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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Tuberculose – Cameroun"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 7 luglio 2024

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1

Simo, L., E. W. Pefura, E. Afane Ze e C. Kuaban. "Particularités de la tuberculose chez le sujet âgé, Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 31 (gennaio 2014): A95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2013.10.334.

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2

Balkissou, A. D., E. Pefura-Yone, A. Kuate-Kuate, N. Kanko, E. Nga-Nkomo, H. Fatimé-Abaicho, P. Enono-Edende e E. Afane-Ze. "Devenir des patients traités pour tuberculose dans la ville de Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 33 (gennaio 2016): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.665.

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Balkissou, A. D., E. W. Pefura-Yone, V. Poka-Mayap e C. Kuaban. "Facteurs prédictifs de devenir défavorable au cours de la tuberculose au Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 12, n. 1 (gennaio 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmra.2019.11.380.

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4

Djouda Feudjio, Yves Bertrand. "Réseaux relationnels et processus de soutien aux malades de la tuberculose au Cameroun". Redes. Revista hispana para el análisis de redes sociales 18, n. 1 (22 gennaio 2010): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/redes.391.

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5

Pefura Yone, E. W., A. Evouna Mbarga e C. Kuaban. "Impact de l’infection à VIH sur la tuberculose de l’enfant à Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 29, n. 9 (novembre 2012): 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2012.05.017.

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6

Balkissou, A., E. Pefura-Yone, A. Kuate-Kuate, A. Ntyo’o-Nkoumou, V. Poka-Mayap, H. Fatime-Abaicho, P. Enono-Edende e C. Kuaban. "Profil épidémiologique et clinique des patients adultes atteints de tuberculose à Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 33 (gennaio 2016): A142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.265.

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Pefura Yone, E., H. Fatime Abaicho e P. Enono Edende. "Épidémiologie et issue de traitement de la tuberculose de l’enfant à Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 33 (gennaio 2016): A161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.320.

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8

Simo Epse Nenwouo, L., E. Pefura Yone, H. Fatime Abaicho e P. Enono Edende. "Épidémiologie et issue de traitement de la tuberculose de l’enfant à Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 33 (gennaio 2016): A162—A163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.323.

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9

Tchieche Epse Kamgue, C., e N. Juergen. "Douze ans de prise en charge programmatique de la tuberculose multirésistante au Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 34 (gennaio 2017): A222—A223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2016.10.532.

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10

Awa, Daniel Nzingu, Aboubakar Njoya, A. C. Ngo e F. N. Ekue. "L'état sanitaire des porcs au Nord Cameroun". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 52, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1999): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9692.

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Une étude a été menée pour identifier, entre autres contraintes, les conditions pathologiques qui affectent la productivité des porcs et leur potentiel en tant que filière de l’élevage dans la zone semi-aride du Nord Cameroun. Les données ont été collectées en trois étapes : une enquête transversale, un suivi des troupeaux sélectionnés au cours d’une année et une inspection de la viande porcine pendant une année. Les résultats ont montré que les infestations dues à Haematopinus suis étaient la condition pathologique la plus fréquente avec une prévalence supérieure à 50 p. 100 dans les troupeaux au cours de la phase de suivi et de 75,8 p. 100 dans un échantillon de 750 porcs abattus. Les gastro-entérites étaient de faible prévalence (4 p. 100), mais fortement associées à la mortalité des porcelets. Les lésions pathologiques importantes pour la santé publique enregistrées à l’inspection de la viande porcine étaient celles de la tuberculose et de la cysticercose avec des prévalences respectivement de 33,2 et 12,3 p. 100. Les résultats de la sérologie indirecte par Elisa effectuée sur 150 échantillons étaient négatifs à 98 p. 100 pour le virus de la peste porcine africaine (PPA), ce qui laisse à penser que la région était indemne de PPA. Cette région pourrait par conséquent être considérée comme une zone favorable au développement de l’industrie porcine dans le pays. L’inspection de la viande de porc et les mesures d’hygiène devraient être mis en œuvre pour assurer la protection de la population humaine contre les viandes infectées.

11

Yone, É. W. P., C. Kuaban e A. P. Kengne. "Impact de l’infection à VIH sur l’évolution de la tuberculose de l’adulte à Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue de Pneumologie Clinique 68, n. 6 (dicembre 2012): 338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2012.10.001.

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12

Pefura-Yone, E. W., A. D. Balkissou, L. Mangoh, J. Touyem-Lonla e A. P. Kengne. "Validation externe du score pronostic de la tuberculose CABI dans la région de l’Ouest-Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 35 (gennaio 2018): A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2017.10.077.

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Poka-Mayap, V., D. Balkissou Adamou, E. W. Pefura-Yone e C. Kuaban. "Déterminants de l’ototoxicité induite par les aminosides au cours du traitement de la tuberculose multirésistante au Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 34 (gennaio 2017): A218—A219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2016.10.521.

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Poka-Mayap, V., R. C. Dombu-Guiafaing, A. D. Balkissou e E. W. Pefura-Yone. "Tuberculose et infection à VIH dans un centre de référence au Cameroun : à propos de 19 000 cas". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 16, n. 1 (gennaio 2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmra.2023.11.014.

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Simo, L., E. W. Pefura e C. Kuaban. "Dépistage de l’infection à VIH, statut VIH et devenir des patients traités pour tuberculose à l’hôpital Jamot, Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 30 (gennaio 2013): A170—A171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2012.10.570.

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16

Ntyo’o-Nkoumou, A., V. Poka-Mayap, A. Balkissou, A. Kuate Kuate, M. Ngah Komo, N. Kanko Nguekam e E. Pefura-Yone. "Incidence et facteurs de risque de décès chez les malades hospitalisés pour tuberculose à l’hôpital Jamot de Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 33 (gennaio 2016): A160—A161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.318.

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Mayap, V. Poka, A. Ntyo’o Nkoumou, B. Adamou Dodo, E. Ngah Komo, A. Kuaté Kuaté e E. Pefura-Yone. "Apport de l’amplification génique par Xpert MTB/RIF sur la biopsie pleurale dans diagnostic de la tuberculose pleurale à Yaoundé, Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 33 (gennaio 2016): A240—A241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.532.

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18

Massongo, M., C. Ekono Bitchong, B. V. Mouaha Tchuilen e E. Afane Ze. "Impact du stage de pneumologie sur les connaissances et attitudes en matière de tuberculose, chez des étudiants en fin de second cycle d’études médicales au Cameroun". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 35 (gennaio 2018): A177—A178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2017.10.405.

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19

Mbatchou Ngahane, Bertrand Hugo, Junior Nouyep, Malea Nganda Motto, Yacouba Mapoure Njankouo, Adeline Wandji, Mireille Endale e Emmanuel Afane Ze. "Post-tuberculous lung function impairment in a tuberculosis reference clinic in Cameroon". Respiratory Medicine 114 (maggio 2016): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2016.03.007.

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20

David, Pierre-Marie. "Vidal Laurent et Christopher Kuaban (dir.), 2011, Sida et tuberculose : la double peine ? Institutions, professionnels et sociétés face à la coinfection au Cameroun et au Sénégal. Louvain-La-Neuve, Academia-Bruylant, coll. Espace Afrique, n 9, 378 p., bibliogr., illustr." Anthropologie et Sociétés 37, n. 3 (2013): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024094ar.

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21

Koro Koro, Francioli, Alphonse Um Boock, Afi Leslie Kaiyven, Juergen Noeske, Cristina Gutierrez, Christopher Kuaban, François-Xavier Etoa e Sara Irène Eyangoh. "Genetic Structure and Drug Susceptibility Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex Strains Responsible of Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Major Rearing Region in Cameroon". BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2904832.

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Background. Cameroon this last decade continues to present a low contribution ofM. africanumandM. bovisin human tuberculosis (TB), whileM. boviswas prevalent in cattle but all these pieces of information only concerned West and Center regions.Methods. We carried out the first study in Adamaoua, one of the most rearing regions of Cameroon, on the genetic structure and drug susceptibility of the MTBC strains isolated from newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive patients aged 15 years and above. For that purpose, spoligotyping, a modified 15 standard MIRU/VNTR loci typing, and the proportion method were used.Results. Four hundred and thirty-seven MTBC isolates were analyzed by spoligotyping. Of these, 423 were identified asM. tuberculosis, within the Cameroon family being dominant with 278 (65.7%) isolates; twelve (2.75%) isolates were classified asM. africanumand two asM. bovis. MIRU/VNTR typing of the most prevalent sublineage (SIT 61) suggested that this lineage is not a unique clone as thought earlier but could constitute a group of strains implicated to different pocket of TB transmission. OnlyM. tuberculosissublineages were associated with antituberculosis drug resistance.Conclusion. These results showed the weak contribution ofM. africanumandM. bovisto human active pulmonary tuberculosis in Cameroon even in the rearing region.

22

Ameke, Selassie, Prince Asare, Samuel Yaw Aboagye, Isaac Darko Otchere, Stephen Osei-Wusu, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu e Adwoa Asante-Poku. "Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the Volta Region of Ghana". PLOS ONE 16, n. 3 (17 marzo 2021): e0238898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238898.

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Context Available molecular epidemiological data from recent studies suggest significant genetic variation between the different lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and the MTBC lineages might have adapted to different human populations. Aim This study sought to determine the population structure of clinical MTBC isolates from the Volta Region of Ghana. Methods The MTBC isolates obtained from collected sputum samples were identified by PCR detecting of IS6110 and genotyped using spoligotyping. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial isolates were characterized by amplification of the heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) gene and sequencing. The drug susceptibility profiles of the MTBCs determined using GenoType MTBDRplus. Results One hundred and seventeen (117, 93.6%) out of 125 mycobacterial positive isolates were characterized as members of the MTBC of which M. tuberculosis sensu stricto (MTBss) and M. africanum (MAF) were respectively 94 (80.3%) and 23 (19.7%). In all, 39 distinct spoligotype patterns were obtained; 26 for MTBss and 13 for MAF lineages. Spoligotyping identified 89 (76%) Lineage 4, 16 (13.6%) Lineage 5, 7 (6.0%) Lineage 6, 3 (2.6%) Lineage 2, 1(0.9%) Lineage 3 and 1 (0.9%) Lineage 1. Among the Lineage 4 isolates, 62/89 (69.7%) belonged to Cameroon sub-lineage, 13 (14.7%) Ghana, 8 (9.0%) Haarlem, 2 (2.2%) LAM, 1 (1.1%) Uganda I, 1 (1.1%) X and the remaining two (2.2%) were orphan. Significant localization of MAF was found within the Ho municipality (n = 13, 29.5%) compared to the more cosmopolitan Ketu-South/Aflao (n = 3, 8.3%) (p-value = 0.017). Eight (8) non-tuberculous mycobacteria were characterized as M. abscessus (7) and M. fortuitum (1). Conclusion We confirmed the importance of M. africanum lineages as a cause of TB in the Volta region of Ghana.

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Awah Ndukum, J., A. Caleb Kudi, G. Bradley, I. N. Ane-Anyangwe, S. Fon-Tebug e J. Tchoumboue. "Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in Abattoirs of the Littoral and Western Highland Regions of Cameroon: A Cause for Public Health Concern". Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/495015.

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Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is widespread but poorly controlled in Africa andM. bovisis posing threats to human health. The risk of cattle handlers toM. bovisprevalence and public health significance of BTB in Cameroon were assessed. Slaughter inspection records from major cities revealed that BTB detection rates in cattle from 0.18% to 4.25% and BTB lesions were most common. Analyses of tissues and sera confirmed BTB in 31% (Ziehl-Neelsen), 51% (culture), and 60% (antibody detection) of test cattle. Among cattle handlers, 81.9% were aware of BTB, 67.9% knew that BTB is zoonotic, and 53.8% knew one mode of transmission but over 27% consumed raw meat and/or drank unpasteurized milk. Respondents who had encountered tuberculosis cases were more informed about zoonotic BTB(P<.05). Tuberculosis is prevalent in cattle destined for human consumption in Cameroon with serious public health implications. Targeted monitoring of infected animal populations and concerted veterinary/medical efforts are essential for control.

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Ekono, Claire Françoise Bitchong, Thérèse Azoumbou Mefant, Vanessa Essoh Kambo TongueMoujongue, Vanessa Linda Ngatcha Yoppa e Emmanuel Afane Ze. "Peculiarities of Pleurisy in HIV-infected subjects at Jamot Hospital in Yaounde: Epidemiological, Clinical and Evolutionary Aspects". Journal of Medical Research 8, n. 2 (15 maggio 2022): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2022.8210.

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Introduction: The aim of this work was to highlight the particularities of pleurisy in HIV-infected subjects. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional and comparative study was carried out from December 1, 2018to May 31, 2019 at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé – Cameroon. Patients aged 18 and over with pleurisy were split into two groups, HIV + and HIV –. Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary data were collected. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The size of our study population was 110 patients, to say 41 (37.3%) HIV positive and 69 (62.7%) HIV negative. The mean age was 39.66 ±1.14 years in the HIV + group and 46.8 ±2.20 years in the HIV - group. A history of tuberculosis was more common in HIV+; 24.4% against 8.7%; P=0.01. The general signs were more marked in the HIV+ group: weight loss (90.2% versus 44.9%; P <0.05) and excessive nocturnal sweating (61% versus 29%; P <0.05). Pneumothorax associated with pleurisy was more frequent in HIV+, non-significant difference (12.2 versus 8.7%; P= 0.55). Tuberculous etiology was more common in HIV+; P=0. The death rate was 17% in the HIV+ group versus 5.8%; P= 0.01. Conclusion: During HIV, pleurisy occurs at a younger age; the general signs are more marked than the respiratory signs. Tuberculosis causes and mortality are higher.

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BOWONG, SAMUEL, e JURGEN KURTHS. "MODELING AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF TUBERCULOSIS WITH APPLICATION TO CAMEROON". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, n. 07 (luglio 2011): 1999–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127411029598.

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This paper deals with the problem of modeling and parameter estimation of a deterministic model of tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus). We first propose and analyze a tuberculosis model without seasonality that incorporates the essential biological and epidemiological features of the disease. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium coexists with one or more stable endemic equilibria when the associated basic reproduction number is less than unity. The statistical data of new TB cases show seasonal fluctuations in many countries. Then, we extend the proposed TB model by incorporating seasonality. We propose a numerical study to estimate unknown parameters according to demographic and epidemiological data in Cameroon. Simulation results are in good accordance with the seasonal variation of the reported new cases of active TB in Cameroon.

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Kouanfack, Ornella Sybile D., Charles Kouanfack, Serges Clotaire Billong, Samuel N. Cumber, Claude N. Nkfusai, Fala Bede, Emerson Wepngong, Chombong Hubert, Georges N. K. Tsague Georges e Madeleine N. Singwe. "Epidemiology of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Infected Patients on Treatment in Accredited HIV Treatment Centers in Cameroon". International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 8, n. 2 (18 dicembre 2019): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.302.

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Background: The African continent accounts for over 70% of people infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The HIV sero-prevalence rate in Africa is estimated at 4.3%. In developed countries, such as France, pneumocystis is indicative of AIDS in 30% of patients; however, in Africa, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the most-documented opportunistic infection (OI) and the leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients. In 2016, Cameroon had 32,000 new cases of OI and 29,000 deaths as a result of these infections. However, there is little existing data on the epidemiological profile of OIs in Cameroon, which is why we conducted this study in accredited HIV treatment centers and care/ treatment units in the two cities of Douala and Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study carried out in 12 accredited HIV treatment centers in the cities of Yaound

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Harouna Hamidou, Zelika, Madjid Morsli, Saidou Mamadou, Michel Drancourt e Jamal Saad. "Emergence of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Niger: A snapshot based on whole-genome sequencing". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, n. 5 (25 maggio 2022): e0010443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010443.

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Background Among other West African countries experiencing the high endemicity of deadly tuberculosis, the situation in Niger is poorly evidenced by microbiological investigations. Methodology/Principal findings The study of 42 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Niger by whole genome sequencing using Illumina iSeq technology yielded four M. tuberculosis lineages: Indo-Oceanic L1 (n = 1) (2.3%), East-Asian (n = 1) (2.3%), East-African Indian L3 (n = 2) (4.7%) and Euro-American L4 (n = 38) (90.4%). The sub-lineage L4.1.3 comprising 18 isolates (47.3%) was predominant, followed by the L4.6.2.2 sub-lineage (Cameroon genotype, n = 13 isolates) (34.2%). Investigating drug resistance profile for 12 antibiotics found 8/42 (19%) pan-susceptible isolates and 34/42 (81%) resistant isolates; with 40/42 (95.2%) isolates being susceptible to clofazimine-bedaquiline. Conclusions/Significance These unprecedented data from Niger highlight the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission and drug resistance in Niger and may assist tuberculosis control in this country which continues to support a high burden of tuberculosis.

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Titahong, Collins N., Gideon N. Ayongwa, Yvonne Waindim, Dubliss Nguafack, Albert Kuate Kuate, Irene Adeline Goupeyou Wandji, Alison Wringe, Vincent Mbassa, Melissa S. Sander e Ellen M. H. Mitchell. "Patient-Pathway Analysis of Tuberculosis Services in Cameroon". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, n. 4 (22 settembre 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6040171.

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In Cameroon, in 2019, tuberculosis (TB) treatment coverage was estimated at 53%, indicating that almost half of all people sick with TB were not diagnosed or linked to care. To inform strategies to improve access to TB services, we conducted an evaluation of the alignment between patient-initiated care-seeking behavior and spatial and institutional allocation of TB services. Data sources included the Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (2018), the Health Facility List (2017), and routinely collected TB surveillance data. Data visualization was performed in Tableau and QGIS. The pathway analysis showed that only an estimated 9% of people attended a health facility providing TB services at initial care-seeking, with access varying from <3% to 16% across the ten regions of the country. While 72% of government and 56% of private hospitals (Level 2 facilities) provide TB services, most Cameroonians (87%) initially chose primary care (Level 1) or informal private sector sites (Level 0) without TB services. The gaps were greatest in regions with the highest prevalence of poverty, a significant determinant for TB. These results indicate that access may be improved by expanding TB services at both public and private facilities across the country, prioritizing regions with the greatest gaps.

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Moualeu-Ngangue, Dany Pascal, Susanna Röblitz, Rainald Ehrig e Peter Deuflhard. "Parameter Identification in a Tuberculosis Model for Cameroon". PLOS ONE 10, n. 4 (13 aprile 2015): e0120607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120607.

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Pefura Yone, E. W., C. Kuaban e L. Simo. "La pleurésie tuberculeuse à Yaoundé, Cameroun : influence de l’infection à VIH". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 28, n. 9 (novembre 2011): 1138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2011.05.008.

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Mouliom Mouiche, Mohamed Moctar, Eugenie Elvire Nguemou Wafo, Serge Eugene Mpouam, Frédéric Moffo, Jean Marc Kameni Feussom, Arouna Njayou Ngapagna, Youssouf Mouliom Mfopit, Claude Saegerman e Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini. "Zoo-Sanitary Situation Assessment, an Initial Step in Country Disease Prioritization Process: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from 2000 to 2020 in Cameroon". Pathogens 12, n. 9 (24 agosto 2023): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091076.

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To prevent and/or control infectious diseases in animal and human health, an appropriate surveillance system based on suitable up-to-date epidemiological data is required. The systematic review protocol was designed according to the PRISMA statement to look at the available data on infectious diseases of livestock in Cameroon from 2000–2020. Data were searched through online databases. Grey literature was comprised of dissertations and theses from veterinary higher education institutions in Cameroon. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. Based on disease prevalence, major infectious diseases of livestock in Cameroon were gastrointestinal parasitosis (57.4% in cattle, 67.2% in poultry, 88% in pigs), hemoparasites (21.6% in small ruminants, 19.7% in cattle), bovine pasteurellosis (55.5%), fowl salmonellosis (48.2%), small ruminant plague (39.7%), foot-and-mouth disease (34.5% in cattle), and African swine fever (18.9%). Furthermore, other important endemic zoonoses in the country included: Rift Valley fever (10.9% in cattle, 3.7% in small ruminants), brucellosis (7% in cattle, 8% in pigs), bovine tuberculosis (4.7% in cattle), hepatitis E virus (8.4% in pigs) and bovine leptospirosis (2.5%). Most of the retrieved research were carried out in the Adamawa, Northwest, and West regions of Cameroon. The evaluation of existing data as evidence, albeit publication-specific, is an important step towards the process of prioritizing animal diseases, including zoonoses.

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Youmbissi, T. J. "Atypical Presentation of Tuberculosis in Dialysed Patients in Cameroon". Tropical Doctor 18, n. 2 (aprile 1988): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558801800219.

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Marcy, Olivier, Sophie Goyet, Laurence Borand, Philippe Msellati, Vibol Ung, Mathurin Tejiokem, Giang Do Chau et al. "Tuberculosis Diagnosis in HIV-Infected Children: Comparison of the 2012 and 2015 Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis Disease". Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 11, n. 3 (13 dicembre 2021): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piab113.

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Abstract Background There is no gold standard for tuberculosis diagnosis in children. Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children were proposed by international experts in 2012 and updated in 2015. We aimed to compare the 2012 and 2015 Clinical Case Definitions in HIV-infected children with suspected tuberculosis. Methods We enrolled HIV-infected children with suspected tuberculosis in Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, and Vietnam (ANRS [Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales] 12229 PAANTHER [Pediatric Asian African Network for Tuberculosis and HIV Research] 01 Study). We classified children using the 2012 and 2015 Case Definitions considering as tuberculosis cases those with confirmed tuberculosis and those with probable and unconfirmed tuberculosis in the 2012 and the 2015 classifications, respectively. We assessed agreement between both classifications. Results Of 438 children enrolled, 197 (45.0%) children were classified as tuberculosis (45 confirmed, 152 probable) using the 2012 Case Definition and 251 (57.3%) were classified as tuberculosis (55 confirmed, 196 unconfirmed) using the 2015 classification. Inter-classification agreement for tuberculosis diagnosis was 364/438, 83.1%, with a kappa statistic of 0.667 (95% confidence interval 0.598-0.736). Of 152 children with probable tuberculosis (2012), 142 (93.4%) were considered as tuberculosis by the 2015 version and 10 (6.6%) as unlikely tuberculosis including 9 with spontaneous clinical improvement. Of 132 possible tuberculosis (2012), 58 (43.9%) were reclassified as tuberculosis (2015). Conclusions Agreement between the 2 versions of the Case Definition was substantial but more children were considered as tuberculosis using the 2015 version. Spontaneous symptom resolution reinforces both confidence in the “unlikely” category as being children without tuberculosis and the importance of the clinician’s treatment decision in the study.

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Niobe-Eyangoh, S. N., C. Kuaban, P. Sorlin, P. Cunin, J. Thonnon, C. Sola, N. Rastogi, V. Vincent e M. C. Gutierrez. "Genetic Biodiversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Cameroon". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, n. 6 (1 giugno 2003): 2547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.41.6.2547-2553.2003.

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Sahal, Muhammed Rabiu, Gaetan Senelle, Kevin La, Tukur Wada Panda, Dalha Wada Taura, Christophe Guyeux, Emmanuelle Cambau e Christophe Sola. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex drug-resistance, phylogenetics, and evolution in Nigeria: Comparison with Ghana and Cameroon". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, n. 10 (12 ottobre 2023): e0011619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011619.

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In this article, we provide an in-depth analysis on the drug-resistance phenotypic characteristics of a cohort of 325 tuberculosis and characterize by Whole Genome Sequencing 24 isolates from Nigeria belonging to L4, L5 and L6. Our results suggest an alarming rate of drug-resistance of the L4.6.2.2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineage and a high diversity of L5. We compiled these new Sequence Read Archives (SRAs) to previously published ones from available Bioprojects run in Nigeria. We performed RAxML phylogenetic reconstructions of larger samples that include public NCBI SRAs from some neighboring countries (Cameroon, Ghana). To confront phylogenetic reconstruction to metadata, we used a new proprietary database named TB-Annotator. We show that L5 genomes in Northern Nigeria belong to new clades as the ones described until now and allow an update of the taxonomy of L5. In addition, we describe the L4.6.2.2 lineage in Nigeria, Cameroon and Ghana. We provide computations on the likely divergence time of L4.6.2.2 and suggest a new hypothesis concerning its origin. Finally we provide a short overview on M. bovis diversity in Nigeria. This study constitutes a baseline knowledge on the global genomic diversity, phylogeography and phylodynamics of MTBC in Nigeria, as well as on the natural history of this largely ignored but densely populated country of Africa. These results highlight the need of sequencing additional MTBC genomes in Nigeria and more generally in West-Africa, both for public health and for academic reasons. The likelihood of replacement of L5-L6 by L4.6.2.2 isolates, leave potentially little time to gather historical knowledge informative on the ancient history of tuberculosis in West-Africa.

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Kontsevaya, I. S., O. N. Makurina e V. V. Nikolayevskyy. "GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH VIRULENCE IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS FROM SAMARA REGION". Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 20, n. 3 (31 maggio 2017): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2014-20-3-178-186.

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The prevalence of polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes associated with virulence as well as its associations with genetic groups, clusters of strains and drug susceptibility was investigated in the article. The associations between polymorphisms in plcA gene and some LAM family clusters, dosT and pks15/1 genes and Beijing family and lipR gene and the majority of Ghana, Cameroon, Uganda and S clusters were found. Detected interrelation between studiedpolymorphisms and drug susceptibility is of mediated character.

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G.T. Tchoupe Alix Kevine, Assam Assam JP, Lionel Ulrich Tiani, Génévieve Andoseh, Ngono Ngane R.A e Penlap Beng V. "Genetic pattern of the ST 61 cluster of the Cameroon family among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains collected during the CANTAM I project in Cameroon". International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive 4, n. 1 (30 marzo 2023): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0047.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most outstanding diseases in global health concern. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) strains. ST 61, a cluster of the LAM10_CAM family has been shown to be the most prevalent cluster implicated in TB transmission in Cameroon. The present study is aimed at revealing the most discriminative loci applied to this cluster and investigating the genetic pattern in the ST 61 cluster clinical samples. This was a 12 month cross- sectional study that included 45 randomly selected clinical specimens previously collected during the CANTAM 1 project. Following DNA extraction, amplification of 12-locus Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis (MIRU 40, ETR A, QUB 26, Mtub 39, QUB 4156, MIRU26, MIRU 31, MIRU 16, MIRU 02, MIRU 04, MIRU 23, and MIRU 27) PCR assay and gel electrophoresis were performed. The amplicon sizes, the allele assignations, the allelic pattern and the technic discriminative potential were determined using MIRU-VNTR plus web application and a dendogram was generated. 45% genetic pattern, and 66,6% clustering rate were reported. Overall, ETR A, MIRU 4, MIRU 16, MIRU 23, MIRU 27 revealed as the most discriminating loci applied to the cluster ST 61. The identification of the most discriminative locus ETRA, MIRU 4, MIRU 16, MIRU 23, and MIRU 27 applied to a precise cluster is a safe economic and time gain option to enhance the difference between strains at the cluster level.

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Youngui, Boris Tchakounte, Daniel Atwine, David Otai, Anca Vasiliu, Bob Ssekyanzi, Colette Sih, Rogacien Kana et al. "Integration of HIV Testing in a Community Intervention for Tuberculosis Screening Among Household Contacts of Patients with Tuberculosis in Cameroon and Uganda". JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 95, n. 5 (11 marzo 2024): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000003379.

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Introduction: People living with HIV are considered at higher risk of developing severe forms of tuberculosis (TB) disease. Providing HIV testing to TB-exposed people is therefore critical. We present the results of integrating HIV testing into a community-based intervention for household TB contact management in Cameroon and Uganda. Methods: Trained community health workers visited the households of index patients with TB identified in 3 urban/semiurban and 6 rural districts or subdistricts as part of a cluster-randomized trial and provided TB screening to all household contacts. Voluntary HIV counseling and testing were offered to contacts aged 5 years or older with unknown HIV status. We describe the cascade of care for HIV testing and the factors associated with the acceptance of HIV testing. Results: Overall, 1983 household contacts aged 5 years or older were screened for TB. Of these contacts, 1652 (83.3%) did not know their HIV status, 1457 (88.2%) accepted HIV testing, and 1439 (98.8%) received testing. HIV testing acceptance was lower among adults than children [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22 to 0.55], those living in household of an HIV-positive vs HIV-negative index case (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.83), and contacts requiring a reassessment visit after the initial TB screening visit vs asymptomatic contacts (aOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.67) and was higher if living in Uganda vs Cameroon (aOR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.17 to 17.62) or if another contact of the same index case was tested for HIV (aOR = 9.22, 95% CI: 5.25 to 16.18). Conclusion: HIV testing can be integrated into community-based household TB contact screening and is well-accepted.

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Balkissou, Adamou Dodo, Eric Walter Pefura-Yone, Virginie Poka, Alain Kuaban, Djibril Mohammadou Mubarak, Armel Djao Kora, Fadil Donkou Raouph, Josiane Touoyem Lonla, Linda Mangoh Taguedjio e Christopher Kuaban. "Incidence and predictors of death among adult patients treated for tuberculosis in two regions of Cameroon: 2010 to 2015". Journal of the Pan African Thoracic Society 3 (10 gennaio 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jpats_29_2021.

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Objectives: Mortality during tuberculosis (TB) remains high in Africa. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence and predictors of death during TB treatment in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Data of subjects aged ≥15 years were retrospectively extracted from registers in all TB diagnostic and treatment centers in the Western and Northern regions of Cameroon from 2010 to 2015. Cox regression models were used to determine predictors of death during TB treatment. Results: Of the 19,681 patients included, 12,541 (63.7%) were male and their median age (25th-75th percentile) was 34 (26–45) years. The cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of death during TB treatment was 8.0% (7.5–8.5%). The predictors (hazard ratios [95% CI]) of death were: Age >34 years (1.479 [1.295–1.688], P < 0.001), female sex (1.471 [1.286–1.683], P < 0.001), extra-pulmonary TB (1.723 [1.466–2.026], P < 0.001), human immunodeficiency virus infection (3.739 [3.269–4.276], P < 001]), TB treatment in the Western region (2.241 [1.815–2.768], P < 0.001), treatment before 2012 (1.215 [1.073–1.376], P = 0.002)and low body weight (1st quartile and 2nd quartile) (2.568 [2.133–3.092], [P < 0.001]) and (1.569 [1.298–1.896], P < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of death during TB was relatively high in the Western and Northern regions of Cameroon. Recognition of these persons at greatest risk may improve care and reduce death durinng TB treatment.

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Massongo, Massongo, Adamou Dodo Balkissou, Laurent-Mireille Endale Mangamba, Virginie Poka Mayap, Marie Elisabeth Ngah Komo, Abdou Wouoliyou Nsounfon, Alain Kuaban e Eric Walter Pefura Yone. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Cameroon: Prevalence and Predictors—A Multisetting Community-Based Study". Pulmonary Medicine 2023 (13 settembre 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1631802.

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Objective. Little is known concerning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the disease remains underdiagnosed. We aimed to estimate its prevalence in Cameroon and look for its predictors. Methods. Adults aged 19 years and older were randomly selected in 4 regions of Cameroon to participate in a cross-sectional community-based study. Data were collected in the participant’s home or place of work. Spirometry was performed on selected participants. COPD was defined as the postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio FEV 1 / FVC < lower limit of normal, using the global lung initiative (GLI) equations for Black people. Binomial logistic regression was used to seek COPD-associated factors. The strength of the association was measured using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Results. A total of 5055 participants (median age (25th-75th percentile) = 43 (30–56) years, 54.9% of women) were enrolled. COPD prevalence (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) was 2.9% (2.4, 3.3)%. Independent predictors of COPD (aOR (95% CI)) were a high educational level (4.7 (2.0, 11.1)), living in semiurban or rural locality (1.7 (1.4, 3.0)), tobacco smoking (1.7 (1.1, 2.5)), biomass fuel exposure (1.9 (1.1, 3.3)), experience of dyspnea (2.2 (1.4, 3.5)), history of tuberculosis (3.6 (1.9, 6.7)), and history of asthma (6.3 (3.4, 11.6)). Obesity was protective factor (aOR 95 % CI = 0.3 (0.2, 0.5)). Conclusion. The prevalence of COPD was relatively low. Alternative risk factors such as biomass fuel exposure, history of tuberculosis, and asthma were confirmed as predictors.

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Moualeu, D. P., M. Weiser, R. Ehrig e P. Deuflhard. "Optimal control for a tuberculosis model with undetected cases in Cameroon". Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 20, n. 3 (marzo 2015): 986–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.06.037.

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Kwedi Nolna, S., I. D. Kammogne, R. Ndzinga, B. Afanda, R. Ntonè, Y. Boum e D. Nolna. "Community knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to tuberculosis in Cameroon". International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 20, n. 9 (1 settembre 2016): 1199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.15.0897.

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Koro Koro, Francioli, Yannick Kamdem Simo, Félix Fotso Piam, Jurgen Noeske, Cristina Gutierrez, Christopher Kuaban e Sara Irène Eyangoh. "Population Dynamics of Tuberculous Bacilli in Cameroon as Assessed by Spoligotyping". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 51, n. 1 (31 ottobre 2012): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01196-12.

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Sama, Leonard Fonkeng, Sidoine Sadjeu, Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu, Solange Dabou, Georges Ful Kuh, Omer Bebe Ngouateu e Michel Noubom. "Diabetes Mellitus and HIV Infection among Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in the North West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study". International Journal of Clinical Practice 2023 (24 novembre 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5998727.

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Objective. To determine the prevalence rate of HIV and diabetes among tuberculosis (TB) patients and also the comorbidity rate. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. This study was carried out at the Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Regional Hospital Bamenda, North West Region of Cameroon, from January 2017 to December 2019. Participants. 1115 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis aged ≥14 years (mean 42.5 ± 15.28 years). Methods. Sputum samples collected were acid-fast stained and examined macroscopically as well as inoculated for culture. A chest X-ray was performed for further confirmation of TB diagnosis. After the TB diagnosis was done, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-PG test, HbA1c, and biochemical enzymatic tests were performed for the diagnosis of diabetes. Rapid strip test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to diagnose HIV infection. Interventions. No intervention was done during the period of study. Outcome Measures. The prevalence of TB/HIV and TB/HIV/DM, signs and symptoms, imaging results, and bacteriology status among TB/HIV, TB/HIV/DM coinfected, and comorbidity cases. Results. Of 1115 participants, 38.57% had TB/HIV, and 5.83% had TB/HIV/DM. Among TB/HIV/DM cases, 20.39% had a cough for more than 2 weeks [ p < 0.0001 ; OR (95%CI): 4.866 (3.170–7.404)], and 35.71% had a fever for at least 2 weeks [ p < 0.0001 ; OR (95%CI): 7.824 (5.336–11.36)]. The majority of TB/HIV/DM patients (77.42%) had chest pain for at least 2 weeks [ p < 0.0001 ; OR (95%CI): 114.3 (59.78–207.1)]. 7.41%, 14.18%, and 9.09% of TB/HIV/DM, respectively, had chest abnormality, positive smear, and positive culture (p = 0.018). Significant differences were observed between signs and symptoms, imaging results, bacteriology, treatment history for TB cases and those with HIV and/or DM, and those without HIV and/or DM coinfection and comorbidity. Conclusion. This study reports a high prevalence of DM comorbidity and HIV coinfection among active TB patients in the North West Region of Cameroon as well as TB/HIV/DM comorbidity.

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Ermilov, Sergey G., e Josef Starý. "TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS GEPHYRAZETES (ACARI, ORIBATIDA, MOCHLOZETIDAE)". Ecologica Montenegrina 16 (4 febbraio 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2018.16.4.

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The oribatid mite genus Gephyrazetes (Oribatida, Mochlozetidae) is recorded for the first time in the Ethiopian region; one new species is described from soil and litter of Korup National Park in Cameroon. Gephyrazetes umukusumae sp. nov. differs from G. fasciatus Hirauchi, 1999 by the larger body size, truncate lamellar cusps, setiform bothridial setae, very small notogastral porose areas, paraanal position of adanal lyrifissures, presence of four pairs of genital setae and tuberculate lateral parts of prodorsum, and absence of dorsosejugal and sublamellar porose areas. Revised generic diagnosis and the data on distribution and ecology of Gephyrazetes species are presented.

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Assam Assam, Jean Paul, Marc Flaubert Yumsu Tcham, Ndedi Esther Del Florence Moni, Diboue Patrick Hervé Betote, Tchinda Cedric Fossi e Beng Veronique Penlap. "Phytochemical screening, Antimycobacterial activity of three medicinal Cameroonians plants and Acute toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Vitellaria paradoxa". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, n. 1-s (15 febbraio 2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i1-s.3848.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, resposible for health problems in developing countries. In Africa, various medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat TB. The aim of this study is to carry out the phytochemical screening, to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of the crude extracts of three medicinal plants present in Cameroon (Zingiber officinale, Vitellaria paradoxa and Alstonia boonei) and the acute toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Vitellaria paradoxa. The phytochemical screening was obtained by hydroethanolic extraction and decoction. Inhibitory parameters of antimycobacterial activities were determined using the microplate alamar blue assay against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) and on one M. tuberculosis clinical strain. The crude extract with the best antimycobacterial activity was used for the acute toxicity assessment according to the OECD protocol. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of triterpenes and steroids in all the extracts, whereas phenols were only present in the decoction of Alstonia boonei. All extracts tested showed antimycobacterial activities. The hydroethanolic extract of V. paradoxa presented the best antimycobacterial activity with MICs of 78.13 and 625 μg/mL and MBCs of 78.13 and 2500 μg/mL respectively on M. tuberculosis H37Rv and on M. tuberculosis clinical strain. The results of the acute toxicity evaluation of V. paradoxa showed a lethal dose 50 greater than 5000 mg/kg compared to control. The antimycobacterial activity of all the plant extracts used in this study justifies the traditional use of these medicinal plants on the treatment of TB. Keywords: Zingiber officinale, Vitellaria paradoxa, Alstonia boonei, Phytochemical screening, Antimycobacterial activity, Acute toxicity.

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Awah-Ndukum, J., AC Kudi, G. Bradley, I. Ane-Anyangwe, VPK Titanji, S. Fon-Tebug e J. Tchoumboue. "Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon based on the detection of lesions in slaughtered cattle and tuberculin skin tests of live cattle". Veterinární Medicína 57, No. 2 (27 febbraio 2012): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5252-vetmed.

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  Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an important neglected zoonosis in Cameroon, where many communities depend on their livestock for livelihood and the incidence of human TB and TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection are high and increasing annually. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bovine TB in cattle in the highlands of Cameroon. The magnitude and trend of detecting TB lesions in slaughtered cattle (1994 to 2010) and tuberculin skin tests (TST) in 2853 cattle (84 herds) of 39 livestock rearing communities were analysed. Of 129 165 slaughtered cattle inspected, 599 (0.46%; 95% CI: 0.43%–0.50%) showed suspected TB lesions among a total of 983 (0.76%; 95% CI: 0.71%–0.81%) identified pathologies. The monthly TB detection rates ranged from 0.30% (95% CI: 0.20%–0.40%) to 0.81% (95% CI: 0.64%–0.98%) and annual rates from 0.04% (95% CI: 0%–0.11%) to 1.46% (95% CI: 1.22%–1.69%). The rates were not affected (P < 0.05) by season and fluctuating peaks were also recorded. The comparative TST revealed that bovine TB was widely distributed in live cattle (4.67%; 95% CI: 3.89%–5.44%) and was higher (χ<sup>2</sup> = 17.50, P ≤ 0.001) in the Western highlands than Adamawa plateaux. Comparative TST bovine TB reactors were higher (P < 0.05) in cattle managed in semi-intensive and beef production systems compared to the others. Animals in small herds showed higher (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.283, P = 0.038) rates than those in large herds. Bovine TB prevalence in exotic/upgraded cattle was comparable to that of the Red Bororo zebu but higher than the rates in Guadali (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.971, P = 0.026) and White Fulani (χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.6, P = 0.018) zebus. Among the indigenous zebus, the rate was higher in Red Bororo than the Guadali (χ<sup>2</sup> = 6.244, P = 0.012) and White Fulani (χ<sup>2</sup> = 6.568, P = 0.010). Sex did not influence (χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.410, P = 0.522) bovine TB prevalence in this study but diagnosis of the disease was higher (χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.787; P = 0.016) among adult/older cattle than in younger animals. Further analysis of the TST responses revealed that atypical mycobacterial infections was widespread and 6.83% of tested animals showed positive reactions at both bovine and avian tuberculin injection sites and a strong association (χ<sup>2</sup> = 2.512; P = 0.113) between skin responses to both tuberculins. The study confirms that bovine TB is prevalent in live cattle and meat production abattoirs in Cameroon and we recommend strict a interpretation of TST results for maximum diagnosis of the disease in the local environment. A need for comprehensive investigation of the molecular epidemiology, zoonotic risks and the public health importance of bovine TB in Cameroon cannot be overemphasised.

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Joseph Paul Marius Koualiagnigni, Jean Paul Assam Assam, Moussa Moupe, Rodrigue roman Dongang Nana, Nkanghe Maureen Bih, Fabrice Hervé Ngamga Njiké, Geneviève Andoseh et al. "Evaluation of polymorphism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and its association with age group and HIV sero-status in Ngaoundéré-Cameroon". International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive 4, n. 2 (30 maggio 2023): 040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.2.0057.

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Pulmonary tuberculosis is a millennial scourge that is still current, and considered one of the most communicable diseases in the world. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of isolates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ngaoundéré. We estimates it from newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive patients by spoligotyping method. In total we obtained 21 different profiles including 9 orphan profiles and 12 clusters grouping from 2 to 54 strains. The comparison of the profiles of the strains of Ngaoundéré studied here with those of the strains of the genetically known families and listed in the SpolDB4 database reveals 14 profiles. Of these, 73 (45.6%) isolates belong to the LAM10_CAM family while 67 (41.9%) were non LAM10_CAM strains. Strains classified into non LAM10_CAM family included strains from the T family 38 (23.75%), Uganda family 15 (9.37%), Haarlem family 10 (6.25%), and others. Among the Shared Types, ST 61 member of the LAM10_CAM represented 54 (36.98%) and ST 53 member of the T family represented 24 (16.49%). No correlation was found between the genotypes identified and both the serological status and sex. The results show that M. tuberculosis was the only species incriminated with a strong predominance of ST 61 clones from the LAM 10_CAM family and ST53 from the T family.

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Berinyuy, Tata Gloria, Diderot Fopa, Fabo Yatchou Sosthene, Matcha Fotso Laetitia, Mme Kamdjeu Rita e RenÃ© Essomba. "Profile of Interferon-gamma levels in patients infected with <i>mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus in Yaoundé". Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 19, n. 3 (18 ottobre 2023): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v19i3.1.

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Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem globally with HIV/AIDS being the main predisposing factor to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Interferon Gamma (IFN- ) is one of the most important cytokines in the host immune response against this mycobacterium. This study aimed to determine the profile of IFN- levels in patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and co- infected with HIV in Yaoundé. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Yaoundé Jamot Hospital and the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital from August - November 2021. Ninety (90) participants were enrolled (45 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases and 45 healthy controls). ALERE DETERMINE HIV-1/2 rapid diagnostic test plus HIV AB/AG ELISA HUMAN COMBO was used for HIV screening, and IFN- levels were measured by sandwich ELISA method. Among the 45 cases, 35 were PTB infected only, while 10 (22.2%) were HIV/TB co-infected. IFN- levels were higher in the TB-HIV co-infected group (7.24pg/ml ± 6,9) and the TB mono-infected group (4.11pg/ml ± 3.02) as compared to healthy controls (3.31 ± 2.14). In TB patients, a negative correlation was observed between the IFN- levels and the duration of antituberculosis therapy, indicating the importance of IFN- in accelerating recovery from PTB following treatment. Considering the limited number of cases studied, further studies are needed to demonstrate the value of this cytokine in the management of MTB in Cameroon.

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Fabrice, Djouma Nembot. "Time to Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation and Factors associated to Same Day Initiation in the West Region of Cameroon". TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 10, n. 2 (30 giugno 2022): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.10.02.art004.

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Abstract (sommario):

Same-day Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) initiation after a positive HIV test result is vital for faster viral suppression. This study assessed the time to ART initiation and factors associated to SDAI in the West region of Cameroon. This was a cross-sectional retrospective study. The data was extracted from registers and patients’ medical records and analysed. The mean age of the 3053 participants was 36.9 (SD: 13.3), and 64.0% were female. A total of 2346 (76.8%) participants had initiated ART the same day of the diagnosis. Female gender (OR= 1.2; 95%CI:1.1-1.5), Tier 3 HF (OR= 1.3; 95%CI: 1-1.7), semi-urban facility’s location (OR= 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1-1.7), periods of test January-March 2020 (OR= 2; 95%CI: 1.6-2.6), April- June 2020 (OR= 1.7; 95%CI: 1.3-2.2), and July- September 2020 (OR= 3.4; 95%CI: 2.5-4.6), index case testing entry point (OR= 1.6; 95%CI: 1.2-2.1), active occupational situation (OR= 1.3; 95%CI: 1-1.7), and good general status (OR= 1.3; 95%CI: 1.1-1.6) were independently associated to same day initiation. In addition to WHO stage 2 (OR= 0.6; 95%), tuberculosis (OR= 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1-0.5), inpatient (OR= 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1-0.4) and emergency entry point (OR= 0.1; 95%CI: 0-0.2) were inversely associated to SDI. The ART initiation was timely for most clients in the West region of Cameroon, in alignment with the WHO recommendations. However, this was not the case among symptomatic, critically ill, and tuberculosis clients. This underscores the need for ongoing support, counselling, and continuous readiness assessment, as well as a strong linkage system for clients with delayed ART initiation.