Articoli di riviste: "U.S. vs. Germany"

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Giergiel, Sabina. "Ciało, trup, śmierć w utworze Götz i Meyer Davida Albahariego". Slavica Wratislaviensia 168 (18 aprile 2019): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.168.47.

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Body, corpse and death in David Albahari’s Gotz and MeyerThe article investigates the broadly understood record of Jewish death that emerges from the text of the Serbian prose writer David Albahari. Emphasizing the dominance of economy in the Nazi system, the author indicates those procedures described in Albahari’s book which justify such an assessment e.g. human reification, the body as debris, technical syntax used by German officials. Additionally, these considerations on death representation are supplemented with an endeavor to establish the Belgrade dwellers’ attitude towards the fortunes of the Jews. According to the author, the novel explicitly marks the spatial opposition enclosure vs. opening, the camp vs. the city center that is reinforced by the river, which during World War II divided the capital into Zemun belonging to the Independent State of Croatia, also the place where the camp was situated and Belgrade’s Serbian center. This demarcation intensifies the victims’ feelings of separation and loneliness, at the same time enabling the capital’s dwellers to occupy a comfortable position of bystanders. Telo, mrtvac, smrt u romanu Gec i Majer Davida AlbaharijaRad se bavi vidovima smrti u romanu Gec i Majer Davida Albaharija. Pokazuje mehanizme koje potvrđuju opštepoznatu činjenicu da je u nacističkom sistemu dominirala ekonomija. U te mehanizme se ubrajaju, između ostalih: reifikacija čoveka, tretiranje tela kao otpada i tehnička leksika koju upotrebljavaju nemački funkcioneri. Analiza uključuje i pokušaj odgovora na pitanje kakav je bio odnos stanovnika Beograda prema sudbini Jevreja. Istraživanje pokazuje prostornu opoziciju zatvoren i otvoren prostor, logor i centar grada. Nju naglašava reka koja je za vreme Drugog svetskog rata delila srpsku prestonicu na Zemun, gde je bio smešten logor, a koji je pripadao NDH, i srpski centar Beograda. Ova granica je vezana za osećaj separacije i usamljenost žrtava, s jedne starne, i udobnost i bajstander-efekat stanovnika prestonice, s druge strane

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Weirich, Melanie, e Adrian Simpson. "Effects of Gender, Parental Role, and Time on Infant- and Adult-Directed Read and Spontaneous Speech". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, n. 11 (22 novembre 2019): 4001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-19-0047.

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Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.

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May, Matthias, Philipp Spachmann, Steffen Lebentrau, Harald Schumacher, Christian Gilfrich, Hans-Martin Fritsche, Malte Vetterlein et al. "Fühlen sich Chirurgen gerüstet für die komplexen Fragestellungen im Umgang mit multiresistenten Erregern? – Ergebnisse der Fragebogenstudie MR2". Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 142, n. 03 (giugno 2017): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-120546.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Es liegen derzeit keine Untersuchungen darüber vor, welchen Kenntnisstand Chirurgen im Vergleich mit Nichtchirurgen über multiresistente Erreger (MRE) und den rationalen Einsatz von Antibiotika haben (Antibiotic Stewardship/ABS). Methode Im Rahmen der MR2-Studie (Multiinstitutional Reconnaissance of practice with MultiResistant bacteria – a survey focussing on German hospitals) wurde ein Fragebogen mit 4 + 35 Punkten in 18 deutschen Krankenhäusern an Urologen, Internisten, Gynäkologen und Chirurgen verteilt. Mit multivariaten logistischen Regressionsmodellen wurde der Einfluss der Fachrichtung auf verschiedene prädeterminierte Endpunkte geprüft. Ergebnisse Es konnten 456 auswertbare Fragebögen analysiert werden, wobei sich die Rücklaufquote bei Chirurgen (156/330, 47%) und Nichtchirurgen (300/731, 41%) nur insignifikant unterschied (p = 0,061). Chirurgen gaben in der Selbsteinschätzung im Vergleich mit Nichtchirurgen eine signifikant geringere Sicherheit bei der korrekten Wahl von Dosierung, Frequenz und Dauer der Antibiotikagabe (p = 0,005), der Entscheidung einer intravenösen vs. oralen Antibiotikaverordnung (p = 0,005) sowie der korrekten Interpretation der mikrobiologischen Befunde (p = 0,023) an. Sowohl Chirurgen als auch Nichtchirurgen schätzten ihr Wissen zu ABS als gering ein. Die Kenntnis der lokalen E.-coli-Resistenz gegen Ciprofloxacin unterschied sich zwischen Chirurgen und Nichtchirurgen nur insignifikant (27,6 vs. 35,3% waren in der richtigen Kategorie; p = 0,114), wobei 64% der Chirurgen diese lokalen Resistenzen unterschätzten. Beide Gruppen sahen in dem häufigen Einsatz von Breitspektrumantibiotika ein wesentliches Problem, das für die Zunahme von MRE verantwortlich ist. Andererseits wurde das gewählte Fallbeispiel einer stark symptomatischen Patientin mit unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfektion von beiden Gruppen ähnlich häufig mit einem Breitspektrumantibiotikum behandelt (34,0 vs. 29,3%; p = 0,331). Gemäß der multivariaten Modelle besuchten Chirurgen im Vergleich zu Nichtchirurgen in den letzten 12 Monaten nicht häufiger eine Weiterbildungsveranstaltung zum Thema der MRE/ABS und gaben auch keine bessere Qualität ihrer Klinikepikrisen hinsichtlich der exakten Auflistung von MRE an. Schlussfolgerungen Es sollten in den Kliniken obligat ABS-Programme implementiert werden, die u. a. eine regelmäßige Fortbildung der Kollegen unabhängig von ihrer Fachrichtungen vorsehen.

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Triantafyllias, K., M. Bach, S. Boegel e A. Schwarting. "OP0297 DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF LABIAL MINOR SALIVARY GLAND BIOPSY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME: HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS OF 678 BIOPSIES AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH LABORATORY MARKERS, CLINICAL AND PATIENT ASSOCIATED PARAMETERS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 maggio 2022): 197.1–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1988.

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BackgroundHistologic findings of salivary gland biopsy are a crucial part of the current ACR-EULAR classification criteria of Sjögren’s cyndrome (SS) (1). Particularly, the finding of a focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (focus score ≥ 1/4 mm2) corresponds to 3 scoring points out of 4 needed to reach a positive classification for SS [1]. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that salivary gland biopsy can provide prognostic information regarding systemic involvement and the development of lymphoma in the context of the disease.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the minor labial salivary gland (MLSG) biopsy findings of a large SS cohort and to examine their associations with disease specific laboratory markers, clinical and patient associated parameters.MethodsWe included all patients from two large rheumatological medical departments in Germany having undergone a diagnostic MLSG between 01/2010 and 12/2019. The data have been collected partly in a retrospective and party in a prospective manner. Next to the examination of histological results we focused on activity and chronicity parameters of the underlying disease, autoantibodies, presence of systemic and haematological involvement, as well as on current and previous comorbidities. The statistical analyses included sensitivity and specificity examinations via receiver operating characteristics (ROC), correlation analyses, Mann-Whitney-U-Tests and ANOVA.ResultsIn total, 678 patients have been included (615 ♀, median age 55 years [47-63, IQR]). 306 patients (45.1%) had a positive focus score. The remaining 372 patients with a negative focus score served as a control group. There were significant correlations between the level of the focus score and nicotine use (p=0.002), hypergammaglobulinemia [1.27 (0.71-3.36, IQR) vs. 0.73 (0.0-0.76, IQR); p<0.001], ANA positivity [1.18 (0.11-3, IQR) vs. 0.64 (0-1.34, IQR); p<0.001] and rheumatoid factor positivity (p<0.001). Moreover, focus score levels correlated significantly with disease modifying antirheumatic treatment [1 (0-2.34, IQR) vs. 0.87 (0-1.8, IQR); p=0.004] and weakly significantly with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0.235, p<0.001).Within the group of patients with primary SS there were significant correlations between the level of the focus score and presence of systemic involvement [2 (1.1 - 4, IQR) vs. 1.44 (1-2.62, IQR); p=0.015], glandular involvement [4 (2.98-6.2, IQR) vs. 0.72 (1.6-3, IQR); p=0.007] and haematologic manifestations (p=0.002). SSA-antibodies showed the best diagnostic performance compared to MLSG, as examined by ROC (Table 1).Table 1.Diagnostic value of SSA-antibodies, Sicca, Schirmer´s and Saxon´s test compared to minor labial salivary gland biopsy findings (reference focus score ≥ 1/ 4 mm2)SpecificitySensitivityArea under the curveSSA-Ro antibodies88.2%43.4%0.658Sicca15%91.9%0.535Schirmer´s test27.3%73%0.507Saxons´s test57.9%39%0.541Interestingly enough, among 159 patients who were admitted due to the diagnosis of primary fibromyalgia (FM), 63 (39.6%) could be diagnosed with SS on the basis of histologic findings and the ACR-EULAR classification criteria.ConclusionBy examining one of the largest cohorts in the literature we could show that MLSG biopsy findings not only play a key role in the classification and diagnosis of SS, but could also provide important information regarding the presence of a systemic, glandular or haematological involvement. Furthermore, MLSG can help differentiate patients with FM and other chronic pain disorders from patients with subclinical SS who suffer primarily from chronic pain.References[1]Shiboski CH, et al. International Sjögren’s Syndrome Criteria Working Group. 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Jan;69(1):35-45.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Arnold, S., J. Mahrhold, A. Kerstein-Staehle, E. Csernok, B. Hellmich, N. Venhoff, J. Thiel et al. "POS0829 SPECTRUM OF ANCA-SPECIFICITIES IN EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS IN A RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 maggio 2022): 705–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3083.

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BackgroundAnti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) are found in 10-70% of the patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) depending on disease activity, methodological aspects and cohort examined [1-3]. Recently, a higher prevalence of anti-pentraxin 3 (PTX3)-ANCA has been reported in EGPA compared to granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) [4].ObjectivesTo investigate the spectrum of ANCA specificities in a multicenter cohort of patients with EGPA and identify novel ANCA antigens.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 73 patients with EGPA treated between 2015 and 2020 in 3 tertiary referral centers. In addition to in-house ANCA testing with indirect immunofluorescence (IFT) on fixed human granulocytes and antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), ANCA specificities were determined using a cell-based assay (CBA; Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). Diagnosis was based on Chapel Hill consensus conference definitions, ACR- and MIRRA-criteria for EGPA. Patient characteristics and clinical manifestations were evaluated and compared based on ANCA status. Fisher`s exact test was employed for comparison of patient groups.ResultsANCA findings are summarized in Table 1. MPO- and proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA positive patients (13.7%) had a higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (70% vs. 44.4%, p = 0.0003) and glomerulonephritis (20% vs. 14.3%, not significant). MPO- and PR3-ANCA-negative patients (86.3%) had a higher prevalence of heart (10% vs. 46%, p <0.0001), central nervous system (CNS) (0% vs. 14.3%, p <0.0001) and gastrointestinal (10% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.0327) involvement. PTX3-ANCA were associated with a higher prevalence of ear-nose-throat (ENT) (100% vs. 85.3%, p <0.0001), lung (100% vs. 89.7%, p = 0.0015), gastrointestinal involvement (60% vs. 17.6%, p <0.0001) and peripheral neuropathy (100% vs. 48.5%, p <0.0001). Kidney (0% vs. 16.2%, p <0.0001) and CNS involvement (0% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.0002) occurred less frequently in PTX3-ANCA positive patients. The 2 olfactomedin 4 (OLM4)-ANCA positive patients presented with ENT, lung and kidney involvement, and polyneuropathy, respectively.Table 1.ANCA in EGPA cohort (n = 73). BPI = bactericidal permeability-increasing protein.IFT / ELISANo. of patients (%)P-ANCA11 (15.1)C-ANCA5 (6.8)MPO-ANCA8 (10.9)PR3-ANCA2 (2.7)BPI-ANCA1 (1.4)PTX3-ANCA5 (6.8)OLM4-ANCA2 (2.7)ConclusionWe report on the detection of PTX3-, BPI- and OLM4-ANCA in addition to MPO- and PR3-ANCA in EGPA. OLM4-ANCA has been reported in 2 patients with non-vasculitic inflammatory symptoms previously [5]. Herein, detection of OLM4-ANCA in EGPA is reported for the first time. Our study shows that the presence of ANCA with various specificities other than MPO and PR3 contribute to a higher prevalence of ANCA in EGPA. Moreover, clinical manifestations differ between ANCA-negative EGPA and ANCA-positive EGPA, and between patients with different ANCA-specificities.References[1]Schönermarck U, et al. Prevalence and spectrum of rheumatic diseases associated with proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and myeloperoxidase-ANCA. Rheumatology 2001;40:178-84.[2]Bremer P, et al. Getting rid of MPO-ANCA: a matter of disease subtype. Rheumatology 2013:752-4.[3]Comarmond C, et al. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): clinical characteristics and long-term followup of the 383 patients enrolled in the French Vasculitis Study Group cohort. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65:270-81.[4]Padoan R, et al. IgG anti-Pentraxin 3 antibodies are a novel biomarker of ANCA-associated vasculitis and better identify patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. J Autoimmun 2021;124:102725.[5]Amirbeagi F, et al. Olfactomedin-4 autoantibodies give unusual c-ANCA staining patterns with reactivity to a subpopulation of neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2015;97:181-9.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Mai, Stephan, Jens Wilhelmi e Ulrich Barjenbruch. "WAVE HEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS IN SHALLOW WATERS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n. 32 (19 gennaio 2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.63.

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In shallow waters the wave height distribution significantly differs from Rayleigh distribution during extreme wind conditions. The EurOtop manual (Pullen et al. 2007) recommends the use of a composite Rayleigh-Weibull distribution proposed by Battjes and Groenendijk (2000) in order to describe the wave statistics in shallow waters. A test of this recommendation by using wave measurements with continuously operated radar level gauges at three different sites at the German North Sea coast for comparison revealed the necessity for a change in the parameterization given in the EurOtop manual. References Barjenbruch, U., S. Mai, N. Ohle, and U. Mertinatis. 2002. Monitoring Water Level, Waves and Ice with Radar Gauges, Proceedings of the Hydro 2002 Conference, DHyG, 328-337. Barjenbruch, U., and J. Wilhelmi. 2008. Application of radar gauges to measure the water level and the sea state, Proceedings of 31st International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, 687-695. Battjes, J.A., and H.W. Groenendijk. 2000. Wave height distributions on shallow foreshores, Coastal Engineering, 40, 161-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3839(00)00007-7 Burcharth, H.F., P. Frigaard, J. Uzcanga, J.M. Berenguer, B.G. Madrigal, and J. Villanueva. 1996. Design of the Ciervana breakwater, Bilbao, Advances in coastal structures and breakwaters, Thomas Telford, London, 26-43. Forristall, G. 2008. Offshore LNG terminal designs must overcome complications of shallow water, Oil & Gas Journal, 106(43). IAHR Working Group on Wave Generation and Analysis. 1989. List of Sea-State Parameters, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 115(6), pp. 793-80 http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1989)115:6(793) Klopman, G., and M.J.F. Stive. 1989. Extreme waves and wave loading in shallow water, Proceedings of E&P Forum Workshop: Wave and current kinematics and loading, Paris, Oct. 25-26. Longuet-Higgins, M. S. 1952. On the Statistical Distribution of the Heights of Sea Waves. Journal of Marine Research, 11(3), 245–266. Mai, S. 2008. Statistics of Waves in the Estuaries of the Rivers Ems and Weser - Measurement vs. Numerical Wave Model, Proceedings of the 7th Int. Conf. on Coastal and Port Engineering in Developing Countries COPEDEC, CD-ROM. Nelson, R.C. 1994. Depth limited design wave heights in very flat regions, Coastal Engineering, 23, 43-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(94)90014-0 Pullen, T., N.W.H. Allsop, T. Bruce, A. Kortenhaus, H. Schüttrumpf, and J.W. van der Meer. 2007. EurOtop – Wave Overtopping of Sea Defences and Related Structures: Assessment Manual, Die Küste, 73, 193 pp. (online:

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Korte, Wolfgang, e Jeanette Greiner. "Variables Influencing the the Protein C Pathway Response in Children with ALL." Blood 114, n. 22 (20 novembre 2009): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2986.2986.

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Abstract Abstract 2986 Poster Board II-962 Introduction: The protein C pathway is believed to be a crucial regulator of coagulation. Similar to the adult population, it is of utmost importance in pediatric patients to maintain the balance between pro- and anticoagulatory signals (Petaja and Manco-Johnson 2003). Cancer patients have been shown to have cancer and cancer-therapy associated pathologies of the protein C pathway. (Nijziel, van Oerle et al. 2003; Woodley-Cook, Shin et al. 2006). A test evaluating the response of the protein C pathway after activation of endogenous protein C has been shown to be a sensitive tool to screen for protein C deficiency and APC resistance whereas protein S deficiency is detected less reliably (Toulon, Halbmeyer et al. 2000). This is in line with findings suggesting that any pathology of this assay is related to an increased risk of VTE, independent of the pathology related to the abnormality of the test result (Toulon, Perez et al. 2007). Similarly, patients with idiopathic pregnancy loss were found to have a pathological response independent of the pathology related (Sarig, Lanir et al. 2002). Methods: We therefore evaluated the influence of different variables on the results of the global protein C assay (Pro C Global on a BCS analyzer, Siemens, Marburg, Germany) in 431 children enrolled into the Thrombotect study. The Thrombotect study is a prospective, randomized trial evaluating unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin vs antithrombin replacement for prevention of thromboembolism in children undergoing asparaginase containing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblasic leukaemia within the BFM protocol. A multivariate linear regression analysis on results obtained before treatment was performed (MedCalc 10.0.1). Results: To date (as of 8/09), 720 children have been randomized in the Thrombotect trial. At the time, we had complete data for laboratory evaluation available for 431 children on day 0 of the treatment protocol. Free protein S, IgG antibodies against cardiolipin or phosphatidlyserine, dRVVT, fibrinogen, the presence of F II G20210A, homocystein concentration, Lp(a) concentration and PAI-1 activity had no predictive value towards the protein C pathway assay result in this multivariate analysis. In contrast, the protein C pathway activity was expectedly shown to be dependent on the presence of the F V Leiden mutation (p<0.0001), protein C activity (p<0.0001) and F VIIIc (p=0.0001). Unexpectedly, the protein C pathway activity was also dependent on antithrombin activity (p=0.0166), F XIIc (p=0.0137) and IgM (but not IgG) antibodies against cardiolipin (p=0.0304) and phosphatidylserine (p=0.0006) in this multivariate analysis. Importantly, the association between protein C pathway activity and the “unexpected” predictors were independent of whether or not the results were in the reference range or not (median [95% CI] antithrombin activity 0.95 [0.93-0.97], median F XIIc 0.94 [0.90-0.98], median ACL IgM 2 [2-3] U/ml, median APS IgM 2 [2-3] U/ml). Conclusions: The protein C pathway is believed to be a crucial regulatory element of haemostasis. Our results from a large cohort (n = 431) of children with ALL and thus at risk for thromboembolism indicate that the protein C pathway is -expectedly (such as F V Leiden mutation, protein C activity, F VIIIc) and unexpectedly (such as antithrombin activity and the concentration of antiphospholipid IgM antibodies) - interdependent with many other variables of the coagulation system. These data provide evidence that the protein C pathway ex vivo in children with ALL is targeted by various elements of other haemostasis pathways in a significant manner in multivariate analysis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Iaremenko, O., e G. Mykytenko. "AB0177 ASSOCIATION OF SEROLOGICAL STATUS WITH THE FREQUENCY OF CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL REMISSION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 maggio 2022): 1218.1–1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2297.

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BackgroundAchieving remission is one of the main goal in the management of patients (pts) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). According to the literature, one of the determining predictor of the disease course is the serological variant of RA [1]. However, there are conflicting data in scientific publications concerning relationship between the presence/titre of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) or rheumatoid factor (RF) and the frequency/rate of remission [1].ObjectivesTo examine associations of ACCP- and RF-status with possibility and timing of clinical and radiological remission in Ukrainian pts with RA while taking the main non-biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD).MethodsIn enrolled pts RF titer was determined by the latex agglutination method (Humatex, Germany), reference values <20 IU/ml; ACCP level - by ELISA (IBL-Hamburg, Germany), the diagnostic limit of ACCP was ≥15U/ml, the maximum value ≥ 345U/ml. All pts received non-biological DMARD: methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine or its combination with hydroxychloroquine. At baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months (mth) of treatment the disease activity and achievement of remission (by DAS28; Sharpe-van der Heide scale) in different subgroups of RA pts were analysed.Results128 pts with RA were included in the study; the mean (SD) age was 54 (12.7) years and follow-up was for 2.0 (1.3) years. Most were women (72.4%), mean disease duration 18.4± 3.18 mth. ACCP-positive were 64.8% and RF - 57.1% pts. According to serological status at baseline, pts were stratified into four classes: ACCP+RF- (n=19), RF+ACCP- (n=9), dual positive (n=64) and dual negative (n=36). There were no significant differences between the analysed groups in age, sex, RA duration, disease activity, radiological changes and prescribed therapy (p>0.05).During the 2-year follow-up, clinical remission was achieved in a total of 27 (21.1%) pts, including early remission (during first 6 mth) in 25 (19.5%). The percentage of pts in remission were 36.1, 33.3, 15.8, and 12.5 respectively for RF−/ACCP−, ACCP−/RF+, ACCP+/RF−, and ACCP+/RF+ (χ2 = 7.74, p<0.05 RF−/ACCP− vs ACCP+/RF+; χ2 = 4.55, p <0.05 ACCP−/RF+ vs ACCP+/RF+). The rate of remission (frequency of early remission in the structure of general remission) in four analysed groups did not differ significantly and was 75%, 66.6%, 66.6% and 84.6%, respectively. The ACCP titer in pts who achieved and didn’t achieve remission were respectively 240.8 ± 38.5 U / ml and 187.8 ± 13.7 U / ml, p>0.05. There also wasn’t difference between RF titer and the frequency of remission in these groups (257.9±233.8 IU / ml vs 293.2±257.3 IU / ml, p> 0.05). According to our data, there was no correlation between the level of RF / ACCP and the frequency of remission.Radiological remission was achieved in 46.7% of ACCP-negative patients and only in 10.6% of ACCP-positive patients (p <0.01). The absence of RF in the blood was also associated with a more frequent achievement of radiological remission (in 34.2% of pts) compared with the RF-positive cohort of pts (in 15.4%, p <0.05). Double seronegative pts achieved remission three times more often (48.1% pts) than double seropositive (13.9%, p<0.01).ConclusionOur data suggest that the frequency of clinical remission, including early, is three times higher in patients with RA, negative for ACCP. The rate of clinical remission (ratio of early in the structure of the general) doesn’t depend on the serological variant of RA: about two thirds of pts in all analysed groups achieve remission in the first 6 mth of DMARD therapy. ACCP- and RF-titers in the onset of the disease don’t influence on the possibility of achieving clinical and radiological remission. Radiological remission is observed three times more often in seronegative (for ACCP or RF) pts. Double seropositivity has an additive effect on subsequent joint destruction.References[1]Yilmaz-Oner S. et al. Predictors and the optimal duration of sustained remission in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheum. 2019;38(11):3033-3039.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Smyser, W. R. "U. S. S. R.-Germany: A Link Restored". Foreign Policy, n. 84 (1991): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1148786.

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Меліса Грабовач e Капранов Олександр. "Syntactic Complexity at the Intermediate Level in EFL Writing by Early Balanced Bilinguals". East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 3, n. 1 (30 giugno 2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2016.3.1.gra.

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The present article involves an empirical psycholinguistic study aimed at examining syntactic complexity in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) by early balanced Bosnian/Swedish bilingual EFL learners. 15 early balanced bilingual Bosnian/Swedish EFL learners were recruited for the study and matched with their respective control groups of intermediate EFL learners (15 speakers of Bosnian as their first language (L1) and 15 speakers of Swedish as their L1). The experimental task involved an unprepared writing assignment in English about the most significant invention of the 20th century. The corpus of the participants’ written assignments was analysed in L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer and SPSS software programs respectively. Data analysis involved measures of syntactical complexity. It has been found that the participants’ written assignments are characterised by statistically significant number of T-units scores in comparison with the Swedish L1 monolingual controls. These findings are further presented and discussed in the article. References Ahmadian, M. J., & Tavakoli, M. (2011). The effects of simultaneous use of careful onlineplanning and task repetition on accuracy, complexity, and fluency in EFL learners’ oralproduction. Language Teaching Research, 15(1), 35-59. Alotaibi, A. M. (2016). Examining the Learnability of English Relative Clauses: Evidencefrom Kuwaiti EFL Learners. English Language Teaching, 9(2), 57. Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Bofman, T. (1989). Attainment of syntactic and morphologicalaccuracy by advanced language learners. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 11(01),17-34. Byrnes, H. (2009). Emergent L2 German writing ability in a curricular context: Alongitudinal study of grammatical metaphor. Linguistics and Education, 20(1), 50–66. Ben-Zeev, S. (1977). The influence of bilingualism on cognitive strategy and cognitivedevelopment. Child Development, 48(3), 1009–1018. Bialystok, E. (1988). Levels of bilingualism and levels of linguistic awareness.Developmental Psychology, 24, 560–567. Bialystok, E., Majumder, S., & Martin, M.M. (2003). Developing phonological awareness:Is there a bilingual advantage? Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 27–44. Cenoz, J. (1998). Beyond bilingualism: multilingualism and multilingual education.Clevedon, England Multilingual Matters Cenoz, J. & Valencia, J. (1992). The role of bilingualism in foreign language acquisition:Learning English in the Basque country. Journal of Multilingual and MulticulturalDevelopment Cummins, J. (2000). Language, Power, and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in theCrossfire. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters Daiute, C.A. (1981). Psycholinguistic Foundations of the Writing Process. Research in theTeaching of English, 15, 1, 5–22 Dekydtspotter, L., & Renaud, C. (2014). On second language processing and grammaticaldevelopment: The parser in second language acquisition. Linguistic Approaches toBilingualism, 4(2), 131–165. Gaies, S. J. (1979). Linguistic input in formal second language learning: The issues ofsyntactic gradation and readability in ESL materials. TESOL quarterly, 41–50. Gaies, S. J. (1980). T-unit analysis in second language research: Applications, problemsand limitations. TESOL quarterly, 53–60. Grodner, D., Gibson, E., & Tunstall, S. (2002). Syntactic complexity in ambiguityresolution. Journal of Memory and Language, 46(2), 267–295. Grosjean, F. (2008). Studying Bilinguals. Journal of linguistics, 45, 3, 715–719. Herdina, P, & Jessner U. (2000). The dynamics of third language acquisition. In J. Cenozand U. Jessner (eds) English in Europe: The Acquisition of a Third Language, (pp. 84–98).Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Ho-Peng, L. (1983). Using T-unit measures to assess writing proficiency of university ESLstudents. RELC Journal, 14(2), 35–43. Hunt, K. (1965). Grammatical structures written at three grade levels. NCTE Researchreport, 3. Champaign, IL. Hunt, K. W. (1970). Syntactic maturity in schoolchildren and adults. Monographs of thesociety for research in child development, 35(1), iii–67. Inoue, C. (2016). A comparative study of the variables used to measure syntacticcomplexity and accuracy in task-based research. The Language Learning Journal, 1–19. Iwashita, N. (2006). Syntactic complexity measures and their relation to oral proficiency inJapanese as a foreign language. Language Assessment Quarterly: An InternationalJournal, 3(2), 151–169. Kapranov, O. (2015). Self-Evaluation of Speech Fluency in English as a Second Languageby Korean Exchange Students Studying in Sweden. In L. Szymanski & M. Kuczynski(eds.) Language, Thought and Education: Exploring Networks. (pp. 61–77). Zielona Gora:Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielenogorskiego. Kapranov, O. (2013). Beginner Students’ Speech Fluency in a Second LanguageCompared across Two Contexts of Acquisition. In E. Piechurska-Kuciel & E. SzymanskaCzaplak (eds.) Language in Cognition and Affect (pp.81-95). Berlin: Springer. Kobayashi, H., & Rinnert, C. (1992). Effects of First Language on Second LanguageWriting: Translation versus Direct Composition. Language Learning, 42(2), 183–209. Lambert, W.E. (1974). Culture and language as factors in learning and education. Culturalfactors in learning and education. Bellingham, WA: Fifth Western WashingtonSymposium on Learning. Lu, X. (2010). Automatic analysis of syntactic complexity in second language writing,International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 15(4), 474–496. Macnamara, B. N., & Conway, A. R. (2014). Novel evidence in support of the bilingualadvantage: Influences of task demands and experience on cognitive control and workingmemory. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 21(2), 520–525. Molnár, T. (2011). Second language versus third language acquisition: A comparison ofthe English lexical competence of monolingual and bilingual students. Toronto WorkingPapers in Linguistics, 33(1). Navés, T., Torras, M. R., & Celaya, M. L. (2003). Long-term effects of an earlier start: Ananalysis of EFL written production. Eurosla yearbook, 3(1), 103–129. Norbert, F. (2012). Bilingual competence and bilingual proficiency in child development.Massachusetts: MIT Press. Ortega, L. (2003). Syntactic complexity measures and their relationship to L2 proficiency:A research synthesis of college‐level L2 writing. Applied linguistics, 24(4), 492–518. Shaw, P., & Liu, E. T. K. (1998). What develops in the development of second-languagewriting?. Applied linguistics, 19(2), 225–254. Slavoff, G.R. & Johnson, J. S. (1995). The effects of age and the rate of learning a secondanguage. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 17 (1), 1–16. Sotillo, S. M. (2000). Discourse functions and syntactic complexity in synchronous andasynchronous communication. Language Learning & Technology, 4(1), 82–119. Weissberg, B. (2000). Developmental relationships in the acquisition of English syntax:writing vs. speech. Learning and Instruction 10, 37–53. Wolfe-Quintero, K., Inagaki, S, & Kim, H-Y. (1998). Second Language Development inWriting: Measures of Fluency, Accuracy and Complexity Honolulu: University of Hawai'i,Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center. Wolff, D. (2000). Second language writing: a few remarks on psycholinguistic andinstructional issues. Bergische Universita¨t Gesamthochschule Wuppertal: Wuppertal,Germany. Xiaofei, L. (2010). L2 Syntactical Complexity Analyzer. Software program. Yau, M. S., & Belanger, J. (1984). The Influence Mode on the Syntactic Complexity ofEFL Students at Three Grade Levels. TESL Canada Journal, 2(1), 65–77. Youn, S. J. (2014). Measuring syntactic complexity in L2 pragmatic production:Investigating relationships among pragmatics, grammar, and proficiency. System, 42, 270–287.

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Mamić, Marija, Boris Pirkić, Valentina Plichta, Tajna Kovač e Petra Dmitrović. "Liječenje pasa s grudno-slabinskim sindromom". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 3 (18 maggio 2020): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.3.4.

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Bolest međukralježničnog diska čest je uzrok ozljede leđne moždine i motorne disfunkcije te se najčešće javlja u grudno-slabinskom segmentu kralježnice. Retrospektivnim istraživanjem u razdoblju od sedam godina obuhvaćena su 104 slučaja pasa s grudno-slabinskim (GS) sindromom liječenih na Klinici za kirurgiju, ortopediju i oftalmologiju Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Većina pasa imala je akutnu kliničku sliku s visokim stupnjem neurološkog deficita. Francuski buldog bio je najčešći hondrodistrofični tip pasmine u koje se javljao GS sindrom dok je njemački ovčar bio najbrojniji u nehondrodistrofičnom tipu pasmine. GS sindrom u većem broju javljao se u muških jedinki. Ekstruzija diska u oba tipa pasmine javljala se u području T12-T13 i T13-L1 međukralježničnog prostora. Podatci o oporavku poznati su za 61,53 % pacijenata od čega je 70,44 % pacijenata postiglo zadovoljavajući oporavak. Nad svim pacijentima u provedenom istraživanju kao operacijska tehnika koristila se bilateralna mini hemilaminektomija izvedena od strane istog operatera. U 30 % pacijenata neovisno o nalazu mijelografije, materijal diska uočen je s obje strane međukralježničnog prostora zbog čega je opravdano razmotriti primjenu bilateralne mini-hemilaminektomije kao metodu izbora pri liječenju pasa s GS sindromom. Ovi rezultati će koristiti u budućim istraživanjima GS sindroma te će doprinijeti u njegovoj dijagnostici i liječenju.

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Koschmieder, Steffen, Susanne Isfort, Lino L. Teichmann, Philippe Schafhausen, Florian Heidel, Andreas Hochhaus, Martin Griesshammer et al. "Firstline Treatment with Ruxolitinib Versus Best Available Therapy in Patients with Polycythemia Vera: Pre-Specified Interim Analysis of the Randomized Phase 2b Ruxobeat Clinical Trial of the German Study Group for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (GSG-MPN)". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 novembre 2023): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-173225.

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Introduction: Polycythemia vera (PV) is characterized by trilineage blood cell expansion, PV-associated symptoms, and the risk of thromboembolic complications, progression to post-PV myelofibrosis, and acute leukemia. Cytoreductive treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) or ropeginterferon-alpha is approved in EU for the treatment of high-risk patients (pts) with PV. In addition, ruxolitinib (RUX) is approved for HU-intolerant/-resistant PV. However, RUX vs. best available therapy (BAT) has not been investigated as first-line treatment of pts with untreated PV. We hypothesized that RUX may have higher efficacy in such early-line PV pts. Methods: The clinical trial entitled “Ruxolitinib versus Best Available Therapy in pts with high-risk PV or high-risk ET” (RuxoBEAT; NCT02577926) is a multicenter, open-label, two-arm phase-IIb trial with a target population of 190 pts in each stratum. Crossover from BAT to RUX is possible in eligible pts after 6 months. Pts with PV in the RUX arm received a starting dose of 10 mg BID and may increase their dose up to 20 mg BID. The primary endpoint is the clinicohematologic complete response (CR) rate at month 6, as defined by Barosi et al (Blood 2009), using a strict score of zero for the four symptoms by patient-reported outcome measures (PROM, Table 2) and an adjusted level alpha = 0.005 at a power of 80%. Secondary endpoints include overall response rate (CR+PR), freedom from phlebotomy, changes in blood counts, spleen size, and PROM, using p values descriptively. The interim trial data were recently reviewed by the DMC, and, due to the low likelihood of reaching the primary endpoint (CR rate improvement), the DMC has recommended that the trial should continue without recruitment of new pts. Therefore, this pre-specified interim analysis was performed after 78 (instead of 95) PV pts were randomized 1:1 to RUX vs. BAT. A maximum of 6 weeks of previous PV-directed therapy was allowed. Differences between RUX and BAT at month 6 and between baseline and end of month 6 data for each treatment were calculated using Fisher´s exact test/ McNemar Test (for unpaired/ paired binary variables) or the Mann-Whitney-U test/ Wilcoxon signed-rank test (for unpaired/ paired ordered or continuous variables). Results: 78 first-line pts (33% were pre-treated for a median of 22 days [range 1-42]) were included in the intention-to-treat set (n=44 vs 34 randomized to RUX vs. BAT, resp.) and analyzed at the 6-month time point. Baseline characteristics are listed in Table 1. In pts on RUX or BAT, CR rates at 6 months were comparable (2.3% and 2.9%, p=1.0), while overall response (CR+PR) rates were 77.3% with RUX and 55.9% with BAT (p=0.054). Also, at month 6 (Table 2), pts on RUX showed significantly lower hematocrit (40.8% vs 42.1%, p=0.046), and PROM symptom points for pruritus (1 vs 4, p=0.001) and fatigue (2.5 vs 5, p=0.031), and a trend towards less headache, abdominal discomfort, and weight loss, while the number of platelets was lower with BAT vs. RUX (254/nl vs 386/nl, p=0.013). There was no difference between RUX and BAT in the number of white blood cells (WBC), spleen size, or other symptoms at this time point. When each treatment arm was analyzed separately for changes between baseline and month 6, RUX treatment significantly reduced platelet counts, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit, phlebotomy rates, spleen size and fraction of pts with splenomegaly (Table 2), and significantly improved PROMs for pruritus, early satiety, and quality of life. During the same time period, BAT significantly reduced platelet counts, WBC, hematocrit, and phlebotomy rates, but failed to impact on hemoglobin, spleen size, fraction of pts with splenomegaly, or any of the symptoms (Table 2). Safety analysis revealed 301 adverse events (AE) in both assigned treatment groups, including 153 AE in the RUX and 148 AE in the BAT group (11.8% and 8.1% grade ≥3, resp.). There was no significant difference in the percentage of grade ≥3 AE between both groups (p=0.358), and there were no consistent patterns of grade ≥3 AE in either of the two arms. Conclusion: In this interim analysis, first-line treatment with ruxolitinib for 6 months in high-risk pts with PV led to clinically meaningful improvements in overall response, hemoglobin and hematocrit, phlebotomy rates, splenomegaly, and patient-reported pruritus and fatigue severity, while BAT only improved platelet counts, WBC, hematocrit, and phlebotomy rates, without having an impact on symptoms.

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Pavliček, Damir, Marija Denžić Lugomer e Tiana Novosel. "Halogenirani salicilanilidi - spojevi s protumetiljnim djelovanjem". Veterinarska stanica 53, n. 6 (29 aprile 2022): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.53.6.7.

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Klozantel, rafoksanid i oksiklozanid su antiparazitski lijekovi iz skupine salicilanilida sa specifičnim djelovanjem protiv metilja u preživača. Zbog velike sposobnosti vezanja ovih spojeva za albumine u krvnoj plazmi distribucija u tkiva je slaba, što rezultira i znatno manjom koncentracijom u bubrezima, jetri, masti i mišićima. Njihovo je djelovanje je stoga učinkovitije protiv odraslih metilja koji se uglavnom hrane krvlju dok je protiv mlađih stadija parazita, koji se više hrane stanicama jetre, njihova djelotvornost znatno manja. Prema mehanizmu djelovanja klozantel, rafoksanid i oksiklozanid spadaju u vodikove (protonske) ionofore. Narušavanjem gradijenta protona preko unutarnje mitohondrijske membrane selektivno sprečavaju sintezu ATP-a i djeluju kao blokatori procesa oksidativne fosforilacije u metiljima. Zbog nepravilne upotrabe antiparazitskih lijekova (nepoštivanje preporučenih doza ili karencije) dolazi do pojave njihovih rezidua u hrani životinjskog podrijetla i samim time s obzirom na dokazana toksična svojstva koja posjeduju rizika po ljudsko zdravlje. Budzći da klozantel, rafoksanid i oksiklozanid mogu biti dostupni u kombinaciji s drugim antiparaziticima, njihovo određivanje u tkivima uglavnom uključuje razvoj multikomponentnih metoda koje se temelje na selektivnim tehnikama pročišćavanja uzoraka (SPE, QuEChERS) uz osjetljivu detekciju spektrometrijom masa (MS/MS, TOF/MS). U sklopu nacionalnih monitoring programa zemalja Europske unije na rezidue antiparazitskih lijekova u životinjama i proizvodima životinjskog podrijetla, u razdoblju od 2009. do 2019. godine, ovi su spojevi prema Uredbi Komisije (EZ) br. 37/2010 detektirani u koncentracijama višim od dopuštenih. Najviše pozitivnih uzoraka sadržavalo je klozantel, a gledajući samo posljednjih pet godina klozantel, rafoksanid i oksiklozanid zajedno čine gotovo 50 % svih nesukladnih rezultata u uzorcima pretraženim na B2a podgrupu spojeva.

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Djellata, Nadia. "Seroprevalencija zaraznog rinotraheitisa goveda u krava s pobačajem u Alžiru". Veterinarska stanica 55, n. 3 (3 ottobre 2023): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.3.2.

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In this study, the possible effect of bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) on abortions in selected dairy herds in the Mitidja plain of Algeria was investigated serologically. Serum samples obtained from 460 aborted cows, where frequent abortions occurred during the second and third trimester of gestation during the period July 2018 to July 2019, were analysed for the presence of specific antibodies for BHV-1 using the ELISA technique. The results revealed an individual seroprevalence of 43.7% (201/460) of the tested samples were positive for BHV-1 specific antibodies by ELISA, and a herd seroprevalence of 68.7% (110/160). According to our results, BHV-1 may be responsible for the abortions encountered in the tested cattle, which may indicate the presence of persistentlyand permanently infected animals in Algerian dairy cattle farms. In order to control bovine abortions caused by BHV-1, vaccination campaigns should be carried out before the cattle are released for breeding.

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Meier-Schatz, Christian J. "Disclosure Rules in the U. S., Germany and Switzerland". American Journal of Comparative Law 34, n. 2 (1986): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840147.

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Coons, John E. "Educational Choice and the Courts: U. S. and Germany". American Journal of Comparative Law 34, n. 1 (1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840291.

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Lojkić, Ivana, Ivana Šimić, Nina Krešić, Ivana Lohman Janković e Tomislav Bedeković. "U sjeni pandemije s COVID-19". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 4 (12 giugno 2020): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.4.11.

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Jedan od strateških ciljeva Europske unije (EU) u području zdravlja životinja proglašenje je cjelokupnog prostora EU slobodnim od klasične tzv. „zemaljske“ bjesnoće do 2020. godine. Zahvaljujući uspješnosti oralnog cijepljenja, koje se u Europi provodi još od 1978., većina zemalja zapadne i srednje Europe slobodna je od bjesnoće još od 20.-21.og stoljeća. Zadnji slučaj bjesnoće u Hrvatskoj zabilježen je u proljeće 2014., nakon samo tri godine od početka provedbe nacionalnog programa oralnog cijepljenja protiv bjesnoće. Ono što nam slijedi je dobivanje službenog statusa zemlje slobodne od bjesnoće, a posljedično tome i prijelaz na novu politiku kontrole bjesnoće u zemlji. Međutim, shvaćajući bjesnoću kao globalnu prijetnju zdravlju, a posebice obzirom na prisutnost virusa u šišmiša potreban je njen stalni nadzor.

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Jaki Tkalec, Vesna, Željko Cvetnić, Marina Mikulić, Krunoslav Sokolić, Petra Mustapić, Jadranka Sokolović, Marija Cvetnić, Maja Kiš e Sanja Furmeg. "Učestalost serovarova Salmonella spp. u pilećem mesu s područja sjeverozapadne Hrvatske". Veterinarska stanica 52, n. 4 (16 aprile 2021): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.52.4.11.

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Salmoneloza je jedna od najučestalijijh zoonoza koja se prenosi hranom, a najčešći izvor zaraze za ljude je kontaminirano meso i prerađevine od mesa peradi. Tijekom petogodišnjeg razdoblja od 2016. do 2020. godine provedeno je istraživanje tijekom kojeg je na Salmonellu spp., pretraženo 2457 uzoraka pilećeg mesa koje je uzorkovano u klaonicama i mesnicama na području Međimurske, Varaždinske, Koprivničko- križevačke, Bjelovarsko-bilogorske i Zagrebačke županije. Salmonella spp. je izdvojena iz 136 (5,5 %) obrađenih uzoraka. Godine 2016. ustvrđena je u 5 (6 %) pretraženih uzoraka, 2017. godine u 41 (4,7 %) uzorku, 2018. godine u 33 (6,1 %) uzorka, 2019. godine u 26 (6,6 %) uzoraka i u 2020. godini u 31 (5,4 %) uzoraka. Serološkom tipizacijom S. Infantis je identificirana u 86 (63,2 %) izdvojenih izolata; S. Typhimurium u 8 (5,9 %) izolata; a S. Enteritidis je tipizirana u 3 (2,2 %) izdvojena izolata. Tipizirani su i slijedeći serovarovi salmonela: S. Corvallis - 5 izolata (3,7 %), S. Isaszeg - 5 izolata (3,7 %), S. Derby- 3 izolata (2,2 %), S. Give - 2 izolata (2,2 %), S. Indiana - 2 izolata (2,2 %), i po 1 izolat 7 (5,1 %) serovara (S. Schwarzengrund, S. Goldcoast, S. Chester, S. Bredeney, S. Mbandaka, S.Newport, S. Saintpaul). U 15 (11 %) izolata tipizacija nije izvršena. S. Infantis je tijekom svih godina bila najčešće potvrđeni serovar. Salmoneloza predstavlja znatan gospodarski problem zbog šteta u intenzivnoj proizvodnji, ali i kao zoonoza koja se mesom i mesnim prouzvodima od mesa peradi širi na ljude. Provedbom odgovarajućih higijenskih mjera i dobre higijenske prakse od peradarskih farmi i klaonica do prodajnih mjesta moglo bi se doprinijeti manjoj kontaminaciji pilećeg mesa različitim serovarovima Salmonella spp.

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Brozić, Diana, Hrvoje Valpotić, Marko Samardžija, Nino Maćešić e Helena Hajdin. "Korištenje ketogene dijete u onkoloških pacijenata u maloj praksi". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 1 (4 febbraio 2020): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.1.7.

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Istraživanja ukazuju da je metabolizam stanica tumora obilježen promjenama u proizvodnji energije putem oksidativne fosforilacije i fermentacije te se smatra kako je moguće kontrolirati rast i razvoj tumora promjenom energetskog supstrata. Tumorske stanice pokazuju povećanu potrošnju glukoze, čak i u aerobnim uvjetima, što se događa zbog poremećaja u mitohondrijskom staničnom disanju pri čemu pojačana glikoliza predstavlja kompenzatorni odgovor. Stoga bi promjene u prehrani, poput ketogene dijete s visokim udjelom masti, umjerenim udjelom bjelančevina i niskim udjelom ugljikohidrata, koje potiču oksidativni metabolizam mitohondrija, istovremeno limitirajući potrošnju glukoze, predstavljale mogući nutritivni pristup selektivnom metaboličkom stresu tumorskih stanica. Iako je primjena ketogene dijete, kao potporne terapije tumora opetovano dokazana u humanim istraživanjima do danas nije provedeno istraživanje koje bi potvrdilo pozitivne učinke u pasa i mačaka s tumorima. No, korištenje MCT dijete u pasa s epilepsijom dalo je obećavajuće rezultate. Metaboličke specifičnosti prisutne u pasa i mačaka poput učinkovitog iskorištavanja ketogenih tijela od strane perifernih tkiva te prilagodba visokom udjelu masti u obroku, pod uvjetom da je zadovoljen glukoneogenetski kapacitet, ukazuju da postoje temelji za primjenu ketogene dijete u onkoloških pacijenata, no bez istraživanja koje bi navedeno potvrdila nije moguće tvrditi kako je korištenje ketogene dijete bez rizika. Prema trenutnim smjernicama, pri izradi prehrambenog plana kod onkoloških pacijenata ključno je prilagoditi oblik hranidbenog režima svakom pacijentu pojedinačno, uzimajući pritom u obzir kliničku sliku, prognozu i prisutnost ostalih patologija koje će uvjetovati prilagodbu obroka.

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Boers, M., L. Hartman, D. Opris-Belinski, R. Bos, M. R. Kok, J. A. P. da Silva, E. N. Griep et al. "OP0263 FAVORABLE BALANCE OF BENEFIT AND HARM OF LONG-TERM, LOW-DOSE PREDNISOLONE ADDED TO STANDARD TREATMENT IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS AGED 65+: THE PRAGMATIC, MULTICENTER, PLACEBO- CONTROLLED GLORIA TRIAL". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 maggio 2022): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.698.

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BackgroundLow-dose glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is widely used in RA but the true balance of benefit and harm is still unknown.ObjectivesWe studied the effects of prednisolone (5 mg/day, 2 years) in RA patients aged 65+, requiring adjustment of antirheumatic therapy (DAS28≥2.60).MethodsPragmatic double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial; all co-treatments and changes therein were allowed during the trial except long-term open label GC; Ca/D supplementation was advised in all patients. Minimal exclusion criteria were tailored to seniors.Harm outcome: the number of patients with ≥1 serious adverse event (SAE), or ≥1 ‘other adverse event of special interest’ (other AESI). Other AESI comprised any AE (except worsening of RA) causing study discontinuation, and GC-specific events (Table 1).Table 1.Adverse events of special interest (AESI).*prednisolone (n=224)placebo (n=225)Events by protocol-defined categorySAEother AESISAEother AESI Infection261241691 Urinary tract449429 Pneumonia217213 Other20581049 Cardiovascular8260 Symptomatic fracture21146 New onset Hypertension1407 Diabetes mellitus0201 Cataract0726 Glaucoma0103 Other†43433526Total8019463140*AESI: Comprises serious adverse events (SAE) and other AESI, defined by protocol.†‘Other’ other AESI: non-serious AE outside of the above predefined categories, but associated with premature discontinuation.Benefit outcomes: improvement in disease activity (DAS28) and joint damage progression (Sharp/van der Heijde).Longitudinal mixed models analyzed the data. Given prior knowledge we report one-sided 95% confidence limit (95%CL) and statistical tests, performed only for the main outcomes.ResultsWe randomized 451 RA patients in 7 EU countries, 449 received the intervention; of these 63% prednisolone vs 61% placebo patients completed 2 years of follow up. Discontinuations were similar in both groups: for AE (14%) and active disease (4%); the remainder mostly for ‘trial fatigue’ and covid-related access issues (20%). Mean time on study drug was 19 (SD 8) months.70% of patients were female, mean age was 72 (max 88) years, RA duration 11 years; 67% were RF+, 56% ACPA+, 96% had joint damage on radiographs: mean score 20, median 8. Mean DAS28 was 4.5. Most patients (79%) were on current DMARD treatment, including 14% on biologics; 47% had previously used GC, 14% changed DMARD therapy at baseline. Patients had mean 2.1 active comorbidities, and used median 7 drugs.Benefit: Disease activity rapidly declined to stabilize after 1 year (Figure 1), and was lower on prednisolone (adjusted mean difference in DAS28 over 2 years: 0.37, 95%CL 0.23, p<0.0001). The contrast in early (3-month) response was larger in 331 patients adherent to protocol on stable treatment: mean difference in DAS28 0.62 (95%CL 0.44), more responders on prednisolone (Figure 1). Significant time-treatment interaction in secondary analyses suggested a decrease in contrast after the first year, most likely caused by significantly more changes in DMARD treatment on placebo. Joint damage progression over 2 years was significantly lower on prednisolone: mean 0.6 (SD 1.9) v 1.8 (6.4) score points on placebo, difference 1.2 (95%CL 0.2, p=0.02).Harm: 60% prednisolone vs 49% placebo patients experienced the harm outcome: adjusted RR 1.24, 95%CL 1.04, p=0.02; number needed to harm 9.5 (Table 1). During the study 1 vs 2 patients died, and 3 vs 0 died within 5 months of discontinuation. Per 100 patient-years, AE totaled 278 in prednisolone vs 206 in placebo patients, and the difference was most marked for infections (Table 1); these were mostly mild or moderately severe. Other GC-specific AESI were rare without relevant differences.ConclusionAdd-on low dose prednisolone has beneficial long-term effects on disease activity and damage progression in senior RA patients on standard treatment. The tradeoff is a 24% increase in patients with mostly mild to moderate AE, suggesting a favorable balance of benefit and harm.AcknowledgementsTrial registration: NCT02585258 (clinicaltrials.gov).The trial is part of a larger project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 634886.Apart from the listed authors and centers, the GLORIA Trial Consortium comprises:L.M. Middelink, Middelinc BV The Netherlands, Operational Lead;V. Dekker, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Financial Lead;Partners:Trial operations: N. van den Bulk, CR2O BV, The Netherlands;Study Medication (Development, Manufacturing & Supply): R.M.A. Pinto,Bluepharma – Indústria Farmacêutica, S.A., Portugal;Data management: L. Doerwald, Linical Netherlands BV, The Netherlands; S. Manger, Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands.Adherence monitoring: J. Redol, BeyonDevices LDA, Portugal;Safety monitoring: K. Prinsen, Clinfidence BV, The Netherlands;Patient partner: M. Scholte-Voshaar, Stichting Tools (Tools2Use), The Netherlands.Investigators (other recruiting centers):T.L.T.A. Jansen, VieCuri – location Venlo, The Netherlands;C. Codreanu, Clinical Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Bucarest, Rumania;R.M.Zandhuis-Mooij, MSc, Gelre Ziekenhuis, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands;E. Molenaar, Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, The Netherlands;J.M. van Laar, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands;Y.P.M. Ruiterman, Haga Ziekenhuis, Den Haag, The Netherlands;A.E.R.C.H. Boonen, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands;M. Micaelo, Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal;J. Costa, Hospital de Ponte Lima, Portugal;M. Sieburg, Rheumatologische Facharztpraxis Magdeburg, Germany;J.P.L. Spoorenberg, UMC Groningen, The Netherlands;U. Prothmann, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar GbmH, Puettlingen, Germany;M.J. Saavedra, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal;I. Silva, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal;M.T. Nurmohamed, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;J.W.G. Jacobs, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands; andS.W. Tas, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Scientific Advisory Committee:J.W.J. Bijlsma, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands;R. Christensen, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;Y.M. Smulders, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, The Netherlands; andS.H. Ralston, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.Radiographic assessment:D.M.F.M. van der Heijde (Imaging Rheumatology BV, the Netherlands)coordinated the reading of the hand and foot x-rays.A.F. Marsman and W.F. Lems scored the spine X-rays.Patient panel:C. Rusthoven and M. Bakkers, The NetherlandsE. Frazão Mateus, and G. Mendes, PortugalC. Elling-Audersch and D. Borucki, GermanyA. Cardone, ItalyP. Corduta and O. Constantinescu, RomaniaP. Richards, United KingdomG. Aanerud, NorwayDisclosure of InterestsMaarten Boers Consultant of: Novartis, Linda Hartman: None declared, Daniela Opris-Belinski Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Ewo Pharma, UCB, Reinhard Bos: None declared, Marc R Kok: None declared, José Antonio P. da Silva: None declared, Eduard N. Griep: None declared, Ruth Klaasen: None declared, Cornelia Allaart: None declared, Paul Baudoin: None declared, Hennie Raterman Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Ewo Pharma, UCB, Zoltán Szekanecz: None declared, Frank Buttgereit Consultant of: Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Gruenenthal, Horizon Therapeutics, Mundipharma, Pfizer, Roche, Pavol MASARYK: None declared, Thomas Klausch: None declared, Sabrina Paolino: None declared, Annemarie M. Schilder Consultant of: Eli Lilly, Novartis, Genzyme, WIllem Lems Consultant of: Pfizer, Galapagos, Lilly, Amgen, UCB., Maurizio Cutolo: None declared

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Ende, L. Marie, Sophie-Juliane Schwarzer, Alexandra Ebner e Marianne Lauerer. "Competitiveness of the Exotic Silphium perfoliatum against the Native Urtica dioica: A Field Experiment". International Journal of Ecology 2023 (27 giugno 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5512148.

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Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) is native to North America and is increasingly used as a bioenergy crop in Germany. Spontaneous occurrences of this species have already been detected in several European countries. To assess the possible risk to biodiversity by spreading of S. perfoliatum, we investigated the competitiveness of this species against the native and highly competitive Urtica dioica over four years in a field experiment in Bayreuth (Germany). S. perfoliatum grew well among U. dioica, although its biomass was strongly reduced by surrounding U. dioica. Projection area, plant height, and reproductive potential were less or similarly reduced by surrounding U. dioica as by the intraspecific competition. Moreover, S. perfoliatum significantly suppressed the growth of the competitive U. dioica. A settlement and establishment of S. perfoliatum in the native flora of Central Europe and a suppression of uncompetitive plant species are therefore conceivable.

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Lebedenko, S. B. "U. S. - Germany relations under the presidency of Barack Obama". Наукові праці МАУП. Серія : Політичні науки, вип. 1 (52) (2017): 101–6.

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Martinović, Ivica. "Federik Grisogono vs. Duns Škot". Prilozi za istraživanje hrvatske filozofske baštine 48, n. 1 (95) (30 settembre 2022): 7–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.52685/pihfb.48.1(95).1.

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Na temelju provedenih istraživanja moguće je drukčije periodizirati pa i ocijeniti odnos Federica Grisogona prema misaonom nasljeđu Ivana Duns Škota. Prvu fazu određuje sâm četverostih Ad lectorem na naslovnici Duns Škotovih Questiones quolibetales (1506), u kojem Zadranin, student filozofije i medicine u Padovi, upozorava čitatelja na pet Duns Škotovih knjiga koje je irski franjevac Maurice O’Fihely, profesor škotističke teologije Padovanskoga sveučilišta i zaređeni nadbiskup Tuama, priredio za tisak 1506. godine u mletačkih tiskara Andree Torresanija i Simonea de Luere. U poanti četverostiha »Moći ćeš njedra napuniti cvijetom« (poteris flore implere sinus) Grisogono se služi Mauricijevim pridjevkom Flos mundi da bi pohvalio trud i prinose priređivača pri objavljivanju dvaju povezanih Duns Škotovih djela Scriptum Oxoniense i Questiones quolibetales. Taj je Grisogonov četverostih otisnut bar još jednom – na dekorativnoj naslovnici pariškoga izdanja Duns Škotovih Questiones quolibetales 1513. godine.Samo godinu dana nakon prvoga objavljivanja Grisogonova četverostiha Ad lectorem, u svom prvom zborniku Speculum astronomicum (1507), koji je tiskao 38 dana nakon svoje promocije za doktora filozofije i medicine (artium et medicinae doctor) Padovanskoga sveučilišta, Grisogono se poziva na Duns Škota u dvama svojim spisima. U raspravi »o plemenitosti i izvrsnosti astrologije« (de nobilitate et excellentia astrologiae), četvrtoj u sastavu spisa Speculum astronomicum, Zadranin ističe tri važna Duns Škotova filozofema: ograničenje u Božjem nužnom djelovanju, slobodu čovjekove volje i Božje predznanje. Pri proučavanju aksiomatskoga sustava Euklidove geometrije prema izdanju Liber elementorum Euclidis (1482) koje je priredio Campano da Novara, Grisogono upućuje na Duns Škota kad prigovara dvjema Euklidovim definicijama: u dokazu da točka ne postoji i pri logičkom osporavanju definicije kruga. Grisogonova ocjena Duns Škotova umovanja bitno se mijenja u 1520-im uz jednu prirodnofilozofsku temu – tumačenje morskih mijena. U svom drugom zborniku iz 1528 godine, i to u uvodu rasprave Tractatus de occulta causa fluxus et refluxus maris, Grisogono se ruga Duns Škotovu opisu morskih mijena u Secundum scripti Oxoniensis super secundum Sententiarum (1506) istodobno kad i Plinijevu prikazu u drugoj knjizi Historia naturalis (1513): »kao miševi koji skakuću po brašnu« (ut mures super farinam saltantes). Zadranin obojici prigovara da su »prešutjeli« rješenja za tri glavna problema u tumačenju morskih mijena, ali time zapravo nudi popis otvorenih problema s kojima će se suočiti u vlastitoj raspravi i za koje će ponuditi valstita rješenja. U svojim ocjenama Plinijeva i Duns Škotova prikaza morskih mijena Grisogono očito pretjeruje, dapače ne priznaje im ni ono što izrijekom stoji u njihovim tekstovima. A kad Grisogono u uvodu u raspravu o morskim mijenama drugi put spominje Plinija i Duns Škota, pristupa im različito. Plinija prikazuje kao okretna kompilatora nedorasla ostvariti sintezu o temi koju obrađuje, a u svojoj konačnoj ocjeni Duns Škota pribjegava alegoriji koja povezuje Škotov redovnički poziv i novozavjetni prizor s Genezaretskoga jezera (Mt 14, 22–36) u kojem je vjera ribara Petra na kušnji. Izričajem »budući da nije imao cipela« Zadranin podsjeća da je Duns Škot bosonogi franjevac. S pomoću metafore »bose noge«, koje mogu i gaziti i osjetiti drače, opisuje dvojaki Duns Škotov odnos prema astrologiji – pokušaj suprotstavljanja astrologiji i odustanak od toga pokušaja. S pomoću metafore »suhom nogom« Zadranin dodjeljuje Duns Škotu neočekivanu novozavjetnu ulogu – ulogu Petra koji hoda površinom Genezaretskoga jezera prema Isusu dok vjeruje, a počinje tonuti čim posumnja, da bi je primijenio, ni manje ni više, nego na teme o moru u Duns Škotovu komentaru drugoga sveska Sentencija. Napokon, Grisogono znamenitomu Škotu pridjeljuje nadimak »otac logike« i tako ga odvaja od rimskoga prirodoslovca Plinija. Razdjelnica između Plinija i Duns Škota, kako to shvaća Zadranin školovan u Padovi i poučen o dometima škotizma, leži zapravo u području logike: Plinije je neznalica u logici, a Duns Škot »otac logike«.

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Samardžija, Marko, Jelka Pleadin, Miroslav Benić, Nina Kudumija, Dražen Đuričić e Ines Gulić. "Variations in the concentration of 17ß-oestradiol and testosterone levels in calves of different sex, age, breed and farm origin". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 3 (18 maggio 2020): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.3.3.

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Fiziološke koncentracije spolnih hormona 17β-estradiola i testosterona varijaju s obzirom na vrstu životinje, dob, spol, pasminu, način držanja, hranidbu, stres i okolišne čimbenike. Navedeni hormoni su nužni za rast i razvoj životinje te njihovu spolnu zrelost i reproduktivnu funkciju. Zbog svog anaboličkog učinka koristili su se u prošlosti u intenzivnoj stočarskoj proizvodnji kao promotori rasta, putem stočne hrane ili u obliku implatanta. No, zbog svojih toksičnih učinaka u životinja i ljudi, uključujući mutagenost, kancerogenost i teratogenost, njihova je uporaba zabranjena u svrhu proizvodnje hrane životinjskog podrijetla. Danas je dopušteno korištenje prirodnih hormona samo u terapeutske svrhe za liječenje poremećaja reprodukcije i gravidnosti. S obzirom na stalni razvoj novih sintetskih tvari koje bi mogle imati anabolički učinak i mogu zlouporabu, nužno je tijekom redovitog provođenja kontrole te poznavanja fizioloških vrijednosti razina ovih hormona. Cilj ovog rada, uzimajući u obzir sve navedeno, bilo je istražiti razine prirodnih hormona 17β-estradiola i testosterona u krvi teladi različitog spola, pasmina, dobi i farmskog podrijetla na području Republike Hrvatske. U tu svrhu s tri različite farme na području Republike Hrvatske nasumično su izabrana 32 teleta različitog spola (5 muških i 27 ženskih), dobi 2 ‒ 5 mjeseci starosti, različitih pasmina i kategorija (13 teladi simentalske pasmine, 2 teladi mesne pasmine, 17 teladi holštajnske pasmine). Prilikom općeg kliničkog pregleda životinje od strane nadležnog veterinara, nisu primijećeni nikakvi znaci bolesti ili stanja koje bi mogle utjecati na razine ovih hormona. Prosječna razina 17β-estradiola iznosila je 28,8±11,0 ng/L. Koncentracija testosterona bila je niža od limita detekcije primjenjene analitičke metode u 24 uzorka plazme teladi, a detektirana je u 8 uzoraka s prosječnom koncentracijom od 126,7±167,5 ng/L, ukazujući na široku varijabilnost u koncentracijama ovog hormona. Statistički značajna razlika u koncentracijama određena je jedino za 17β-estradiol s obzirom na pasminski sastav i farmu podrijetla (P<0,05). S obzirom da su ustvrđene koncentracije u skladu s fiziološkim razinama iz ranije provedenih istraživanja u literaturi, u pretraživane teladi se može isključiti sumnja na ilegalnu uporabu sredstava s anaboličkim učinkom.Ključne riječi

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Jugo, Damir. "Ivy Ledbetter Lee vs. Edward Bernays". Medijske studije 9, n. 18 (15 febbraio 2019): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20901/ms.9.18.6.

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Ivy Lee i Edward Bernays nedvojbeno su kao pojedinci imali izuzetno velik utjecaj na razvoj modernih odnosa s javnošću. Djelujući na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, obojica su promovirali i primjenjivali elemente dvosmjernog modela komuniciranja između organizacija za koje su radili i koje su savjetovali te njihovih javnosti, a kao pioniri tada nove profesije često su bili metom kritika zbog navodnog i mogućeg manipuliranja javnošću. Ovaj rad daje pregled I usporedbu djelovanja Ivyja Leeja i Edwarda Bernaysa u odnosima s javnošću, analizira ključne metode kojima su se služili te nastoji valorizirati doprinos koji su obojica dali razvoju struke na počecima modern prakse. Rad dodatno razmatra pristupe, principe i načine na koji su Lee i Bernays prakticirali odnose s javnošću te primjenjivali strategije, tehnike i alate kako bi ostvarili ciljeve organizacija s kojima su surađivali. Osim doprinosa samom razvoju prakse odnosa s javnošću, rad razmatra i povijesni doprinos obojice praktičara teorijskom proučavanju odnosa s javnošću.

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Džaja, Petar, Sonja Sinković, Magdalena Palić, Josip Mihalj e Krešimir Severin. "Zarazne bolesti domaćih životinja u 18. i 19. stoljeću u banskoj Hrvatskoj". Veterinarska stanica 52, n. 4 (22 febbraio 2021): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.52.4.2.

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U radu je prikazana pojava i kretanje zaraznih bolesti domaćih životinja u 18. i 19. stoljeću u banskoj Hrvatskoj među kojima dominira goveđa kuga. Navedeni su prvi liječnici koji su prepoznavali zarazne bolesti i radili razudbe domaćih životinja s ciljem utvrđivanja patoanatomskih promjena, odnosno postavljanja dijagnoze. Prikazani su djelatnici koji su suzbijali zarazne bolesti domaćih životinja kao i njihove obveze, odnosno mjere koje su trebali narediti i provesti kao i dužnosti te obveze vlasnika životinja kroz opisani period. U istraživanom razdoblju postavljane su dijagnoze na latinskom i njemačkom jeziku s različitim pojmovima koji su se vjerojatno odnosili na goveđu kugu.

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Calvo-Aranda, E., L. Barrio Nogal, B. A. Blanco Cáceres, M. Novella-Navarro, D. Peiteado, J. Arroyo Palomo, E. De Miguel et al. "POS1170 ASYMPTOMATIC URATE-CRYSTALS DEPOSITS IN PATIENTS WITH STAGES 3-5 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE DETECTED BY ULTRASOUND". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 maggio 2022): 913.2–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4045.

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BackgroundOne in ten patients with hyperuricemia may develop gout over time, with urate deposition sometimes asymptomatic. Recent reviews support ultrasound (US) to assess asymptomatic hyperuricemic (AH) patients to detect gout lesions, showing double contour (DC) and tophus the highest specificities and positive predictive values. Hyperuricemia and gout are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60, and are associated with worse prognosis. US gout lesions have been found more frequently in AH (up to 35%) than in normouricemic (NU) patients, but evidence is scarce in CKD.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of urate deposit in stages 3-5 CKD detected by US, and to investigate if there are differences between AH and NU patients.MethodsCase-control study, recruiting patients aged ≥18 years with AH and stages 3-5 CKD in 4 hospitals from January 2020 to December 2021. Controls were patients with stages 3-5 CKD and NU. Exclusion criteria: previous diagnosis of gout, tophi. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid (sUA) >6.8 mg/dl, documented at least twice during the last 12 months. A standardized US exam of the knees and bilateral first metatarsophalangeal joints was performed to assess patients for DC/tophus as defined by OMERACT. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were recorded. A descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS. Pre-clinical gout (PCG: DC and/or tophus) was considered as outcome variable. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used for qualitative variables, and Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative variables; significant threshold p<0.05.ResultsForty-four patients with stages 3-5 CKD (59.6% stage 3, 19.1% stage 4, 21.3% 5) were recruited, 35 AH and 9 NU. Hyperuricemia was associated with a higher prevalence of US findings, with significant differences between cases (AH) and controls (NU): PCG 19 vs 1 (p=0.023), DC 13 vs 1, and tophus 11 vs 0. No significant differences were found in demographic variables, comorbidities and treatments. sUA levels, were higher in patients with PCG (8.3±1.4 vs 7.6±2.2; p=0.36), and these patients also showed lower GFR (31.4±14.1 vs 33.7±16.9; p=0.62). Patients with PCG also showed a non-significant trend towards shorter duration of CKD [6.3±5.7 vs 8.3±4.9 years; p=0.1] and younger age (66.4±15.1 vs 70.0 ±11.0; p=0.30).ConclusionWe found an outstanding prevalence of asymptomatic urate deposits in our cohort of patients with stages 3-5 CKD, that is higher in hyperuricemic than in normouricemic patients. The prevalence of DC and tophus in our cohort of AH patients with stages 3-5 CKD was higher than that reported in AH patients in studies conducted in general population (37% vs 16-31% and 31% vs 16%, respectively). Early diagnosis of pre-clinical gout by ultrasound might change therapeutic approach in CKD.References[1]Robinson PC, et al. Longitudinal development of incident gout from low-normal baseline serum urate concentrations: individual participant data analysis. BMC Rheumatol. 2021;5(1):33.[2]Jing J, et al.; GCKD Study Investigators. Prevalence and correlates of gout in a large cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease: the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;30(4):613-21.[3]Stack AG, et al. Gout and the risk of advanced chronic kidney disease in the UK health system: a national cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(8):e031550.[4]Stewart S, et al. Prevalence and discrimination of OMERACT-defined elementary ultrasound lesions of gout in people with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019;49(1):62-73.[5]Christiansen SN, et al. Ultrasound for the diagnosis of gout-the value of gout lesions as defined by the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology ultrasound group. Rheumatology 2021.[6]Peiteado D, et al. Value of a short four-joint ultrasound test for gout diagnosis: a pilot study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012.AcknowledgementsSpecial thanks to the Nephrology and Rheumatology departments of the 4 participating centers.Disclosure of InterestsEnrique Calvo-Aranda Speakers bureau: Menarini, Grünenthal, Laura Barrio Nogal: None declared, Boris Anthony Blanco Cáceres: None declared, Marta Novella-Navarro: None declared, Diana Peiteado: None declared, Jaime Arroyo Palomo: None declared, Eugenio de Miguel: None declared, Alejandro Prada Ojeda: None declared, Luis Sala Icardo: None declared, maria teresa navio marco: None declared, Mónica Vázquez Díaz: None declared, Claudia Maria Gomez-Gonzalez: None declared, Roberto Alcazar Arroyo: None declared, Juan Antonio Martin Navarro: None declared, Marco Vaga Gallardo: None declared, Milagros Fernandez Lucas: None declared, Martha Elizabeth Diaz Dominguez: None declared

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Faraguna, Siniša, e Romana Turk. "Pathophysiology of mast cell tumour in humans and animals". Veterinarska stanica 54, n. 6 (31 maggio 2023): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.6.1.

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Cilj ovog preglednoga rada bio je istražiti dosadašnje spoznaje o patofiziološkim mehanizmima nastanka mastocitoma u različitih vrsta životinja i ljudi. Također je bila namjera na temelju literaturnih podataka usporediti biološko ponašanje i oblike mastocitoma u ljudi i različitih životinjskih vrsta i komparativnim pristupom istražiti najvažnija obilježja mastocitoma, njihovu pojavnost te mogućnost širenja. Patogeneza mastocitoma nije još u potpunosti razjašnjena. Pretpostavlja se da je više čimbenika uključeno u mehanizam nastanka; pasminska predispozicija upućuje na gensku komponentu uključenu u patogenezu mastocitoma, a važnu ulogu ima i mutacija gena koji kodira receptor s aktivnošću tirozin ‒ kinaze (KIT) na membrani mastocita za vezanje čimbenika matičnih stanica (SCF, engl. stem cell factor). Mutacija KIT gena uzrokuje stvaranje KIT receptora koji je kontinuirano aktivan u odsutnosti liganda, tj. SCF-a što dovodi do proliferacije mastocita i nastanka mastocitoma. Mutacije KIT gena u pasa su najčešće locirane na eksonu 11 koji kodira regulatornu jukstamembransku domenu KIT receptora, dok je u ljudi s mastocitozom najzastupljenija mutacija D816V na poziciji 2447 kodirajuće sekvence KIT gena. Mutacije KIT gena u pasa su povezane s progresijom i lošijom prognozom mastocitoma, dok u ljudi i u mačaka mutacije KIT gena nisu povezane s prognozom bolesti, premda u ljudi imaju bitnu ulogu u dijagnostici i terapiji.

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Artuković Nadinić, Irena, Vladimir Mrljak, Marija Lipar, Marina Pavlak, Ljiljana Bedrica e Renata Barić Rafaj. "The peptide hormone hepcidin". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 2 (27 marzo 2020): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.2.9.

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Hepcidin je peptidni hormon i glavni je re- gulator metabolizma željeza. Otkriven je u humanom serumu i urinu 2000. godine i nazvan je LEAP-1 (engl. Liver Expressed Antimicrobial Protein). Nedugo nakon toga znanstvenici su pod vodstvom Tomasa Ganze u potrazi za antimikrobnim peptidima otkrili peptid povezan s upalom i nazvali ga “hepcidin”. Otkrili su da se sintetizira u jetri i da ima antimikrobna svojstva. Najveći broj istraživanja o djelovanju i regulaciji izlučivanja hepcidina učinjen je na mišjim modelima kada je ustanovljeno da se sinteza i izlučivanje hepcidina u miševa povećava u stanjima s povišenim količinama željeza u serumu i upalnim stanjima. Određivanje hepcidina u krvi i ostalim tjelesnim tekućinama određuje se imunološkim testovima s antihepcidinskim protutijelima - ELISA (prema engl. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) i masenom spektrometrijom. Koncentracije hepcidina u serumu određene masenom spektometrijom i koncentracije određene ELISA metodom dobro koreliraju. Imunološki testovi najtočnije mjere niske vrijednosti hepcidina, a masena spektrometrija točnije mjeri aktivnu formu hepcidina. Poremećaji u ekspresiji hepcidina javljaju se kod mnogih bolesti kao što su: anemija prouzročena kroničnim sistemskim bolestima, sideropenične anemije, maligne bolesti, hereditarne hemokromatoze i stanja s neefektivnom eritropoezom. Stoga mjerenje koncentracije hepcidina ima veliko značenje u dijagnostici i liječenju stanja u kojima je narušena ravnoteža željeza u organizmu. Napredak u razumijevanju uloge hepcidina u kontroli homeostaze željeza dovodi do novih mogućnosti liječenja u stanjima sa sniženim ili povišenim razinama željeza u organizmu. Hepcidin je nedavno identificiran kao akutno fazni protein s antimikrobnom i regulatornom funkcijom željeza. Mnogi su istra- živači pokazali interes za razvoj dijagnostičkog testa za mjerenje hepcidina u pasa. Ciljevi njihovog istraživanja bili su kloniranje i sekvenciranje gena psećeg hepcidina i prikupljanje preliminarnih podataka o pojavi hepcidina u pasa. Filogenetska analiza pokazala je da je humani hepcidin bio sličniji hepcidinu pasa nego hepcidinu glodavaca. U pasa, kao i u ljudi, hepcidin se najviše sinetitiza u jetri, a nešto slabije u bubrezima i plućnom tkivu pasa. Rezultat ovog istraživanja uspostavio je osnovu za buduća istraživanja psećeg hepcidina. Autori navode da psi mogu biti dobar model za istraživanje uloge hepcidina u ljudi.

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Đokić, Maja, Marija Sedak e Nina Bilandžić. "Insekticid fipronil u proizvodima od peradi u Europskoj uniji". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 2 (27 marzo 2020): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.2.7.

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Fipronil je insekticid širokog spektra djelovanja koji se ubraja u skupinu fenilpirazola. Prvi je insekticid koji je djelovao ciljajući GABA (gama-aminomaslačnu kiselinu) receptor i imao povoljnu selektivnu toksičnost prema insektima, ali ne i sisavcima. U skladu s uredbom (EZ) br. 1107/2009. fipronil nije odobren u sredstvima za zaštitu bilja te je zabranjeno tretiranje životinja namijenjenih za prehranu ljudi u Europskoj uniji (EU). Najveća dopuštena količina (NDK) fipronila ustvrđena je prema Uredbi 396/2005. o maksimalnim razinama ostataka pesticida u i na hrani i hrani za životinje biljnog i životinjskog podrijetla te za jaja i meso peradi iznosi 0,005 mg/kg. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) klasificirala je fipronil kao umjereno opasan pesticid II klase. Konzumiranje malih količina fipronila izaziva mučninu, glavobolju, povraćanje, bol u želucu, slabost i vrtoglavicu. Nakon apsorpcije u ljudi distribuira se u tkiva i oslobađa aktivne metabolite koji se nakupljaju uglavnom u masnom tkivu. Eksperimenti na miševima pokazali su da produljena izloženost visokim dozama fipronila prouzroči rak štitnjače u mužjaka i ženki. Pojava fipronila u jajima u EU zabilježena je 2016. godine u Belgiji. Kao posljedica ustvrđene zlouporabe fipronila na farmama pilića, države članice EU i Europska komisija dogovorile su provedbu ad-hoc monitoringa na ostatke insekticida fipronila i drugih akaricida u jajima i mesu peradi. Europska agencija za sigurnost hrane (EFSA) objavila je izvješće o rezultatima monitoringa te su u ukupnoj količini od 5439 uzoraka jaja i mesa peradi u zemljama članicama EU i Islandu u 742 uzorka (13,6 %) ustvrđene količine veće od zakonski dopuštenih. Većina nesukladnih rezultata odnosila se na fipronil u uzorcima kokošjih jaja i masnog tkiva kokoši nesilica. U uzorcima iz Republike Hrvatske nisu ustvrđeni nesukladni rezultati. Uzorci koji su prekoračili zakonsko ograničenje bili su podrijetlom iz Nizozemske, Italije, Njemačke, Poljske, Mađarske, Francuske, Slovenije i Grčke. Članice EU su u kontroli proizvoda koji se upućuju na tržište EU nesukladne rezultate fipronila prijavljivale u razdoblju 2017.-2019. putem centralnog sustava brzog uzbunjivanja za hranu i hranu za životinje - RASFF. Ukupno je prijavljeno 128 različitih proizvoda s nesukladnim koncentracijama fipronila, a najviše se obavijesti odnosilo na jaja i proizvode od jaja. Pri tome je u okviru poduzetih mjera za čak 45 prijava provedeno povlačenje kontaminiranih jaja s tržišta, obavljeno je po 9 zapljena i 9 službenih pritvora. Na temelju ustvrđenih nesukladnih nalaza fipronila Europska komisija je prema Provedbenoj Uredbi Komisije (EU) 2019/533 uvrstila njegovu kontrolu u okviru koordiniranog višegodišnjeg programa kontrole EU za razdoblje 2020.-2022.

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Steinmann, Annika, Moritz Breucker, Anna Klees, Milena Pippert, David Jaitner e Swen Körner. "“(…), the more intense the dialogue and exchange between coach and medical staff, the more benefit for athlete support quality!”". Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, n. 2 (14 febbraio 2023): 014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss014.

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Background According to key assumptions to modern systems theory (Luhmann, 1983, 1990) the individual action logic of both sports coaches and sports physiotherapists are likely to differ fundamentally. Although both professions are entrusted with the care of athletes, they each follow different systemic logics in doing so. While coaches are embedded in the elite sport system, sports physiotherapists are assigned to the health care system Steinmann et al., 2019). The professional action of both players follows different systemic expectations in each case. Research Question What are potential conflicts within the cooperation between sports physiotherapists and coaches and what are areas of improvement? Methods The project aims at transferring research into practice and includes two parts: First, the project-team performs guided expert interviews with sports physiotherapists (n = 27) and coaches (n = 20) working in German elite sport in order to gather mutual functional, role and action expectations in real social situations. These expectations are compared and fitted in professional theory. The evaluation is based on qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz & Rädiker, 2020; Mayring, 2015). The second part of the project contains a Delphi-Workshop (Niederberger & Renn, 2018). Contentious results are phrased in a rating form for the participants a) to discuss and b) to derive recommended courses of action and case studies. Results Information gathering, content analysis and results are completed. Furthermore, the Delphi-Workshop took place in September 2022 (n = 8). The assumption has been confirmed that potential for optimization of the cooperation between coaches and sports physiotherapists is above all found in their structurally different action logic. The interview partners agree that there is a lack of financial reward for physiotherapists and therefore question international competitive ability. Conflicts are often found in the process of Return-to-Sport decision making since coaches are members of the elite sports system whereas physiotherapists belong to the health system. Furthermore, different employment models can lead to different engagement, because coaches in elite sports usually have a permanent position whereas physiotherapists usually work as freelancers for a low fee. Conclusion By delivering qualitative-empiric insight into the cooperation between coaches and sports physiotherapists in German elite sports, the project identifies starting points for its further improvement. Results verify the need for further research and relevance for the elite sports system. Recommended plans of action and case studies will be provided to organizations in elite sports and to the project’s cooperation partners. References Kuckartz, U., & Rädiker, S. (2020). Fokussierte Interviewanalyse mit MAXQDA, Schritt für Schritt [Focused interview analysis with MAXQDA, step by step]. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31468-2 Luhmann, N. (1983). Medizin und Gesellschaftstheorie [Medicine and social theory]. Medizin, Mensch, Gesellschaft, 8, 168–175. Luhmann, N. (1990). Soziologische Aufklärung 5: Konstruktivistische Perspektiven [Sociological enlightenment 5: Constructivist perspectives]. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97005-3_8 Mayring, P. (2015). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen und Techniken [Qualitative content analysis: Basics and techniques] (12th ed.). Beltz Pädagogik. Niederberger, M., & Renn, O. (2018). Das Gruppendelphi-Verfahren: Vom Konzept bis zur Anwendung [The Group Delphi Process: From concept to application ]. Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18755-2 Steinmann, A., Jaitner, D., & Himmelseher, N. (2019). “One aspect of the coaching business.” Function and role of sports physiotherapists from the perspective of coaches in German elite athletics. Sports Coaching Review, 9(3), 253-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2019.1657680

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Savić, Vladimir. "Molekularna detekcija i filoegenijska analiza adenovirusa povezanog s fatalnom bolesti juvenilnih bradatih agama (Pogona vitticeps) u Hrvatskoj". Veterinarska stanica 53, n. 4 (3 dicembre 2021): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.53.4.10.

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Australski su gušteri, bradate agame (Pogona vitticeps), vrlo popularni kućni ljubimci koji se uzgajaju u zatočeništvu u brojnim zemljama, a međunarodna trgovina ove vrste guštera nije zanemariva. Bradate agame su osjetljive na infekciju adenovirusom agamida tipa 1 (BDAdv-1) čiji je uzročnik usko povezan s raznim kliničkim znacima poput: iznenadne smrti, letargije, slabosti, proljeva, dehidracije, anoreksije, zaostajanja u rastu i neuroloških simptoma koji nastaju zbog oštećenja jetara. Opisana je fatalna bolest dviju juvenilnih bradatih agama u Hrvatskoj tijekom koje je detektirana infekcija adenovirusom. Osim slabosti, anoreksije, kaheksije i dehidracije, u jedne agame je bio naglašen opistotonus. U fecesu agama je postupkom lančane reakcije polimerazom dokazan adenovirus, dok je nukleotidnim sekvenciranjem i filogenijskom analizom nađena visoka podudarnost s BDAdv-1 izolatima iz bradatih agama u SAD-u, Austriji i Njemačkoj (>99,6 %-100 %), ali i s BDAdv-1 iz slobodnoživućih bradatih agama u Australiji (>99,2 %). Pokušaj izdvajanja virusa kroz dvije pasaže u pačjim embrijima ili deset pasaža u kokošjim embrijima nije dao pozitivan rezultat.

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Remund, Cédric, e Paul Tuchmann. "U. S. vs. EU Insider Trading Regulation: Risks and Challenges from a European Perspective". European Company and Financial Law Review 20, n. 5-6 (1 dicembre 2023): 822–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2023-0032.

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Abstract 822In an ever more globalized financial market, investors are increasingly exposed to regulation and enforcement by multiple jurisdictions with varying rules, including different insider trading regimes. From a European perspective, potential exposure to the U. S. insider trading regime is particularly challenging. Especially for the non-U. S. practitioner, the U. S. insider prohibition is very complex and offers little legal certainty. And this uncertainty is all the more problematic for Europeans because the U. S. insider ban applies extraterritorially. Even more worrying, violations of the U. S. insider trading regime are often met with harsh consequences, ranging from stiff prison sentences to ruinous financial penalties. First, this article broadly outlines the contours of the U. S. insider trading regime as well as the current state of play for insider trading enforcement under U. S. law. Second, it outlines the fearsome (extra-) territorial reach of the U. S. insider trading ban, to allow a better assessment of a European’s potential exposure to the U. S. insider trading regime in different situations. Third, it highlights the main differences between the U. S. and the EU insider trading regulations, to identify the areas in which market participants on both sides of the Atlantic should be particularly cautious.

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Piya, Sujan, Huaxian Ma, Priyanka Sharma, Kensuke Kojima, Vivian Ruvolo, Mahesh Basyal, Natalia Baran et al. "Inhibition of De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis Depletes Acute Myleogenous Leukemia Stem Cells (LSCs) Burden and Triggers Apoptosis and Differentiation Associated with Oxidative Stress". Blood 138, Supplement 1 (5 novembre 2021): 2249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-148136.

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Abstract Background: De novo nucleotide synthesis is necessary to meet the enormous demand for nucleotides, other macromolecules associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression 1, 2, 3 4. Hence, we hypothesized that targeting de novo nucleotide synthesis would lead to the depletion of the nucleotide pool, pyrimidine starvation and increase oxidative stress preferentially in leukemic cells compared to their non-malignant counterparts, impacting proliferative and differentiation pathways. Emvododstat (PTC299) is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme for de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis that is currently in a clinical trial for the treatment of AML. Objectives: The goals of these studies were to understand the emvododstat-mediated effects on leukemia growth, differentiation and impact on Leukemia Stem Cells(LSCs). Comprehensive analyses of mitochondrial function, metabolic signaling in PI3K/AKT pathways, apoptotic signatures, and DNA damage responses were carried out. The rationale for clinical testing emvododstat was confirmed in an AML-PDX model. Results: Emvododstat treatment in cytarabine-resistant AML cells and primary AML blasts induced apoptosis, differentiation, and reduced proliferation, with corresponding decreased in cell number and increases in annexin V- and CD14-positive cells. Indeed, the inhibition of de novo nucleotide synthesis compromises the dynamic metabolic landscape and mitochondrial function, as indicated by alterations in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and mitochondrial ROS/membrane potential and corresponding differentiation, apoptosis, and/or inhibition of proliferation of LSCs. These effects can be reversed by the addition of exogenous uridine and orotate. Further immunoblotting and mass cytometry (CyTOF) analyses demonstrated changes in apoptotic and cell signaling proteins (cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3) and DNA damage responses (TP53, γH2AX) and PI3/AKT pathway downregulation in response to emvododstat. Importantly, emvododstat treatment reduced leukemic cell burden in a mouse model of AML PDX ( Complex karyotype ,mutation in ASXL1, IDH2, NRAS), decreased levels of leukemia stem cells frequency (1 in 522,460 Vs 1 in 3,623,599 in vehicle vs emvododstat treated mice), and improved survival. The median survival 40 days vs. 30 days, P=0.0002 in primary transplantation and 36 days vs 53.5 days, P=0.005 in secondary transpantation in a PDX mouse model of human AML. This corresponded with a reduction in the bone marrow burden of leukemia and increased expression of differentiation markers in mice treated with emvododstat (Fig. 1). These data demonstrate effect of emvododstat on mitochondrial functions . Conclusion: Inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis triggers differentiation, apoptosis, and depletes LSCs in AML models. Emvododstat is a novel dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor being tested in a clinical trial for the treatment of myeloid malignancies and COVID-19. Keywords: AML, emvododstat, DHODH, apoptosis, differentiation References: 1 Thomas, D. & Majeti, R. Biology and relevance of human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Blood 129, 1577-1585, doi:10.1182/blood-2016-10-696054 (2017). 2 Quek, L. et al. Genetically distinct leukemic stem cells in human CD34- acute myeloid leukemia are arrested at a hemopoietic precursor-like stage. The Journal of experimental medicine 213, 1513-1535, doi:10.1084/jem.20151775 (2016). 3 Villa, E., Ali, E. S., Sahu, U. & Ben-Sahra, I. Cancer Cells Tune the Signaling Pathways to Empower de Novo Synthesis of Nucleotides. Cancers (Basel) 11, doi:10.3390/cancers11050688 (2019). 4 DeBerardinis, R. J. & Chandel, N. S. Fundamentals of cancer metabolism. Sci Adv 2, e1600200, doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600200 (2016). Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Weetall: PTC therapeutics: Current Employment. Sheedy: PTC therapeutics: Current Employment. Ray: PTC therapeutics: Current Employment. Andreeff: Karyopharm: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Oxford Biomedica UK: Research Funding; Aptose: Consultancy; Daiichi-Sankyo: Consultancy, Research Funding; Syndax: Consultancy; Breast Cancer Research Foundation: Research Funding; Reata, Aptose, Eutropics, SentiBio; Chimerix, Oncolyze: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Novartis, Cancer UK; Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS), German Research Council; NCI-RDCRN (Rare Disease Clin Network), CLL Foundation; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Senti-Bio: Consultancy; Medicxi: Consultancy; ONO Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Glycomimetics: Consultancy. Borthakur: ArgenX: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Protagonist: Consultancy; Astex: Research Funding; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center: Current Employment; Ryvu: Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: Consultancy.

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Mihaljević, Željko, e Šimun Naletilić. "Forenzička patologija u prosuđivanju zlostavljanja životinja - usmrćivanje životinja vatrenim oružjem". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 2 (27 marzo 2020): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.2.11.

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Zlostavljanje životinja je oduvijek poznato kao zločin sam po sebi i predstavlja važan indikator zločinačkog ponašanja počinitelja. Veterinarski patolog je pred sudom važna karika u dokazivanju zločina usmrćivanja životinje vatrenim oružjem. Na Hrvatskom veterinarskom institutu forenzički se prosuđuje najviše usmrćenih konja i pasa. Svaki od ovih slučajeva je iznimno težak i s puno koraka u obradi. U suradnji s državnim odvjetništvom zadaća veterinarskog patologa je da na jasan i nedvojben način opiše što se dogodilo s usmrćenom životinjom. Pri tome materijalni dokazi kao što su: izvješće patologa, projektil, fotografije životinje i ozljeda, dlaka s barutnim česticama, veličina te položaj ulazne i izlazne rane, kao i drugi tragovi imaju presudnu ulogu u sudskom procesu. Ovaj tekst objedinjuje naša iskustva s forenzičkim prosuđivanjem zlostavljanja životinja usmrćivanjem vatrenim oružjem i na logički način pokušava stvoriti sliku o načinu razmišljanja i prikupljanju dokaznog materijala u ovakvim slučajevima.

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Jaki Tkalec, Vesna, Željko Cvetnić, Silvio Špičić, Željko Pavlinec, Luka Cvetnić, Miroslav Benić, Jadranka Sokolović, Maja Kiš e Sanja Furmeg. "Nalaz patogenih bakterija u sirovom mlijeku i mliječnim proizvodima s posebnim osvrtom na vrstu Yersinia enterocolitica". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 5 (17 agosto 2020): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.5.9.

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U sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj meki svježi sir se tradicionalno proizvodi po nepisanoj recepturi od sirovog kravljeg mlijeka. Mlijeko predstavlja idealan supstrat za rast i razmnožavanje brojnih mikroorganizama, mnogih uzročnika zoonoza tako i vrste Y. enterocolitica. Tijekom naših istraživanja pretraženo je 159 uzoraka, od toga 109 uzoraka sirovog kravljeg mlijeka i 50 uzoraka svježeg kravljeg sira i vrhnja. Y. enterocolitica izdvojena je iz 2 (1,8 %) uzorka sirovog mlijeka. Od 50 uzoraka mliječnih proizvoda (sir i vrhnje) u 16 (32 %) dokazana je E.coli, u 12 (24 %) uzoraka S. aureus te u 1 (2 %) uzoraka L. innocua. Osim njih u 15 (13,8 %) uzoraka sirovog mlijeka i 24 (48 %) uzoraka svježeg sira i vrhnja izdvojene su enterobakterije, a biokemijski su identificirane vrste: S. marcescens, S. liquefaciens, M. morganii, C. freundii i C. braakii. Bakterije iz roda Salmonella i L. monocytogenes nisu dokazane u istraživanim uzorcima. Nakon provedene biokemijske identifikacije, dva soja identificirana kao vrsta Y. enterocolitica pretraženi su na molekularnoj razini, molekularnom pretragom dobiven je potvrdni rezultat samo kod jednog uzorka, što je usporedivo s rezultatima drugim istraživanja. Zbog zahtjevne identifikacije bakterijske vrste Y. enterocolitica, kombiniranom primjenom uzgojnih i molekularnih metoda dobiju se pouzdaniji i brži rezultati identifikacije. Sirovo mlijeko i vrhnje od sirovog mlijeka izvor su patogenih mikroorganizama (E. coli i S. aureus) i drugih enterobakterija, a našim istraživanjem dokazali smo i patogenu bakterijsku vrstu Y. enterocolitica koja predstavlja potencijalni rizik za zdravlje potrošača i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Y. enterocolitica je znatno otporna na procese u proizvodnji hrane (dezinfekcija, niski pH, salinitet, preživljavanje u hladnijim uvjetima) te u budućnosti zaslužuje veću pažnju i nadzor u proizvodnji hrane.

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Sukalić, Tomislav, Marko Samardžija, Jadranka Jurmanović, Branko Bačanek, Jozo Grbavac, Željko Cvetnić, Ana Končurat, Ivica Pavljak e Dražen Đuričić. "Antimikrobna osjetljivost uzročnika mastitisa krava s područja sjeverozapadne Hrvatske u razdoblju od 2014. do 2018. godine". Veterinarska stanica 52, n. 2 (2021): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.52.2.10.

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U ovom su radu prikazani rezultati mikrobioloških pretraga sekreta vimena krava s različitim oblicima upala mliječnih žlijezda. Pretraženi su uzorci tijekom pet godina dostavljani u Laboratorij za dijagnostiku Veterinarskog zavoda Križevci, podrijetlom iz 7 županija sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Uzorci su pretraženi konvencionalnim mikrobiološkim metodama u aerobnim uvjetima. Ukupno je obrađeno 1264 uzorka, a pozitivan rezultat ustvrđen je u 983 slučaja ili 77,76 % uzoraka. Pri tome je izdvojeno 967 sojeva bakterija; u 9 slučajeva izdvojene su kvasnice, a u 7 slučajeva alge. Osjetljivost prema antimikrobnim lijekovima određivana je disk-difuzijskom metodom. Od pozitivnih mikrobioloških nalaza 14,24 % izolata pripada vrsti Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a između njih je 60 % rezistentno na OX. Sojevi S. aureus pokazali su najvišu osjetljivost prema AMC (91,4 %) te prema CEQ (90,7 %). Koagulaza–negativni stafilokoki (CNS) čine 19,23 % pozitivnih slučajeva, s najboljom osjetljivosti prema CEQ (84,6 %). Streptococcus agalactiae ustanovljen je u 3,36 % pozitivnih uzoraka, a pokazao je dobru osjetljivost prema CPZ i CEQ (87,9 %). Ostali streptokoki (po Lancefieldovoj grupe C, D i ostale) čine 39,47 % pozitivnih nalaza i pokazali su najbolju osjetljivost prema AMC (95,4 %) i CEQ (92,8 %). Od Gram-negativnih bakterija među pozitivnim uzorcima najčešće je zastupljena: Escherichia coli (9,46 %), a zatim rodovi Pseudomonas, Enterobacter i Klebsiella (3,46 %, 2,64 % i 0,1 % kako slijedi). Kvasnice (Candida spp.) i alge (Prototheca spp.) su izdvojeneumanjeod1%slučajeva.Rezultati pokazuju da je postotak stafilokoknih i streptokoknih mastitisa podjednak onima u dosadašnjim istraživanjima, no uočen je trend povećanja broja rezistentnih sojeva vrste S. aureus. Pouzdan mikrobiološki nalaz s antibiogramom je uz kliničku pretragu temelj kontrole mastitisa u našim uvjetima, jer različite vrste mikrorganizma zahtijevaju različite pristupe u liječenju, kao što su izbor antibiotika, cijepljenje, zasušivanje četvrti ili kao zadnji izbor izlučenje životinje.

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38

Ochel, Wolfgang. "Welfare to Work in the U. S.: A Model for Germany?" FinanzArchiv 59, n. 1 (2003): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/0015221032906144.

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39

Stiefel, Ernst C., Rolf Sturner e Astrid Stadler. "The Enforceability of Excessive U. S. Punitive Damage Awards in Germany". American Journal of Comparative Law 39, n. 4 (1991): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840741.

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40

Faraguna, Siniša, Ozren Smolec, Marija Lipar, Tomislav Bosanac, Ana Ševerdija, Đivo Ljubičić, Marko Marinović e Ivo Kokalj. "Sindrom abdominalnog odjeljka u pasa". Veterinarska stanica 53, n. 6 (29 aprile 2022): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.53.6.11.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sindrom abdominalnog odjeljka predstavlja karakteristično stanje s povišenim vrijednostim intraabdominalnog tlaka višim od 12 mmHg, dilatacijom abdomena popraćeno zatajenjem unutarnjih organa: bubrega, pluća i krvožilnog sustava. Budući da se uz njega često javljaju i brojne komplikacije kao i zatajenje brojnih organskih sustava razvoj sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka predstavlja vrlo opasno i hitno stanje s visokom stopom mortaliteta. U humanoj medicini, ovaj sindrom je prepoznat već godinama, a do sada je dobro istražena i opisana njegova klasifikacija, etiologija, patofiziologija, klinička slika, dijagnostički postupci kao i smjernice za uspješno liječenje. U veterinarskoj medicini pojava ovoga sindroma u kliničkoj praksi vrlo često prolazi nedijagnosticirano. Zbog širokog spektra nespecifičnih simptoma koji se kod ovog oboljenja javljaju u pasa, kao i zbog prilično rijetkog prakticiranja mjerenja vrijednosti intraabdominalnog tlaka, razvoj sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka često se na vrijeme ne prepoznaje i/ili se kao takav pripisuje drugim patološkim stanjima različitih organskih sustava. Iz istog je razloga u veterinarskoj medicini do sada provedeno premalo kliničkih ispitivanja i znanstvenih radova u pasa, koji bi pružali odgovor i detaljnije objasnili etiologiju, mehanizam nastanka, progresiju, adekvatne dijagnostičke postupke te smjernice u liječenju ovoga sindroma. S obzirom da u pasa još uvijek nisu jasno definirane granične vrijednosti intraabdominalnog tlaka, teško je govoriti u kojem se trenutku javlja abdominalna hipertenzija i ako se javi hoće li rezultirati pojavom navedenog sindroma. Postavljanje egzaktne dijagnoze sindroma abdominalnog odjeljka u pasa je otežano s obzirom da do razvoja sindroma može doći zbog različitih traumatskih stanja, ozljeda, opekotina i različitih organskim ili sistemskih bolesti. Smjernice za liječenje za sada u veterinarskoj medicini nisu specifične, nije opisan jasan protokol liječenja u pasa, već se on odvija prema smjernicama preuzetim iz humane medicine. Sigurno je da je potrebno provesti dodatna znanstvena i klinička istraživanja koja će pridonijeti boljem shvaćanju ovoga sindroma. Usvojena nova znanja pridonijet će njegovu lakšem prepoznavanju, dijagnosticiranju i adekvatnom liječenju na dobrobit svih budućih pacijenata.

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41

Pleadin, Jelka, Ksenija Markov, Višnja Vasilj, Jadranka Frece, Tina Lešić e Manuela Zadravec. "Klimatske promjene - Potencijalna prijetnja još znatnijoj pojavnosti mikotoksina". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 6 (2020): 659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.6.8.

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Abstract (sommario):

Tijekom posljednjeg desetljeća znanstven- ici sve više ukazuju na globalno zagrijavanje, dovodeći klimatske promjene u poveznicu s novom strukturom vrsta plijesni producenata mikotoksina po geografskim područjima svi- jeta. Izraženije klimatske promjene mogu u budućnosti izmijeniti otpornost domaćina i interakciju domaćin-patogen te imati znatan utjecaj na razvoj toksikogenih plijesni i produk- ciju mikotoksina kao njihovih sekundarnih metabolita. Novonastala klimatološka situ- acija izaziva sve veću pozornost i zahtijeva nove dijagnostičke alate, kao i nove spoznaje o biološkim karakteristikama poljoprivrednih kultura koje se uzgajaju i genetici toksikogenih plijesni. Zbog sve povoljnijih klimatskih uvjeta za rast Aspergillus flavus na području Europe, u narednom razdoblju postoji povećani rizik od onečišćenja žitarica izrazito toksičnim aflatok- sinima. Ujedno, profil mikotoksigenih vrsta Fusarium počinje se sve znatnije mijenjati, a posebno je zabrinjavajući porast onečišćenja s F. graminearum u sjevernom i središnjem dije- lu Europe. S obzirom na očigledne klimatske promjene, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja koja uključuju „prediktivne modele“ s više vari- jabli, a koji bi u bliskoj budućnosti omogućili kvalitetni pristup strategiji prevencije kontam- inacije toksikotvornim plijesnima i mikotok- sinima u hrani i hrani za životinje.

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42

Burović, Jasmin. "Izolacija bakterijskih patogena kod klinički manifestnih mastitisa mliječnih goveda i njihova antimikrobna osjetljivost u zeničkoj regiji u 2017. godini". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 1 (4 febbraio 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.1.5.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ova studija predstavlja podatke prikupljene iz Veterinarske stanice “Zevet” d.o.o. Zenica, Bosna i Hercegovina o zastupljenosti bakterijskih patogena kod klinički prisutnih mastitisa mliječnih goveda i profilima njihove antimikrobne osjetljivosti. Za laboratorijsku izolaciju obrađena su 52 uzorka od kojih su 23 bila bakteriološki pozitivna. Najčešći izolati bili su Staphylococcus aureus u 21,74 % uzoraka i Streptococcus agalactiae u 17,39 % izolira- nih uzoraka, koagulaza-negativni stafilokoki (13,04 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13,04 %), Ente- rococcus spp. (8,70 %), Escherichia coli (8,70 %), Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter, Serratia spp. i Yersinia enterocolitica (4,35 %). Najveća antimikrobna otpornost među izolatima primjećena je na benzilpenicilin (56,25 %) i oksitetraciklin (46,15 %) s ukupnom otpornosti na uporabljena antimikrobna sredstava od 25,99 %. Na tri testirana antimikrobna sredstva (neomicin, klindamicin i cefotaksim) izolati nisu pokazali otpornost. Ostali antibiotici na koje je primijećena niska ukupna otpornost su ciprofloksacin (5,56 %) i ofloksacin (6,67 %). Samo jedan izolat nije pokazao nikakvu otpornost na testirane antimikrobike (S. aureus). Najveću otpornost među izolatima pokazao je Enterococcus spp., pokazujući senzibilitet samo za tetracikline. S. aureus je pokazao otpornost na benzilpenicilin i cefaleksin u 60 % slučajeva. Svi izolati S. agalactiae su bili otporni na tetracikline, oksitetracikline i gentamicin. Koagulaza negativni stafilokoki pokazali su otpornost na cefaleksin u dva slučaja i otpornost na benzilpenicilin, eri- tromicin i oksacilin u jednom izolatu. Klebsiella pneumoniae je pokazala otpornost na cefaleksin, amoksicilin i benzilpenicilin u svim ispitivanim izolatima, a pokazala je i otpornost na tetracikline u dva izolata. Svi ostali izolati pokazali su otpornost prema najmanje jednom testiranom antimikrobiku. U 46 slučajeva se odmah pristu- palo liječenju s 86,96 % uspjehom koji je procijenjen na osnovu izostanka kliničkog relapsa i smanjenja broja somatskih stanica u dopuštene granice za tri tjedna nakon provedene terapije.

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43

Trninić, Krešimir, Denis Cvitković e Marina Pavlak. "Analiza rezultata kontrole na terenu poljoprivrednih gospodarstava s obzirom na sukladnost prema određenim čimbenicima rizika". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 6 (1 luglio 2020): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.6.6.

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Agencija za plaćanja u poljoprivredi, ribarstvu i ruralnom razvoju osnovana je Zakonom o osnivanju Agencije za plaćanja u poljoprivredi, ribarstvu i ruralnom razvoju kao javna ustanova radi operativne provedbe mjera tržišne i strukturne potpore u poljoprivredi, ribarstvu i ruralnom razvoju koja ima za cilj razvoj i održivost poljoprivredne stočarske proizvodnje. Za provođenje tih mjera, po uzoru na legislativu EU, u Hrvatskoj je 2011. godine uspostavljen Integrirani administrativni i kontrolni sustav (IAKS) s ciljem točne identifikacije podnositelja zahtjeva i praćenja rezultata kontrola na terenu. Na odabranim poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima kontrola na terenu provodi se temeljem analize rizika i slučajnim odabirom. U ovom radu prikazano je istraživanje i analiza podataka o provedenim kontrolama na terenu od 2011. do 2018. godine. Ukupno je obrađeno i analizirano 17.344 rezultata provedene kontrole na terenu, tj. pregledanih gospodarstva. Analizom podataka o provedenim kontrolama na terenu na gospodarstvima ustvrđeno da je udio nesukladnosti u pregledanom uzorku gospodarstava u 2018. godini bio veći (79,83 %) nego 2011. godine (66,46 %). Statistički značajno manji broj nesukladnosti ustanovljen je tijekom 2015. i 2016. godine. Udio nađenih nesukladnosti u pojedinim županijama kretao se od 37,29 % u Krapinsko-zagorskoj župainji pa do 75,69 % u Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj župaiji. U 12 županija u području centralne i zapadne Hrvatske i Slavonije i Baranje, nađene su nesukladnosti na 50 % do 65 % gospodarstava. Porast nesukladnosti životinja može se objasniti kombinacijom faktora rizika, koja se određuje iznova prije svake kontrolne godine, temeljem analize učinkovitosti faktora rizika iz prošlih godina te uvođenjem praćenja novih parametara vezanih za dobrobit životinja, kratkoćom vremena za prilagodbu i nedostatnom edukacijom poljoprivrednika.

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Jung, Christopher, e Dirk Schindler. "Precipitation Atlas for Germany (GePrA)". Atmosphere 10, n. 12 (23 novembre 2019): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120737.

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A new approach for modeling daily precipitation (RR) at very high spatial resolution (25 m × 25 m) was introduced. It was used to develop the Precipitation Atlas for Germany (GePrA). GePrA is based on 2357 RR time series measured in the period 1981–2018. It provides monthly percentiles (p) of the large-scale RR patterns which were mapped by a thin plate spline interpolation (TPS). A least-squares boosting (LSBoost) approach and orographic predictor variables (PV) were applied to integrate the small-scale precipitation variability in GePrA. Then, a Weibull distribution (Wei) was fitted to RRp. It was found that the mean monthly sum of RR ( R R ¯ s u m ) is highest in July (84 mm) and lowest in April (49 mm). A great dependency of RR on the elevation (ε) was found and quantified. Model validation at 425 stations showed a mean coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.80 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of less than 10 mm in all months. The high spatial resolution, including the effects of the local orography, make GePrA a valuable tool for various applications. Since GePrA does not only describe R R ¯ s u m , but also the entire monthly precipitation distributions, the results of this study enable the seasonal differentiation between dry and wet period at small scales.

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45

Kudumija, Nina, Ana Vulić, Tina Lešić, Lidija Dergestin Bačun, Zrinka Dugonjić Odak e Jelka Pleadin. "Sorbic acid – an additive with antimicrobial action in foods of animal origin". Veterinarska stanica 55, n. 2 (21 agosto 2023): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.2.6.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sorbinska kiselina i njezine soli, kalijev i kalcijev sorbat prehrambeni su aditivi, odnosno konzervansi s antimikrobnim djelovanjem koji inhibicijski djeluju na plijesni i kvasce, ali i na neke bakterije. Sorbinska kiselina, zbog navedenih svojstava, ima široku primjenu uprehrambenoj industriji, a naročito za konzerviranje mliječnih proizvoda, slastičarskih i pekarskih proizvoda, majoneza, namaza, suhog voća, vina te za površinsku obradu prerađenih mesnih proizvoda. Mehanizan antimikrobnog djelovanja sorbata još nije u potpunosti istražen. Preporučeni dnevni unos sorbinske kiseline iznosi 25 mg/kg tjelesne mase te se smatra najmanje tosičnim konzervansom, iako u kombinaciji s drugim aditivima može stvarati spojeve štetne za zdravlje. Kako bi se utvrdilo moguće prekoračenja najveće dopuštene količine (NDK) sorbinske kiseline u proizvodima životinjskog podrijetla, tijekom petogodišnjeg razdoblja (2018. - 2022.) s hrvatskog tržišta prikupljeno je i analizirano 725 uzoraka, od čega 445 uzoraka mliječnih proizvoda i 280 uzoraka mesnih proizvoda. Od ukupnog broja uzoraka, sorbinska kiselina detektirana je u 37 uzoraka. Količina sorbinske kiseline u mesnim proizvodima kretala se u rasponu 6-73 mg/kg te u mliječnim proizvodima 6-797 mg/kg. U niti jednom od analiziranih uzoraka nije određena količina ovog aditiva veća od NDK definirane zakonodavstvom. Međutim, u cilju zaštite zdravlja potrošača nužna je daljnja sustavna kontrola ovog prehrambenih aditiva.

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46

Đuričić, Dražen, Iva Kilvain e Marko Samardžija. "Fiziologija rasplođivanja kamelida - Anatomija spolnih organa i spolna zrelost I. dio". Veterinarska stanica 51, n. 4 (12 giugno 2020): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.4.3.

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Abstract (sommario):

U prirodnim uvjetima rasplodna učinkovitost kamelida je relativno niska, a fiziologija rasplodnje se razlikuje u usporedbi s drugim domaćim životinjama. Generacijski interval je relativno dug, jer mužjaci kasno spolno sazrijevaju, a ženke imaju produženu gestaciju u odnosu na ostale domaće preživače. Kamelidi su sezonski poliestrične životinje čija je sezona pod utjecajem raznih čimbenika. Tijekom rasplodne sezone primjećuje se stalan razvoj funkcionalnih folikularnih valova. Ženke imaju induciranu ovulaciju, a ovulacija se inducira parenjem. Jednogrbe deve se smatraju spolno zrelima u dobi od dvije godine, ali su rasplodno zrele u dobi s 3 - 4, a mužjaci u dobi od 4 - 5 godina. Alpake dosegnu spolnu zrelost u dobi od 12 - 14 mjeseci te se mogu pripustiti nakon 18 mjeseci, a mužjaci nakon 2 godine. Spolni ciklus u kamelida traje 2 - 3 tjedna, a estrus od 3 do 4 dana. Tijekom estrusa ženka je sposobna za pripust, odnosno umjetno osjemenjivanje, što pokazuje karakterističnim promjenama u ponašanju i izgledu vanjskih spolnih organa. Parenje se odvija u sjedećem stavu. Svaki ejakulat kamelida je malog volumena, ali velike viskoznosti i sadrži nisku koncentraciju spermija.

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47

Morange, P. E., D. Bastelica, M. F. Bonzi, B. Van Hoef, D. Collen, I. Juhan-Vague e H. R. Lijnen. "Influence of t-PA and u-PA on Adipose Tissue Development in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 87, n. 02 (2002): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612990.

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SummaryTo investigate the potential role of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in development of adipose tissue, we have used a nutritionally induced obesity model in t-PA (t-PA−/−) and u-PA (u-PA−/−) deficient mice. Five week old male wild-type (WT), t-PA−/− or u-PA−/− mice (n = 9 to 16) were fed a high fat diet (HFD, 42% fat). After 16 weeks of HFD, the body weight of t-PA−/− mice was significantly higher than that of WT mice (48 ± 1.1 g vs. 39 ± 2.2 g, p = 0.004). The total weight of the isolated subcutaneous (sc) fat deposit was higher in t-PA−/− than in WT mice (2.4 ± 0.22 g vs. 1.2 ± 0.29 g, p = 0.002), accompanied with higher adipocyte diameters (80 ± 1.7 µm vs. 61 ± 4.7 µm, p < 0.01). These differences were not observed in the intra-abdominal fat deposit. The number of stroma cells in both adipose tissue territories was increased in t-PA−/− as compared to WT mice (2.0 ± 0.13 vs. 1.5 ± 0.10 p = 0.02 and 3.0 ± 0.17 vs 1.6 ± 0.17, p = 0.0001, stroma cells/ adipocytes in sc and intra-abdominal tissue, respectively), partly as a result of an increased number of endothelial cells (192 ± 9 vs. 154 ± 18 p = 0.06 and 108 ± 13 vs. 69 ± 8 p = 0.04 CD31 stained/adipocyte area). In contrast the weight gain and adipose tissue development in u-PA−/− mice was not different from that in WT mice. These data suggest that t-PA but not u-PA plays a role in adipose tissue development.

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48

Puntarić, Ada, Đurđica Božić Luburić, Ivana Varenina, Nina Bilandžić, Marina Krpan e Mirjana Hruškar. "Sedativi u veterinarskoj medicini i njihovo određivanje". Veterinarska stanica 52, n. 2 (2 febbraio 2021): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.52.2.11.

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Abstract (sommario):

Sedativi, kao veterinarsko-medicinski proizvodi koji se koriste na životinjama za proizvodnju hrane netom prije samog klanja životinje, predstavljaju potencijalni rizik za zdravlje potrošača zbog povećane mogućnosti zaostajanja njihovih rezidua u proizvodima životinjskog podrijetla. Upravo je zbog zaštite javnog zdravstva bitno provoditi redovitu kontrolu prehrambenih proizvoda, uz korištenje adekvatnih i pouzdanih analitičkih metoda s kojima bi se otkrila eventualna odstupanja od propisanih vrijednosti. Zaostajanje rezidua sedativa u organizmu tretiranih životinja ovisi o mnogo čimbenika, kao što su vrsta primijenjenog sedativa, vrsta životinje na kojoj se sedativ primjenjuje, početna primijenjena doza, kao i način i mjesto primjene, zdravstveno stanje životinje itd. Da bi se rezidue mogle transparentno određivati, bitno je uspostaviti ciljni organ ili tkivo za njihovo određivanje. Na temelju literaturnih podataka, bubreg se ispostavio kao najčešće korišten ciljni organ koji daje pravu sliku o količini prisutnih rezidua. Analitičke metode koje se koriste za određivanje rezidua sedativa mogu biti orijentacijske (imunološki testovi –ELISA) i potvrdne (kromatografske metode poput plinske, tankoslojne, tekućinske kromatografije/tekućinske kromatografije povezane s masenom spektrometrijom). Ipak, standard za njihovo određivanje je tekućinska kromatografija povezana s masenom spektrometrijom. Ova metoda je već poznata kao najpouzdanija metoda za određivanje rezidua raznih kontaminanata u biološkim uzorcima, ne samo sedativa. U današnje vrijeme sve više se koristi tekućinska kromatografija ultra visoke djelotvornosti (UHPLC, engl. Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatohraphy) koja naspram uobičajene tekućinske kromatografije ima veću osjetljivost, preciznost i razlučivost. Stoga UHPLC-MS/MS metoda sa svojom visokom osjetljivošću i selektivnošću prednjači naspram drugih dostupnih metoda. U ovom radu bit će opisani neki od najčešće korištenih sedativa na životinjama za proizvodnju hrane, zajedno s načinima određivanja njihovih rezidua.

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Knöbl, Paul, Guntram Schernthaner, Christoph Schnack, Peter Pietschmann, Sylvia Proidl, Rudolf Prager e Thomas Vukovich. "Haemostatic Abnormalities Persist Despite Glycaemic Improvement by Insulin Therapy in Lean Type 2 Diabetic Patients". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71, n. 05 (1994): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642506.

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SummaryDiabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances of the haemostatic system, which might contribute to the development of diabetic vascular disease. We investigated the effect of metabolic improvement by insulin therapy on the haemostatic system in 61 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondaxy sulfunyluiea failure compared with 45 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex and BMI. Median age was 65, median diabetes duration 10 years. Median HbA1c (10%) and fructosamine (4.0 mM) levels were elevated before induction of therapy and decreased significantly within 6 months of insulin treatment to 7.5% and 3.0 mM, respectively (p <0.0001). Compared with control subjects, median plasma levels of fibrinogen (317 vs 286 mg/dl), coagulation factor VII activity (1.1 vs 0.89 U/1), von Willebrand factor (1.6 vs 1.3 U/1), D-dimer (105 vs 86 jug/1), protein C:Ag (1.24 vs 0.95 U/1), total protein S:Ag (1.15 vs 0.91 U/1), and antithrombin III activity (1.17 vs 1.08 U/1) were significantly elevated. Levels of free protein S were not different from control values. No significant decline of coagulation parameters could be recorded during insulin therapy. Patients with diabetic vasculopathy had higher levels of D-dimer than those without (133 vs 76 μg/1 before, 109 vs 88 μg/1 during therapy), whereas the other haemostatic parameters were not different. Our data indicate a significant activation of the coagulation system in diabetic patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea drugs, with signs of a prethrombotic state and endothelial cell disturbance. Induction of insulin therapy results in a significant improvement of glycaemic and lipid metabolism, but the persisting enhanced activity state of the haemostatic system might contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality of type 2 diabetic patients.

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Vulić, Ana, Tina Lešić, Lidija Dergestin Bačun, Zrinka Dugonjić Odak, Jelka Pleadin e Nina Kudumija. "Usporedba sadržaja antioksidansa u različitim mesnim proizvodima s hrvatskog tržišta". Veterinarska stanica 55, n. 6 (29 aprile 2024): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.55.6.10.

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Food additives are defined as any substance not normally consumed as a food itself and not normally used as a characteristic ingredient of food, whether or not it has nutritive value. Antioxidants are a class of food additives that can be added to meat products to prevent lipid oxidation, retard development of off-flavours, or improve colour stability. Ascorbic acid (AA) and erythorbic acid (EA) are antioxidants permitted for use in meat preparations and meat products. This study aimed to compare the content of AA and EA in dry and semidry sausages collected on the Croatian market during a 4-year period and to determine their conformity with consumer safety regulations. AA and EA were analysed by a validated UHPLC method with a limit of detection and limit of quantification below 3 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of AA in dry sausages ranged from 13 to 457 mg/kg and in semi-dry sausages from 170 to 545 mg/kg, while the concentration of EA ranged from 198to 472 mg/kg in dry sausages and from 14 to 400 mg/kg in semi-dry sausages. In total, 12 samples (8.9%) were non-compliant due to an excessive concentration of EA.

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