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1
Hund, Erik A. "U-Pb dating of granites from the Charlotte belt of the southern Appalachians". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45758.
Abstract (sommario):
New U-Pb zircon ages from plutons in the Charlotte belt of the southern Appalachians have provided evidence of Cambro-Ordovician and Siluro-Devonian magmatic activity. Several U-Pb zircon ages of Cambro-Ordovician plutons predate their Rb-Sr whole rock ages by as much as 60 m.y., suggesting a post emplacement disturbance of the Rb-Sr isotopic systems. Comparison of geologic setting, chemistry, and temporal and spatial distribution of Charlotte belt Siluro-Devonian plutons with those of other tectonic environments, specifically plutons from tensional environments, suggests a model for strike-slip accretion.Master of Science
2
Sakata, Shuhei. "Development of analytical technique for precise age determination of Quaternary zircons with the correction of the initial disequilibrium on U-Th-Pb decay series using a laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199112.
3
Eastwood, Alan Andrew. "The Tahorakuri Formation: Investigating the early evolution of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in buried volcanic rocks at Ngatamariki and Rotokawa geothermal fields". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8925.
Abstract (sommario):
The Tahorakuri Formation was introduced as a stratigraphic term to simplify the sometimes complex and inconsistent naming conventions in subsurface deposits within the geothermal fields of the central Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ). It consists of all volcaniclastic and sedimentary deposits between the ~350 ka Whakamaru-group ignimbrites and the greywacke basement that cannot be correlated with known ignimbrites. As such, it represents a long period in which relatively little is known about the volcano-tectonic history of the TVZ. The thesis focuses on the Tahorakuri Formation at Ngatamariki and Rotokawa geothermal fields and the implications for the volcano-tectonic evolution of the TVZ. Drill cuttings from wells NM5 and NM6 are re-examined, and new U-Pb zircon dates from the Tahorakuri Formation are presented and implications discussed.
Potassium feldspars identified in the drill cuttings from NM5 were examined by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe (EMP) analysis. Although petrographically many of the feldspars appear similar to sanidine, a primary volcanic mineral phase, this showed them to be adularia which formed during hydrothermal alteration. Raman spectroscopy was found to be ideal for analysing a large number of grains quickly, with the spectral peak at ~140 cm⁻¹ being particularly useful for identifying adularia as it is absent in sanidine. EMP analysis was found to be somewhat slower, but definitively identified the feldspars as adularia, with typical potassium-rich compositions of Or₉₄-Or₉₉.
U-Pb dating shows that the Tahorakuri Formation formed over a very long time, with pyroclastic deposits ranging from 1.89 - 0.70 Ma. This was followed by a period with little or no explosive volcanism until ~0.35 Ma during which sediments were deposited at Ngatamariki. The periods at ~1.9 Ma and ~0.9 Ma were particularly active phases of pyroclastic deposition, with the second phase likely correlating with the Akatarewa ignimbrite. The oldest deposits overlie a large andesitic composite cone volcano. Significant subsidence of the andesite must have preceded emplacement of the silicic deposits, indicating that rifting within the central TVZ may have started earlier than previously thought. While the origin of the deposits is uncertain, the distribution of the oldest deposits outcropping at the surface, as well as the likely early initiation of rifting, would suggest a source within the TVZ is likely.
4
Voice, Peter James. "The Global Detrital Zircon Database: Quantifying the Timing and Rate of Crustal Growth". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27785.
Abstract (sommario):
Published detrital zircon geochronological data was compiled to form the Global Detrital Zircon Database (GDZDb). This database provides a reference block for provenance analysis by future detrital zircon geochronological studies. This project entailed three subprojects: 1. crustal growth/crustal recycling patterns, 2. a provenance study of the Triassic Dry Fork Formation of the Danville-Dan River Rift basin of Virginia and North Carolina, and 3. sample size issues in detrital zircon studies.
The global detrital zircon age frequency distribution exhibits six prominent, statistically significant peaks: 3.2-3.0, 2.7-2.5, 2.0-1.7, 1.2-1.0, 0.7-0.5, and 0.3-0.1 Ga. These peaks are also observed when the data is sorted for continent of origin, the tectonic setting of the host sediment and for modern river sediments. Hf isotope model ages were also incorporated into the database where grains were dated with both U-Pb and Hf isotopes. The Hf isotope model ages suggest that the majority of detrital zircons U-Pb ages reflect crustal recycling events that generated granitic magmatism, as most grains exhibited Hf isotope ages that are much older than the corresponding U-Pb age.
The Triassic Dry Fork Formation was sampled from a site in southern Virginia in the Danville-Dan River Basin. The detrital zircon age frequency distribution for this formation was strongly unimodal with a peak at 400-450 Ma and a paucity of Grenville-age zircons. Comparison of the Dry Fork sample to published east coast data and to the North American record (from the GDZDb) illustrate the unusual nature of the Dry Fork Formation sample. It is probable that older Grenville zircons were blocked from the rift valley by the rift shoulder.
Using the GDZDb a study of sample size was conducted in order to estimate the best sample size to use when trying to constrain the maximum age of sedimentation of the host sediment. Rift basins and active margins exhibited smaller offsets from the youngest zircon grain age to host sediment maximum age than observed in samples from passive margins. This study recommends that at least 50 grains need to be age dated on average in order to best constrain the age of the host sediment.Ph. D.
5
Sanchez, Lohff Sonia K. "Upper plate response to varying subduction styles in the forearc Cook Inlet basin, south-central Alaska". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1530270586819066.
6
Dilles, Zoe Y. G. "Geochronologic and Petrologic Context for Deep Crustal Metamorphic Core Complex Development, East Humboldt Range, Nevada". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/811.
Abstract (sommario):
The Ruby-Humboldt Range in Northeastern Nevada exposes the deepest crust in the western portion of the Sevier Hinterland. The product of unique brittle and ductile accommodations, this block of lower crustal rock is a window into the processes of continental thickening and extension. The structure of the northern tip of the Ruby-Humboldt Range core complex is dominated by a large recumbent fold nappe with a southward closeure cored by Paleoproterozoic-Archean gneissic complexes with complex interdigitated field relationships that record polyphase continental metamorphism. Amphibolite-grade metapelitic rocks within the core and Winchell Lake nappe record a wide range of zircon age dates of metamorphic events the oldest of which at ~2.5 Ga is recorded in adjacent orthogneiss as a crystallization age. At least two younger metamorphic events are recorded within this orthogneiss, most significantly at 1.7-1.8 Ga, an event previously unpublished for this region that links it to Wyoming province activity in addition to inherited component of detrital cores up to 3.7 Ga in age that is among the oldest ages reported in Nevada. The youngest overprint of cretaceous metamorphic overgrowth ranges fro 60-90 Ma in age based on zircon rims in the aforementioned units as well as three garnet amphibolites that intrude the core of the nappe and are interpreted to be metabasic bodies.
7
Marsden, Ruby Connemara. "Further Development and Testing of the Combined U-Thdisequilibrium/ U-Pb and (U-Th)/He Zircon Dating Method and its Application to Quaternary Volcanic Rocks". Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88743.
Abstract (sommario):
Volcanic eruptions that are <1 Ma are significant for geological and archaeological investigations, however these eruptions can be challenging to date. Zircon double-dating (ZDD) is one of the few techniques that can be used to date young volcanic rocks, and combines the (U-Th)/He method with individual zircon crystallisation ages to yield eruption ages. This thesis presents several methodological improvements to the ZDD methodology and applies it to two case studies.
8
Godon, Cécile. "L'érosion dans les environnements glaciaires : exemple du Glacier des Bossons (Massif du Mont-Blanc, Haute-Savoie, France)". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909603.
Abstract (sommario):
Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire ont pour but de mieux définir et quantifier lesprocessus d'érosion actuels en domaine glaciaire et proglaciaire. Le Glacier des Bossons,situé dans le massif du Mont-Blanc (Haute-Savoie, France), est un bon exemple de systèmenaturel non anthropisé permettant d'étudier cette thématique. Il repose sur deux lithologiesprincipales (le granite du Mont-Blanc et le socle métamorphique) et cette singularitépermettra de déterminer l'origine des sédiments glaciaires. Afin de comprendre lesmécanismes d'érosion mécanique et de transport particulaires en domaine glaciaire, lessédiments ont été prélevés à la surface du glacier, sous le glacier et dans les torrents sousglaciaires.L'étude des distributions granulométriques et des provenances des sédiments a étéeffectuée par une analyse lithologique à macro-échelle (à l'oeil nu) et géochimique à microéchelle(datation U-Pb sur zircons). Elles ont permis de préciser les caractéristiques del'érosion et du transport glaciaire. (1) la charge supra-glaciaire issue de l'érosion des versantsrocheux est essentiellement composée de sédiments grossiers et ne se mélange pas ou peu à lacharge sous-glaciaire, excepté au niveau de la langue terminale ; (2) les vitesses d'érosionsous-glaciaire ne sont pas homogènes, l'érosion sous la glace tempérée (0,4-0,8mm.an-1) estau moins seize fois supérieure à celle sous la glace froide (0,025-0,05mm.an-1) ; (3) lessédiments sous-glaciaires contiennent une fraction silteuse et sableuse résultant des processusd'abrasion et de crushing qui est évacuée par les torrents sous-glaciaires. L'acquisition hauterésolutiontemporelle de données hydro-sédimentaires durant la saison de fonte entre le 5 Maiet le 17 Septembre 2010 a permis de définir le comportement saisonnier des fluxhydrologiques et sédimentaires. La majeure partie des flux détritiques est concentrée sur lasaison de fonte, et une quantification de la quantité de sédiments exportés par le torrent desBossons complétée par une mesure régulière de l'évolution de la topographie du systèmefluvio-glaciaire permet d'effectuer un bilan global de l'érosion des domaines glaciaires etproglaciaires. Au cours de l'année 2010, près de 3000 tonnes de sédiments ont été érodés dont430 tonnes se sont déposeés sur le plan des eaux. Grâce à une analyse de l'évolution desconcentrations de matières en suspension en entrée et en sortie de la plaine alluviale fluvioglaciairedu torrent des Bossons, les composantes glaciaires et non-glaciaires de l'érosion ontpu être découplées. L'érosion des moraines dénudées encadrant le plan des eaux au cours desévénements orageux est responsable au minimum de 59% du flux de sédiments transporté parle torrent des Bossons, l'érosion glaciaire (41% du flux) est donc relativement moins efficace.L'évolution à long terme des systèmes glaciaires en période de réchauffement climatiquemontrerait donc une érosion soutenue des environnements proglaciaires (versants et moraines)récemment libéré des glaces et de ce fait une intensification des flux détritiques. Le glacierdes Bossons protège le sommet du Mont-Blanc, l'érosion différentielle entre les zones sous laglace et non-glaciaires pourrait mener à un accroissement de la différence d'altitude entre lesvallées et les sommets.
9
Bootes, Nathaniel R. "Late Cenozoic Offshore Record of Exhumation and Sediment Routing in Southeast Alaska from Detrital Zircon U/Pb and FT double-dating". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592169111121451.
10
Zacca, Patricia Luciana Aver. "40Ar-39Ar em overgrowths de feldspatos potássicos e U-Pb em zircão – aplicação conjunta para o entendimento da Formação Marizal - Bacia do Recôncavo". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72084.
Abstract (sommario):
Unidades litológicas, em particular arenitos, muitas vezes, carecem de um posicionamento cronoestratigráfico preciso. Como os arenitos são importantes rochas-reservatório de hidrocarbonetos e aquíferos, a falta de exatidão nestas informações dificulta a exploração destes bens minerais. A datação relativa de rochas sedimentares pode ser obtida por análise do conteúdo fossilífero ou por correlação estratigráfica. Entretanto, em algumas rochas sedimentares, esta análise não é possível ou tem um caráter duvidoso. Este é o caso da Formação Marizal (Bacia do Recôncavo) que apresenta um histórico controverso sobre a real idade deposicional. A Formação Marizal é um arenito flúvio-eólico cuja idade é discutível e, por isso, sua posição na coluna estratigráfica (aproximadamente Albiniano/Aptiniano), ainda é questionável. Em algumas amostras são encontrados overgrowths de K-feldspatos e nos quais é possível aplicar a técnica de datação 40Ar-39Ar visando obter idades que possam ser relacionadas com processos ocorrentes nestes arenitos (em geral, deposição e/ou diagênese). Entre os minerais pesados existentes nas amostras da Formação Marizal, foram encontrados grãos de zircões. A datação U-Pb de zircões detríticos pode fornecer informações sobre a proveniência desta unidade. Assim, zircões da Formação Marizal foram analisados visando complementar as informações sobre esta unidade, permitindo uma melhor interpretação. Os overgrowths de K-feldspatos indicaram valor de 159.89 ± 23.96 Ma e, para o núcleo detrítico, 432.57 ± 11.89 Ma. O valor médio obtido em torno de 160 Ma, considerando-se que todos os cuidados analíticos e de seleção de amostra foram considerados, é mais antigo do que o esperado. Assim, este valor foi interpretado como indicativo de que o overgrowth teria sido desenvolvido numa rocha fonte sedimentar sendo posteriormente transportado. Esta idade pode ser relacionada a fase pré rifte da Bacia do Recôncavo. O valor confirma ideias existentes de remobilização do substrato da bacia durante a fase rifte. Como tem sido discutido, overgrowths de K-feldspato são estáveis e possíveis de serem transportados por pequenas distâncias, o que corrobora a interpretação acima. Já o valor obtido para o núcleo mostra a contribuição do Paleoprotrozóico adjacente à bacia, retrabalhado no Brasiliano. Em relação ao zircão, a idade do núcleo detrítico de 432,53± 6,54 Ma pode ser associada com a cobertura sedimentar do Paleoproterozóico retrabalhada no ciclo Brasiliano, também observada nos valores U-Pb definidos para os zircões. Em relação ao zircão, os dados indicam ausência aparente de fontes arqueanas. Os resultados mostram duas fontes principais para a sedimentação: uma Rhyaciana (Paleoproterozóico onde ± 53 % dos grãos são “Transamazônicos”) e outra Neoproterozóica-Cambriana (30% dos zircões são “Brasilianos”).Sandstones represent the most important reservoir rocks and aquifers in many sedimentary basins. It is necessary to have a precise chronostratigraphic position in order to provide a better explotation of water or hydrocarbons. Traditionally, the relative dating of sedimentary units is obtained with fossil content or stratigraphic correlation. But in many sedimentary rocks these analyses are not possible and sometimes have a dubious interpretation. This is the case of the Marizal Formation (Recôncavo Basin) where many questions arise when the age of the unit is questioned. The Marizal Formation is a fluvio-eolic sandstone which has been associated with an Albian/Aptian age in the stratigraphic column, although very discussible. Samples of sandstones of Marizal Formation present an important diagenetic overgrowths around K-feldspar detrital cores and they are suitable to 40Ar-39Ar dating concerning the identification of processes in the sandstones (as diagenesis or depositional ages). Among the heavy mineral suite in the Marizal Formation, zircon grains are identified. The U-Pb dating of detrital zircons can provide information about the provenance of the unit allowing better interpretation to the Marizal Formation. The overgrowths of K-feldspar indicated a value of 159.89 ± 23.96 Ma and to the detrital core, 432.57 ± 11.89 Ma. The mean value obtained around 160 Ma, considering that all care and analytical sample selection were considered, is older than expected. So, this was interpreted as indicating that the overgrowth, have been developed in a sedimentary source rock being transported latter to the depositional site. This age may be related to pre-rift stage of the Recôncavo Basin. The value confirms previous ideas of remobilization of the substrate during the rift basin stage. As has been extensively discussed, overgrowths of K-feldspars are stable and can be transported by small distances, which corroborates the above interpretation. The value obtained to the detrital core can be associated with a Paleoproterozoic sedimentary cover reworked in the Brazilian cycle. For zircon U-Pb dating, the data indicate no apparent Archean sources. The results show two main sources for sedimentation: a Rhyacian (Paleoproterozoic where ± 53% of the grains are "Transamazonian") and another Neoproterozoic-Cambrian (30% of zircon are "Brazilian").
11
Jones, Carson L. "U-Pb geochronology of monazite and zircon in Precambrian metamorphic rocks from the Ruby Range, SW Montana deciphering geological events that shaped the NW Wyoming province /". [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1214308001.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). Advisor: Peter Dahl. Keywords: Geochronology; Radiometric Dating; Plate Tectonics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-109).
12
De, Assunção Rodrigues Mariana. "Analyse de la provenance sédimentaire des bassins du Crétacé du système Andes-Amazonie-marge équatoriale et des relations avec la paléogéographie et la tectonique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30363.
Abstract (sommario):
Le Crétacé est caractérisé par d'importants changements paléogéographiques, géodynamiques et climatiques, incluant notamment la formation de nouveaux océans dont l'Océan Atlantique équatorial, la fragmentation continue du Gondwana et des périodes à effet de serre. Tous ces changements sont potentiellement contenus dans les enregistrements sédimentaires des bassins. Le système Andes-Amazonie-Marge équatoriale est un vaste système sédimentaire dont l'évolution géodynamique et paléoenvironnementale est enregistrée dans les bassins d'avant-pays retroarc amazonien, les bassins intracratoniques brésiliens et ceux de la marge équatoriale. Dans la partie occidentale (région andine), des études récentes suggèrent que le début de l'orogenèse andine s'est produit au cours du Crétacé supérieur, mais le développement des systèmes de drainage et la source des sédiments déposés au cours du Crétacé restent encore peu connus. Le Crétacé inférieur est enregistré dans des bassins brésiliens intracratoniques et équatoriaux et témoigne des phases de rifting crustal suivant la fragmentation du Gondwana. Le bassin d'Araripe est un bon exemple de ces bassins puis qu'il contient un registre sédimentaire complet et particulièrement bien étudié. Cependant, l'origine des sédiments issus des différentes étapes tectoniques de la formation de bassin ainsi que la provenance crétacée des incursions marines l'ayant affecté restent à préciser. Cette thèse vise à proposer une reconstruction paléogéographique du système Andes-Amazonie-Marge équatoriale pendant le Crétacé et à analyser les changements géodynamiques et tectoniques qu'ont affecté. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé les méthodes de la provenance et en particulier la géochimie des éléments majeurs et traces, la composition isotopique en Sm et Nd, les âges U-Pb sur zircons. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d'identifier les zones sources du bassin d'Araripe pendent les phases pré, syn et post-rift et ainsi de mieux comprendre la configuration paléogéographique de la région nord-est du Brésil au début du Crétacé. Les sédiments du bassin d'Araripe proviennent principalement des terrains Paléoprotérozoïque (2,3-1,6 Ga) de la province de Borborema et des plutons granitiques du cycle Brasiliano (720-541Ma). Le bassin possède une histoire sédimentaire liée aux phases de rupture de l'Atlantique Sud et équatorial. Pendant la phase pré-rift (~152-135 Ma), le bassin faisait partie de la dépression Afro-Brésilienne et recevait des sédiments en provenance du N-NO. Lors la phase rift (~135-125Ma), il y a eu un changement de source due à rupture continentale et à la formation de l'Atlantique Sud, avec un apport de sédiments en provenance de la partie orientale de la province de Borborema. Pendant la phase post-rift (121-113 Ma), le bassin a cessé d'être alimenté par la partie orientale et les incursions marines ont dominé l'environnement de sédimentation. Enfin, au cours de la phase post-rift II (113-100 Ma) un dernier changement de sources a été observée, avec des sources au NE qui reflètent le moment final de la fragmentation du Gondwana. L'étude de la provenance des sédiments des bassins de l'Amazonie occidentale (Acre et Madre de Dios) indique que les sources sont cratoniques, provenant principalement des terrains Ventuari-Tapajos (2,0 - 1,82 Ga) et Rio Negro - Juruena (1,82 - 1,54 Ga). Ces résultats indiquent qu'un vaste réseau de drainage intracontinental ("Sanozama") qu'a émergé en réponse au soulèvement de l'Arche de Purus et des régions cratoniques du Brésil et des Guyanes pendant l'ouverture de l'océan Atlantique équatorial. L'intégration des résultats obtenue compilée avec les données de la littérature a permis de proposer quatre cartes paléogéographiques de la partie septentrionale de la plate-forme sud-américaine. Ils mettent en évidence comment les mécanismes géodynamiques liées à l'ouverture des océans atlantiques sud et équatoriaux ont contrôlé et façonné la paléogéographie de cette régionThe Cretaceous is characterized by major paleogeographic, geodynamic, and climatic changes, including the formation of new oceans such as the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, the continued fragmentation of Gondwana, and greenhouse effect periods. All these changes are potentially contained in the sedimentary records of the basins. The Andes-Amazonia-Equatorial Margin system is a vast sedimentary system whose geodynamic and palaeoenvironmental evolution is recorded in the Amazonian retroarc foreland basins, the Brazilian intracratonic basins, and those of the equatorial margin. In the western part (Andean region), recent studies suggest that the onset of the Andean orogeny occurred during the Late Cretaceous, but the development of drainage systems and the source of sediments deposited during the Cretaceous are still poorly understood. The Lower Cretaceous is recorded in Brazilian intracratonic and equatorial basins and bears witness to crustal rifting phases following Gondwana's break-up. The Araripe Basin is a good example of these basins since it contains a complete and particularly well-studied sedimentary record. However, the origin of the sediments from the various tectonic stages of basin formation and the Cretaceous origin of the marine incursions that affected it remain to be determined. The aim of this thesis is to propose a palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Andes-Amazonia-Equatorial Margin system during the Cretaceous and to analyze the geodynamic and tectonic changes that affected it. To do this, we used provenance methods, in particular major and trace element geochemistry, Sm and Nd isotopic composition, and U-Pb ages on zircons. The results obtained have enabled us to identify the source zones of the Araripe Basin during the pre-, syn- and post-rift phases and thus to gain a better understanding of the palaeogeographic configuration of the north-eastern region of Brazil at the beginning of the Cretaceous. The sediments in the Araripe basin come mainly from the Palaeoproterozoic (2.3-1.6 Ga) terrains of the Borborema province and the granitic plutons of the Brasiliano cycle (720-541Ma). The basin has a sedimentary history linked to the South Atlantic and equatorial break-up phases. During the pre-rift phase (~152-135 Ma), the basin was part of the Afro-Brazilian depression and received sediments from the N-NW. During the rift phase (~135-125Ma), there was a change in source due to continental break-up and the formation of the South Atlantic, with an influx of sediments from the eastern part of the Borborema province. During the post-rift phase (121-113 Ma), the basin ceased to be fed by the eastern part and marine incursions dominated the sedimentation environment. Finally, during the post-rift II phase (113-100 Ma) a last change in sources was observed, with sources to the NE reflecting the final moment of the fragmentation of Gondwana. A study of the provenance of sediments from the basins of western Amazonia (Acre and Madre de Dios) indicates that the sources are cratonic, originating mainly from the Ventuari-Tapajos (2.0 - 1.82 Ga) and Rio Negro - Juruena (1.82 - 1.54 Ga) terrains. These results indicate that a vast intracontinental drainage network ('Sanozama') emerged in response to the uplift of the Purus Arch and the cratonic regions of Brazil and the Guianas during the opening of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The integration of the results obtained compiled with data from the literature has made it possible to propose four palaeogeographic maps of the northern part of the South American platform. They highlight how geodynamic mechanisms linked to the opening of the South Atlantic and equatorial oceans controlled and shaped the paleogeography of this region
13
Ng, Wai Pan. "Petrogenesis, U-Pb zircon geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Malaysian granite provinces in the Southeast Asian tin belt". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f2f3942-6d64-4a17-b194-08672107aeb2.
Abstract (sommario):
The Malaysian granitoids form the backbone of the Malay Peninsula and have long been recognized as composed of two distinct granitic provinces separated by the Bentong-Raub suture zone:
14
Roell, Jennifer L. "Geochemical evidence for incremental emplacement of Palms pluton, southern California". Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2061.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2009.Title from screen (viewed on February 2, 2010). Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Andrew P. Barth, Gabriel M. Filippelli, Kathy Licht. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-110).
15
Brezina, Cynthia A. "The detrital mineral record of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Central Burma Basin : implications for the evolution of the eastern Himalayan orogen and timing of large scale river capture". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6730.
Abstract (sommario):
This study contributes to the understanding of major river evolution in Southeast Asia during the Cenozoic. In order to trace the evolution of a hypothesized palaeo-Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy River, this work undertakes the first systematic provenance study of detrital minerals from Cenozoic synorogenic fluvial and deltaic sedimentary rocks of the Central Burma Basin, employing a combination of high precision geochronology, thermochronology, and geochemistry analytical techniques on single grain detrital zircon and white mica. The dataset is compared to published isotopic data from potential source terranes in order to determine source provenance and exhumation history from source to sink. A Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy connection existed as far back as ca. 42 Ma and disconnection occurred at 18–20 Ma, based on provenance changes detected using a combination of U-Pb ages and εHf(t) values on detrital zircons, and ⁴ºAr/³⁹Ar dating on detrital micas. During the Eocene and Oligocene, units are dominated by U-Pb age and high positive εHf(t) values, characteristic of a southern Lhasa Gangdese magmatic arc source. An antecedent Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy River system formed the major river draining the eastern Himalaya at this time. A significant change in provenance is seen in the early Miocene, where detritus is predominantly derived from bedrock of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, western Yunnan and Burma, a region drained by the modern Irrawaddy-Chindwin river system characterized by Cenozoic U-Pb ages and negative εHf(t) values. This is attributed to the disconnection of the Yarlung-Irrawaddy River and capture by the proto-Brahmaputra River, re-routing Tibetan Transhimalayan detritus to the eastern Himalayan foreland basin. Re-set zircon fission track ages of 14-8 Ma present in all units is used to infer post-depositional basin evolution related to changes in the stress regime accommodating the continued northward migration of India. The early Miocene initiation of the Jiali-Parlung-Gaoligong-Sagaing dextral shear zone and the continued northward movement of the coupled India-Burma plate aided in focusing deformation inside the syntaxis contributing to the disconnection of the Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy system, linking surface deformation and denudation with processes occurring at deeper crustal levels.
16
Ely, Kim Susan. "Geochronology of Timor-Leste and seismo-tectonics of the southern Banda Arc". Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7063.
Abstract (sommario):
Arc–continent collision is a significant plate boundary process that results in crustal growth. Since the early stages of evolution are often obscured in mature orogens, more complete understanding of the processes involved in arc–continent collision require study of young, active collision settings. The Banda Arc presents an exceptional opportunity to study a young arc–continent collision zone. This thesis presents aspects of the geology and geochronology of Ataúro and the Aileu Complex of Timor-Leste, and the tectonics of the Banda Arc.U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Aileu Complex by LA-ICPMS show major age modes at 270–440 Ma, 860–1240 Ma and 1460–1870 Ma. The youngest zircon populations indicate a maximum depositional age of 270 Ma. The detrital zircon age populations and evidence for juvenile sediments within the sequence favours a synorogenic setting of deposition of sediments sourced from an East Malaya – Indochina terrane.
Previous uncertainty in aspects of the cooling history for the Aileu Complex is resolved with 39Ar/40Ar geochronology of hornblende. Cooling ages of 6–10 Ma are established, with the highest metamorphic grade parts of the Complex yielding the older ages. Cooling ages of 10 Ma imply that metamorphism of the Aileu Complex must have commenced by at least ~12 Ma. Metamorphism at this time is attributed to an arc setting rather than the direct result of collision of the Australian continent with the Banda Arc, an interpretation consistent with the new provenance data.
Geological mapping of Ataúro, an island in the volcanic Banda Arc north of Timor, reveals a volcanic history of bi-modal subaqueous volcanism. 39Ar/40Ar geochronology of hornblende from dacitic lavas confirms that volcanism ceased by ~3 Ma. Following the cessation of volcanism, coral reef marine terraces have been uplifted to elevations of 700 m above sea level. Continuity of the terraces at constant elevations around the island reflects regional-scale uplift most likely linked to sublithospheric processes such as slab detachment.
North of Timor, the near complete absence of intermediate depth seismicity beneath the inactive segment of the arc is attributed to a slab window that has opened in the collision zone and extends to 350 km below the surface. Differences in seismic moment release around this slab window indicate asymmetric rupture, propagating to the east at a much faster rate than to the west. If the lower boundary of this seismic gap signifies the original slab rupture then the slab window represents ~4 m.y. of subsequent subduction and implies that collision preceded the end of volcanism by at least 1 m.y.
Variations in seismic moment release and stress state across the transition from subduction of oceanic crust to arc–continent collision in the Banda Arc are investigated using earthquake catalogues. It is shown that the slab under the western Savu Sea is unusual in that intermediate depth (70–300 km) events indicate that the slab is largely in down-dip compression at this depth range, beneath a region of the arc that has the closest spacing of volcanoes in the Sunda–Banda arc system. This unusual state of stress is attributed to subduction of a northern extension of the Scott Plateau. Present day deformation in the Savu Sea region may be analogous with the earliest stages of collision north of Timor.
17
Ternois, Sébastien. "Reconstruction de la Dynamique Précoce d'un Orogène : Mise en évidence de la Transition Rifting-Collision dans le système est-pyrénéen (France) par la Géo-thermochronologie". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0086/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Les orogènes collisionnels sont classiquement décrits comme le résultat de l'accrétion continentale de marges proximales. Cette accrétion conduit à la surrection des reliefs et à l'export important de produits d'érosion dans les bassins d'avant-pays qui les jalonnent. Dans ce schéma géodynamique sont alors uniquement considérés les domaines pré-orogéniques les moins déformés. Pourtant, un nombre croissant d'évidences géologiques de terrain indiquent la conservation voire la réutilisation de structures héritées de la phase extensive précédant la convergence et la collision au coeur des orogènes. À partir de l'étude géo-thermochronométrique de la bordure orientale du domaine hyper-étiré nord-pyrénéen (massif de l'Agly, Zone Nord Pyrénéenne) et de son avant-pays précoce (synclinal de Rennes-les-Bains, Bassin Aquitain), cette thèse a pour objectifs de décrire l'évolution d'une marge distale au cours des premiers stades de convergence, de quantifier les processus source-réceptacle associés et d'apporter des contraintes temporelles et paléogéographiques quant à la création des tout premiers reliefs pyrénéens issus de son inversion. Grâce à l'utilisation du multi-thermochronomètre (U-Th)/He sur zircon et apatite, deux épisodes de refroidissement sont mis en évidence dans le prisme nord-pyrénéen (Campano-Maastrichtien et Eocène), chacun d'eux synchrone d'une phase de subsidence dans le bassin d'avant-pays. J'ai ainsi pu proposer un modèle équilibré d'évolution d'une marge distale hyper-amincie par inversion de structures héritées, chevauchements de socle et sous-placage continental se matérialisant par une signature thermochronologique claire de refroidissement sans érosion au début de la convergence. L'absence d'enregistrement de refroidissement au Paléocène par l'arrêt prématuré de l'inversion précoce dans le prisme nord-pyrénéen indique l'absence significative d'érosion et la position bordière de ce prisme par rapport à un édifice déjà construit plus à l'est à cette époque. Pour caractériser cet édifice aujourd'hui disparu du fait de l'ouverture du Golfe du Lion, j'ai utilisé une approche détritique de double datation in situ (U-Th)/He - U/Pb sur zircon et mis en évidence une histoire de dénudation rapide pendant le Campano-Maastrichtien, caractéristique de la création d'une topographie précoce. Ce travail montre pour la première fois clairement la migration progressive de la déformation d'est en ouest par l'inversion de structures héritées au début de la convergence pyrénéenne, ce qui suggère l'existence d'un domaine ouvert à l'est à la fin de l'épisode extensif précédant la convergence. Cette étude met en avant le rôle de l'architecture des systèmes hyper-amincis dans la formation des orogènes collisionnels et confirme les liens étroits existant entre un orogène et ses bassins d'avant-paysCollisional orogens are classically described as the result of continental accretion of proximal margins. This accretion leads to the creation of relief and to the important export of erosion products in the directly adjacent foreland basins. In this geodynamic scheme, only the least deformed pre-orogenic domains are considered. However, a growing number of geological field evidences indicate the preservation or even the reuse of structures inherited from the rifting phase preceding convergence and collision within orogens. By conducting a geo-thermochronometric study of the easternmost, inverted hyperextended Aptian-Cenomanian rift system (Agly massif, North Pyrenean Zone) and the adjacent early retroforeland (Rennes-les-Bains syncline, Aquitaine Basin), this thesis aims to describe the evolution of a distal rifted margin during the first stages of convergence, to quantify the associated source-to-sink processes and to provide temporal and paleogeographic constraints regarding the creation of the very first Pyrenean reliefs resulting from inversion of the margin. Using the zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He multi-thermochronometers, I show that the Pyrenean retro-wedge records two clear phases of orogenic cooling, Late Campanian-Maastrichtian and Ypresian-Bartonian, which I relate to early inversion of the distal rifted margin and main collision, respectively. I have thus been able to propose a crustal-scale sequentially restored model for the tectonic and thermal transition from extension to peak orogenesis in the eastern Pyrenees, which suggests that both thrusting and underplating processes contributed to early inversion of the Aptian-Cenomanian rift system. The absence of Paleocene cooling record indicates little to no erosion of the Pyrenean retro-wedge, suggesting the existence of a more easterly source area supplying early retroforeland sediments at this time. To characterize this eastern edifice, which has since been destroyed by the Oligocene-Miocene opening of the Gulf of Lion, I used in situ (U-Th)/He - U/Pb double dating on detrital zircons and show rapid denudation rates during early convergence, characteristic of early topographic growth. This work shows for the first time clearly the progressive migration of deformation from east to west by inversion of inherited structures at the beginning of Pyrenean convergence. This suggests the existence of an open domain in the east at the end of the rifting phase preceding convergence. This study highlights the role of the architecture of hyper-thinned systems in the formation of collisional orogens and confirms the close links between an orogen and its foreland basins
18
Guerrot, Catherine. "Archéen et ProtérozoÏque dans la chaîne hercynienne ouest-européenne : géochimie isotopique (Sr-Nd-Pb) et géochronologie U-Pb sur zircons". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653455.
Abstract (sommario):
La reconnaissance et l'étude géochronologique et isotopique des terrains anté-paléozoiques inclus dans la chaîne hercynienne d'Europe de l'Ouest s'avèrent indispensables si l'on veut connaître leur influence dans la genèse des magmas en zones orogéniques et donc sur la croissance crus tale. Pour ce faire, deux objets géologiques ont été étudiés : les granulites immergées du Golfe de Gascogne, et les roches cadomiennes du nord du massif armoricain. La séquence géochronologique obtenue (2,7 - 2,0 - 0,6 Ga) correspond à celle observée dans le craton Ouest-Africain. Un rapprochement entre cette partie de l'Europe et l'Afrique est donc possible pour les temps précambriens, rapprochement conforté par les données paléomagnétiques. L'étude des granulites immergées du Golfe de Gascogne a montré pour la première fois la présence dans la chaîne hercynienne de protolithes archéens, mais également de deux métamorphismes anciens de haut-grade (2,76 et 1,8 Ga). La géochimie isotopique (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Pb-Pb) si elle n'a pas apporté de contraintes chronologiques, témoigne de l'influence des roches archéennes dans la genèse des magmas protérozoique inférieur. L'orogène cadomien s'étalant sur 150 Ma (670 à 530 Ma), est engendré par une subduction sous une marge active pouvant avoir commencé dès 660 Ma. Cette subduction entraîne l'ouverture d'un bassin arrière-arc à 600 Ma dont la fermeture et l'obduction vers le sud à 580 Ma entraînent un surépaississement qui favorise une période de fusion crustale datée à 540 Ma. L'événement tectonique majeur à 580 Ma est synchrone d'un changement dans la sédimentation briovérienne et permet d'établir une coupure entre un briovérien inférieur (660-580 Ma) et un briovérien supérieur (580-540 Ma). Enfrn l'étude géochimique des granitoïdes cadomiens montre qu'ils ne sont pas entièrement juvéniles, mais suggère un certain degré de contamination par du matériel ancien. Une modélisation utilisant les caractères géochimiques des granulites du Golfe de Gascogne met en accord les deux systèmes isotopiques (Sr et Nd) étudiés, pour des taux de contamination raisonnables (5 à 30%). Bien que peu importante, cette contamination, ainsi que tous les âges anciens indiqués par les zircons, prouvent le recyclage généralisé de cette croûte ancienne à l'échelle européenne. Les affleurements actuellement recensés ne sont donc pas significatifs de son extension originelle.
19
Guerrot, Catherine. "Archéen et Protérozoïque dans la chaîne hercynienne Ouest-européenne : géochimie isotopique Sr-Nd-Pb et géochronologie U-Pb sur zircons /". Rennes : Centre Armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35048785z.
20
Sorota, Kristin Joy. "Age and Origin of the Merrimack Terrane, Southeastern New England: A Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology Study". Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3043.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis advisor: J C. HepburnThesis advisor: Yvette D. Kuiper
Metasedimentary rocks of the Merrimack terrane (MT) originated as a thick cover sequence on Ganderia consisting of sandstones, calcareous sandstones, pelitic rocks and turbidites. In order to investigate the age, provenance and stratigraphic order of these rocks and correlations with adjoining terranes, detrital zircon suites from 7 formations across the MT along a NNE-trending transect from east-central Massachusetts to SE New Hampshire were analyzed by U-Pb LA-ICP-MS methods on 90-140 grains per sample. The youngest detrital zircons in the western units, the Worcester, Oakdale and Paxton Formations, are ca. 438 Ma while those in the Kittery, Eliot and Berwick Formations in the northeast are ca. 426 Ma. The Tower Hill Formation previously interpreted to form the easternmost unit of the MT in MA, has a distinctly different zircon distribution with its youngest zircon population in the Cambrian. All samples except for the Tower Hill Formation have detrital zircon age distributions with significant peaks in the mid-to late Ordovician, similar abundances of early Paleozoic and late Neoproterozoic zircons, significant input from ~1.0 to ~1.8 Ga sources and limited Archean grains. The similarities in zircon provenance suggest that all units across the terrane, except for the Tower Hill Formation, belong to a single sequence of rocks, with similar sources and with the units in the NE possibly being somewhat younger than those in east-central Massachusetts. The continuous zircon age distributions observed throughout the Mesoproterozoic and late Paleoproterozoic are consistent with an Amazonian source. All samples, except the Tower Hill Formation, show sedimentary input from both Ganderian and Laurentian sources and suggest that Laurentian input increases as the maximum depositional age decreases
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Geology and Geophysics
21
Martin, Laure. "Signification des âges U-Pb sur zircon dans l'histoire métamorphique de Naxos et Ikaria (Cyclades, Grèce)". Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10231.
Abstract (sommario):
La compréhension de l'évolution des chaînes de montagnes nécessite la reconstruction des chemins pression-température-temps suivis par les roches métamorphiques. La datation U-Pb est souvent utilisée pour dater des événements métamorphiques, mais le lien entre les conditions du métamorphisme et l'âge fourni par les datations U-Pb sur zircon n'est pas direct. Les isotopes de l'oxygène sont proposés dans cette étude pour mettre en relation la croissance du zircon avec celle du grenat dans les roches métamorphiques du domaine égéen. L'étude de quatre échantillons de l'île de Naxos a montré que cette relation est possible si (i) l'équilibre isotopique de l'oxygène est atteint entre le grenat et le zircon au moment de leur formation et (ii) le grenat et le zircon sont restés clos pour l'oxygène et le plomb après leur formation. Cette méthode a permis de dater le début de l'exhumation des roches métamorphiques de Naxos entre 40 et 60 Ma, et le début du chemin rétrograde entre 13 et 19 Ma. A Ikaria et à Naxos, la croissance préférentielle du zircon entre 40 et 60 Ma localisée dans des roches provenant de zones riches en schistes indique que la pression et les circulations de fluides sont les paramètres qui ont favorisé la formation des zircons pendant le métamorphismeThe knowledge of pressure - temperature - time paths in metamorphic rocks is necessary to the understanding of orogenic belts evolution. U-Pb method is commonly used for dating metamorphic events, but the link between metamorphic conditions and ages obtained on zircon is not straightforward. Oxygen isotopes are proposed in this study for likening zircon to garnet growth in metamorphic rocks of the Aegean domain. The study of four samples from Naxos island showed that this correlation is possible if (i) isotopic equilibrium of oxygen is reached between garnet and zircon during their formation and (ii) garnet and zircon remained in closed system for oxygen and lead after their formation. This method permitted to date the beginning of the exhumation of metamorphic rocks from Naxos between 40 and 60 Ma, and the beginning of the retrograde path between 13 and 19 Ma. The preferential formation of zircon between 40 and 60 Ma in rocks localised in schist rich zones indicate that pressure and fluid circulation are the parameters that triggered zircon formation during the metamorphism
22
Stangroom, Amber M. "High-precision U/Pb dating of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114340.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-40).
The massive marine species turnover at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary is associated with Oceanic Anoxic Event 11 (OAE II) and is often identified by an increase of a13C in the carbon isotopic record. A high-precision chronology of the Cenomanian- Turonian boundary is needed to better constrain the cause, timing, and extent of OAE II. To create such a timeline, four bentonite samples from the Kaiparowits Plateau, Utah were dated using U/Pb geochronology. The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary is constrained to be 94.040 ± 0.029/0.098/0.14 Ma, in agreement with recent astrochronologic studies of the same time period. This research will help improve the calibration of the astronomical time scale, as well as provide a greater understanding of the Cretaceous environment..
by Amber M. Stangroom.
S.B.
23
Montano, Damaris. "Carbonate U-Pb dating via LA-ICPMS : insights into chronostratigraphy in lacustrine settings". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS545.
Abstract (sommario):
Les dépôts lacustres font l'objet d'études approfondies car ils sont propices à l’enregistrement des modifications de nombreux facteurs environnementaux (changement climatique, modification du couvert végétal…), et également car ils renferment des ressources en matière première de toute première importance. Cependant, les reconstructions chronostratigraphiques dans ces contextes sont généralement entravées par la rareté des données permettant d’établir l'âge des dépôts de manière continue. L'objectif principal de ce projet de thèse est d'examiner les avantages et les limites de la datation au carbonate U-Pb (LA-ICPMS) (méthode LAcarb) comme un nouvel outil chronostratigraphique pour les dépôts lacustres. Le deuxième objectif est d'étudier plus précisément le potentiel de datation de la méthode en analysant sa capacité à établir un âge avec résolution temporelle pertinente en fonction des différents types de carbonates et de minéralogies. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, plusieurs phases carbonatées (microbialites, ooides, oncoides) et ciments diagenétiques ont été collectés dans deux exemples lacustres fossiles ayant un âge absolu relativement bien établit: le Miocène du bassin du cratère Ries (SW Allemagne) et la formation Yacoraite (Crétacé-Paléogène) du bassin de Salta (NW de l'Argentine). Une étude sédimentologique et diagenétique s’appuyant sur des analyses pétrographiques et des isotopes stables de l’oxygène (O) de du carbone (C), a permis de sélectionner les phases carbonatées les plus précoces. Ce travail a été réalisé afin de maximiser les chances d’avoir préservé la composition géochimique originelle en U-Pb des fluides en présence lors du dépôt. Dans le bassin du cratère Ries, la méthode LAcarb a fourni des âges précis qui ont permis des corrélations chronostratigraphiques à une résolution temporelle de l’ordre de la séquence stratigraphique du 3e ordre (0,5 à 5 Ma). Dans le cadre de la formation Yacoraite, deux modèles d'âge ont été obtenus le long d'une coupe stratigraphique de référence. L'un est dérivé de la géochronologie des zircons extraits des dépôts de cendre volcaniques intercalés dans la formation Yacoraite (modèle d'âge maximum des dépôts; MDA). Le second est dérivé de la méthode LAcarb (modèle d'âge minimum des dépôts; MIDA). Les deux modèles se superposent remarquablement et permettent de décrire une même dynamique des taux de sédimentation avec une résolution temporelle d'environ 0,9 à 2% (2σ). L'âge des dépôts révisé pour la formation Yacoraite a ensuite été intégré dans un modèle chronostratigraphique combinant les données biostratigraphiques, hemiostratigraphiques et magnétostratigraphiques issues de la littérature. La localisation de la limite Crétacé-Paléogène (KPg) a bien été confortée dans la formation Yacoraite. De plus, la révision des âges de la partie sommitale de la formation Yacoraite a également permis de valider la localisation des deux phases hyperthermiques du Paléocène-Éocène (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: PETM, et l’optimum climatique de l’Eocène; EECO) dans les deux formations sus-jacentes. Une analyse statistique a ensuite été réalisée sur la base des âges de 80 phases carbonatées de la formation Yacoraite. Les microbialites ont fourni les plus faibles succès en potentiel de datation (41 % d'âges cohérents avec le modèle MDA) ainsi que les plus basses précisions concernant l'âge (2σ <10 %). A l’inverse, les ciments lacustres ont été couronnés des meilleurs potentiels de datation (64 % d'âges cohérents avec le modèle MDA) avec des âges de meilleure précision. De plus, les phases dominées par la calcite ont généralement fourni des âges plus précis que les phases dolomitiques. Les avancées concernant les potentialités et les limites associées à la méthode LAcarb ont ainsi permis de proposer au travers de cette thèse une méthode complète pour construire un modèle d'âge robuste des dépôts en milieu lacustre. Les perspectives de ces travaux sont multiples, avec par exemple [...]Lacustrine deposits are extensively investigated because they play a pivotal role as environmental recorders and host valuable economic resources. However, chronostratigraphic reconstructions in these settings are usually hampered by the scarcity of data required to establish the depositional age of the system. The prime objective of this PhD project was examining benefits and limitations of carbonate U-Pb (LA-ICPMS) dating (LAcarb) as new chronostratigraphic tool for lacustrine deposits. The second objective was to investigate the dating potential, in terms of dating success and time resolution, of various carbonate types and mineralogies with the aim to better organize future LAcarb based research. To achieve these goals, depositional (microbialites, ooids, oncoids) and early diagenetic carbonate phases of known absolute age were collected from two lacustrine settings: the Ries Crater basin (Miocene, SW Germany) and the Yacoraite formation (Fm.) from the Salta rift basin (Cretaceous-Paleogene, NW Argentina). A sedimentologic and diagenetic study based on petrography and Oxygen (O) and Carbon (C) stable isotope analysis allowed to select carbonate phases that most possibly preserved the pristine U-Pb geochemical composition and consequently inform on the timing of deposition. In the Ries Crater basin, LAcarb provided accurate ages that allowed chronostratigraphic correlations at a time resolution of the 3rd order stratigraphic sequence (0.5–5Ma). In the framework of the Yacoraite Fm., two depositional age depth model were obtained along a stratigraphic section. One derived from zircon (ash layer) geochronology (maximum depositional age depth model; MDA depth model) and the other from LAcarb (minimum depositional age depth model; MIDA depth model). The two models remarkably overlap and describe the same sedimentation rate dynamic with a time resolution between 0.9 and 2% (2σ). The revised depositional age of the Yacoraite Fm. was then integrated in a chronostratigraphic model merging biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy data from literature. Accordingly, the KPg limit was interpreted to be located in the Yacoraite Fm. whereas the two Paleocene-Eocene hyperthermals (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, PETM; early Eocene Climate Optimum, EECO) were identified in the two overlying formations. A statistical analysis was achieved based on the ages of 80 carbonate phases from the Yacoraite Fm. Microbialites provided the lowest dating success (41% ages consistent with the MDA depth model) and age precision (2σ < 10%) in contrast with lacustrine cements that yielded the highest dating success (64% ages consistent with MDA depth model) and age precision (2σ < 3%). Furthermore, calcitic phases usually provided more precise ages than dolomitic phases. The better comprehension of potentialities and limitations of LAcarb acquired in this PhD allowed to propose a workflow to build a robust depositional age depth model in lacustrine settings. Three possible perspective scenarios were introduced: 1) the study of the Ries Crater basin as analogue of paleolakes on Mars; 2) the use of LAcarb to select pristine carbonates for chronostratigraphic studies; and 3) basin scale chronostratigraphic correlations in the Yacoraite Fm
24
Loehn, Clayton William. "Investigation of the monazite chemical dating technique". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27688.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to evaluate the electron microprobe (EMP) method for chemical dating of monazite, we chemically analyzed selected suites of monazite grains that were previously dated by standard U/Pb isotopic methods at three laboratories each equipped with a sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP). Representing diverse igneous and metamorphic lithologies, these grains yielded conventional isotopic ages ranging in age from Neoarchean to Devonian. Chemical dating was performed at Virginia Tech using a Cameca SX-50 EMP in which the analytical routines and settings were specifically optimized for monazite geochronology, including correction of analytical peaks for all major spectral interferences and correction of peak intensities for local background emission. Placement of cross-grain analytical traverses was based on backscattered electron (BSE) images together with wavelength-dispersive (WD) generated X-ray maps for Y, Th, U, and Ca, which revealed the internal compositional complexity of each grain. Shorter EMP traverses were selected adjacent to each SHRIMP pit in order to provide the best possible comparison of ages obtained by the two dating methods. Synthesis protocol for key elemental measurements (Y, Th, U, and Pb) was developed utilizing the 1Ï elemental errors associated with individual analyses, providing an objective approach for data synthesis. Analytical dates were either accepted or excluded based on analytical and spatial justifications. Isotopic dating techniques utilize three independent age calculations, provided the sample is old enough to have accumulated sufficient 207Pb (i.e., â ¥~1000 Ma). Similarly, the chemical dating method can utilize two independent age calculations (i.e., Th/Pb and U/Pb) and a U-Th-Pbtotal centroid age in Th/Pb vs. U/Pb space, verified independently against the calculated Th* or U* CHIME ages. Across the entire 2,200 m.y. age range represented by the sample set, the chemical ages calculated from the EMP data chemical ages are internally consistent (within 2Ï error) with the previously measured SHRIMP isotopic ages, except in one case where bulk mixing of discrete age domains within an ablation pit led to an isotopically discordant apparent age. Overall, this study illustrates that EMP chemical dating (1) represents both an accurate and precise primary method for dating monazite from igneous and polymetamorphic terrains; (2) provides superior spatial resolution for obtaining meaningful ages from small and/or irregular domains of discrete age that may be irresolvable or misinterpreted by other dating techniques that sample larger volumes; and (3) illuminates the geological meaning of isotopically discordant monazite ages obtained using conventional methods with lower spatial resolution (e.g., SHRIMP).Ph. D.
25
Guenthner, William Rexford. "Zircon (U-Th)/He Dates from Radiation Damaged Crystals: A New Damage-He Diffusivity Model for the Zircon (U-Th)/He Thermochronometer". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/306783.
Abstract (sommario):
Zircon (U-Th)/He (zircon He) dating has become a widely used thermochronologic method in the geosciences. Practitioners have traditionally interpreted (U-Th)/He dates from zircons across a broad spectrum of chemical compositions with a single set of ⁴He diffusion kinetics derived from only a handful of crystals (Reiners et al., 2004). However, it has become increasingly clear that a "one-size-fits-all" approach to these kinetics is inadequate, leading to erroneous conclusions and incongruent data. This dissertation develops a more grain-specific approach by showing the fundamental role that intracrystalline radiation damage plays in determining the He diffusivity in a given zircon. I present three appendices that seek to quantify the radiation damage effect on He diffusion in zircon, explain how this effect manifests in zircon He dates, and show how to exploit such manifestations to better constrain sample thermal histories. Of particular importance, this dissertation represents the first comprehensive study to concentrate on the entire damage spectrum found in natural zircon and also the first to show that two different mechanisms affect He diffusion in zircon in different ways across this spectrum. In the first appendix, I and my fellow co-authors describe results from a series of step-heating experiments that show how the alpha dose of a given zircon, which we interpret to be correlated with accumulated radiation damage, influences its He diffusivity. From 1.2 × 10¹⁶ α/g to 1.4 × 10¹⁸ α/g, He diffusivity at a given temperature decreases by three orders of magnitude, but as alpha dose increases from ~2 × 10¹⁸ α/g to 8.2 × 10¹⁸ α/g, He diffusivity then increases by about nine orders of magnitude. We parameterize both the initial decrease and eventual increase in diffusivity with alpha dose with a function that describes these changes in terms of increasing abundance and size of intracrystalline radiation damage zones and resulting effects on the tortuosity of He migration pathways and dual-domain behavior. This is combined with another equation that describes damage annealing in zircon. The end result is a new model that constrains the coevolution of damage, He diffusivity, and He date in zircon as a function of its actinide content and thermal history. The second and third appendices use this new model to decipher zircon He datasets comprising many single grain dates that are correlated with effective uranium (eU, a proxy for the relative degree of radiation damage among grains from the same sample). The model is critical for proper interpretation of results from igneous settings that show date-eU correlations and were once considered spurious (appendix B). When applied to partially reset sedimentary rocks, other sources of date variability, such as damage and He inheritance, have to be considered as well (appendix C).
26
Simons, Suzanne Lee. "U-Th-Pb systematics of opaline silica: Implications for the dating of surface processes". Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/36.
Abstract (sommario):
U–Pb and U-series analyses of U-rich, relative to both Th and Pb, opal samples using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) demonstrate the ability of this technique for dating opals with ages ranging from several tens of thousands of years to millions of years and from a variety of deposition environments. This experimental study increases the understanding of opal as a geochronometer and explores the stability of U-Th-Pb systematics in opaline silica.
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Pepper, Martin Bailey. "Magmatic History and Crustal Genesis of South America: Constraints from U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes of Detrital Zircons in Modern Rivers". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347220.
Abstract (sommario):
South America provides an outstanding laboratory for studies of magmatism and crustal evolution because it contains older Archean-Paleoproterozoic cratons that amalgamated during Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic supercontinent assembly, as well as a long history of Andean magmatism that records crustal growth and reworking in an accretionary orogen. We have attempted to reconstruct the growth and evolution of South America through U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircons from 59 samples of sand from modern rivers and shorelines. Results from 5,524 new U-Pb ages and 1,199 new Hf isotope determinations are reported. We have also integrated our data into a compilation of all previously published zircon geochronologic and Hf isotopic information, yielding a record that includes>42,000 ages and>1,600 Hf isotope analyses. These data yield five main conclusions: (1) South America has an age distribution that is similar to most other continents, presumably reflecting the supercontinent cycle, with maxima at 2.2-1.8 Ga, 1.6-0.9 Ga, 700-400 Ma, and 360-200 Ma; (2)<200 Ma magmatism along the western margin of South America has age maxima at 183 Ma (191-175 Ma), 151 Ma (159-143 Ma), 126 Ma (131-121 Ma), 109 Ma (114-105 Ma), 87 Ma (95-79 Ma), 62 Ma (71-53 Ma), 39 Ma (43-35 Ma), 19 Ma (23-15 Ma), and 6 Ma (10-2 Ma); (3) for the past 200 Ma, there appears to be a positive correlation between magmatism and the velocity of convergence between central South America and Pacific oceanic plates; (4) Hf isotopes record reworking of older crustal materials during most time periods, with incorporation of juvenile crustal materials at ~1.6-1.0 Ga, 500-400 Ma and ~200-100 Ma; and (5) the Hf isotopic signature of<200 Ma magmatism is apparently controlled by the generation of juvenile magmas during extensional tectonism and reworking of juvenile versus evolved crustal materials during crustal thickening and arc migration.
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Dada, Silas Sunday. "Évolution de la croûte continentale au nord Nigeria : apport de la géochimie, de la géochronologie U-Pb et des traceurs isotopiques Sr, Nd et Pb". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20153.
Abstract (sommario):
L'application de la geochronologie u-pb sur zircons et sm-nd sur roches totales de la partie centrale du nord nigeria indique l'existence d'une association bimodale (gneiss-amphibolite) d'age superieur a 3. 0 milliards d'annees. Les ages modeles nd et sr (t#n#ddm et t#s#rur) sont coherents et conduisent a admettre pour la region etudiee, la differenciation d'une croute juvenile precoce a plus de 3300 ma. Les ages minima tardi-archeens/proterozoiques inferieurs (2500 ma) obtenus sur les gneiss de toro sont une preuve de la nature essentiellement archeenne de ce bouclier; leurs ages pan-africains obtenus par intercept inferieur dans le diagramme concordia indiquent l'ampleur et le degre de l'evenement pan-africain se traduisant par un metamorphisme et une deformation importante. L'etude geochimique des elements majeurs et traces des granitoides intrusifs permet d'etablir une distinction entre une association diorite charnockitique de nature calco-alcaline (granodioritique) et des plutons de bauchite de composition sub-alcaline (monzonitique). La datation systematique par la methode u-pb sur zircons permet de mettre en evidence que la mise en place de ces corps intrusifs s'est effectuee entre 640 et 580 ma. Les traceurs isotopiques sr, nd et pb ainsi que les elements en traces sur ces unites pan-africaines suggerent: une source commune dans la croute profonde; un recyclage des roches anciennes, d'age archeen pour leur formation sans contribution importante du manteau; une evolution complexe qui exclut la formation d'association charnockite-gnanite par cristallisation fractionnee simple a partir d'un magma unique
29
Allégret, André. "Contribution à la connaissance de l'évolution géodynamique anté-varisque de la croûte continentale de la Péninsule ibérique par la géochronologie U/Pb sur zircons". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20196.
Abstract (sommario):
L'application de la geochronologie u/pb sur zircons aux formations gneissiques de la chaine varisque en peninsule iberique permet de conclure a: l'existence d'un socle precambrien superieur dans le nord-ouest de la peninsule iberique (galice et tras-os-montes) par la datation de deux orthogneiss a 6189 ma et 57014 ma (respectivement, miranda do douro, portugal et sisargas, espagne); l'existence d'un evenement d'amincissement crustal a l'ordovicien inferieur dans le haut-alentejo (portugal) et dans le leon (espagne) par la datation de deux orthogneiss, respectivement a 48216 ma (pedroso) et 46510 ma (san-sebastian); l'incorporation de zircons detritiques herites issus de formations precambriennes anciennes dans la formation ollo de sapo et les gneiss illes de ledesma (leon, espagne) par les intercepts superieurs respectifs, dans le diagramme concordia, a 179730 ma et 173049 ma; l'age de 3253 ma datant l'evenement majeur metamorphique de l'orogenese hercynienne dans la region du leon (espagne)
30
Ternois, Sébastien. "Reconstruction de la Dynamique Précoce d'un Orogène : Mise en évidence de la Transition Rifting-Collision dans le système est-pyrénéen (France) par la Géo-thermochronologie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0086.
Abstract (sommario):
Les orogènes collisionnels sont classiquement décrits comme le résultat de l'accrétion continentale de marges proximales. Cette accrétion conduit à la surrection des reliefs et à l'export important de produits d'érosion dans les bassins d'avant-pays qui les jalonnent. Dans ce schéma géodynamique sont alors uniquement considérés les domaines pré-orogéniques les moins déformés. Pourtant, un nombre croissant d'évidences géologiques de terrain indiquent la conservation voire la réutilisation de structures héritées de la phase extensive précédant la convergence et la collision au coeur des orogènes. À partir de l'étude géo-thermochronométrique de la bordure orientale du domaine hyper-étiré nord-pyrénéen (massif de l'Agly, Zone Nord Pyrénéenne) et de son avant-pays précoce (synclinal de Rennes-les-Bains, Bassin Aquitain), cette thèse a pour objectifs de décrire l'évolution d'une marge distale au cours des premiers stades de convergence, de quantifier les processus source-réceptacle associés et d'apporter des contraintes temporelles et paléogéographiques quant à la création des tout premiers reliefs pyrénéens issus de son inversion. Grâce à l'utilisation du multi-thermochronomètre (U-Th)/He sur zircon et apatite, deux épisodes de refroidissement sont mis en évidence dans le prisme nord-pyrénéen (Campano-Maastrichtien et Eocène), chacun d'eux synchrone d'une phase de subsidence dans le bassin d'avant-pays. J'ai ainsi pu proposer un modèle équilibré d'évolution d'une marge distale hyper-amincie par inversion de structures héritées, chevauchements de socle et sous-placage continental se matérialisant par une signature thermochronologique claire de refroidissement sans érosion au début de la convergence. L'absence d'enregistrement de refroidissement au Paléocène par l'arrêt prématuré de l'inversion précoce dans le prisme nord-pyrénéen indique l'absence significative d'érosion et la position bordière de ce prisme par rapport à un édifice déjà construit plus à l'est à cette époque. Pour caractériser cet édifice aujourd'hui disparu du fait de l'ouverture du Golfe du Lion, j'ai utilisé une approche détritique de double datation in situ (U-Th)/He - U/Pb sur zircon et mis en évidence une histoire de dénudation rapide pendant le Campano-Maastrichtien, caractéristique de la création d'une topographie précoce. Ce travail montre pour la première fois clairement la migration progressive de la déformation d'est en ouest par l'inversion de structures héritées au début de la convergence pyrénéenne, ce qui suggère l'existence d'un domaine ouvert à l'est à la fin de l'épisode extensif précédant la convergence. Cette étude met en avant le rôle de l'architecture des systèmes hyper-amincis dans la formation des orogènes collisionnels et confirme les liens étroits existant entre un orogène et ses bassins d'avant-paysCollisional orogens are classically described as the result of continental accretion of proximal margins. This accretion leads to the creation of relief and to the important export of erosion products in the directly adjacent foreland basins. In this geodynamic scheme, only the least deformed pre-orogenic domains are considered. However, a growing number of geological field evidences indicate the preservation or even the reuse of structures inherited from the rifting phase preceding convergence and collision within orogens. By conducting a geo-thermochronometric study of the easternmost, inverted hyperextended Aptian-Cenomanian rift system (Agly massif, North Pyrenean Zone) and the adjacent early retroforeland (Rennes-les-Bains syncline, Aquitaine Basin), this thesis aims to describe the evolution of a distal rifted margin during the first stages of convergence, to quantify the associated source-to-sink processes and to provide temporal and paleogeographic constraints regarding the creation of the very first Pyrenean reliefs resulting from inversion of the margin. Using the zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He multi-thermochronometers, I show that the Pyrenean retro-wedge records two clear phases of orogenic cooling, Late Campanian-Maastrichtian and Ypresian-Bartonian, which I relate to early inversion of the distal rifted margin and main collision, respectively. I have thus been able to propose a crustal-scale sequentially restored model for the tectonic and thermal transition from extension to peak orogenesis in the eastern Pyrenees, which suggests that both thrusting and underplating processes contributed to early inversion of the Aptian-Cenomanian rift system. The absence of Paleocene cooling record indicates little to no erosion of the Pyrenean retro-wedge, suggesting the existence of a more easterly source area supplying early retroforeland sediments at this time. To characterize this eastern edifice, which has since been destroyed by the Oligocene-Miocene opening of the Gulf of Lion, I used in situ (U-Th)/He - U/Pb double dating on detrital zircons and show rapid denudation rates during early convergence, characteristic of early topographic growth. This work shows for the first time clearly the progressive migration of deformation from east to west by inversion of inherited structures at the beginning of Pyrenean convergence. This suggests the existence of an open domain in the east at the end of the rifting phase preceding convergence. This study highlights the role of the architecture of hyper-thinned systems in the formation of collisional orogens and confirms the close links between an orogen and its foreland basins
31
Melleton, Jérémie. "Modalités du recyclage de la croûte continentale dans l'orogène varisque par traçage in situ des zircons hérités (mesures U -Pb/LA-MC-ICPMS)". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00388706.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce travail de thèse est essentiellement consacré à l'investigation des populations de zircons et de l'âge des protolithes des formations varisques grâce à une datation U-Pb in situ systématique par le couplage Laser/MC-ICPMS, dans des formations orthodérivées, métasédimentaires et magmatiques tardi-orogéniques du Massif Central français et du domaine Sud armoricain. Cette étude a montré que les populations de zircons sont largement héritées, s'étalant de l'Archéen au Paléozoïque inférieur. L'ensemble des pics d'âges obtenus, ainsi que l'absence d'âge mésoprotérozoïque (1.7-1.1 Ga) accréditent l'affinité gondwanienne de ces formations. Des âges maximum de dépôt sont proposés pour les métasédiments des principales unités définies dans le Massif Central. Ces âges maximum de dépôt sont décroissants suivant l'empilement lithotectonique reconnu. En marge de ce travail, nous avons pu déterminer que les âges de mise en place des granitoïdes du Sillon Houiller (Massif Central) et du golfe du Morbihan se situent aux alentours de 300 Ma. Des âges plus anciens, principalement obtenus sur monazite lors d'études antérieures, ont été réinterprétés comme des âges hérités. L'abondance de zircons hérités d'âge ordovicien et néoprotérozoïque met en évidence la large contribution des métagranites et métasédiments fertiles de ces périodes dans la source des granites tardi-orogéniques varisques. Le granite de Sarzeau expose de plus les traces d'un protolithe silurien. Le recyclage de la croûte continentale est caractérisé par une évolution polycyclique au cours de l'orogénèse varisque, avec tout d'abord l'érosion de formations du craton africain, majoritairement d'âge néoprotérozoïque, puis la superposition des événements magmatiques cambro-ordoviciens et syn-orogéniques varisques.
32
Luo, Yan, e 羅彥. "U-Pb age and Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from the Liaohe Group: constraints on the evolution of theJiao-Liao-Ji Belt, North China craton". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36639242.
33
LIMONCELLI, MARTA. "Short-term erosion pattern in the Alps-Apennines belt constrained by downstream changes of zircons morphology and U-PB ages from the Po drainage modern sands". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/29393.
Abstract (sommario):
Downstream changes of the geochronological signature in the Po drainage allow to assess the relative sediment contributions shed from the orogenic source areas, in order to constrain the short-term (102-104 y) erosion pattern in the Alps-Apennines orogenic couple.
In this perspective, we collected modern sands in selected tributaries draining the major tectonic units exposed in the orogen, as well as along the Po River trunk and in different sites of the Po Delta. Zircon concentrates were separated according to specific quantitative procedures coupled with grain-size and grain-density analyses, which provide an evaluation of zircon content in source rocks, of hydraulic sorting effects, and related intersample/intrasample zircon variability. Our methodological approach allows to perform sediment budgets and evaluate mineral content in diverse sediment sources (mineral fertility). Budget calculations were performed by investigating geochronological signals upstream and downstream of major confluences. We employed, LA-ICPMS U-Pb geochronology on detrital zircons, because this technique allows a full control of zircon populations during separation procedures and data analysis; we found, instead, that fission track dating on detrital zircon is affected and biased by selective grain loss.
Results of U-Pb analysis performed on single grains show that all samples from the Po Delta yield similar grain-age distributions, and include grain-age populations that are rather constant both in age and size. Major peaks are found at ca. 30 Ma, ca. 280 Ma, and 400-500 Ma. Peaks in these distributions can be traced upstream up to their sources. The bulk of the geochronological signature of the Po Delta sands is displayed already upstream of the confluence of the Northern Apennines rivers, suggesting that short-term erosion rates were much lower in the Northern Apennine than in the Western and Central Alps. Age peaks typical of the eastern Lepontine dome also characterize the Apenninic tributaries, reflecting Oligo-Miocene sedimentary transfer from the Central Alps to the Adriatic foredeep, and next tectonic accretion of turbidite wedges to the Apennine belt.
U-Pb analyses were complemented by zircon typology of the whole dataset, integrated by SEM observations on selected samples. Major typological groups can be traced from entry points in the Po Plain down to the Po Delta. Euhedral zircons are largely shed from the External Massifs (Mont Blanc and Argentera) and the Periadriatic plutons. Zircon grains showing signs of chemical abrasion, possibly acquired under high-grade metamorphic conditions, were detected in tributaries draining the Lepontine area.
34
Reid, Mattie Morgan. "Forearc basin detrital zircon provenance of Mesozoic terrane accretion and translation, Talkeetna Mountains-Matanuska Valley, south-central Alaska". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5611.
Abstract (sommario):
The Wrangellia composite terrane is one of the largest fragments of juvenile crust added to the North American continent since Mesozoic time, and refining its accretionary history has important implications for understanding how continents grow. New U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous strata from the forearc of the Wrangellia composite terrane allows more insight on the tectonic and paleogeographic history of the terrane.
Our stratigraphically oldest samples from the Late Jurassic Naknek Formation have a detrital zircon U-Pb signature dominated by Early and Late Jurassic grains (195-190 Ma; 153-147 Ma). Hf isotopic compositions of these grains are juvenile to intermediate (εHf(t)=4.5-14.7). Disconformably above the Naknek Formation are two poorly understood units Ks and Kc. The Ks unit is dominated by Early to Late Jurassic grains (159-154 Ma) with a few Paleozoic grains (347-340 Ma). Hf isotopic compositions of Carboniferous-Jurassic grains are juvenile to intermediate (εHf(t)=6.0-18.8). The overlying Kc unit has Late to Early Jurassic zircons (198-161 Ma), and an increase in Paleozoic ages (374-323 Ma). Hf isotopic compositions of these grains are juvenile to intermediate (εHf(t)=4.5-14.7). Samples from the Matanuska Formation have major Late Cretaceous grains (90-71 Ma), and minor Early Cretaceous (137-106 Ma), Late to Early Jurassic (200-153 Ma), Paleozoic (367-277 Ma), and Precambrian grains (2597-1037 Ma). Hf compositions have a wider range from both the Late Cretaceous grains (εHf(t)=-1.5-14.9) and Paleozoic-Precambrian grains (εHf(t)=-23.7-16.3).
Our results suggest an evolving provenance from Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous time for the Wrangellia composite terrane forearc basin. The Late Jurassic Naknek Formation samples were dominantly derived from a juvenile to intermediate Jurassic igneous sediment source. During Early Cretaceous time, there is a slight increase in the number of Paleozoic grains in the Ks and Kc unit samples. The Early Cretaceous sediments have a mostly positive Hf isotopic compositions suggesting exhumation of Jurassic and Paleozoic juvenile igneous sediment sources. By Late Cretaceous time, our data illustrates another increase in Paleozoic grain abundances, in addition to the introduction of Precambrian grains, all with widely variable Hf isotopic compositions. We interpret this to reflect a larger sediment flux from the interior of Alaska where more evolved igneous rocks of that age are found.
35
Andersson, Barbro. "Metamorphic Evolution of the Tjeliken Garnet-Phengite Gneiss, Northern Jämtland, Swedish Caledonides". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-276515.
Abstract (sommario):
The Tjeliken Mountain in northern Jämtland, central Scandinavian Caledonides is by most authors considered to belong to the Lower Seve Nappe Complex (SNC). However, recently P-T conditions similar to the Middle Seve have been constrained for the eclogite at the top of the mountain, revitalizing the tectonic debate about Tjeliken. Also the timing of high-pressure metamorphism is debated. Two earlier studies of the eclogite yield ages between 464 Ma and 446 Ma. This study focuses on the garnet-phengite gneiss hosting the eclogite. By construction of P-T conditions and dating the two discrepancies above are investigated. U/Pb zircon dating by secondary ion mass spectrometry technique (SIMS) targeted on metamorphic rims yield a concordia age of 460.2 ± 2.7 Ma corresponding well to earlier c. 463.7 ± 8.9 Ma Sm/Nd dating of the eclogite. The inferred peak mineral assemblage of the gneiss is garnet + phengite + quartz + K-feldspar + titanite ± H2O. Thermodynamic modelling reveal that garnet cores equilibrated within 1.9 - 2.6 GPa and 600 - 700 oC. Fe2+-Mg garnet-phengite thermometry involving garnet rims yields temperatures of c. 650 - 715 oC revealing relatively similar temperatures during growth of garnet core and rim, respectively. Garnet chemistry is characterised by oscillatory zoning with an antithetic pattern of Ca and Fe. The former decreases from core to rim, whereas the latter increases. The opposite trend is observed in epidote-group minerals suggesting exchange between the two minerals during garnet growth. Skeletal textures and atoll textures together with observed chemical pattern may indicate multiple garnet growth episodes. The results of the study points toward similar P-T history of the Tjeliken eclogite and gneiss in favour of the interpretation of considering the whole Tjeliken to belong to the Lower Seve. The obtained U/Pb age support other age constraints in the area suggesting high-pressure metamorphism at c. 460 Ma related to a subduction event affecting the central Scandinavian Caledonides at c. 460 - 450 Ma.Den skandinaviska fjällkedjan, vetenskapligt benämnd de skandinaviska Kaledoniderna, har bildats på samma sätt som Himalaya och har därför liknande uppbyggnad. Från början tros fjällen ha varit av samma storlek som Himalayas berg. Deras ålder på cirka 400 miljoner år gör dock att miljontals års påverkan från vatten och vind har eroderat ner dem till dagens betydligt lägre fjäll. Den bergsyta vi ser idag utgör därför vad som från början var fjällkedjans kärna. Därför utgör de skandinaviska Kaledoniderna en unik möjlighet att studera en bergskedjas inre, vilket kan ge viktig information om bergkedjebildande processer.Forskning har visat att fjällkedjan bildades då Japetushavet mellan kontinenterna Baltika och Laurentia stängdes. Detta resulterade till slut i en kollision mellan de två kontinenterna där stora flak (skollor) av mellanliggande havsbotten och kontinentalskorpa transporterades hundratals kilometer upp på Baltika. Skollorna utgör idag våra fjäll. Känt är också att innan kontinentalkollisionen så kolliderade Baltika med öar i havet, varvid dess kontinentalkant pressades djupt ner under jordskorpan, ända ner i manteln. Bevis för detta återfinns idag i Sevesskollan ibland annat de jämtländska fjällen i form av högtrycksbergarter. Dessa har bildats under de höga tryck och temperaturer som råder på stora djup i jordens inre. Genom att studera högtrycksbergarter kan man förstå fjällkedjans bildande. Fjället Tjeliken i norra Jämtland är en av de idag kända fyndplatserna av högtrycksbergarter. Dess topp består av bergarten eklogit och dess lägre delar av gnejs, samt kvarts. Tidigare studier av eklogiten visar att den har bildats vid tryck och temperatur på cirka 2.6 GPa och 700 °C, vilket motsvarar att den varit nedpressad cirka 80 km under jordytan. Den exakta tidpunkten då detta skedde har inte kunnat fastställas då olika dateringsmetoder gett olika resultat mellan cirka 464 till 446 miljoner år sedan. I denna studie studeras tryck- och temperaturförhållanden för gnejsen som jämförelse till eklogiten, för att kunna fastställa om de båda bergarterna har genomgått samma bildningsprocesser. En ny datering genomförs också för att bättre kunna fastställa tidpunkten för högtrycksfasen.Datering baserat på radioaktivt sönderfall av uran till bly i mineralet zirkon visar att högtrycksfasen inträffade för cirka 460 miljoner år sedan. Modellering baserat på termodynamiska principer visar att kärnorna i mineralet granat bildades inom tryck- och temperaturområdet 1.9–2.6 GPa och c. 680-700 °C. En komplex kemisk zonering av granaterna indikerar att de möjligen bildades under flera tillväxtfaser, vilka inom ramen för denna studie inte kunnat modelleras, då mer avancerade metoder krävs. Denna studie visar dock att eklogiten och gnejsen sannolikt delar en gemensam tryck- och temperaturhistoria, vilken är relaterad till den djupa nedpressningen av Baltikas kontinentalkant under sen ordovicium. Dateringen stödjer även övriga åldersdateringar i området av högtrycksfasen.
36
Luo, Yan. "U-Pb age and Hf isotopic study of detrital zircons from the Liaohe Group constraints on the evolution of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, North China craton /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36639242.
37
Kawata, Marcelo Takei. "Evolução tectono-metamórfica da formação São Tomé, Grupo Rio Doce, faixa Araçuaí". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44141/tde-17072018-144805/.
Abstract (sommario):
A presente dissertação apresenta uma investigação sobre a evolução tectono-metamórfica da Formação São Tomé, uma das unidades metassedimentares pertencente ao Grupo Rio Doce, no Orógeno Araçuaí. Essa unidade, de origem pelítica, ocorre em uma faixa com direção geral aproximadamente N-S, com vergência para NE, contrária ao cráton São Francisco neste setor do orógeno. Possui como litotipo principal quartzo-mica xisto, com proporções variadas de granada, estaurolita, sillimanita e plagioclásio. Duas fases deformacionais estão registradas através de uma foliação continua S1 do tipo clivagem de fratura e uma foliação S2 de clivagem de crenulação. As relações texturais indicam que parte das fases minerais se cristalizaram tanto durante o evento deformacional como em condições ausentes de tensão deviatórica, e registro de condições de pico metamórfico de 6 kbar e 650 °C. Os dados geocronológicos foram obtidos em monazita por meio de datações Th-UPb em microssonda eletrônica. Foram identificadas três populações distintas: (i) A população mais antiga de 641±32 Ma, 614±39 Ma e 607±47 Ma, a qual pode representar grãos detríticos de corpos ígneos, não mais aflorantes, relacionados a um possível estagio pré-colisional ou, tratar-se de monazitas metamórficas formadas em um primeiro evento térmico; (ii) População com idades intermediárias entre 560±32 Ma e 559±29 Ma, compatíveis com as idades do ápice metamórfico regional; (iii) População mais jovem de idades entre 501±28 Ma e 491±34 Ma, condizentes com a formação concomitante à geração dos corpos ígneos tardios. Ainda que não esteja esclarecido se essas idades estão relacionadas a eventos metamórficos distintos ou são reflexo da baixa taxa de resfriamento do orógeno, os três grupos de monazita com idades distintas estão bem estabelecidos.The present dissertation presents an investigation on the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the São Tomé Formation, one of the metasedimentary units belonging to the Rio Doce Group, in the Araçuaí Orogen. This unit, of pelitic origin, occurs in a band with general direction approximately N-S, with vergence for NE, contrary to the São Francisco craton in this sector of the orogen. It has quartz-mica schist as main lithotype, with varying proportions of grarnet, staurolite, sillimanite and plagioclase. Two deformational phases are recorded through a continuous foliation S1 of the fracture cleavage type and a foliation S2 of crenulation cleavage. The textural relations indicate that part of the mineral phases crystallized both during the deformational event and in conditions absent of deviatore voltage, and record of metamorphic peak conditions of 6 kbar and 650 ° C. The geochronological data were obtained in monazite by means of Th-U-Pb dating in electron microprobe. Three distinct populations were identified: (i) The oldest population of 641 ± 32 Ma, 614 ± 39 Ma and 607 ± 47 Ma, which may represent detrital grains of igneous bodies, no longer outcrops, related to a possible pre- collisional or, being metamorphic monazites formed in a first thermal event; (ii) Populations with intermediate ages between 560 ± 32 Ma and 559 ± 29 Ma, compatible with regional metamorphic apex ages; (iii) Younger population between 501 ± 28 Ma and 491 ± 34 Ma, consistent with the formation concomitant with the generation of late igneous bodies. Although it is unclear whether these ages are related to distinct metamorphic events or are reflective of the low orogenic cooling rate, the three monazite groups of different ages are well established.
38
Wenham, Lana May. "Putting absolute, in-situ U-Pb ages to early-Archaean deformation events in the Muccan Granitic Complex, East Pilbara Terrane". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120829/2/Lana_Wenham_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
This project dated an Early Archaean partial convective overturn (tectonic) event in the East Pilbara Terrane, giving the first direct age for this event. Petrology, geochemistry and geochemistry techniques were combined in an exemplar case study of how to date deformation events in complex, poly-deformational rocks using the accessory mineral titanite.
39
De, Joux Alexandra. "Cosmos greenstone terrane : insights into an Archaean volcanic arc, associated with komatiite-hosted nickel sulphide mineralisation, from U-Pb dating, volcanic stratigraphy and geochemistry". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8918.
Abstract (sommario):
The Neoarchaean Agnew-Wiluna greenstone belt (AWB) of the Kalgoorlie Terrane, within the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane (EGS) of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, contains several world-class, komatiite-hosted, nickel-sulphide ore bodies. These are commonly associated with felsic volcanic successions, many of which are considered to have a tonalite-trondhjemite-dacite (TTD) affinity. The Cosmos greenstone sequence lies on the western edge of the AWB and this previously unstudied mineralised volcanic succession contrasts markedly in age, geochemistry, emplacement mechanisms and probable tectonic setting to that of the majority of the AWB and wider EGS. Detailed subsurface mapping has shown that the footwall to the Cosmos mineralised ultramafic sequence consists of an intricate succession of both fragmental and coherent extrusive lithologies, ranging from basaltic andesites through to rhyolites, plus later-formed felsic and basaltic intrusions. The occurrence of thick sequences of amygdaloidal intermediate lavas intercalated with extensive sequences of dacite lapilli tuff, coupled with the absence of marine sediments or hydrovolcanic products, indicates the succession was formed in a subaerial environment. Chemical composition of the non-ultramafic lithologies is typified by a high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonite signature, indicative of formation in a volcanic arc setting. Assimilation-fractional crystallisation modelling has shown that at least two compositionally distinct sources must be invoked to explain the observed basaltic andesite to rhyolite magma suite. High resolution U-Pb dating of several units within the succession underpins stratigraphic relationships established in the field and indicates that the emplacement of the Cosmos succession took place between ~2736 Ma and ~2653 Ma, making it significantly older and longer-lived than most other greenstone successions within the Kalgoorlie Terrane. Extrusive periodic volcanism spanned ~50 Myrs with three cycles of bimodal intermediate/felsic and ultramafic volcanism occurring between ~2736 Ma and ~2685 Ma. Periodic intrusive activity, related to the local granite plutonism, lasted for a further ~32 Myrs or until ~2653 Ma. The Cosmos succession either represents a separate, older terrane in its own right or it has an autochthonous relationship with the AWB but volcanism initiated much earlier in this region than currently considered. Dating of the Cosmos succession has demonstrated that high-resolution geochronology within individual greenstone successions can be achieved and provides more robust platforms for interpreting the evolution of ancient mineralised volcanic successions. The geochemical affinity of the Cosmos succession indicates a subduction zone was operating in the Kalgoorlie Terrane by ~2736 Ma, much earlier than considered in current regional geodynamic models. The Cosmos volcanic succession provides further evidence that plate tectonics was in operation during the Neoarchaean, contrary to some recently proposed tectonic models.
40
Gaylor, Jonathan. "40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Late Cretaceous". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017165.
Abstract (sommario):
As part of the wider European GTS Next project, I propose new constraints on the ages of the Late Cretaceous, derived from a multitude of geochronological techniques, and successful stratigraphic interpretations from Canada and Japan. In the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, we propose a new constraint on the age of the K/Pg boundary in the Red Deer River section (Alberta, Canada). We were able to cyclostratigraphically tune sediments in a non-marine, fluvial environment utilising high-resolution proxy records suggesting a 11-12 precession related cyclicity. Assuming the 40Ar/39Ar method is inter-calibrated with the cyclostratigraphy, the apparent age for C29r suggests that the K/Pg boundary falls between eccentricity maxima and minima, yielding an age of the C29r between 65.89 ± 0.08 and 66.30 ± 0.08 Ma. Assuming that the bundle containing the coal horizon represents a precession cycle, the K/Pg boundary is within the analytical uncertainty of the youngest zircon population achieving a revised age for the K/Pg boundary as 65.75 ± 0.06 Ma. The Campanian - Maastrichtian boundary is preserved in the sedimentary succession of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and has been placed ~8 m below Coal nr. 10. Cyclostratigraphic studies show that the formation of these depositional sequences (alternations) of all scales are influenced directly by sea-level changes due to precession but more dominated by eccentricity cycles proved in the cyclostratigraphic framework and is mainly controlled by sand horizons, which have been related by autocyclicity in a dynamic sedimentary setting. Our work shows that the Campanian - Maastrichtian boundary in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin coincides with ~2.5 eccentricity cycles above the youngest zircon age population at the bottom of the section and ~4.9 Myr before the Cretaceous - Palaeogene boundary (K/Pg), and thus corresponds to an absolute age of 70.65 ± 0.09 Ma producing an ~1.4 Myr younger age than recent published ages. Finally, using advances with terrestrial carbon isotope and planktonic foraminifera records within central Hokkaido, Northwest Pacific, sections from the Cretaceous Yezo group were correlated to that of European and North American counterparts. Datable ash layers throughout the Kotanbetsu and Shumarinai section were analysed using both 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb methods. We successfully dated two ash tuff layers falling either side of the Turonian - Coniacian boundary, yielding an age range for the boundary between 89.31 ± 0.11 Ma and 89.57 ± 0.11 Ma or a boundary age of 89.44 ± 0.24 Ma. Combining these U-Pb ages with recent published ages we are able to reduce the age limit once more and propose an age for the Turonian - Coniacian boundary as 89.62 ± 0.04 Ma.
41
PAVANETTO, PAMELA. "Zircon U-PB and LU-HF isotopic data from some peri-gondwana variscan terranes (Sardinia-Corsica block and calabropeloritan arc): new insights on the cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the central mediterranean basin". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266140.
Abstract (sommario):
The reconstruction of pre-Variscan plates configuration in the Mediterranean area, is still poorly understood. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the relationships between peri-Tyrrhenian blocks such as Sardinia-Corse block (SCB) and Calabrian-Peloritain Arc (CPA), which before the opening of South Tyrrhenian Basin belonged to a branch of Southern Variscan Realm (Alvarez & Shimabukuro, 2009). Is still ambiguous if the CPA in the early time was formed by an amalgamation of two or more continental terranes that collided during Tertiary (Bonardi etal., 1980; Scandone, 1982) or was a single terrane during the middle and late Tertiary (Amodio-Morelli et al., 1976).
With the aim to provide a contribution in unraveling the peri-Tyrrhenian area evolution of the peri-Gondwana terranes, amalgamated during Variscan and widespread during Cainozoic opening (and closing) of Tethys, both Variscan and Tertiary rocks cropping out in the two Blocks have been
investigated, either magmatic or sedimentary. The first part of the research was focused on the magmatic bodies supposed belonging to the European Variscides with the aim to provide more constrains to the Variscan magmatic evolutionand so to draft the analogies between the present-day, separated blocks. In detail, the geochemical
data from magmatic and detrital zircons of the basement rocks highlight analogies or differences between the tectono-sedimentary sectors of the Sardinian Variscides (nappe and foreland zones) and between them and the Calabria Variscides. The geochemical whole rocks analyses and U-Pb data obtained show that the Variscan basement which crops out in the Northern part of the CPA
(Sila region) is characterized by the similar features of that in the SCB: the Middle Ordovician and Late Palaeozoic magmatic products recognized in the two blocks look similar. Some of these data can provide new insights also about the Ordovician evolution of the Northern Gondwana margin. To compare the and better constrain the relationships between the two blocks, detrital zircons
were sampled in Tertiary rocks in NE Sardinia, E Corsica and Calabria, commonly regarded as closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Central-western Mediterranean. The analyses performed suggest some differences on the classical paleo-geographic positions of the SCB respect
to the CPA and some assumptions can be made also about their relationships with other peri-Gondwana terranes. The association of U-Pb and Lu-Hf study performed on Tertiary detrital zircon populations is a good tool to furnish more data for recognize the pre-Variscan inputs suffered by the
peri-Tyrrhenian area, and to highlight differences and similarities between them. The first consideration that can be made is that the two blocks suffered different crustal
evolution. The main difference between them has given by the Grenvillian zircons input studied in the Tertiary deposits. The Southern part of CPA (Aspromonte and Peloritani) is characterized by the lacking of Mesoproterozoic age, whereas the Northern part of CPA (Sila) together with the SCB, are characterized by an important Grenvillian input. These considerations have a geodynamic implications about the misunderstood early evolution of the studied zones The Southern part of
CPA shows strong similarities with Cadomiam terranes, which permit to correlate it with the evolution of Variscides now cropping out in North Africa. The SCB and the Northern part of CPA could be associated to the other European Variscan terranes (e.g. Iberia) characterized by widespread Grenvillian zircons. A supplementary assumption that stem out from these analyses is that the early position of SCB and Northern part of CPA, were possibly close to the Amazonian craton or nearness to the West African craton (Arabian-Nubian shield and the Sahara Metacraton),
quite different from more of the proposed reconstructions.
Finally, considering all these data in the complicated evolution of southern Tyrrhenian basin, here is supported the “two-terrane model” (slightly different from that proposed by Alvarez and Shimabukuro, 2009) which considers the CPA composed by a northern CPA terrane connected with
the SCB from the end of the Variscan orogeny until the almost the Eocene. The southern CPA terrane suffered a different evolution before the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea. According to the roll-back model of the westward subduction of Adria plate under Europe during Neogene-Pliocene the whole CPA, likely amalgamated in the early Miocene, was then tear apart from SCB and drifted
away eastwards during the open of the South Tyrrhenian basin.
42
Bruguier, Olivier. "Applications de la géochronologie U-Pb sur monocristal de zircon abrasé en domaines sédimentaire et magmatique : source des matériaux détritiques, témoins archéens crustaux et géodynamique globale". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20106.
Abstract (sommario):
L'application de la methode u-pb sur monocristal de zircon abrase en domaine sedimentaire (bassin d'hornelen, norvege; bassin de songpan-garze, chine; groupe de tasmiyele, siberie) et magmatique (orthogneiss de kaduna, nigeria) permet de retrouver l'origine du materiel detritique ou la source des magmas. Pour le bassin d'hornelen, les sediments proviennent du socle environnant structure lors des evenements svecofenien (1. 45-1. 75 ga) et sveconorvegien (0. 95-1. 25 ga). Un apport a partir de materiel plus ancien (superieur a 2. 3 ga) est egalement identifie et pourrait provenir de la province carelienne (bouclier balte) ou de la marge est du groenland. Les gres du bassin de songpan-garze ont une origine a partir de materiel proterozoique (1. 8-2. 0 ga) et archeen issu du craton sino-coreen et repris lors de l'orogenese caledonienne. Une variation du spectre d'age entre les gres du trias moyen et ceux du trias superieur est reliee a la fermeture du bassin et a l'edification de la chaine des qinling ou a une variation laterale. Les sediments du groupe du tasmiyele ont une origine locale a partir du socle environnant essentiellement forme au cours de la periode 2. 9-3. 1 ga. La datation de materiel intrusif granitique permet de proposer un age archeen pour le depot des sediments (entre 2. 50 et 2. 96 ga). L'orthogneiss de kaduna, mis en place a 3050+/7 ma et gneissifie a 612+/7 ma contient des composants herites d'age archeen ancien (superieur a 3. 56 ga) jusqu'a present non reconnus en afrique de l'ouest
43
Cannic, Sébastien. "L'évolution magmatique et tectono-métamorphique du substratum du domaine valaisan (complexe du Versoyen, Alpes occidentales) : Implications dans l'histoire alpine". Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10155.
Abstract (sommario):
Le domaine valaisan dessine une suture qui marque la limite entre les zones internes et externes des Alpes occidentales. Cette suture est constituée de roches magmatiques d'affinité tholéïtique (le complexe du Versoyen) dont l'interprétation géodynamique était controversée. En effet, suivant les auteurs, cette suture pourrait représenter: 1) une klippe d'origine piémontaise (suture d'hyper-collision), 2) une écaille ophiolitique située au front d'un prisme d'accrétion (suture océanique), 3) un complexe magmatique lié à un amincissement crustal (inversion structurale). Le but de ce travail était de trouver des arguments qui permettaient de résoudre cette controverse. Ainsi les résultats acquis au cours de cette thèse montrent que: ― Le magmatisme tholéïtique du Versoyen, dans les régions du col du Petit Saint Bernard (frontière franco-italienne) et de Visp (Suisse), présente des caractères géochimiques et isotopiques identiques qui sont intermédiaires entre ceux des N-MORB et des T-MORB. Ces tholéïtes dériveraient de la fusion partielle d'un manteau appauvri (de type N-MORB), avec probablement la participation d'une source enrichie (de type OIB). ― Dans la région du col du Petit Saint Bernard, certaines tholéïtes sont recoupées par des filons leucocrates qui correspondent à des liquides différenciés, cogénétiques du magmatisme. Les datations U/Pb sur les zircons contenus dans l'un de ces filons indiquent un âge Carbonifère supérieur pour le magmatisme du Versoyen. ― Le complexe du Versoyen est affecté par un métamorphisme polyphasé de type éclogitique, schiste bleu et schiste vert. La paragénèse éclogitique correspond à des conditions de Haute-Pression et Basse-Température qui traduisent un enfouissement à grande profondeur, lié à une subduction. Les datations Ar/Ar réalisées sur les phengites donnent des âges de refroidissement proches de 33 Ma et permettent d'affiner le chemin P-T-t de ce complexe au cours de l'exhumation des éclogites. ― Le complexe du Versoyen est affecté par une déformation syn-schiste vert qui correspond à un jeu normal vers le SE. Cette déformation apparait dès l'Èocène supérieur ― Oligocène et explique en partie l'exhumation des éclogites. Ce jeu normal est contemporain de chevauchements dans la zone externe et pourrait accomoder un réamincissement crustal au cours de la collision alpine. Ces données permettent une réinterprétation de la signification géodynamique du complexe du Versoyen dont l'individualisation est liée au cycle hercynien alors que son évolution tectonométamorphique est contrôlée par l'orogénèse alpine
44
Didier, Amélie. "Comportement géochimique du chronomètre U-Th-Pb dans la monazite : approche par analyses in-situ au LA-ICP-MS". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966588.
Abstract (sommario):
La richesse en Th et en U de la monazite en fait un excellent géochronomètre pour dater les roches magmatiques et métamorphiques de la croûte terrestre. Peu sensible à la diffusion du Pb dans sa structure cristalline, elle peut enregistrer des évènements géologiques de haute température sans risque de remise à zéro de son géochronomètre. Réservoir principal des actinides et des lanthanides, elle participe à de nombreuses réactions minéralogiques, faisant aussi d'elle un très bon traceur pétrogénétique. Coupler sa chimie à son isotopie permet donc d'interpréter précisément la nature des processus géologiques dont elle enregistre l'âge. L'étude de trois objets géologiques distincts a permis de montrer que la monazite est très sensible aux interactions avec les fluides. Ils vont induire sa dissolution partielle ou totale, suivie de la recristallisation de nouveaux grains. De multiples paramètres vont influencer son comportement face au fluide. Ainsi, à basse température (350°C - 450°C) dans un microgranite, un fluide riche en fluor et carbonates va favoriser la dissolution-précipitation de la monazite, alors qu'un fluide riche en éléments alcalins n'aura aucun effet sur elle. Par contre, à plus haute température (> 600°C) dans des roches métapélitiques, ce même fluide va induire sa dissolution-précipitation. En fonction de la mobilité du Pb, du Th et de l'U, le mécanisme de dissolution-précipitation peut avoir différents impacts sur le géochronomètre : ainsi, l'âge des grains recristallisés peut soit correspondre à l'âge du grain initial, soit dater l'interaction avec le fluide, soit n'avoir aucune signification géologique. Les systèmes isotopiques U-Pb et Th-Pb peuvent également être affectés par l'incorporation de Pb commun dans la monazite lors de sa cristallisation (jusqu'à plusieurs centaines de ppm), ce qui va artificiellement vieillir les âges enregistrés. L'ensemble de ces observations montre que l'âge enregistré par la monazite s'interprète au cas par cas. Dans l'avenir, l'optimisation de l'utilisation de la monazite comme géochronomètre doit passer par (1) une amélioration des techniques d'analyses (augmentation de la résolution spatiale pour résoudre des problèmes géologiques à l'échelle nanométrique, standardisation avec des monazites homogènes) et (2) un couplage de différents types d'analyses (chimie, datation, isotopes de l'oxygène). Ceci devrait permettre d'interpréter aux mieux les âges qu'elle enregistre.
45
Airaghi, Laura. "Etude pétro-chronologique de la chaîne des Longmen Shan (Tibet oriental) : héritage géologique et implications pour la géodynamique actuelle". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU029/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Un des enjeux majeurs en Sciences de la Terre est la compréhension des mécanismes de déformation de la lithosphère continentale dans des zones de convergence. Le plateau Tibétain constitue un laboratoire naturel idéal pour l'étude des processus crustaux profonds actifs dans ces contextes, du fait de sa superficie et de son altitude remarquables. Le soulèvement et l'épaississement de la croûte Tibétaine ont été classiquement attribués aux effets de la collision Inde-Asie Tertiaire. Cependant, cette interprétation a été récemment mise en question par une série d’observations géologiques et géophysiques non concordantes, à différents endroits du plateau.L'objectif de cette thèse est de quantifier l’importance de l’héritage géologique dans la déformation à long-terme et à court-terme d’une chaîne active, en déchiffrant les différentes étapes de la structuration des Longmen Shan, la bordure la plus énigmatique du plateau Tibétain. Dans la chaîne des Longmen Shan la croûte Tibétaine est très épaissie (>60 km) et l'activité tectonique est localisée le long des failles d’échelle lithosphérique, comme démontré par les séismes de Wenchuan 2008 (Mw 7.9) et de Lushan 2013 (Mw 6.6). Un fort gradient topographique est présent, bien que les taux de convergence mesurés par GPS soient très faibles (<3 mm/an). Ces caractéristiques ne sont pas explicables par un modèle unique de déformation crustale, ce qui suggère une forte contribution de l'héritage géologique acquis avant la collision Inde-Asie dans la structure actuelle de la chaîne.Une étude pétro-chronologique qui combine des observations microstructurales avec la cartographie chimique des minéraux majeurs et accessoires, la modélisation thermodynamique et la datation in-situ par méthode 40Ar/39Ar et U-Pb/Th sur mica et allanite a été appliquée aux roches métamorphique à l’affleurement de chaque côté des faille majeures. L’analyse haute résolution montre que les minéraux métamorphiques dans la matrice des sédiments à grenat provenant des unités internes de la chaîne préservent dans leur composition le témoignage de différentes étapes du métamorphisme. Ceci s’explique par un rééquilibrage chimique incomplet en raison de la variabilité des fluides disponibles au cours du métamorphisme. Les différentes étapes du métamorphisme sont aussi enregistrées dans le signal 40Ar/39Ar des micas et dans la composition des minéraux accessoires.La compréhension des processus pétrologiques à petite échelle a été intégrée aux observations de terrain afin de quantifier l’épaississement de la croûte Tibétaine au Mésozoïque (> 30 km) et de mettre en évidence un saut métamorphique >150°C à travers les failles majeures, hérité de la tectonique Mésozoïque. Si les unités internes de la chaîne ont été fortement déformées, découplées du socle cristallin et métamorphisées à T ~580-600°C (P ~11 kbar), les unités externes apparaissent moins déformées et épaissies (T< 400°C, P< 5 kbar). Une exhumation partielle du socle depuis c. 20 km de profondeur a été également documentée à 120-140 Ma et reliée à un évènement tectonique méconnu auparavant.Cette thèse a ainsi permis de quantifier la durée et les conditions qui caractérisent les différentes étapes de la maturation de la chaîne: les unités internes atteignent la relaxation thermique 40 Ma après le début de la propagation du prisme orogénique. Le socle est réactivé 40 Ma plus tard, lorsqu’il atteint des conditions thermiques proches de celles de sa couverture sédimentaire. L’héritage géologique Mésozoïque contrôle fortement l’état thermique et rhéologique de la croûte supérieure au moment de la réactivation Cénozoïque ainsi que la structure actuelle de la chaîne.L’étude petro-chronologique de différents segments de la chaîne a aussi mis en évidence une segmentation métamorphique héritée du Mésozoïque qui correspond à la segmentation actuelle des failles. Ceci suggère que des structures héritées pourraient en partie contrôler la localisation des séismes récentsOne of the major challenges in Earth Sciences is understanding how the continental lithosphere deforms in convergent settings, according to which timescales. For its elevation and extension the Tibetan plateau is an ideal natural laboratory for the study of deep crustal processes in active convergent settings. The rise and thickening of the Tibetan plateau has generally been related to the only collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates during the Cenozoic. However, this interpretation has been recently put into question by apparently contrasting geophysical and geological features observed at different locations on the plateau.The aim of this PhD is to quantify the importance of the geological inheritance in the long-term and short-term deformation of an active thrust belt, focusing on the Longmen Shan orogen, the most enigmatic border of the Tibetan plateau. In the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet) the Tibetan crust is over thickened (>60 km), the tectonic activity is localized along lithospheric faults -as demonstrated by the occurrence of the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan (2008) and Mw 6.6 Lushan (2013) earthquakes- and a high topography survives despite low convergence rates measured by GPS (<3 mm/yr). These observations are hardly reconcilable in a unique model of crustal deformation, suggesting a contribution of the geological inheritance from the geological history preceding the India-Asia collision.A petro-chronological approach that combines microstructural observations, compositional mapping of major and accessory mineral phases, thermodynamic modelling, in-situ 40Ar/39Ar dating, Ar diffusion modelling and in-situ U/Pb-Th allanite dating was applied to metamorphic rocks on each side of the major faults that strike parallel to the belt. This high-resolution study shows that in garnet-bearing rocks of the internal units of the belt matrix minerals record different stages of the metamorphic path in their composition. This is due to an incomplete chemical re-equilibration explained by a variable fluid availability during metamorphism. Different stages of metamorphism and fluid-assisted reactions sequences are also recorded in the 40Ar/39Ar signal of micas and in the composition and textures of the accessory phases.The understanding of petrological processes at the small scale was combined with field observations to quantify the Mesozoic thickness of the Tibetan crust at > 30 km and to unravel a metamorphic jump of greater than 150°C across the major faults, inherited from the Mesozoic tectonics. While internal units of the belt were strongly deformed, decoupled from the basement and metamorphosed at T ~ 580-600°C (P ~11 kbar), external units were less deformed and experienced lower temperatures conditions (T < 400°C, P < 5 kbar). The partial exhumation of the crystalline basement from c. 20 km depth along the major fault (in both internal and external units) occurred at c. 120-140 Ma during a previously poorly documented tectonic event.The multi-method approach applied on a wide geographical area and on a large time interval enabled to quantify the rates and conditions of the different stages of the maturation of the belt; internal units reached the thermal relaxation at ~600°C 40 Ma after the beginning of the propagation of the orogenic load. The basement was re-activated 40 Ma later, at similar thermal conditions than its sedimentary cover. The Mesozoic geological inheritance is therefore a key element in the present structure of the belt and strongly controlled the rheological and structural state of the upper crust at the moment of the Cenozoic re-activation.The petro-chronological study of different segments of the belt showed an along-strike metamorphic segmentation of the Longmen Shan inherited from the Mesozoic. This segmentation corresponds to the present fault segmentation, underlying the potential role of inherited structure in controlling the geographic distribution of the recent earthquakes
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Laurent, Antonin. "Etude pétrologique et chronométrique (U-Th-Pb) de la monazite et du zircon dans les granulites de ultra-haute température du Rogaland, Norvège". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30290/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La compréhension des processus orogéniques nécessite un couplage toujours plus étroit entre données pétrologiques visant à contraindre le trajet pression-température des roches et les données géochronologiques donnant accès aux âges et durées absolues. Cette thèse vise en premier lieu à étudier le comportement des monazites et des zircons, utilisés en géochronométrie U-Th-Pb dans les granulites de ultra-haute température (UHT) du Rogaland (sud de la Norvège). Nous montrons que la datation ponctuelle in-situ U-Th-Pb, combinée à l'analyse des éléments majeurs et traces contenus dans la monazite permet d'identifier et de quantifier deux incursions à ultra-haute température du Rogaland à 1030-1005 Ma et à 940-930 Ma. En effet, l'examen des relations de phases à l'équilibre entre monazite, xénotime et huttonite a permis de démontrer que les monazites étaient capables de cristalliser et d'enregistrer des températures supérieures à 880 °C. D'autre part, la caractérisation chimique et isotopique U-Th-Pb-O des néocristallisations et surcroissances des zircons permet de définir un intervalle de temps de 60 Ma entre les deux pics de métamorphisme, au cours duquel la croûte moyenne était partiellement fondue à des températures supérieures à 800°C et à basse pression (0.7-0.4 GPa). Ces travaux de thèse soulignent par ailleurs la variété des facteurs susceptibles de conduire à la remise à zéro, partielle ou non, des âges U-Th-Pb dans les monazites et les zircons. Nous montrons que compte tenu de l'histoire T-t du domaine étudié, le système chronométrique U-Th-Pb est largement contrôlé dans le zircon par le degré d'amorphisation de ce dernier lié à son auto-irradiation, alors que dans la monazite, ce sont les processus de dissolution-recristallisation en présence de fluides silicatés ou aqueux qui sont prépondérants. Nous montrons également qualitativement l'influence des conditions d'oxydo-réduction dans l'incorporation du S comme sulfate dans le réseau cristallin de la monazite et par conséquent le potentiel que représente la monazite pour sonder l'état d'oxydo-réduction lié aux différents évènements géologiques, dans les roches métamorphiques. Finalement, nous mettons en évidence une corrélation spatiale et temporelle entre magmatisme mantellique et métamorphisme de ultra-haute température qui ne peut être expliquée avec les modèles actuellement acceptés pour la genèse du métamorphisme de UHT. Ces observations peuvent néanmoins être expliquées en prenant en compte la différence de composition et de température du manteau Protérozoïque comparé à l'actuel, favorisant le développement d'orogènes ultra-chauds et de phénomènes gravitairesUnderstanding mountain building processes requires a better integration of petrological and peochronological data in order to link pressure-temperature paths to absolute ages. This work focuses on the behaviour of monazite and zircon, which are used as geochronometers, in ultra-high temperature granulites of Rogaland (South Norway). We show that linking in-situ U-Th-Pb dating of monazite with its major- and trace-element composition lead to the recognition of two ultra-high temperature (UHT) metamorphic events in Rogaland at c.1030-1005 Ma and c. 940-930 Ma. Indeed, the examination of monazite-xenotime-huttonite phase relationships suggests that monazite may record crystallization age at or near ultra-high temperature. Besides, the chemical and U-Th-Pb-O isotopic characterization of zircon neo-crystallization or overgrowths indicates that the Rogaland crust remains molten (> 800 °C at 0.7-0.4 GPa) at least during 60 My between the two identified UHT excursions. This manuscript also highlights the various factors responsible for U-Th-Pb (partial) resetting in the course of granulite facies metamorphism. Zircon behaviour is mostly controlled its level of amorphization, enhancing Pb loss during annealing, whereas monazite resetting is dominated by dissolution-precipitation processes in the presence of a melt or fluid phase. More specifically, we point out that monazite may be used to monitor the redox conditions of its crystallizing medium since monazite may incorporate the redox-sensitive element S in its lattice as sulphate. Finally, we demonstrate a spatial and temporal correlation between magmatism and UHT metamorphism in Rogaland. The timescale, P-T path and tectono-magmatic history however cannot be explained by currently accepted models for UHT. We suggest that physical and thermal specificities of Proterozoic mantle may explain the observed ultra-hot orogen style and the occurrence of gravity driven processes during orogeny
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Moussavou, Mathieu. "Contribution à l'histoire thermo-tectonique varisque du massif des Maures, par la typologie du zircon et la géochronologie U/Pb sur minéraux accessoires (Var, France)". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20016.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce travail utilise les caracteres morphologiques des zircons et les proprietes de geochronometre du systeme u/pb sur mineraux accessoires, pour apporter des elements essentiels a la comprehension et a l'interpretation geodynamique du massif des maures. On a ainsi etudie des roches diverses, choisies en fonction de l'information geodynamique qu'elles peuvent vehiculer. Les resultats obtenus nous ont permis de montrer, dans la partie occidentale du massif des maures, l'existence de materiel crustal d'age ancien. Dans le cas de l'orthogneiss de bormes, mis en place de facon syn-cinematique a 3453ma, un heritage precambrien (1. 2 2. 0ga) a ete mis en evidence. Ce resultat, refute l'idee de socle cadomien pour cette unite. Par contre, dans la partie orientale du massif des maures un age a 617 630ma a ete trouve pour le leucosome et les migmatites. Les autres evenements geologiques identifies dans le massif des maures correspondent a la mise en place des differents granitoides syn a post-cinematiques (granite syn a tardi-cinematique de l'hermitan (3386ma) ; tonalite tardi-cinematique de la carriere du reverdit (3344ma) et le granite post-cinematique du plan de la tour (3245ma). Ces resultats contribuent a l'elaboration d'un modele d'evolution du massif des maures : activite magmatique cambro-ordovicien (5075ma), liee a une phase de distension d'un socle cadomien (617 630 ma), subduction a 4314ma, activite granitique syn a post-cinematique jusqu'a 3245ma.
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Gauthiez, Putallaz Laure. "Tracing fluids during medium to ultra-high pressure metamorphism: insights by combined in situ oxygen isotopes and trace element analysis". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/157028.
Abstract (sommario):
Fluids are an essential component of tectonic and metamorphic processes such as subduction and crustal anatexis. Fluids are elusive to trace as they commonly escape high-pressure rocks. This study uses oxygen isotopes to identify fluid influxes in metamorphic rocks and tie them to geologic events, measuring δ18O in situ by ion microprobe in garnet, zircon, apatite, monazite and lawsonite. New method developments are presented for δ18O analyses by Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe: (i) in apatite, a precision of 0.2‰ (1σ) is achieved; diffusion modelling shows that apatite is expected to preserve oxygen isotope signatures from 400-450°C and below; (ii) a matrix correction scheme is derived for monazite oxygen isotope measurement, allowing a precision of 0.35‰ (1σ); (iii) rutile oxygen isotope measurements yield major orientation effects. Fluid pulses generated by prograde dehydration reactions are investigated in the ultra-high-pressure Dora Maira whiteschists, Italy. Rare-earth-element abundances indicate prograde monazite and zircon growth (pre-garnet 34.5±0.7 Ma, 6.4‰ and syn-garnet at 34.9±0.4 Ma, 6.2 to 6.7‰), which are linked to dehydration reactions using thermodynamic modelling. This allows drawing a P-T-time-fluid path that implies that (i) prograde subduction from 25 to 45 kbar occurred within a couple of My (minimum burial rate of 2 cm/yr); (ii) high-pressure fluids were of internal origin and metasomatism likely have occurred at a rifting phase before subduction. Four phases of fluid circulations are identified in the high-pressure low-temperature lawsonite eclogites and blueschists of the Tavşanlı zone, Turkey. The Halilbağı unit is an oceanic complex containing various sediments and serpentinite together with 222±5 Ma MORB and 123±3 Ma OIB lithologies (zircon U-Pb, whole-rock major and trace elements). The sequence was thoroughly altered and mechanically mixed at the seafloor and in the accretionary prism, leading to overall high whole-rock δ18O of 11.0-17.0‰ for metabasites. Garnet, apatite and lawsonite are zoned in δ18O in samples across the unit, with contrasts of 7‰ in a MORB eclogite (garnet core: 6.3‰, rim: 13‰) and 3‰ in an impure quartzite (apatite core: 19.5‰, rim: 17‰). Petrographic and trace element evidence allow identifying localised prograde-peak fluid influx, and homogenisation of oxygen isotopes and Sr/Pb at the start of retrogression by pervasive fluid circulation across the unit. Heavy δ18O signatures (WR: 11.8 to 13.6‰) were measured in Eoarchaean metasediments from the Isua supracrustal belt, Greenland. The sources of the sediments were mantle-derived boninites (mafic component) and andesites (felsic component, detrital/volcanic zircons dated at 3709 Ma,δ18O 5.3‰). Three garnet growth zones record high δ18O (9 to 10‰), in equilibrium with the whole-rock. Rare-earth-element and petrographic evidence allow identifying a higher-pressure signature in the high- δ18O garnet, which can be linked to a 3690-3660 Ma tectonic event. The elevated δ18O signature in the metasediments thus originated from surficial processes (e.g. weathering) before 3690Ma. Melting of such heavy-δ18O amphibolite-facies sediments could represent a source for early Archean high-δ18O magmas and zircons. The combination of oxygen isotope and trace element microanalysis in zoned minerals proves a powerful tool for uncovering multistage minor and major fluid infiltration events in metamorphic rocks.
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Green, Michael Godfrey. "Early Archaean crustal evolution: evidence from ~3.5million year old greenstone successions in the Pilgangoora Belt, Pilbara Craton, Australia". University of Sydney. Geosciences, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/505.
Abstract (sommario):
In the Pilgangoora Belt of the Pilbara Craton, Australia, the 3517 Ma Coonterunah Group and 3484-3468 Ma Carlindi granitoids underlie the 3458 Ma Warrawoona Group beneath an erosional unconformity, thus providing evidence for ancient emergent continental crust. The basalts either side of the unconformity are remarkably similar, with N-MORB-normalised enrichment factors for LILE, Th, U and LREE greater than those for Ta, Nb, P, Zr, Ti, Y and M-HREE, and initial e(Nd, Hf) compositions which systematically vary with Sm/Nd, Nb/U and Nb/La ratios. Geological and geochemical evidence shows that the Warrawoona Group was erupted onto continental basement, and that these basalts assimilated small amounts of Carlindi granitoid. As the Coonterunah basalts have similar compositions, they probably formed likewise, although they were deposited >60 myr before. Indeed, such a model may be applicable to most other early Pilbara greenstone successions, and so an older continental basement was probably critical for early Pilbara evolution. The geochemical, geological and geophysical characteristics of the Pilbara greenstone successions can be best explained as flood basalt successions deposited onto thin, submerged continental basement. This magmatism was induced by thermal upwelling in the mantle, although the basalts themselves do not have compositions which reflect derivation from an anomalously hot mantle. The Carlindi granitoids probably formed by fusion of young garnet-hornblende-rich sialic crust induced by basaltic volcanism. Early Archaean rocks have Nd-Hf isotope compositions which indicate that the young mantle had differentiated into distinct isotopic domains before 4.0 Ga. Such ancient depletion was associated with an increase of mantle Nb/U ratios to modern values, and hence this event probably reflects the extraction of an amount of continental crust equivalent to its modern mass from the primitive mantle before 3.5 Ga. Thus, a steady-state model of crustal growth is favoured whereby post ~4.0 Ga continental additions have been balanced by recycling back into the mantle, with no net global flux of continental crust at modern subduction zones. It is also proposed that the decoupling of initial e(Nd) and e(Hf) from its typical covariant behaviour was related to the formation of continental crust, perhaps by widespread formation of TTG magmas.
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Kahou, Steven. "Caractérisation pétro-géochimique des minéralisations cuprifères supergènes en Atacama (Nord Chili) : potentiel chronométrique U-Pb et conditions de formation". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30285.
Abstract (sommario):
Les minéralisations cuprifères supergènes (MCS) représentent la viabilité économique de nombreux porphyres cuprifères de par le monde. Ces minéralisations dérivent de processus supergènes, définis comme étant l'altération en conditions oxydantes des sulfures primaires et tout enrichissement en sulfures secondaires qui en découle. Des conditions tectoniques, climatiques et géomorphologiques favorables sont requises pour la formation des minéralisations cuprifères supergènes. La tectonique contrôle le soulèvement nécessaire pour induire la baisse de la nappe phréatique et l'oxydation des sulfures primaires. Le climat contrôle le lessivage du cuivre dans l'environnement supergène et la circulation des eaux météoriques dans le milieu de dépôt. Dans le désert d'Atacama, les MCS semblent se former pendant des périodes climatiques spécifiques du Tertiaire durant la formation du relief Andin. Cependant, de nombreuses incertitudes persistent quant à la genèse et au moment précis de la formation de ces MCS. Ce travail de thèse présente des données minéralogiques et chimiques de minéraux échantillonnés dans des MCS in situ et exotiques provenant de deux zones géologiques et climatiques distinctes, à savoir le désert d'Atacama au nord du Chili, et le district minier de Gaoua, au Burkina Faso. Bien que ces deux régions aient connu une histoire géologique et climatique différente, elles ont toutes deux subi un contrôle géologique et climatique similaire pour former et préserver les MCS. La chrysocolle et la pseudomalachite sont les minéraux les plus abondants dans les MCS du désert d'Atacama. Ceci nous a poussé à tester le potentiel de ces deux minéraux comme géochronomètre pour replacer la formation des MCS dans un contexte géochronologique. Cependant, la variation de la teneur en U d'un minéral à l'autre, la contribution du Pb commun et l'absence de standards spécifiques à ces minéraux ont représenté un challenge pour la datation de ces deux minéraux. Une approche mixte combinant la datation in situ U-Pb LA-ICP-MS et la cartographie isotopique ainsi que les analyses isotopiques de l'oxygène au SIMS a été appliquée aux dépôts exotiques de cuivre de Mina Sur, Damiana et El Cobre et à la minéralisation cuprifère supergène in situ du district minier de Gaoua. Quelle que soit leur localisation, les résultats démontrent le rôle important joué par les paramètres géologiques locaux sur le contrôle du chronomètre U-Pb dans les minéraux supergènes de cuivre. La teneur initiale élevée en U du porphyre source peut favoriser la présence de minéraux cuprifères supergènes riches en U, comme c'est le cas à Mina Sur. En outre, une altération supergène à long terme favorisera une circulation continue des eaux météoriques dans l'environnement de dépôt, ce qui peut entraîner le lessivage de l'U du porphyre source et permettre la formation de minéraux cuprifères supergènes pauvres en U, à une époque relativement récente. Les résultats prometteurs obtenus pendant cette thèse représentent de nouveaux outils pour comprendre les conditions physico-chimiques, climatiques et géologiques qui ont prévalu lors de la formation des minéralisations cuprifères supergènes dans le désert d'Atacama, mais aussi dans la région de Gaoua au Burkina Faso, et fournissent des indications quant à leur prospection dans le monde entierSupergene copper mineralization (SCM) are nowadays the economic viability of many porphyry copper deposits worldwide. These mineralization are derived from supergene processes, defined as sulfide oxidation and leaching of ore deposits in the weathering environment, and any attendant secondary sulfide enrichment. For supergene copper mineralization to form, favorable tectonics, climate and geomorphologic conditions are required. Tectonics control the uplift needed to induce groundwater lowering and leaching of sulphides from a porphyry copper deposit. Climate controls copper leaching in the supergene environment and groundwater circulation towards the locus where supergene copper-bearing minerals precipitate. In Atacama Desert of northern Chile, SCM seem to take place during specific Tertiary climatic periods and relief formation. But many uncertainties remain regarding the genesis and the exact timing for SCM formation. We present mineralogical and chemical data on supergene copper-bearing minerals sampled from in situ and exotic SCM from two geologically and climatically distinct areas, namely the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and the Gaoua porphyry Cu-Au district in Burkina Faso. Although both areas have experienced different geological conditions, they both underwent similar geological and climatic controls to form and preserve SCM. Chrysocolla and pseudomalachite are the most common copper-bearing minerals found in SCM from the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. This led us to test the potential of both minerals as dating materials to place the SCM formation in a geochronological context. However, variation of U content from one mineral to another, common Pb contribution and the absence of matrix-matched-standard for both minerals made U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of chrysocolla and pseudomalachite challenging. A mixed approach combining texturally-controlled in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and multi-elements mapping together with SIMS oxygen isotope analyses were applied to Mina Sur, Damiana and El Cobre exotic copper deposits and the in situ SCM of the Gaoua porphyry Cu-Au district. Regardless their location, the results demonstrate the important role played by the local geological parameters on the control of the U-Pb chronometer in supergene copper minerals. Initial high U content of the porphyry source can promote U-rich supergene copper minerals as it is the case at Mina Sur. Additionally, a long-term supergene alteration will favor long term water circulation in the depositional environment which can leached U from the porphyry source and allow the formation of U-low supergene copper minerals during recent times. The promising results obtained represent a new tool to understand the physico-chemical, climatic and geological conditions that prevailed during the formation of supergene copper deposits and a proxy for their prospection around the world