Tesi sul tema "Twitter corpora"

This study examines lexical borrowing, code switching, and polylanguaging in Valencian Spanish to better understand how each is used differently in oral conversation in comparison with online communication on Twitter. This study compares data collected from three published corpora of oral interviews of speakers of Valencian Spanish with data collected from Twitter profiles of individuals residing in Valencia. In each of the sources Spanish is the preferred code into which Valencian material is inserted. A unique feature of data from the published corpora is the high frequency of code switching (CS) into Valencian in instances of reported speech. With regard to frequency, Twitter users switch from Spanish into Valencian, followed by from Valencian into Spanish and then from Spanish into English. On Twitter, the most frequent type of switch found is the tag switch, which includes exhortatives, greetings and farewells, happy birthday wishes, and a variety of other types of tags and other idiomatic expressions used in a highly emblematic fashion as a way of preforming identity. Both intrasentential and intersentential switches also appear online and reflect how discourse might be organized differently online than offline. In looking at lone vs. multiword insertions, the importance of turn taking is noted and instances where speakers are not in a naturalistic conversation evidence traits which influence patterns of CS and polylanguaguing. Additionally, lexical economy is suggested as a motivating factor for CS on Twitter given the platform’s technological limitation of 140 characters per tweet.

The sports industry has been made distinct from traditional business for many reasons including its body of stakeholders and its position in popular media. For these reasons, corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts and the communication of them in professional sports is known to be addressed differently. The following research has been conducted in order to learn how well professional sports teams are doing to communicate CSR to the particular stakeholders who are also their social media followers. Sports teams' Twitter accounts were analyzed and tweets concerning CSR were identified. Findings suggested that only 3.94% of professional sports teams' tweets were related to CSR. It was also found that intrinsically, market size and on-field team performance do not affect CSR tweeting. When viewed together, however, it has been found that smaller market losing teams tweet more CSR than larger market losing teams while smaller market winning teams tweet less CSR than larger market winning teams. This finding lends insights into the strategic purposes of CSR in the professional sports industry. When small market sports teams do not have a successful season, they seem to restore their reputation via the CSR function more so than larger market teams in a similar situation do. Additionally, winning teams of the larger market tweet more CSR than smaller market winners. The conclusion is that, although relatively little CSR tweeting is done in professional sports, smaller market professional sports teams' CSR tweeting is spurred by poor performance, whereas larger market sports teams' CSR tweeting is spurred by winning.

The digital era has completely changed the way we communicate. This study aims to explore the way through which some of the largest companies use Twitter to reach out to their stakeholders. Moreover, defining the purposes of a business or a company has always been controversial. Indeed, it is very common to believe that business is driven by the desire to make a profit. However, in recent times, there has been a significant change in our understanding of what should be the principal objective of a business and how it can affect society. In this research is argued that the concept of the so-called social responsibility is becoming more prevalent in business; there are companies, especially those from the multinational groups, that have shown a growing interest in carrying out some type of corporate social activities. In order to produce a clear research about the possible correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility and tech company’s performance, in this dissertation will be taken into considerations Multinational tech companies. These are the best candidates, due to their general business model characteristics and the sustainable competitive advantage. The research is conduct analyzing ten companies which are selected from the ranking of the “Fortune 500”. More precisely, these are the “10 Best Large Workplaces in Technology” (ranking 2021). The companies that will be here examined, have distinguished themselves in their conduct and social commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. To conduct this research analysis, Social Corporate Responsibility should be correlated to financial performance; this result would be reached through the analysis of the social media platform called Twitter. Indeed, it is a core tool in communication and marketing areas. Consequently, the best practice would be to analyze the Twitter activities of these companies, both the company account itself and especially how company executives communicate social responsibility issues on their accounts. We will try to understand if there is a positive correlation between some particular social responsibility issues and company stock price variation, which will represent the financial performance of the company itself and will be gathered through one of the most reliable financial market websites which is “www.YahooFinance.com”. Furthermore, in Chapter 1 it is explained Corporate Social Responsibility in modern times with a specific focus on how it is communicated by corporations. We will also delve into social media, that represents one of the most used tools to communicate corporates` initiatives. Within Chapter 2 it is introduced the role of social media nowadays with a specific focus on Twitter, one of the most famous social media which represents the starting point of this thesis research. The following step will be explained within Chapter 3 which is about companies’ profile (business model canvas and key financial results) in order to being able to make a comparison between them. The ultimate aim of this research is to understand if Corporate Social Responsibility has the possibility to modify stock prices.

Cette thèse étudie les glissements de sens induits par le contact de langues en anglais québécois, à savoir des mots anglais préexistants utilisés avec un sens différent en raison d’une influence potentielle du français. Nous proposons une approche novatrice à l’intersection du traitement automatique des langues et de la sociolinguistique variationniste, afin de fournir une description exhaustive de ce phénomène ainsi que d’évaluer les contributions des approches sur corpus mises en œuvre ici.Afin d’effectuer des analyses computationnelles de variation sémantique, nous avons constitué un corpus composé de 78,8 millions de tweets de Montréal, Toronto et Vancouver. Le corpus a été utilisé pour mettre en œuvre différents types de modèles vectoriels, à savoir des représentations computationnelles du sens des mots. Les modèles statiques ont permis d’identifier de nouveaux glissements de sens, alors que les modèles contextuels ont permis de caractériser plus finement leurs utilisations. Malgré des résultats prometteurs, ces méthodes sont limitées par le bruit lié à leurs caractéristiques intrinsèques et à la structure du corpus.Ces approches ont été complétées par des données plus fines recueillies au moyen d’entretiens sociolinguistiques avec 15 locuteurs vivant à Montréal. Les corrélations entre les variables linguistiques et différents facteurs sociodémographiques, ainsi que les remarques qualitatives sur leur utilisation, indiquent quatre patterns de variation synchronique ; ceux-ci pourraient à leur tour refléter des processus diachroniques. Par ailleurs, la variabilité inter-locuteurs suggère un rôle important des locuteurs bilingues et plus jeunes dans l'utilisation des glissements de sens. Enfin, les scores d'acceptabilité sont faiblement corrélés avec les mesures computationnelles, ce qui suggère que ceux-ci reflètent d’autres dimensions de variation sémantique.Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse a fourni la première description systématique des glissements de sens en anglais québécois. Elle a également mis en évidence la complémentarité des approches développées dans des disciplines différentes. Ces considérations ouvrent la voie à une utilisation plus avisée des méthodes computationnelles basées sur corpus dans des études de phénomènes sociolinguistiques
This dissertation investigates contact-induced semantic shifts in Quebec English, i.e., preexisting English words which are used with a different meaning due to the potential influence of French. I propose a novel approach at the intersection of natural language processing and variationist sociolinguistics, aiming to provide a more comprehensive descriptive account as well as assess the contributions of the implemented methods.In order to conduct computational analyses of semantic variation, I created a corpus containing 78.8 million tweets from Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver. It was used to implement different types of vector space models, i.e., computational representations of word meaning. Type-level models were used to identify new semantic shifts based on the semantic differences between Montreal and the other two cities. Token-level models were used in finer-grained analyses and allowed to further characterize their use. Despite promising results, systematic quantitative evaluation and extensive qualitative analyses suggest that these methods are hampered by noise related to their inherent characteristics as well as corpus structure.These large-scale approaches were complemented with finer-grained data collected through sociolinguistic interviews with 15 speakers living in Montreal. Varying correlations between lexical items and a range of sociodemographic factors, coupled with qualitative remarks on their use, point to four distinct patterns of synchronic variation; these in turn reflect potential diachronic processes. Interspeaker variability suggests that the use of semantic shifts is driven by speakers who tend to be younger and proficient in both English and French. The acceptability ratings are weakly correlated with computational variation measures, suggesting that they capture different dimensions of semantic variation.Overall, this dissertation has provided the first systematic description of contact-induced semantic shifts in Quebec English, and highlighted the complementarity of approaches used in different disciplines. These considerations have provided a pathway towards a better-informed use of corpus-based computational methods in studies of sociolinguistic phenomena

As social media becomes a more important part of people’s everyday lives, it is also becoming a more important part of the corporate market. Due to the complaints received on social media sites, some forms of customer care are being directly, or indirectly, carried out on social media. Part of this customer care is apologizing in response to complaints. The purpose of this case study is therefore to examine the apologies, apology strategies and expressions of regret employed when apologizing in response to customer complaints on Twitter by the two airlines Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA and Air France. The aim of the study is to compare the different forms, and frequencies, of the apologies, apology strategies and expressions of sympathy/regret the companies employ to apologize. This is done through examining tweets from both airlines and looking at the use of certain keywords, as well as through analysis of the tweets in context. The results are then related to image repair theory and politeness theory. The most significant findings show a clear preference for certain Illocutionary Indication Devices, and strategies within each airline. Moreover, there is a clear difference in how the two airlines use Twitter to communicate with their customers, with Air France employing a more cohesive style, than Norwegian.

Під поняттям «корпоративний твіттер» слід розуміти офіційну сторінку закладу, підприємства або компанії, яка ведеться від її імені. За її допомогою можна презентувати свої послуги та продукцію аудиторії цієї соціальної мережі. Головне завдання для власника – бути цікавим для цільової аудиторії.

Background: Social media is connecting billions of people from across the globe by fulfilling basic human needs of socializing and getting entertained. While companies are now actively turning to social media to know their customers better, build strong relationships, and spread marketing messages, many are still struggling to figure out what corporate social media content actually works on social media. Purpose: This research aims to understand what type of corporate social media content generates the most consumer response. Methodology: This study employs content analysis of recent social media posts by a selection of top brands in Sweden on two main social media platforms: Facebook and Twitter. A total of ten brands with origin from Sweden were selected, based on 2015 Swedish Brand Award ranking, and their posts were examined to find out influence of corporate social media content on consumer response. A total of 400 posts were examined on verified Twitter profiles and Facebook Pages of these brands. Findings: Type of content which refers to whether the post has image, video, or text-only content, and content orientation which can be task-oriented, self-oriented, or interaction-oriented have a statistically significant relationship with consumer response. In terms of type of content, posts with video and image content can lead to higher consumer response and in terms of content orientation task-oriented content can lead to higher consumer response. Other variables in the study, namely, communication cues, traceability cues, and time-frame have not emerged as significant in this study. Implications: When developing corporate social media content, it’s important to focus on type of content and content orientation. In terms of type of content, managers need to focus on having video and image content as this could lead to higher consumer response and in terms of content orientation, content related to brand / product / promotion (task-oriented) can lead to higher consumer response. Limitations: The study relies only on two main social media platforms and on the last 20 posts of each brand on each of these platforms and doesn’t take into account any seasonality as a full year period has not been studied. The study also relies on a general brand ranking list based in Sweden and not a ranking of brands on social media space. Further Research Suggestions: Future studies could focus on bringing more social media platforms into inquiry, improving sampling robustness by having a larger sample size and broader coverage of time period to account for any seasonality in data, comparing results between different countries, having a broader mix of brands in terms of type of business area or sector or stage of brand development, and blending together the corporate and consumer perspectives. Finally, to account for platform size differences, researchers need to come up with a measure that controls for this variation across platforms. Keywords: Social Media Content, Social Media Platforms, Facebook, Twitter, Communication

Branding in the age of social media is thriving as companies continue to pour resources into digital campaigns in the hope of engaging their customers. The onset of the COVID- 19 pandemic boosted the importance of digital communication channels as physical distancing and lockdown measures disrupted business-as-usual and limited in-person interactions between firms and their customers. By implication, the global crisis pressed companies to deliver brand messages via online content to sustain or build customer relationships. This research focuses first on the branded content of corporate communications during the pandemic, focusing specifically on whether firms used the opportunity to showcase shared personal values. Second, we examine whether using value words in social media messages impacts customer engagement with these messages. To address these related questions, we collected Twitter data from Fortune 500 firms posted between January 2020 until the end of August 2020, attending to 56,770 firm- initiated tweets (we excluded firm responses to customer messages). The first study examines the personal values expressed in the messages using the Personal Values Dictionary, based on Shalom Schwartz’s original ten-value typology. We argue that the unprompted expression of values in a text is a behavioural indicator of personal value priorities. The findings compare firms’ shifting value priorities over time and association with key events, namely the global pandemic declaration (March 11, 2020) and ensuing lockdowns and George Floyd’s murder (May 25, 2020), and BLM protests. We find that, indeed, companies did shift their value priorities. The second study assesses consumer response to the values companies put forth in their tweets, focusing on social media indicators of consumer engagement (CE), including the number of likes, retweets, replies, and CE correlation with the values promoted in the tweets. We observe a pre- post-crisis shift in CE with value-laden messages. Our findings provide managerial insights that can guide marketers to manage their social media content more efficiently and better align their marketing and branding efforts with customers' values in times of crisis.

This thesis introduces public relations scholars and practitioners to the benefits of using an invitational rhetoric approach to the corporate voice instead of relying on traditional rhetorical approaches that are grounded in persuasive, authoritative intent. Because of societal changes inspired by changing gender norms, the traditional masculine corporate voice may no longer be the most effective corporate communication style. Traditional approaches to corporate communication are being challenged by more inclusive approaches that emphasize meaning co-creation with the public over purely persuasive approaches. This thesis conducts a case study of the Bud Light brand's use of Twitter. The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the brand uses an invitational rhetoric approach, and, if so, explore how Bud Light uses this approach. The thesis also analyzes the implications of this approach for corporate public relations practice. I argue an invitational rhetoric approach to corporate public relations may encourage more equitable communication between organizations and publics rather than privilege one authoritative, persuasive corporate voice over other voices involved in the conversation.
Master of Arts
This thesis introduces public relations scholars and practitioners to the benefits of using a more inclusive approach to their corporate voice on social media through an approach called invitational rhetoric. Invitational rhetoric is defined by Foss and Griffin (1995) as an "invitation to understanding as a means to create a relationship rooted in equality, immanent value, and self-determination" (p. 5). Because of societal changes inspired by changing gender norms, the traditional masculine corporate voice that is grounded in persuasive, authoritative intent may no longer be the most effective corporate communication style. Traditional approaches to corporate communication are being challenged by more inclusive approaches that emphasize interaction and understanding with the public over purely persuasive approaches. This thesis conducts a case study of the Bud Light brand's use of Twitter. The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the brand makes use of an invitational rhetoric approach, and, if so, explore how Bud Light uses invitational rhetoric. The thesis also analyzes the implications of an invitational rhetoric approach for corporate public relations practice. I argue an invitational rhetoric approach to corporate public relations may encourage more equitable communication between organizations and publics rather than privilege one authoritative, persuasive corporate voice over other voices involved in the conversation.

While journalists were once viewed as gatekeepers, dispensing news and information via one-way communication channels, their role as information provider has evolved. Nowhere is this more apparent than on the social networking site Twitter, where information seekers have unprecedented access to information providers. The two-way communication that these information seekers have come to expect can be challenging for organizations such as ESPN who have multiple Twitter accounts and millions of followers. By designating one team of people as responsible for the organization's largest Twitter account, SportsCenter, ESPN has sought to establish manageable methods of interacting with this account's followers, while furthering the goals of the organization and providing sports news around the clock. This study provides a better understanding of the group responsible for ESPN's SportsCenter Twitter account: the motivation and strategies behind the group's Twitter use as well as the dynamics of this network, such as information flow and collaboration. Relying on the Information Seeking and Communication Model, this study also provides a better understanding of information exchanges with those outside the network, specifically a selection of the account's Twitter followers. Additionally, the role of journalist as information provider and certain themes that emerged from the content of the tweets are discussed. The research employed social network analysis and exploratory, descriptive case study methods. The results of this study contribute to social network and information theory as well as to journalistic and information science practice.

Corporations attempting to enter the realm of memetic media often find themselves lost and embarrassed; the chaotic nature of meme culture as a global way of expression on the internet has proven difficult, and communities like Reddits r/FellowKids enact vernacular criticism on corporations who attempt to use memes in order to reach their target audience. This study aims to reach higher knowledge of successful corporate engagement in memetic media through a text analysis of discussions between users on Reddit and the interplay on Twitter where users engage in vernacular ways with the Wendy’s Twitter account. Drawing on branding theory and Goffman’s dramaturgical model, the study draws conclusions on how users of a vernacular community engages the Wendy’s Twitter account in different ways. It shows how an authentic identity is ascribed to the corporation through vernacular means, and how the prevalence of vernacular play forces the corporation to surrender message control in order to gain authenticity. It further suggests that an authentic corporate identity in vernacular communities requires the corporation not to act like one; preferring fast, playful communication rather than slow, institutional responses. Implying that the correct plan of action is not to have one, the study further understands the paradox of crafting a marketing strategy not based on controlled communication, and suggests further research into vernacular communities and citizen creative control in memetic media.

Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.
B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

The debate on climate change has creasingly attracted attention.Although Twitter provides valuable insights into the climate change discussion and how it is reflected in companies’ communication behavior, previous research has only examined public opinion. This is the first study that analyzes corporate climate change tweets under the influence of climate activist Greta Thunberg. We register and code the volume and sentiment of tweets from German DAX30 companies and Greta Thunberg between 2016 and 2020. The findings reveala significant relation between corporate climate change tweets and Greta’s tweets. Furthermore, we identify an overall positive sentiment for corporate tweets.

The present thesis puts into evidence the role of social movements on social media and how corporations’ legitimacy is impacted by stakeholders’ reactions on online platforms. We analysed how CSR initiatives on social media can generate ethical backlash and explored which online and offline contextual factors influence stakeholders’ perception. This study aimed to enhance the literature by exploring new variables on social media, which are potentially affecting corporations’ legitimacy. To accomplish this proposition, we performed a thorough qualitative inductive analysis of four CSR campaigns that were scrutinized by stakeholders on Twitter. I collected 600 Tweets and researched the cultural, social and political background of the campaigns in American newspapers. Grounded Theory was used to understand the empirical data and categorize it into emotions, while with Sentiment Analysis we assessed the impact of stakeholders’ reactions on legitimacy. The main findings reveal how the use of high arousal emotions on individual tweets and the number of followers is able to create a snowball effect with respect to other stakeholder reactions. The results show that corporations are more susceptible to ethical backlash whenever there has been a previous scandal related to social and political movements. Additionally, this thesis establishes new developments on how corporations should address ethical backlash on social media.
A presente tese coloca em evidência o papel de movimentos socais nas redes sociais e explica de que forma a legitimidade das empresas é afectada pelas reacções das partes interessadas nas plataformas virtuais. Analisámos como as iniciativas de responsabilidade social das empresas nas redes sociais podem produzir reacções negativas e quais os factores contextuais que influenciam a reacção das partes interessadas. Este estudo pretende enriquecer a literatura explorando novas variáveis nas redes sociais que potencialmente afectem a legitimidade das empresas. Realizámos uma análise qualitativa indutiva de quatro campanhas de responsabilidade social corporativa fortemente criticadas pelas partes interessadas no Twitter. Para este fim, recolhemos 600 Tweets e pesquisámos informação acerca do contexto cultural e socio-politico em jornais e revistas americanas. Aplicámos a Grounded Theory para entender os dados empíricos e categorizá-los em emoções, enquanto que a Sentiment Analysis permitiu que compreendêssemos qual o impacto das reacções na legitimidade das empresas. Os resultados revelam que o uso de fortes emoções em Tweets individuais e o número de seguidores é capaz de criar um efeito bola de neve em relação a posteriores reacções de outros utilizadores das redes sociais. Além disso, os resultados demonstram que as empresas são mais susceptíveis a reacções negativas caso se saiba da existência de um escândalo no passado. Por fim, esta tese estabelece novos desenvolvimentos em relação a como as empresas devem abordar reacções negativas nas redes sociais.

The emergence of social media has revolutionized the world where this innovation has erased boundaries, created a new reality and brought color to people’s lives. Online platforms have an effect similar to an epidemic, since almost everyone who uses the Internet is present on social networks. Initially, this worldwide phenomenon started by providing freedom of expression to its users, allowing them to be architects and creators of content, promoting themselves on a large scale, having greater visibility and more exposure. Everybody is interconnected through this virtual world. So, social networks have become a privilege not only for the CEOs, who can use them to make announcements about companies and new events, to promote actions of solidarity and Corporate Social Responsibility, but it also gave organizations the opportunity to be closer to their customers and receiving their feedback more easily, publicizing their products and services more efficiently. The constant use of social media has led to an increase of free information, which has driven investors to analyze the sentiment and opinions expressed in these platforms, and determine whether there is any relationship between the emotion intrinsic to the message broadcasted and the stock price changes. This dissertation aims to demonstrate that CEOs’ online messages on social media can influence not only their reputation, integrity and credibility, but also affect stock prices. Elon Musk's tweets are used as a reference to verify whether online posts on Twitter have an impact on investors’ opinions and trigger movements on the stock market or not.
O aparecimento das redes sociais transformou o mundo onde vivemos, trouxe novos mundos ao mundo, criando uma realidade paralela àquela em que vivemos. As redes sociais tiveram um efeito semelhante ao de uma epidemia, porque grande parte das pessoas que usam a internet têm redes sociais. Inicialmente, este fenómeno mundial começou por promover liberdade de expressão aos seus utilizadores e permitiu-lhes serem os arquitetos, criadores de conteúdo, divulgando-o a uma larga escala, tendo maior visibilidade e exposição. Como se pode constatar, neste mundo virtual, estamos todos interligados, pelo que estas plataformas sociais tornaram-se um privilégio, não só para os CEOs, onde estes podem comunicar novidades relativamente às empresas e a novos eventos, demonstrar responsabilidade social e promover ações de solidariedade, como também para as empresas, já que lhes permite estar mais perto dos seus clientes, receber feedback quase imediato e promover os seus produtos e serviços. O uso constante das redes sociais conduziu ao aumento de informação disponível, levando os investidores a analisarem os sentimentos e opiniões expressos e a constatar se há alguma relação entre a emoção intrínseca à mensagem nas plataformas sociais e as alterações nos preços das ações. Esta tese pretende mostrar que as publicações nas redes sociais, feitas pelos CEOs, podem influenciar não só a sua reputação e credibilidade, como também os preços das ações. Nesta tese, usam-se como referência os tweets de Elon Musk para verificar se as mensagens online partilhadas na rede social Twitter podem ter um impacto no mercado de ações ou não.