares that human rights are an essential part of establishing peace, however the nexus between the two concepts remains unclear. Speaking to this gap, I examine the potential for human rights to contribute to establishing peace within the context of UN peace operations. Asking what it means for something to be capable of establishing peace; how human rights understandings can support the desired objectives of establishing peace; and whether these human rights understandings can, in practice, be implemented— I advance the position that in order for human rights to be capable of contributing to the establishment of peace it must operate as a culture. That is, human rights understandings must lead to cultural change within societies in a manner that prevents the reoccurrence of violence. I propose that human rights can contribute to peace by promoting a collective identity, based in human dignity, which acts to transform peaceful relations. An internalisation of this human rights belief and practice across society allows for the establishment of peace without reliance on a central authority. While human rights have the potential in theory to contribute to peace, the implementation of human rights, in practice, faces a number of barriers in peace operation settings. Ultimately, human rights as a cultural idea cannot lead to peace if those in peace operation settings do not adopt human rights as a cultural practice. I conclude by stating that—while human rights may not offer a clear path towards stability—the path can be carefully and consciously forged through individual social relationships.
10
MARICONDA, CLAUDIA GABRIELLA. "HUMAN RIGHTS AND LABOUR RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES. PERSPECTIVES ON PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11127.
Abstract (sommario):
Lo studio si inserisce nel dibattito sul potere delle multinazionali e il rispetto dei diritti umani fondamentali e approfondisce i concetti di responsabilità sociale delle imprese (CSR) e della loro "accountability", inquadrando l'analisi nel contesto più ampio degli investimenti esteri diretti (FDI), con i relativi aspetti economici, tecnologici e sociali, nonché ambientali e politici.
Si analizzano le norme internazionali in tema di rispetto dei diritti umani da parte delle aziende, ed i meccanismi legali per rendere le società "accountable", soprattutto in caso di complicità aziendali negli abusi perpetrati dagli Stati, anche attraverso la giurisprudenza dei tribunali penali internazionali e dei tribunali statunitensi.
Viene data attenzione al settore della sicurezza, i.e. "Private Military and Security Companies" (PMSCs, interessato da notevole crescita negli ultimi decenni. Le PMSCs, impiegate da parte dei governi che esternalizzano una funzione tipicamente dello stato e da imprese e ONG attive in contesti difficili, hanno operato senza adeguato controllo.
Le loro attività sollevano questioni su potenziali abusi dei diritti umani commessi dai propri dipendenti oltre che su violazioni dei diritti del lavoro subite dagli stessi.
Le azioni ONU per portare le PMSCs fuori dalla 'zona legale grigia' in cui hanno operato vengono trattate insieme alle iniziative di autoregolamentazione.The study, given the debate about the increasing power of corporations and the attempts to ensure their respect of fundamental human rights, deepens the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate accountability, framing the analysis within the broader discourse of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), with its economic, technological and social aspects as well as environmental and political issues. International standards in the area of corporations’ human rights obligations are analyzed in addition to legal mechanisms to hold corporations accountable, particularly for corporate complicity in human rights abuses by States, through the jurisprudence of international criminal tribunals and U.S. Courts. Special attention is given to the security sector, i.e. Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), interested in the last decades by a steady growth. PMSCs, increasingly contracted by governments willing to outsource a typical state function and by companies and NGOs active in difficult contexts, have been operating without proper supervision and accountability. PMSCs activities raise issues concerning potential human rights violations committed by their employees and labour rights abuses their employees might suffer themselves. UN actions aimed at bringing PMSCs out of the legal ‘grey zone’ where they have been operating are tackled alongside with self-regulatory initiatives.
11
MARICONDA, CLAUDIA GABRIELLA. "HUMAN RIGHTS AND LABOUR RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES. PERSPECTIVES ON PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/11127.
Abstract (sommario):
Lo studio si inserisce nel dibattito sul potere delle multinazionali e il rispetto dei diritti umani fondamentali e approfondisce i concetti di responsabilità sociale delle imprese (CSR) e della loro "accountability", inquadrando l'analisi nel contesto più ampio degli investimenti esteri diretti (FDI), con i relativi aspetti economici, tecnologici e sociali, nonché ambientali e politici.
Si analizzano le norme internazionali in tema di rispetto dei diritti umani da parte delle aziende, ed i meccanismi legali per rendere le società "accountable", soprattutto in caso di complicità aziendali negli abusi perpetrati dagli Stati, anche attraverso la giurisprudenza dei tribunali penali internazionali e dei tribunali statunitensi.
Viene data attenzione al settore della sicurezza, i.e. "Private Military and Security Companies" (PMSCs, interessato da notevole crescita negli ultimi decenni. Le PMSCs, impiegate da parte dei governi che esternalizzano una funzione tipicamente dello stato e da imprese e ONG attive in contesti difficili, hanno operato senza adeguato controllo.
Le loro attività sollevano questioni su potenziali abusi dei diritti umani commessi dai propri dipendenti oltre che su violazioni dei diritti del lavoro subite dagli stessi.
Le azioni ONU per portare le PMSCs fuori dalla 'zona legale grigia' in cui hanno operato vengono trattate insieme alle iniziative di autoregolamentazione.The study, given the debate about the increasing power of corporations and the attempts to ensure their respect of fundamental human rights, deepens the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate accountability, framing the analysis within the broader discourse of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), with its economic, technological and social aspects as well as environmental and political issues. International standards in the area of corporations’ human rights obligations are analyzed in addition to legal mechanisms to hold corporations accountable, particularly for corporate complicity in human rights abuses by States, through the jurisprudence of international criminal tribunals and U.S. Courts. Special attention is given to the security sector, i.e. Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), interested in the last decades by a steady growth. PMSCs, increasingly contracted by governments willing to outsource a typical state function and by companies and NGOs active in difficult contexts, have been operating without proper supervision and accountability. PMSCs activities raise issues concerning potential human rights violations committed by their employees and labour rights abuses their employees might suffer themselves. UN actions aimed at bringing PMSCs out of the legal ‘grey zone’ where they have been operating are tackled alongside with self-regulatory initiatives.
12
Palmer, Claire Helen. "Unfinished business : legalisation and implementation in business and human rights". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c296ae90-ad73-49c9-a0b3-b1170ca30930.
Abstract (sommario):
The thesis explores the nature of transnational legalisation by identifying one emerging norm - corporate accountability for human rights violations - and tracing its promotion through three separate pathways of legalisation. At the domestic level, the thesis discusses the jurisprudence of domestic courts that have contemplated assuming extraterritorial jurisdiction over alleged human rights violations of transnational corporations (TNCs) in other states. At the international level, the thesis considers developments in the United Nations (UN), which in 2011 launched a new normative framework to bolster the accountability of TNCs in respect of human rights. At the transnational level, the thesis discusses the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS), the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), and the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (VPs), which have been selected as representative of the range of hybrid schemes increasingly developed by government and industry representatives to ameliorate the impact of TNCs on human rights. The thesis also develops a framework with which to analyse these trends by adopting (and further developing) the liberal institutionalist tool of legalisation, which is described in Kenneth Abbott et al's 'The Concept of Legalisation'. This thesis argues that this classic framework can be adapted and reimagined in the context of the transnational legal system, which is characterised by thick configurations of agents working across a multiplicity of issue areas. I suggest that in applying the classic framework in the transnational context, there appears to be an omitted variable - that of implementation, which exists alongside obligation, precision, and delegation. Implementation refers to the specific actions taken by agents to translate legal or law-like principles into practical, workable instructions for courts, governments, companies and other non-state actors to follow. The thesis argues that an increased focus on implementation generally leads to more effective or greater legalisation. The empirical chapters demonstrate that efforts in implementation are often undertaken for the purpose of strengthening one or more other legalisation characteristics in the long run. This suggests that agents will be willing to accept lower levels of obligation, precision and/or delegation if they believe a focus on implementation will help strengthen these characteristics over time.
13
Söderlund, Erik. "Transnational Corporations and Human Rights : Assessing the position of TNCs within international human rights law, and the appropriateness of an international treaty on business and human rights". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363144.
Abstract (sommario):
Transnational corporations are playing an important role in the global economy of today. Many of these corporations have great economic resources and have the possibility of contributing to the development of societies in developing states. At the same time, in their search for profit, the activities of TNCs have proven fatal to some of the individuals employed by them, or otherwise in contact with their activities. Within the international legal framework, corporations are not traditionally treated as subjects and if a TNC allocates its production to a state with lax human rights protection, no binding international standards exist to regulate the conduct of the corporation. In my thesis I will assess the position of TNCs under the present core human rights instruments and soft law initiatives. I will also analyze a draft treaty text produced by the Intergovernmental Working Group on Business and Human Rights, released in July 2018, to reach a conclusion on whether such an instrument would affect the international legal status of TNCs and provide a more robust protection of international human rights.
14
Messineo, Francesco. "The attribution of conduct in breach of human rights obligations during peace support operations under UN auspices". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252266.
15
Vega, Leyton Birgitta. "Women's Human Rights : Issues of Implementation in Sri Lanka". Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-675.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis is about issues concerning the implementation of women's human rights in Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka has had a conflict between the Government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Ealam, LTTE for two decades. Since 2002 there has been a ceasefire agreement in place, which is being violated by both parties. Before being abandoned in 2003, one woman was present during the peace talks that were held.
In this paper I present the results of my field research conducted in Sri Lanka in November and December of 2005. The aim was to find out how women were active in the peace process since it is stipulated in international conventions that they have a right to participation. During the interviews with women activists it became evident that women were not involved in the official peace process. Therefore the thesis is about women’s human rights in Sri Lanka and the obstacles for their implementation.
Two main reasons for the lack of implementation of women’s human rights in Sri Lanka are identified. Firstly, for reasons of culture and patriarchal structures, there is a general lack of implementation internationally of women’s human rights. Secondly, the unresolved conflict situation in Sri Lanka, which reflects the unequal power relations between men and women that existed prior to the conflict. The lack of implementation of women’s human rights in Sri Lanka results in women not being present in the political life and they are therefore not part of the official peace process.
International conventions such as the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, CEDAW and the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on peace and security are addressed in the thesis in order to examine women’s human rights and their right to participation in politics and peace building.
Finally, I conclude that in order to include women in the official peace negotiations women need to actively participate in politics. The method presented to ensure such participation is that of affirmative action. It is a measure that falls under the category of temporary measures, which is suggested in CEDAW article 4.1.
16
Viljoen, Frans. "Realisation of human rights in Africa through inter-governmental institutions". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27810.
17
Helmner, Anna. "Human Rights Violations of Peacekeeping Troops : Accountability of the UN and the Relationship to the ECHR". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52723.
18
Torres, María del Rosario Ponce de León. "Human rights implementability methodology to help states parties bound by the ICESCR and other UN instruments to comply with their human rights obligations : the human right to drinking water and the situation in Mexico". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618727.
Abstract (sommario):
The living conditions of the poor people of the world have been deteriorating despite the agreements of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Humanity is facing growing poverty; famines; pandemic illnesses; environmental disasters; violence; torture; corruption of governments; and lack of democracy. to enunciate some of all the problems, despite the agreements of the 1966 International Covenants of Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The separation of human rights preserved in the UDHR in two human rights covenants, and the vagueness of their wording are identified as difficulties faced by States parties of human rights covenants and treaties to comply with their obligations of realising human rights. New ideas and ways to help them reach these objectives are needed. This thesis contributes with Human Rights Implementability methodology to help States Parties bound by the ICESCR and other UN instruments to comply with their human rights obligations by following the identified economic, political and social factors and difficulties blocking the realisation of human rights assessed in the concluding observations of the HR Covenants Committees and UN Treaty Bodies. Relevant human rights and non-human rights documents -covenants, declarations, resolutions, guidelines, reports and recommendations- adopted by the United Nations, international organisations, international events and NGOs are critically read under the principles of: International Law, International Human Rights Law, Rights-Based Approach to Development, and Critical Theory. Their wording will be scrutinised in the light of the realisation of human rights. Particularly, humanity is suffering growing water scarcity and the human right to drinking water has hardly agreed by an UN General Assembly Resolution in 2010. The translation of recommendations into feasible actions will help Mexican Government further the particular realisation of the human right to drinking water.
19
Cervantes, Valarezo Andrés Armando. "El Impacto del sistema interamericano de protección de derechos humanos en la justicia transicional: ¿existe un lugar legítimo para el perdón?" Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669146.
Abstract (sommario):
La investigación aborda un problema clásico dentro del ámbito de estudio de la justicia transicional relativo a la tensión entre justicia penal y reconciliación. Si bien existe abundante literatura sobre esta temática, el aporte de este ensayo al campo de estudio consiste en trasladar la discusión al ámbito de los tribunales internacionales. Para ello, se analiza sistemáticamente la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y se arriba a la conclusión de que los criterios actuales sobre amnistías e indultos no resultan adecuados para analizar la responsabilidad de los Estados que buscan concluir un conflicto armado. En base a esta constatación, se proponen estrategias procesales y la aplicación del artículo 32 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos como marco regulatorio de estos procesos a fin de garantizar seguridad jurídica. Como premisa necesaria de estas estrategias, se aboga por sustituir el actual fundamento de la jurisprudencia interamericana: el derecho humano de la víctima al castigo del victimario.The PhD thesis addresses a classic problem in the study of transitional justice related to the tension between criminal justice and reconciliation. Although there is abundant literature on this subject, the contribution of this essay to the field consists in developing the discussion in the area of international courts. With this purpose, the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is systematically analyzed reaching the conclusion that the current criteria on amnesties and pardons are not adequate to analyze the responsibility of the States that seek to conclude an armed conflict. Based on this finding, procedural strategies and the application of Article 32 of the American Convention on Human Rights are suggested as a regulatory framework for these processes in order to guarantee legal certainty. As a necessary premise of these strategies, I propose to replace the current normative basis of the IACHR jurisprudence: the human right of the victim to the punishment of its victimizer.
20
Schulz, Sebastian. "Anne F. Bayefsky: How to Complain to the UN Human Rights Treaty System / [rezensiert von] Sebastian Schulz". Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5567/.
21
Brune, Julia [Verfasser]. "Menschenrechte und transnationale Unternehmen : Grenzen und Potentiale des UN Framework for Business and Human Rights / Julia Brune". Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220161950/34.
22
Uyar, Abatay Lema. "The accountability of UN post-conflict administrations for violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a3dc00e1-afe1-4503-a9de-e18af88c2982.
Abstract (sommario):
The thesis explores the extent to which the UN post-conflict administrations are accountable towards the populations of the territories they administer. The post-conflict administrations temporarily assume legislative and administrative powers to support the peace processes, to help to resolve the sovereignty issues or to establish administrative structures that might be non-existent in these territories. The thesis argues that, while the exercise of these extensive powers entails the accountability of the UN, in practice this accountability is not effectively engaged. As opposed to other forms of accountability, the focus is on the international legal responsibility of the UN as the prominent and most meaningful form of accountability, in the accountability relationship between the administrator and the administered, which gives the populations of the administered territories the opportunity to challenge the acts of international administrations and seek redress. In exploring the legal responsibility of the UN and in line with Article 4 of the ILC Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations, which states only an act of an international organization that constitutes a breach of an international obligation entails its responsibility, this thesis initially explores the extent of international obligations arising from, and the extent of applicability of, three bodies of law. First, the thesis discusses the applicability of international humanitarian law, the fundamental principles of which have traditionally been part of UN peace operations practice. Next, it considers the applicability of the law of occupation, which shares stark factual similarities with the UN post-conflict administrations. Finally, the applicability of international human rights law, which is consistently part of the applicable law in post-conflict territories, and the protection and promotion of which is consistently included in the mandates of post-conflict administrations is examined. The thesis argues that the simultaneous application these bodies of law would help to create a legal framework to engage the accountability of UN post-conflict administrations and this legal framework should be complemented by effective accountability mechanisms.
23
Orago, Nicholas W. "Interrogating the competence of the African court of justice and human rights to review". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/16789.
Abstract (sommario):
Globalisation and the transfer of powers from state constitutional systems to international
organisations (IOs) have led to several deficiencies, especially with regard to checks and
balances in global governance. The need to inculcate the rule of law and constitutionalism in
global governance has therefore gained currency in the 21st century. This has been exemplified
by calls for the reform of the United Nations (UN) and the extensive reforms in regional IOs,
such as the European Union (EU), with emphasis on institutional balance and the tempering of
political power with institutional controls.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010.
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Jacqui Gallinetti Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 2010.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
24
Calderer, Jordi. "Banking and Human Rights : A content analysis on Caixabank and BBVA sustainability reporting". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42782.
Abstract (sommario):
Business and human rights is a recurrent discussion and the literature shows that it is a common research topic. However, when it comes to Banking and human rights the academic works drop considerably. The purpose of this paper is first, measure the degree of detail and depth of the analyzed annual reports regarding the information relevant to human rights and second, check if the non-financial information or sustainability reporting of the selected banks have changed overtime. To try to answer those questions the paper makes use of a qualitative and quantitative content analysis that are based on a relevant theoretical framework for each of the questions. An extensive background on sustainability reporting is provided in order to have a linear narrative.
25
Hosseinioun, Mishana. "The globalisation of universal human rights and the Middle East". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8f6bdf79-2512-4f32-840a-3565a096ae8d.
Abstract (sommario):
The goal of this study is to generate a more holistic picture of the diffusion and assimilation of universal human rights norms in diverse cultural and political settings such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The overarching question to be investigated in this thesis is the relationship between the evolving international human rights regime and the emerging human rights normative and legal culture in the Middle East. This question will be investigated in detail with reference to regional human rights schemes such as the Arab Charter of Human Rights, as well as local human rights developments in three Middle Eastern states, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Having gauged the take-up of human rights norms on the ground at the local and regional levels, the thesis examines in full the extent of socialisation and internalisation of human rights norms across the Middle East region at large.
26
Lind, Amanda. "The Power of the Human Rights Council : A comparative case-study of Afghanistan and Russia". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100660.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this thesis is to study the power and capacity of the UN Human Rights Council to promote and protect human rights through the recommendations by the Special Procedures and the Universal Periodic Review. The aim is then to analyse the recommendations and their effect by using the Concept of power by Robert Dahl (2007). The essay aims to answer the question if the Human Rights Council has power over the countries Russia and Afghanistan together with the questions about the effect of the recommendations. The method chosen for this thesis is qualitative one as it is a comparative case-study. As a theory is used as a lens to analyse the findings it is an abductive study. The conclusion of this study is that the recommendations have not succeeded to promote or protect human rights in Afghanistan or Russia and thus the Human rights Council has no power.
27
Gasiūnaitė, Aida. "JTO žmogaus teisių apsaugos sistemos kritiniai aspektai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070110_151607-81086.
Abstract (sommario):
In this Master thesis are discussed critical aspects of the most important and biggest international organizations– the United Nations – actions, missions and activities in the field of promotion and protection of human rights in this world. The analyze is based on the SWOT model which helps to find the strengths, weaknesses, possible opportunities to change critical situation and discuss all possible threats, also find ways how to fight against them. The work is started with analyze of the origin of the UN and it’s the main documents - the UN Charter and the Bill of Human Rights. The purpose of this step is to estimate the aims of this organization in human rights protecting and promotion branch. The next step is to analyze strengths and weaknesses of the UN institutions (charter and treaty bodies) some practical examples. The last part of this work is to suggest some reforms in the UN finances, which are in crisis now and stop a lot of necessary missions necessary to protect millions of people in different states, also to pay for attention to the reporting system and enforcing international human rights law changing it’s nature and implementing stronger sanctions, fighting against world non- action as the main way to react to human rights abuses in nowadays world.
28
Emong, Paul. "The realisation of human rights for disabled people in higher education in Uganda : a critical analysis drawing on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6863/.
Abstract (sommario):
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (the CRPD) guarantees disabled people a right to education without discrimination and on the basis of equal opportunities. Uganda is a State Party to the CRPD. This research, examines the extent to which Uganda is realising a right to education for disabled people in higher education as per the UN human rights law obligations. To that effect, the research through an empirical study, analyses how the current Ugandan disability law implements the UN human rights law obligations in higher education, its effects on policy for disabled people and the effects of those policies on the lives of disabled people in higher education. This study reveals that, while Uganda has proliferation of disability legal provisions, their ideals have not yet being adequately translated to the reality of disabled people in the institutions of higher education. This is attributed to: the social-economic factors impinging on the realisation of education as a right, including factors hindering the realisation of disability rights in the country; limited enforcement of the disability legislation generally in the country, and in particular in higher education; and limited awareness about disability discrimination and in turn limited disability mainstreaming in higher education. As a result, institutions of higher education are generally challenged in providing equal opportunities for disabled people. Thus, there is limited inclusion of disabled people in higher education in Uganda. In light of that finding, this research recommends higher education sector to undertake strategic interventions that seek to effectively implement the disability legal framework and as well as enhancing non-legal mechanisms to bringing about equal opportunities for disabled people in higher education. These interventions include increasing disability awareness and disability mainstreaming in the institutions of higher education, government organs with statutory mandate over higher education and development partners directly supporting higher education. The study also recommends that another way to build the internal capacity of higher education institutions on disability inclusion is through undertaking emancipatory disability research with them as that has an empowering effect on the participants.
29
MELO, RAQUEL BEZERRA CAVALCANTI LEAL DE. "THE PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE UN MULTIDIMENSIONAL PEACE OPERATIONS AFTER THE COLD WAR: HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVILIAN POLICE AND ELECTORAL ASSISTANCE". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9540@1.
Abstract (sommario):
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORAs operações de manutenção da paz da ONU surgiram no contexto da Guerra Fria, concebidas, basicamente como forças militares de interposição, com a função de monitorar cessar-fogos entre as partes adversárias em conflitos interestatais. As mudanças operadas no contexto normativo internacional pós Guerra Fria forneceram as bases para o surgimento das operações de paz multidimensionais, voltadas para a resolução de conflitos intra-estatais, através da implementação de acordos de paz entre as partes. Com uma multiplicidade funções e componentes, a atuação dessas missões passou a englobar a reconstrução institucional de estados pós-conflitos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo examinar o processo de institucionalização de um quadro de referência para as operações de paz multidimensionais, contendo princípios, normas e procedimentos gerais orientadores das suas atividades nos campos de direitos humanos, polícia civil e assistência eleitoral. O argumento central é o de que este quadro de referência é o resultado das interações entre o Secretariado e os Estados membros da ONU. É, também, o produto do impacto que os contextos normativos dentro e fora da estrutura onusiana têm nas identidades e nas preferências destes atores acerca das políticas da organização na área de atuação em foco. Neste estudo enfatizamos o papel do burocracia onusiana como ator neste processo.
The UN peacekeeping operations emerged in the context of the Cold War. They were basically conceived as military interposition forces, to monitor cease-fires between parties in interstates conflicts. After the Cold War the normative changes in the international context provided for the emergence of the UN multidimensional peace operations. These operations were aimed at the resolution of intrastate conflicts, by means of the assistance on the implementation of peace agreements between the parties. With multiple functions, as well as components, the purposes of these new missions included the post-conflict reconstruction of states. The objective of this study is to examine the process of institutionalization of a framework for the UN multidimensional peace operations, including principles, norms and guidelines for the fulfillment of their tasks in the fields of human rights, civilian police and electoral assistance. The central argument here is that the current framework is the result of the interactions between the UN Secretariat and the member states. It is also the product of the impact of the normative contexts outside and within the UN structure on the identities and preferences of the actors concerning the policies of the Organization in the area in focus. The role of the UN bureaucracy in this process is emphasized in this study.
30
Janušauskas, Andrius. "JT Žmogaus teisių taryba: veiksmingesnės žmogaus teisių apsaugos garantas ar iliuzija?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20110709_152139-54667.
Abstract (sommario):
Santrauka Bandant atsakyti į klausimą ar naujoji JT Žmogaus teisių taryba – veiksmingesnės žmogaus teisių apsaugos garantas ar viso labo iliuzija, šiame darbe yra aptariami Tarybos pirmtakės – Komisijos – istorija, raida, pasiekimai, trūkumai bei privalumai. Taip pat yra pateikiamas šios JT žmogaus teisių institucijos reformos įvertinimas. Darbe – aptariama pakitusi Tarybos vieta bei statusas JT sistemoje (nuo šiol Taryba yra pagalbinė Generalinės Asamblėjos institucija). Taip pat yra analizuojama Tarybos sudėtis, aptariant pakitusį narių skaičių bei geografinį jų pasiskirstimą. Detaliai analizuojama nauja rinkimų į Tarybą tvarka, kuri turėtų padidinti Tarybos atskaitingumą bei pakelti pasitikėjimą ja. Darbe taip pat nagrinėjami reikalavimai šalims, siekiančioms patekti į Tarybą, o taip pat papildomi bendradarbiavimo reikalavimai šalims, išrinktoms į Tarybą. Aptariamas padidintas Tarybos sesijų skaičius bei jų bendra trukmė, kas turėtų suteikti Tarybai galimybę greičiau, rimčiau bei nuosekliau reaguoti į žmogaus teisių problemas, staiga kylančias krizes, o taip pat užsiimti žmogaus teisių pažeidimų prevencija. Darbe – analizuojami Tarybos veiklos mechanizmo elementai – specialiosios procedūros, skundų procedūra, Patariamasis komitetas, bei naujoji Visuotinės periodinės peržiūros procedūra. Taip pat yra aptariamas kitas aspektas, nuo kurio didele dalimi priklauso Tarybos veiksmingumas – NVO vaidmuo Tarybos veikloje, kuris išliko beveik toks pats koks jis buvo Komisijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Summary In an attempt to answer the question whether the new UN Human Rights Council is a guarantee of a more effective protection of human rights or merely an illusion, the paper discusses history, development, achievements, shortcomings and merits of the Council's predecessor -- the Commission. The paper also presents an assessment of this UN human rights institution's reform. The paper discusses the altered place and status of the Council within the UN system (from now on the Council is a subsidiary institution of the General Assembly). The paper also analyzes the Council's composition, discussing the changed number of members and their geographical distribution. The paper also provides detailed analysis of the new rules for electing Council members, which should make the Council more representative and should increase trust in the Council. The paper also examines requirements set for the countries vying for a seat on the Council as well as additional requirements for the countries elected to the Council. The paper discusses the increased number of sessions and their overall duration, something that should help the Council to react to sudden human rights crises and to deal with human rights problems in a faster, more serious and more consistent manner as well as help the Council to be proactive when it comes to human rights violations. The paper analyzes the elements of the Council's work mechanism -- special procedures, complaint procedure, the Advisory Committee and the... [to full text]
31
Markström, Lindgren Kajsa. "The dystopia between a universal "Empire of meaning" and local contexts : a study of humanity, UN dominance and the interaction process of sensemaking". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253777.
Abstract (sommario):
There seems to be a gap between human rights theory and human rights practice. This gap disables rights to be applicable in practice in a meaningful manner. By theorizing this gap with Neil Thompson’s theory of “thinking” and “doing” while shedding light to this gap with a postmodern flashlight, the study shows that the concepts of human rights, human dignity, culture and ideology are in need to be addressed and added to this discourse and certainly to the overall discourse of human rights. A way of doing this is to make rights in the vernacular, as Sally Engle Merry suggests. What will be the consequences of vernacular rights? What is needed is thus to translate universal values into local contexts by acknowledging the cultural dimension of rights and to learning through experience.
32
Henson, Emma. "(Un)Safe Zones: Good Intentions, Bad Logic". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2210.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis aims to explore the disconnect between calls for safe zones as a tool of humanitarian intervention, and the dark history of safe zone failure. This thesis begins with a brief discussion of current calls for safe zones in Syria, and how a proper theoretical framework and historical understanding are needed to discuss whether or not safe zones can be successfully implemented in Syria. The following literature review discusses not only prominent academic arguments and the history of humanitarian intervention, but it suggests a framework for deconstructing case studies. This framework looks first at the interests of an intervening actor. The level of interest of that actor directly informs its willingness to overcome the challenges of safe zone implementation. The challenges of safe zone implementation are both practical and existential. If an actor’s interest in a given crisis is not great enough to make it willing to overcome these practical and existential challenges, or the actor is willing to overcome them but lacks the ability to do so, the safe zone will fail. In most cases of failed safe zones, moral hazard plays a role. Moral hazard can be evident in either the intervening actor’s decisions or the decisions of the international community to support or not support the intervention. This thesis then deconstructs three historical cases of safe zones with this method: Srebrenica in Bosnia, Operation Provide Comfort in Iraqi Kurdistan, and Operation Turquoise in Rwanda. Following these three case studies, this paper discusses safe zones in Syria with the help of this method and the broad historical understanding of safe zones established through the case studies. This thesis concludes with a discussion of how the analysis and available historical cases show that safe zones are dangerous tools of humanitarian intervention and should not be undertaken without adequate levels of interest and willingness to address challenges.
33
Leão, Ingrid Viana. "Execuções sumárias, arbitrárias ou extrajudiciais: efetividade das recomendações da ONU no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-26042012-114858/.
Abstract (sommario):
O presente trabalho se concentra em um mecanismo da ONU segundo uma temática específica: execuções sumárias, arbitrárias ou extrajudiciais. Inicialmente, aborda questões correlacionadas à execução sumária presentes nos relatórios da missão da ONU no Brasil, tais como, pessoas atingidas por esta prática, opinião pública e legitimação da violência. Embora o objeto central da pesquisa seja as recomendações do relator especial da ONU, Philip Alston faz uma avaliação comparativa com observações de outros organismos internacionais de direitos humanos agrupando características sobre a prática de execuções sumárias no Brasil, para, com base nestas informações, compreender o conteúdo das recomendações ao Estado brasileiro. Esse recorte da pesquisa se justificou em função do número crescente de visitas da ONU no Brasil e a prática de execuções sumárias configurar uma violação de direitos humanos que continua a ocorrer mesmo após a abertura democrática, e assim também ser alegação comum no sistema interamericano de direitos humanos e debates sobre Segurança Pública no Brasil. Por último analisa a recepção das recomendações pelo governo brasileiro, indagando seus efeitos, implementação e pressupostos para ampliar sua efetividade contribuindo, com efeito, na promoção dos direitos humanos. A avaliação da efetividade das recomendações é possível somente com estabelecimento de critérios e pressupostos de implementação, análise concreta das ações governamentais e de seu impacto no âmbito interno.The present work focuses on a UN mechanism, on a specific issue: on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. Firstly, It observes summary execution issues that present in the UN report about Mission to Brazil, such as people affected by this practice, public opinion, legitimacy of violence. Although the central object of research is the UN Special Rapporteur recommendations, Philip Alston, it makes a comparative evaluation on other international human rights bodies observations, to collect characteristics on summary executions practices in Brazil, so, based on this information, understand the content of the recommendations to Brazil state. This angle of research is justified due to the increasing number of visits of the UN in Brazil and the practice of summary executions like a violation of human rights that continues to occur even after the democratic opening, and thus also be common claim in the Inter-American Human Rights System and debates in public security in Brazil. Finally, it analyzes the reception of recommendations by the Brazilian government, impact, implementation and assumptions to expand their effectiveness by contributing, in effect, the promotion of human rights. The evaluation of the recommendations effectiveness is possible under criteria and conditions for implementation, concrete analysis of government actions and their impact on the domestic level.
34
Oostland, Rolanda Carina. "Non-discrimination and equality of women a comparative analysis of the interpretation by the UN Human Rights Comittee and the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2006-0622-200934/index.htm.
35
Midzain-Gobin, Liam. "Letting the Right One In: The Formulation & Articulation of a Rights-based Discourse for the International Indigenous Movement". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34104.
Abstract (sommario):
At the international level, indigenous activism has increasingly taken the form of advocating for ‘indigenous rights.’ These rights-based claims are articulated through a human rights framework, exemplified by the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which was passed by the UN General Assembly in September 2007. Since this time, the Declaration has become the focal point of indigenous activism at the international – and domestic – levels. Proponents of the DRIP have claimed that it moves international law into a “post-Eurocentric” position, and that
for the first time, the rights of indigenous peoples have been recognized by the international community.
This thesis interrogates the rights-based discourse employed in international indigenous activism. Using postcolonial and poststructuralist theory, it puts forward a hypothesis of double-movement governance affecting indigenous peoples throughout the world. In this thesis, the double-movement is made up of relations between biopolitical management of indigenous lives, and neoliberal governmentality, which come together to establish the power relations within our present-day colonial system. This double-movement governance is then connected to Glen Sean Coulthard’s critique of a politics of recognition framework, on which human rights are based. Together, this theory forms my hypothesis that instead of providing indigenous peoples with emancipatory pathways out of the colonial present, indigenous rights discourses further entrench colonial norms and hierarchies within indigenous communities, and between States and indigenous peoples.
Having established my hypothesis, I then test it with empirical data from the Declaration, indigenous fora at the UN, and domestic laws, agreements and policies. Taking the evidence into account, I argue that despite meaningful steps being taken to establish collective rights for indigenous peoples, a rights-based discourse does indeed continue to entrench colonial norms and hierarchies within indigenous communities and between States and indigenous peoples. This is in part because of issues of translation that occur when indigenous claims are articulated through a human rights framework, but also because a system based upon a politics of recognition – such as a human rights framework – is unable to move indigenous peoples out of the present-day colonial relations of power in which they live. Ultimately, such a system is only able to offer indigenous peoples ‘white liberty and white justice.’
36
Hartelius, Julia. "The One UN in Viet Nam; to whom do the resources for social development belong, and does the subaltern have a say? : A study of the human rights situation in Viet Nam juxtaposed with the principles of the recently enacted One UN reform". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-215212.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent years there has been an increasing demand for a reform of the UN system at the national level. Objecting to a failure in aid effectiveness and a paternalistic implementation of a rigid western model of human rights, the call for reform has been concretised in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005), the Hanoi Core Statements on Aid Effectiveness (2005) and the General Assembly Resolution A/60/1(2006), which recognize the need for a more effective and coherent UN country presence. The One UN reform – Delivering as One – is currently being piloted in eight different countries, one of them Viet Nam. One of the main principles governing the reform is the shift of power as to who directs the UN’s resources. The principle of increased national ownership is juxtaposed with the fact of a government repressing its people, as is the case in Viet Nam. This thesis builds upon a field study in Viet Nam, addressing issues of human rights violations, the Communist Party’s rhetoric of protecting the people, and the UN’s rhetoric of expertise conditioned by western thought. The question of whether the subaltern can speak is again raised here, as is further inquiries on whether the Government of Viet Nam and/or the UN hears and/or listens to it. Utilizing Jürgen Habermas’ theory of communicative action to theorise the agencies of The Government of Viet Nam and the One UN, and by placing them in a Habermasian polity of communicative action, it becomes possible to view this occurring encounter of ideologically governed actors in a new light, and inquire as to whether it is possible to reach an understanding and coordinate plans of action by way of agreement. This thesis sheds light on and problematizes issues of western presence, communicative action, the colonial civilizing project, subalternity, as it is activated in the context of Viet Nam and in the principles of the UN reform.
37
Bagal, Monique. "La protection des indications géographiques dans un contexte global : essai sur un droit fondamental". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3077.
Abstract (sommario):
Les négociations internationales concernant la protection des indications géographiques connaissent, depuis près de deux décennies, un blocage au sein de l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce opposant des pays défenseurs des indications géographiques, à des pays plus sceptiques. Résultant d’un compromis entre l’approche des pays de l’Union Européenne et celle des Etats-Unis, les standards minimum de protection des indications géographiques de l’ADPIC ont mis en lumière la diversité des approches juridiques en la matière et fait émerger un débat quasi-passionnel sur les moyens appropriés que l’Etat doit mettre en œuvre pour protéger les noms géographiques. L’histoire renseigne sur le fait que le plaidoyer pour ou le réquisitoire contre l’un ou l’autre camp ont toujours tourné autour des philosophies de la protection des indications géographiques : d’une part, les pays défenseurs des indications géographiques prônent à travers leur mise en œuvre, la protection d’industries plus vulnérables à la concurrence ; d’autre part, les pays sceptiques privilégient le plus possible, la liberté du commerce et de l’industrie et par ricochet, la libre exploitation des signes. Pour ces derniers, seule la reconnaissance par le consommateur d’une association qualité-origine du produit justifie une réservation du nom. Le régime multilatéral des IG issu de l’Accord sur les aspects de la propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce résulte donc d’un compromis entre ces deux philosophies de la protection. D’aucuns ont souligné le caractère insatisfaisant d’un tel compromis qui ne rend pas nécessairement compte de la nature réelle de ces signes géographiques. Ce travail tente de le transcender. Il est fondé sur le pari que, dans une perspective juridique, tout n’a peut-être pas été essayé. Dans un effort pour trouver un dénominateur commun et pour proposer une solution à l’impasse actuelle, cette recherche repose sur le rapprochement du régime de protection des indications géographiques, au régime de protection des droits de l’Homme. Non pas dans une perspective moralisatrice mais bien dans un effort pour déduire des solutions concrètes quant à la portée de la protection internationale des IG et du rôle des Etats dans la mise en œuvre de ces outils de propriété intellectuelle. L’article 15.1 c) du Pacte sur les droits économiques, sociaux et culturels prévoit : « Chacun a droit à la protection de ses intérêts moraux et matériels découlant de toute production scientifique, littéraire ou artistique dont il est l’auteur ». L’activation de cet article pourrait permettre de voir en les détenteurs d’IG non pas seulement les sujets bénéficiaires de la protection mais les sujets destinataires de politiques publiques. Il y aurait un donc un « droit de » bénéficier d’une certaine protection des IG et un « droit à » certaines prestations publiques. Au-delà de ce cadre en apparence rigide, le recours au droit international des droits de l’Homme rend la recherche d’un équilibre entre les droits de détenteurs IG et les droits du public plus intégratrice d’enjeux multiples et indispensable à la légitimité du régime multilatéral de protection des IGSince two decades, the international protection of geographical indications is characterized by a “blockage” in the negotiations at the World Trade Organization opposing the countries favorable to the protection of geographical indications to countries more skeptical in this regard. Deriving from a compromise between the European conception of the protection of GIs and the American one, the minimum standards of TRIPS have revealed the different legal options in this field and have resulted in a passionate debate over the appropriate role of the State. History shows that the advocacy for, or indictment against one or the other way of protecting GIs focuses essentially on the philosophy of protection in one or the other territories. As a reminder, the European Union “culture” is to protect industries far too exposed to competition while the American “culture” is to preserve economic freedom of operators and to grant monopoly on a geographical name only where such name has been tested on the market and is recognized by the “public” as having a geographical anchorage. Equally compelling, neither of these philosophies has allowed reaching the most acceptable balance for GI regime. This work seeks to transcend them. It bets that everything has not been tried yet, at least from a legal perspective. In order to find a common solution and a way forward to multilateral protection of geographical indications, the paper relies on the culture of “human rights”, not really with a view to “moralize” the field of study but more to deduct practical answers deriving from the international human rights law. As a matter of fact, article 15.1 c) of the Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights provides that “The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone […] to benefit from the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author”. The activation of this article could allow approaching geographical indications operators, not only as beneficiaries of certain rights but also as beneficiaries of public policies. By virtue of article 15.1 c), there shall be a right to benefit from the GI protection (“right-liberty”) but also, a right to claim certain public policies (“right-debt”) in this regard. Beyond this seemingly strict framework for GIs, the reference to international human rights law proves to beneficial to the necessary balance between the rights of GI operators and the rights of the public. Incidentally, this balance is inclusive of multiple issues which is essential to the legitimacy of the multilateral regime of protection of GIs
38
Skorini, Heini Í. "Human rights language as a double-edged sword : examining the clash on freedom of expression and defamation of religions in the UN system". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/human-rights-language-as-a-doubleedged-sword(f2ea3353-6a85-4d12-892f-0b51050d9574).html.
Abstract (sommario):
The global debate on the tensions between religious sensitivities and the right to freedom of expression has intensified over the last few years. From the Rushdie affair and the Danish cartoon affair to the Charlie Hebdo massacre in Paris and controversial legislation against blasphemy and hate speech, the debate on freedom of expression visà- vis religion has divided public opinion throughout the world. This dispute has been particularly visible in the UN system, which adopted several resolutions condemning "defamation of religions” between 1999 and 2010. The sponsor of these resolutions has been the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), an intergovernmental organization comprising 57 member states in the Muslim-majority world, and OIC’s explicit ambition has been to redefine international free speech norms and outlaw religious defamation, either by adopting new legal instruments or by broadening the meaning of existing provisions in international law. By framing religious defamation as a human rights violation, the OIC has argued that defamatory speech targeting religions is a manifestation of e.g. racism, hate speech as well as a global security threat. On the other hand, OIC’s critics have argued that OIC’s leading member states are promoting and internationalizing authoritarian domestic censorship norms. On the basis of the norms literature in International Relations and inspired by normative theory, this project examines how the different actors in the UN system frame their arguments in different ways; how they compete to define and redefine the content of “universal human rights” and how liberal and secular human rights terminology is being used to legitimize rivalling political agendas. The thesis argues that human rights language is a double-edged sword which can be used to empower individuals and dissenting minorities, but it can also be used to bolster state authorities and cultural orthodoxy at the expense of dissenting individuals and deviating minorities.
39
Echeverria, Gabriela. "The UN Principles and Guidelines on Reparation : is there an enforceable right to reparation for victims of human rights and international humanitarian law violations?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20021/.
Abstract (sommario):
The present thesis evaluates the international legal standing of the right to a remedy and reparation contained in the UN Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of Human Rights and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law. It focuses on two aspects of the right to a remedy and reparation. First, it examines the application of state responsibility principles to the relationship between states and individuals when human rights and international humanitarian law violations are committed. Secondly, it analyses the convergence of norms of state liability in different branches of international law: human rights law, the law on diplomatic protection, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law. It advances the proposition that state responsibility for reparation in favour of individuals has crystallised in international law. The thesis is divided in four chapters. The first is an introductory chapter. It defines the scope and objective of the study, and identifies and maps the existing scholarly positions on the right to a remedy and reparation for individuals under international law. Chapter 2 describes the law of state responsibility for injuries to aliens and its relationship to the right to reparation in human rights law. Chapter 3 explores the right to reparation for international humanitarian law violations. As a conclusion, Chapter 4 assesses whether the Principles and Guidelines reflect the standards of international law previously analysed. It looks at whether principles of state responsibility can apply to the relationship between individuals and states – a basic presumption of this instrument that was also one of the main sources of contention during the drafting and adoption process at the UN. It concludes that individuals can invoke state responsibility directly under contemporary international law through an actionable right to reparation for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law that constitute international wrongful acts.
40
Asano, Camila Lissa. "Comportamento dos Estados em instituições internacionais: padrões de votação na Comissão de Direitos Humanos da ONU (1995-2005)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-18092009-143113/.
Abstract (sommario):
O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar o comportamento dos Estados em instituições internacionais por meio do estudo de caso da Comissão de Direitos Humanos (CDH) da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). O comportamento dos Estados foi deduzido a partir de seus votos na CDH, mais precisamente, a análise dos padrões convergentes e divergentes entre os votos dos Estados-Membros da Comissão entre 1995 e 2005. A partir do trabalho empírico, buscou-se responder à questão de pesquisa se haveria padrões de votação que permitissem identificar comportamentos dos Estados na Comissão. Os resultados encontrados fornecem subsídios para que determinados comportamentos sejam identificados e novas questões de pesquisa sejam elaboradas.This research aimed to analyze the performance of the States in international institutions based on a case study on the United Nations (UN) Commission on Human Rights (CHR). The States´ votes were used as the main source of information to compare their behavior at the Commission, more precisely, to analyze the converging and diverging voting patterns among the Commission Member-States from 1995 to 2005. The research question that guided this study was if there the CHR would present voting patterns that allow the identification of States´ behavior in it. The results of the empirical study provide inputs for certain behaviors to be identified and for new research questions to be raised.
41
Perruso, Camila. "Le droit à un environnement sain en droit international". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D050.
Abstract (sommario):
La présente thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la portée du droit à un environnement sain en droit international. Ce droit de l’Homme est appréhendé comme étant le résultat d’interactions entre le droit international des droits de l’Homme et le droit international de l’environnement ainsi qu’entre différents ensembles normatifs de protection des droits de l’Homme. Ce droit assiste à un essor remarquable au sein des États et des systèmes de protection des droits de l’Homme. En retraçant les différentes étapes de son développement progressif, cette thèse s’attache à en identifier les contours, tant sur le plan formel que sur le plan matériel. Elle envisage ensuite la mise en œuvre de ce droit au travers des obligations qui s’y rapportent et le contrôle qui peut en être réalisé. Il en ressort que les conditions sont désormais réunies pour en reconnaître la portée universelle. De surcroît, cette thèse envisage le droit à un environnement sain comme étant l’une des réponses possibles à la crise environnementale qui invite à un renouvellement des rapports que l’Homme entretient avec la nature. C’est à la lumière de cette perspective axiologique que le droit à un environnement sain est alors analyséThis thesis is devoted to study the scope of the right to a healthy environment in international law. This human right is apprehended as the result of interactions between international human rights law and international environmental law as well as among different normative ensembles for the protection of human rights. This right is witnessing a remarkable rise within countries and legal systems of human rights protection. By retracing the various stages of its progressive development, this thesis aims to identify its contours, both formally and materially. It then considers the implementation of this right through the related obligations and the control that can be achieved. As a result, it seems fair to suggest that the conditions are now in place to recognise its universal scope. In addition, this thesis considers the right to a healthy environment as one of the possible responses to the environmental crisis which calls for a renewal of the relationships that humans have with nature. It is in the light of this axiological perspective that the right to a healthy environment is analysed
42
Lebedeva, Alexandra. "Deconstruction of the UN Discourse on Transitional Justice : An Understanding of Justice and Reconciliation through Derrida’s Concepts". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275276.
Abstract (sommario):
The present thesis seeks to problematize the UN discourse within transitional justice. Many scholars have pointed out that the discourse has been normalised and that is why it is in need for deconstruction. The study aims to critically analyse how justice and reconciliation are understood in the field. For the purpose of the study Derrida’s concepts on justice and forgiveness have been chosen as theoretical frameworks. The method of study is a deconstructive analysis, based on Derrida’s notion of deconstruction. The method implies analysis of language of the research material, i.e. four UN reports regarding transitional justice from 2004, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The study has shown, firstly, that the rule of law concept is closely connected with the idea of justice and, secondly, justice is often reduced to accountability. That in turn explains the dominance of the juridical instruments in transitional justice processes. Apart from this, based on Derrida’s concept of forgiveness, reconciliation and mechanisms applied represent a conditional forgiveness, seeking to re-establish normality. Another problem is that reconciliation is not sufficiently approached in the reports. Nevertheless, the history of the transitional justice development has shown that there is a potential for further changes and that is why it necessary to continue question the established norms. Finally, deconstruction analysis has proved to be an adequate method for analysing transitional justice discourses and contributed to a nuanced analysis. The use of two languages, English and Russian versions of the reports allowed to identify and visualise some conceptual constructions that could otherwise have been missing.
43
George, Rachel. "From contestation to convergence? : a constructivist critique of the impact of UN Human Rights Treaty ratification on interpretations of Islam in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3722/.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis discusses UN human rights treaty ratification in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Ratification of human rights treaties by most GCC countries, often with extensive reservations concerning the compatibility of certain provisions with Islam, has generated international debate about the applicability of international human rights norms in an Islamic context. With poor compliance records, GCC cases are seen to demonstrate that global human rights norms fail to diffuse and take hold in specific local contexts. This thesis disputes this claim by arguing that normative change can be observed in these cases. It offers a constructivist critique of “norm diffusion” literature by focusing on changes in language and ideas, rather than on legal changes and implementation. Using the cases of the Convention Against Torture, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the thesis identifies when and how language and ideas about Islam and human rights have been shaped by UN conceptualizations of rights as a result of GCC engagement with these treaties. Examining both Arabic and English sources and carrying out analysis of the discourses in UN documents, employing legal analysis of recent constitutional documents and laws, and through interview research, the thesis demonstrates how arguments about Islam and human rights in the GCC have been shaped by treaty engagement since the 1990s. By demonstrating ratification’s impact on GCC actors’ use of UN human rights vocabulary and concepts within an Islamic context, the thesis argues that ratification matters more than the conventional literature suggests. It concludes that, even in cases that human rights treaties have failed to result in improved practices, they have contributed to the framing of interpretations of Islam alongside UN human rights concepts, a process that is worthy of greater scholarly attention.
44
Anvari, Mohammad Ali. "La protection et la promotion des droits de l'homme en Asie du Sud-Est : un système régional inachevé". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAD006.
Abstract (sommario):
Les arrangements régionaux jouent un rôle essentiel dans la protection et la promotion des droits de l’homme. Compte tenu du fait qu’il y a beaucoup de similitudes sociales, politiques, économiques et historiques entre les gens qui vivent dans une région spécifique, la création de mécanismes régionaux de protection des droits de l’homme doit, en principe, être plus facile que celle des mécanismes universels. De même, des mécanismes régionaux sont plus efficaces que ceux universels. Les systèmes de droits de l’homme établis en Europe et en Amérique fournissent des exemples réussis de systèmes régionaux. L’Asie, le plus grand et le plus peuplé continent du monde, est la seule région qui ne dispose pas d’un mécanisme développé et bien établi de droits de l’homme. Cependant, des efforts ont récemment été faits pour créer un mécanisme des droits de l’homme dans le cadre de l’ASEAN. La présente recherche tente d’étudier la situation juridique de la protection régional des droits de l’homme en Asie du Sud et, à cet effet, les matériaux ont été divisés en deux Parties. La première Partie analyse les organes existants relatifs aux droits de l’homme et des instruments dans la région de l’Asie du Sud-Est, et la deuxième Partie examine les raisons pour lesquelles un véritable ménanisme en matière de droits de l’homme n’a pas encore vu le jour dans la régionUndoubtedly, regional arrangements play an essential role in the protection and promotion of human rights. Given the fact that there are many social, political, economic and historical similarities among people who live in a specific region, the creation of regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights should, in principle, be much easier than that of universal mechanisms. By the same token, regional mechanisms are more efficient than universal ones. The human rights systems established in Europe and America provide successful examples of regional systems. Asia, as the world's largest and most populous continent, is the only region which does not have a developed and well-established human rights mechanism. However, efforts have been recently made to create a human rights machinery within the framework of ASEAN. The present study attempts to present a comprehensive picture of legal situation for the regional protection of human rights in the Southeast Asia and, for this purpose, materials have been divided in two Parts. Part I analyse the existing human rights bodies and instruments in the Southeast Asia, and Part II tries to identify the reasons why a developed system has not yet come into existence in the region
45
Olsen, Rebecca. "Statlige selskaper & Menneskerettigheter : En kritisk analyse av likestilling i den internasjonale og nasjonale retten". Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, Avdelningen för mänskliga rättigheter och demokrati, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-1311.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis will investigate The Norwegian state and state-owned businesses positive obligations to fulfill the protection of equality and non-discrimination under international and regional jurisdiction. Particularly, women rights in general and women of ethnic minority’s rights. A positive critical legal method, based on a feminist theory, will be used to analyze the United Nation, European and Norwegian regulations. To illustrate the laws in practice the thesis will look at court decisions from both European Court Justice (ECJ), Norwegian Gender Equality Tribunal and The Norwegian Supreme Court. Even though the regulations exist, there is still a problem with respecting women’s rights in Norwegian society in general and in labour market. What is interesting to investigate is therefore the reason behind the disrespect, and to look for sustainable opportunities to include women’s experiences in the traditional jurisdiction. The conclusion is that there is space for implementation of women’s rights in human rights, and a transformation of the existing traditional legal system to “engender” the “mainstream” legal system is in place.
46
Деревянко, Богдан Володимирович, Bogdan Derevyanko e Богдан Владимирович Деревянко. "Захист прав людини та міжнародні організації – історія становлення і перспективи реформування". Thesis, Київ: ДНДІ МВС України, 2020. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10204.
Abstract (sommario):
У тезах доповіді вказано, що прийняття Загальної декларації прав людини, Міжнародних пактів та протоколів до них виступило перевагою ООН над Лігою націй і частково дозволило зберігати мир на планеті та забезпечувати дотримання прав людини у більшості держав світу. Принаймні людство поки що утримується від повноцінної «третьої світової війни». Але сьогодні ООН стає такою самою малоефективною організацією, як свого часу Ліга націй. На нашу думку, ефективно запобігти глобальним світовим конфліктам і війнам, ефективно протистояти сучасним державам-агресорам можливо буде через прийняття додаткових міжнародних актів, які у розвиток положень про права людини запровадять жорсткі обовʼязки держав із жорсткими санкціями до держав-порушниць. І сама ООН має бути реформована в ефективнішу організацію. Логічно, щоб ця організація разом із новим правовим статусом, складом учасників, їх компетенцією, новим порядком прийняття рішень тощо отримала і нову назву.The abstracts of the report state that the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenants and Protocols to them was an advantage of the UN over the League of Nations and partially allowed to maintain peace on the planet and ensure human rights in most countries. At least humanity is still refraining from a full-fledged "Third World War." But today the UN is becoming as ineffective as the League of Nations. In our opinion, it will be possible to effectively prevent global world conflicts and wars, to effectively resist modern aggressor states through the adoption of additional international acts that will impose strict obligations on states with severe sanctions against violating states in the development of human rights provisions. And the UN needs to be reformed into a more effective organization. It is logical that this organization, together with the new legal status, composition of participants, their competence, new decision-making procedure, etc., should be given a new name.
47
Doski, Zeerak. "Le juge administratif irakien, les Droits de l'Homme et le droit à un procès équitable". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH10/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse analyse la question du rapport entre la juridiction administrative et les droits de l’homme en Irak et au Kurdistan. Dans une première partie j’analyse l’influence de l’idéologie des droits de l’homme sur l’organisation de la justice irakienne. Les questions traitées sont diverses : le rôle joué par l’occident dans la promotion des droits de l’homme, l’internationalisation de la protection des droits de l’homme, la constitution irakienne, etc. Je montre comment la justice administrative irakienne essaie, sous l’influence du droit français, essentiellement, de progresser malgré les séquelles de la guerre et comment le juge administratif tente d’appliquer les principes des droits de l’homme, sans toujours s’y référer formellement.La question de l’indépendance de la magistrature aura sa place dans mon travail, car la question est objet de beaucoup de polémiques en Irak. Puis au niveau des droits de l’homme j’introduis par un exposé sur la signification philosophique des Droits de l’Homme et des droits fondamentaux, les générations des Droits de l’Homme et leur protection internationale.Dans la deuxième partie qui est plus pratique et opérationnelle j’expose la notion du droit à un procès équitable et j’essaie de montrer comment, là aussi, malgré la non intégration de cette notion en droit positif irakien le juge administratif l’applique et parfois de manière courageuse. Je traite la question de l’influence de l’idéologie des droits de l’homme sur l’organisation de la justice irakienne, puis diverses questions comme l’évolution de la justice administrative française (les recours au fond, les procédures de référé, le renforcement des pouvoirs du juge administratif au niveau du contrôle de la légalité interne. Dans cette partie j’analyse de manière comparée de multiples arrêts irakiens pour montrer à chaque fois comment le juge irakien progresse, quoique en imitant, voire en mimant le juge français, ce qui n’est pas rien. C’est un grand effort car le juge français reste dans le monde arabe la référence sur le plan du respect des droits de l’homme. La notion de police administrative occupe une place importante en raison du rapport bien étroit entre police administrative et droits de l’hommeThis thesis analyzes the question of the relationship between the administrative jurisdiction and human rights in Iraq and Kurdistan. In the first part I analyze the influence of the ideology of human rights on the organization of the Iraqi justice. The issues are diverse: the role played by the West in promoting human rights, the internationalization of the protection of human rights, the new Iraqi constitution (2005), etc. I show how the Iraqi administrative justice tries, under the influence of French law, essentially, to progress despite the aftermath of war and how the administrative judge tries to apply the principles of human rights, without always formally refer.The question of the independence of the judiciary will have its place in my work, because the question is the subject of much controversy in Iraq. Then at the level of human rights I introduce a presentation on the philosophical significance of human rights and fundamental rights, the generations of human rights and their international protection.In the second part, which is more practical and operational, I expose the notion of the right to a fair trial and I try to show how, again, despite the non-integration of this concept into positive Iraqi law, the administrative judge applies it and sometimes bravely. I deal with the question of the influence of the ideology of human rights on the organization of the Iraqi justice, then various questions like the evolution of the French administrative justice (the recourse to abuse power, the urgent proceedings, the reinforcement of the powers of the administrative judge in the control of the internal legality. In this part I analyze in a comparative way of multiple Iraqi cases to show each time how the Iraqi judge progresses, although by imitating, even miming the French judge. This is a big effort because the French judge remains in the Arab world the reference in terms of respect for human rights.Indeed the concept of administrative police occupies an important place in my thesis because of the close relationship between administrative police and human rights
48
Brevis, Cartes Priscilla Alejandra. "Interpretación multicultural de los derechos humanos. Un acercamiento desde la hermenéutica filosófica". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672282.
Abstract (sommario):
El multiculturalismo es revisado en la tesis de doctorado para analizar el desafío que representa para los derechos humanos. La tesis de doctorado postula a la filosofía hermenéutica para la comprensión del derecho en general, haciendo un análisis ontológico del mismo. Se propone así una salida iusfilosófica a la problemática del potencial etnocentrismo inmerso en los derechos humanos, y mediante una reflexión crítica se aborda su interpretación desde una perspectiva multicultural. En ese sentido se revisan textos internacionales y sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos para, desde la praxis jurídica, analizar el respeto por la diversidad cultural. Se construye por ello un criterio de interpretación partiendo de la hermenéutica diatópica. El objetivo de dicho criterio es guiar los distintos caminos interpretativos en la dirección del diálogo multicultural. De este modo, la propuesta filosófica es que el derecho mismo es interpretación, y puede ser comprendido fecundamente desde la perspectiva de la filosofía hermenéutica, y la propuesta jurídica es la formulación de un criterio interpretativo multicultural para los derechos humanos, el hermenéutico diatópico.El multiculturalisme és revisat en la tesi de doctorat per a analitzar el desafiament que representa per als drets humans. La tesi de doctorat postula a la filosofia hermenèutica per a la comprensió del dret en general, fent una anàlisi ontològica d'aquest. Es proposa així una sortida iusfilosòfica a la problemàtica del potencial etnocentrisme immers en els drets humans, i mitjançant una reflexió crítica s'aborda la seva interpretació des d'una perspectiva multicultural. En aquest sentit es revisen textos internacionals i sentències de la Cort Interamericana de Drets Humans, per a des de la praxi jurídica, analitzar el respecte per la diversitat cultural. Es construeix per això un criteri d'interpretació partint de l'hermenèutica diatòpica. L'objectiu d'aquest criteri és guiar els diferents camins interpretatius en la direcció del diàleg multicultural. D'aquesta manera, la proposta filosòfica és que el dret mateix és interpretació, i pot ser comprès fecundament des de la perspectiva de la filosofia hermenèutica, i la proposta jurídica, és la formulació d'un criteri interpretatiu multicultural per als drets humans, l'hermenèutic diatòpic.
Multiculturalism is reviewed in this doctoral thesis in order to analyze the challenge represented by human rights. This doctoral thesis proposes hermeneutic philosophy as a means to understand law in general, through an ontological analysis of itself. It thus suggests a jusphilosophical solution to the issue of potential ethnocentrism immersed in human rights, and its interpretation is addressed through a critical reflection from a multicultural perspective. In this sense, international documents and sentences of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights are reviewed, in order to analyze the respect for diversity from the legal praxis. Therefore, an interpretation criterion is constructed, based on diatopical hermeneutics. The aim of such criterion is to guide the different interpretation options towards multicultural dialogue. Thus, the philosophical proposal is that law itself is interpretation, and can be fully understood from the perspective of the hermeneutical philosophy. Additionally, the legal proposal is the development of a multicultural interpretation criterion for human rights, the diatopical hermeneutic criterion.
49
Barcons, Campmajó Maria. "Los matrimonios forzados en el estado español: un análisis socio-jurídico desde la perspectiva de género". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666691.
Abstract (sommario):
El objetivo de la investigación es analizar, desde una perspectiva feminista, la problemática de los matrimonios forzados en el Estado español y, especialmente en Cataluña, para dilucidar qué actuaciones de prevención, detección, actuación y erradicación se están implementando.
A lo largo de la presenta tesis, se indaga acerca de las conceptualizaciones del matrimonio forzado, como problemática y soluciones adoptadas; se analiza la realidad y detecta los principales obstáculos y dificultades que experimentan las y los profesionales de las diversas administraciones públicas y de entidades en relación a los matrimonios forzados, así como las dificultades que experimentan las mujeres víctimas de matrimonios forzados; se analiza el marco normativo y las políticas públicas existentes en el Estado español y en Cataluña.
Los matrimonios forzados son una vulneración de los derechos humanos y una manifestación de violencia contra las mujeres (violencia de género). En consecuencia, diferentes estados europeos han diseñado e implementado políticas públicas que tienen en cuenta esta violencia de género y legislado al respecto. En el Estado español, a diferencia de otros estados europeos, es una realidad poco conocida y se ha incorporado escasa legislación y políticas públicas específicas.
Los matrimonios forzados son una violencia de género por diversas razones: en primer lugar, la gran mayoría de víctimas son mujeres, aproximadamente un 85% de los casos; en segundo lugar, las consecuencias de un matrimonio forzado tienen un fuerte impacto de género, ya que son ellas las que con el matrimonio forzado sufren otras violencias como abusos sexuales, violaciones y violencias psicológicas; y en tercer lugar, no son las mismas consecuencias para un hombre que para una mujer. Esto es así dada la situación de desigualdad económica, laboral y de roles de género que hombres y mujeres tienen en nuestra sociedad y en sus comunidades.The aim of the research is to analyse from a feminist perspective the problem of forced marriages in Spain, in particular in Catalonia, to identify which preventive, detection and combating strategies have been implemented. During this thesis, the different diagnosis of forced marriages and their responses have been studied: it is also studied the main obstacles and difficulties encountered by professionals from the administration and civil society when dealing with cases of forced marriages, and also the difficulties of women victims of forced marriages; it is also analysed the current legal framework and the public policies in Spain and Catalonia. Forced marriages constitute a violation of several human rights and a form of violence against women (gender violence). Consequently, different European countries have designed and implemented public policies taking into account this form of gender violence. In Spain, unlike other European countries, forced marriages are quite unknown and few specific legislation and public policies have been passed. Forced marriages are a form of gender violence because several reasons: first, the majority of victims are women, approximately 85 per cent of the cases; second, the consequences of forced marriages have a strong gender impact, since women suffer other forms of gender violence when entering a forced marriages such as sexual abuse, rapes and psychological violence; and third, the consequences are not the same for women and men. This is due to the economic and labour inequality and different gender roles that women and men experiment in our society and within its communities.
50
Patring, Kristina. "Corporate social responsibility and human rights; : An examination of the Swedish National Contact Point of the OECD and other possible alternatives". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Etik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181785.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis firstly attempts to provide a theoretical basis for how the complex cases related to corporate misbehaviour in relation to human rights respect should be handled. Secondly, it attempts to critically examine how well the Swedish National Contact Point (SNCP) functionsin relation to its goals through the usage of elite interviews. Thirdly and finally it also explores the interest of concerned stakeholders in finding other non-judicial conflictmanagement mechanisms for cases within the CSR – human rights nexus at other mediation institutions such as the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) and/or the InternationalChamber of Commerce (ICC). The thesis argues that it is possible and advisable to apply Dworkin’s idea of hard cases to the conflictual cases appearing within CSR-human rights nexus in Sweden. It directs criticism towards the usage of opaque social pressure currently applied when hard cases within the CSR-human rights nexus are to be solved. It argues that usage of such pressure both makes it hard to follow up on decisions made and makes it questionable whether victims of human rights abuses related to corporate conduct are provided with effective access to remedy. It suggests that Dworkin’s general principles of equal respect and concern is a least common denominator for the demands placed on conflict management mechanisms within the CSRhuman rights nexus by both relevant soft law instruments and respondents in the elite interviews carried out for the thesis. As a result of the interview survey the thesis draws the conclusion that the SNCP to a major extent seems to have failed in the fulfilment of its goals and the expectations placed upon it as stipulated by the OECD 2000 guidelines. What is more the SNCP seems little equipped to meet the requirements of the 2011 version of the OECD guidelines and the UN Guiding Principles unless some sincere and large scale efforts are made by the Swedish government and other concerned parties in the SNC’s regeneration. The thesis found the interest among concerned stakeholders for alternative conflict management mechanisms at the SCC and the ICC to be generally low. Respondents generally thought that the challenges for such private institutions to procure the confidence of both sides in a conflict would be too difficult for them to overcome.