Tesi sul tema "Tsaf"

Les Troubles du Spectre de l’Alcoolisation Fœtale (TSAF), reconnus comme problème majeur de Santé Publique, représentent la première cause évitable de handicap neurocognitif et d’inadaptation sociale. De nos jours, malgré la présence de lignes directrices, le diagnostic de ces troubles reste difficile, notamment pour les formes non syndromiques, sans signe physique évocateur, tels que les Troubles Neuro-Développementaux Liés à l’Alcool (TNDLA). Les raisons pouvant expliquer cette errance diagnostique sont multiples : 1 - la confirmation de l’exposition prénatale et/ou préconceptionnelle à l’alcool (EPA) repose sur une démarche déclarative, souvent difficile pour les parents et compliquée en cas de placement ou d’adoption ; 2 - les TSAF, encore peu connus ou sous-évalués par certains professionnels de santé peuvent être confondus avec d’autres syndromes et volontiers considérés comme un diagnostic différentiel ; 3 – le diagnostic est uniquement clinique, en l’absence de tests biologiques fiables. Ce retard voire cette absence diagnostique limite la prise en soins et l’accompagnement, pourtant déterminants pour améliorer la trajectoire de vie. La recherche de nouveaux biomarqueurs diagnostiques est devenue un enjeu considérable au cours de ces dernières années. Pour répondre à cet enjeu, nous proposons de décrire une série de 147 enfants et adolescents suivis au CHU de La Réunion, tant sur le plan clinique (anamnestique et phénotypique), que biologique (génétique et épigénétique) afin de proposer des éléments diagnostiques utiles pour un repérage précoce de ces patients et de leurs familles. Sur le plan clinique, notre étude vient conforter les critères diagnostiques classiquement proposés dans la littérature, en décrire de nouveaux, telle la camptodactylie des extrémités, et met en lumière l’état de vulnérabilités associées chez ces enfants porteurs de TSAF (exposition préconceptionnelle paternelle, exposition à de multiples toxiques, prématurité, situation socio-familiale complexe, anomalie génétique associée dont l’origine questionne sur la possibilité d’une fragilité chromosomique sous-tendue par des mécanismes épigénétiques). Cette description clinique, la première réalisée sur une large série de patients Réunionnais, vient renforcer la nécessité d’un dépistage précoce afin d’améliorer le pronostic, limiter les handicaps surajoutés et les handicaps secondaires, afin d’optimiser la qualité de vie, d’une part des enfants atteints, mais aussi de la fratrie potentiellement atteinte et d’impliquer, d’accompagner et au besoin de prendre en soin les parents.Au niveau épigénétique, nous avons identifié chez des enfants atteints de TSAF âgés de 0 à 18 ans, une expression différentielle et persistante de microARN. Les sous-profils d’expression diffèrent selon le tissu étudié (cellules épithéliales buccales ou plasma) mais aussi selon les catégories diagnostiques (SAF complet, SAF partiel ou TNDLA). Ces résultats, à confirmer sur une plus large série, pourraient laisser entrevoir la possibilité d’une signature épigénétique chez les patients, déterminante pour proposer un diagnostic le plus précoce possible
Recognized as a major public health problem, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are the leading cause of avoidable neurocognitive disorders and social maladjustment. Despite diagnostic guidelines, the diagnosis of FASD remains complex, particularly in non-syndromic forms without physical signs such as ARNDs. There are several possible reasons for this misdiagnosis : 1- the confirmation of prenatal and/or preconceptional alcohol exposure (PAE) is based on a declarative approach, which is often difficult for parents and complicated in the case of placement or adoption; 2- FASD, which are still little known or underestimated by some health professionals, may be confused with other genetic syndromes and easily considered as a differential diagnosis; 3- This delay or even this absence of diagnosis limits care and support, which are nevertheless decisive in improving the life trajectory. The search for new diagnostic biomarkers has become a major challenge in recent years. In response to this challenge, we propose to describe a series of 147 children and adolescents followed at the University Hospital of Reunion Island, both clinically and biologically (genetic and epigenetic data), in order to provide useful diagnostic information for the early identification of these patients and their families. Our clinical study confirmed the diagnostic criteria classically proposed in the literature; new criteria are also described describes new ones, such as camptodactyly of the extremities, and highlights the vulnerabilities associated with FASD in these children (paternal preconceptional exposure, exposure to multiple toxins, prematurity, complex socio-familial situation, associated genetic anomaly whose origin raises questions about the possibility of chromosomal fragility underpinned by epigenetic mechanisms). This precise clinical description, the first carried out on a large series of patients from Reunion, reinforces the need for early detection to improve the prognosis, limit additional and secondary disabilities, optimize the quality of life of affected children and potentially affected siblings, and offers, if necessary, parental care.Considering the epigenetic analyses, we identified differential and persistent miRNAs expression in children with FASD aged 0-18 years. The expression sub-profiles differed according to the tissues studied (buccal epithelial cells or plasma), but also according to the diagnostic categories (FAS, partial FAS, ARND). These results, which need to be confirmed in a larger series, could indicate the possibility of an epigenetic signature in patients, which would be crucial in proposing an early diagnosis of patients

La fin du 6e millénaire et le début du 5e millénaire constituent une des périodes les moins connues de la préhistoire du Levant sud. Dans ce contexte, les fouilles menées sur le site de Tel Tsaf, dans la vallée du Jourdain, offrent une opportunité inédite d’apporter un éclairage sur les sociétés de cette période. Cette étude s’est attachée, à travers la définition des systèmes de production, de distribution et d’utilisation des céramiques, à définir le fonctionnement social et économique du site et, au-delà, à adresser son statut au niveau régional. Nous avons pour cela développé une approche techno-pétrographique des assemblages céramiques, fondée sur l’identification des chaînes opératoires de production technique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons replacé l’assemblage céramique de Tel Tsaf dans le cadre plus large de la vallée du Jourdain et du Levant, à travers des comparaisons au niveau micro et macro-régional. Cette étude s’est avérée particulièrement riche. A l’échelle du site, elle nous a permis de mettre en évidence une société complexe et multi-culturelle. A l’échelle de la région, elle nous a permis de définir une communauté de pratiques au sein de la vallée du Jourdain et de mettre en évidence un phénomène de migration depuis le Levant nord, sur le site de Tel Tsaf. À l’appui des résultats de ce travail, ainsi que des études comparatives réalisées sur le matériel des sites de Beth Shean XVIII et d’Abu Gosh III – Jasmine street, il nous a été possible de proposer une réflexion d’ensemble sur la vallée du Jourdain et le Levant sud au tournant du 5e millénaire
The late 6th-early 5th millenium BC is one of the least known of the southern Levant prehistoric periods. In this context, the excavations on the site of Tel Tsaf, in the Jordan Valley, offer an unprecedented opportunity to shed light on communities from that period. This study aimed, through the definition of production systems, distribution and use of ceramics, to define the social and economic functioning of the site and beyond, to address its regional status. In this purpose, we have developed a techno-petrographical approach of the ceramic assemblage, based on the identification of chaînes opératoires. Secondly, we recontextualized the ceramic assemblage of Tel Tsaf in the broader context of the Jordan Valley and the Levant, through comparisons at micro and macro-regional level.This study prooved particularly rich. At the site level, it allowed us to highlight a complex and multi-cultural society. At the regional scale, it allowed us to define a community of practice in the Jordan Valley and highlight a phenomenon of migration from the northern Levant, to the site of Tel Tsaf. Regarding our results on Tel Tsaf, as well as comparative studies on the material of Beth Shean XVIII sites and Abu Gosh III - Jasmine street, we attempted to provide a broader reflection on the Jordan Valley and the Southern Levant at the turn of the 5th millennium

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are antioxidant proteins capable of decomposing a variety of hydroperoxide are very abundant in the cell and in eukaryotes are distributed in many cell compartments. The Prx are able to reduce their substrates using a highly reactive cysteine residue, named peroxidatic cysteine (CP-S-), which is maintained in the thiolate form as a consequence of the active site environment. In hydroperoxide decomposition process the CP is oxidized to cysteine sulfenic acid (CP-SOH). These vast majorities of these proteins are obligate dimers and has a second cysteine involved in the catalytic cycle, named resolution cysteine (CR), which forms a disulfide with CP and is often reduced by the enzyme thioredoxin (Trx). In addition to the reduction of Prx, the Trx are involved in several other biological processes such as cell growth, inhibition of apoptosis, transcriptional activation and DNA synthesis. When cell are exposed to oxidative stress, the CP can suffer overoxidation, forming species such as cysteine sulfinic acid (CP-SO2H) and cysteine sulfonic acid (CP-SO2H), which are not reduced by Trx. However, the CP overoxidation results in a change of the of Prx quaternary structure, resulting in the formation of high molecular weight structures (HMW) with molecular chaperone property and related to signal transduction triggered by hydroperoxides. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have two isoforms of cytosolic Prx (Tsa1 and Tsa2), which shares high similarity (86% identity and 96% similarity), but differ in cellular abundance and expression levels. However, these enzymes are often considered redundant proteins. This study aimed the comparative analysis searching for functional and structural differences between Tsa1 and Tsa2. We evaluated Tsa1 and Tsa2 relationships with its oxidizing (hydroperoxide) and reducing substrates (Trx1 and Trx2). We also performed structural and kinetic analysis showed a significant relationship between maintaining the decameric structure the activity of enzymes which occurs by a series polar interactions but not equal to the active site amino acids. Highlighting the Thr44 of Tsa1 (Ser in Tsa2) which is involved in decamer structure stabilization by a CH-π interaction type with the Tyr77 and through the Oγ atom (from Thr) polar interactions with Phe45 and Leu41. Overoxidation susceptibility assays were performed using Tsa1 and Tsa2, and our results revealed that organic hydroperoxides were able to promote the CP overoxidation more efficiently when compared to H2O2. In turn, Tsa2 was very more resistant to CP overoxidation than Tsa1. This difference was also investigated concerning the catalytic triad Thr (Tsa1) to Ser (Tsa2). We generated mutants carrying reciprocal substitutions Tsa1T44S and Tsa2S44T and our results revealed that Tsa1T44S become more resistant to CP overoxidation and Tsa2S44T become more sensitive. The formation of high molecular weight structures (HMW) of Tsa1, Tsa2 and mutants were also investigated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Tsa1, Tsa2 and mutants HMW formation were analyzed by size exclusion chromatograph (SEC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed an increase of HMW formation after Trx system reaction using high concentrations of CHP. Were observed the stacking of the ring-shaped structures besides spherical species. Our results demonstrate that Tsa1 and Tsa2 proteins differ significantly in overoxidation susceptibility and HMW complex formation, indicating that these proteins have not redundant biological roles and small changes in active site promote high functional and structural changes in these enzymes.
Peroxirredoxinas (Prx) são proteínas antioxidantes capazes de decompor uma grande variedade de hidroperóxidos, são muito abundantes na célula e em eucariotos estão distribuídas nos diversos compartimentos celulares. As Prx são capazes de reduzir seus substratos utilizando um resíduo de cisteína altamente reativa, denominada de cisteína peroxidásica (CP-S-), que se apresenta na forma de tiolato. No processo de decomposição de hidroperóxidos é oxidada a cisteína ácido sulfênico (CP-SOH). A grande maioria destas proteínas se apresenta como dímeros obrigatórios e apesar de algumas Prx apresentarem somente uma cisteína, grande parcela possui uma segunda cisteína envolvida no ciclo catalítico que recebe o nome de cisteína de resolução (CR), a qual forma um dissulfeto com CP, que frequentemente é reduzido pela enzima tiorredoxina (Trx). Adicionalmente à redução das Prx, as Trx estão envolvidas em diversos outros processos biológicos como crescimento celular, inibição de apoptose, ativação de transcrição e síntese de DNA. Quando a célula é exposta a elevado estresse oxidativo, pode ocorrer a superoxidação de CP formando espécies superoxidadas como a cisteína ácido sulfínico (CP-SO2H) e sulfônico (CPSO3H) que não podem ser reduzidas por Trx. Entretanto, também resulta na alteração da estrutura quaternária das Prx, levando à formação de estruturas de alto peso molecular (HMW) que possuem propriedade de chaperona molecular e estão relacionadas a transdução de sinal desencadeada por hidroperóxidos. Em Saccharomyces cerevisiae, há duas isoformas citosólicas de Prx (Tsa1 e Tsa2), que possuem grande semelhança (86% de identidade e 96% de similaridade), mas apresentam diferenças na concentração celular e nível de expressão. Entretanto, muitas vezes são consideradas proteínas redundantes. Este trabalho teve como objetivos uma análise comparativa aprofundada buscando um maior entendimento das diferenças funcionais e estruturais de Tsa1 e Tsa2. Foram avaliados a relação de Tsa1 e Tsa2 com seus substratos oxidantes (hidroperóxidos) e substratos redutores (Trx1 e Trx2). Análises estruturais e cinéticas demonstraram uma importante relação entre a manutenção da estrutura decamérica a atividade das enzimas a qual ocorre por uma serie interações polares similares mas não iguais entre aminoácidos do sítio ativo. Com destaque para a Thr44 de Tsa1 (Ser em Tsa2) que possui importância na estabilização da estrutura decamérica através de uma interação do tipo C-H-π com Tyr77 e através do átomo de O que possui interações polares com Phe45 e Leu41. Também foram realizadas análises de susceptibilidade a superoxidação de Tsa1 e Tsa2, e demonstrou-se que peróxidos orgânicos são capazes de promover mais eficientemente a superoxidação quando comparados a H2O2, sendo que Tsa1 apresenta uma maior sensibilidade a superoxidação. Essa diferença foi também relacionada à substituição Thr/Ser e análises de susceptibilidade a superoxidação dos mutantes Tsa1T44S e Tsa2S44T demonstraram que a substituição reciproca tornou Tsa1T44S mais resistente a superoxidação e Tsa2S44T mais sensível. A formação de estruturas de alto peso molecular (HMW) de Tsa1, Tsa2 e mutantes foram investigadas através de cromatografia de exclusão molecular (SEC) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM). Os resultados demonstraram um aumento da formação de HMW após reações de superoxidação utilizando o sistema Trx em altas concentrações de CHP e foi verificada a presença de empilhamentos de decâmeros, além de esferas, descritas na literatura. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstram de forma clara que as proteínas Tsa1 e Tsa2 diferem de forma significativa tanto na suscetibilidade a superoxidação quanto na formação de complexos HMW distintos, indicando fortemente que estas proteínas possuem papeis biológicos não redundantes e que alterações sutis de aminoácidos no sitio ativo promovem grandes alterações funcionais e estruturais nas enzimas.

There is a dearth of reading-material in Sepedi for children and youths because the written and reading language in Sepedi is relatively young. Any written texts for children and youths must therefore be in such a way as to be of interest to them. Madiba was a pioneer in such writing. In view of this dearth of reading-material in Sepedi for children and youths, some attempts have been made to translate certain books from other languages in order to fill this gap. However such attempts have proved to be a far outcry to satisfy the existing need of such reading-material. To compound this alarming problem, parents at home do not teach their children how to read. This parental failure is more evident in rural areas where literacy is at its lowest ebb. The thesis outlines the different reader groups and the kinds of the different reader groups as an illustration of the extant deficiency of Sepedi reading-material for children and youths. Though in the Sepedi traditional life there is a spoken or oral literature, the thesis focuses not thereon but on the written form of the literature for children and youths. The method of discussion is descriptive in nature and embarks on social-literacy approach with a strong educational flavour to prepare readers for life and enable the youths to adjust to social and cultural levels in life. In order to prickle the reading interest, pictures, colour, book cover, page lay-out, the letter type and size as well as the easy-to-handle size of the book are all of vital importance. For interest sake, the stories in the books should be read to children not only in class but also at home. The contents of the book should also be appropriate for the particular age group. The structuring of the information should also promote the logical sequence of events. The sentences must be fluent in reading and the vocabulary be appropriate. The title of the book should also stimulate reading interest. Women should venture into the writing of books for children and youths since Sepedi books with stories for daughters are still lacking. Possible steps are suggested to encourage this waiting of reading-material for children and youths. As a written and reading language, Sepedi is a relatively young language and the backlog that exists in this language in respect of child and youth reading-material is ascribable to this. The first written texts of this nature must therefore serve two purposes: in the first place it is used at school as reading-material, and at the same time the reading passages must be so composed and written that they serve as interesting reading-material for the children. School books written on this by Madiba serve as examples of these. These literacy works have therefore been graded in order to provide for those in the different educational levels. It goes without saying that there is a tremendous shortage of the reading-material of this nature. In order to cater for this shortage in some instances attempts have even been made to translate suitable works from other languages so as to provide these to children as supplementary reading-material. In spite of all attempts to overcome this problem, the progress that has been made in this regard so far is praiseworthy although it is far from being enough to satisfy the existing need. The reason for this is, among others, that the sale enjoyed by the written word in Sepedi is determined by the school market. It is also true that the role which the parent must play at home in the teaching of reading is not played especially in rural areas where literacy is not yet established. In order to properly illustrate the existing deficiency in respect of child and youth reading-material in Sepedi, it is essential to outline the different (a) reader groups and (b) the kinds of the different reader groups. An important aspect which the researcher must not lose sight of is that in the Sepedi traditional life dispensation there is literature for the children which however is known as spoken or oral literature which is, as a result thereof, of a different kind especially in respect of the kinds which must be distinguished. A discussion hereof is not undertaken in this thesis; only the written form of the literature for the children and the young people is relevant here. The method in terms of which it is done is mainly descriptive in nature and only where it becomes necessary the information is subjected to interpretation. The approach in terms of which the research is undertaken, is social-literary in nature with a strong educational flavour in order that these works should introduce the readers to and prepare them for life, it must better equip the youth for adjustment to social as well as cultural levels. In order to do that, there exist various strategies which not only make it easier for the reading of texts but also to whet the reading appetite. The reading of the text is expedited by presenting the book in a captivating manner. In the subsequent chapters the extant Sepedi texts are taken through the magnifying glass. Conspicuous inclinations and tendencies are highly-lighted and discussed, since stories for daughters are still lacking and that women should venture into the writing of books for children and youths. Reasons for this are sought and possible steps are suggested to encourage the writing of reading-material for children and youths.
As skryf-en-leestaal is Sepedi n betreklike jong taal, en die agterstand wat in die taal t.o.v. kinder-en-jeuglektuur bestaan, kan hieraan toegeskryf word. Die eerste geskrewe tekste van die aard moes dus n dubbele doel dien: vereers is dit as leesmaterial op skool gebruik, en terselfdertyd moes die leesstukke so saamgestel en geskryf word dat dit interessante leesstof vir die kinders kon dien. Die skoolboekies wat daarom deur Madiba geskryf is, is dan ook voorbeelde hiervan. Die werkies is derhalwe so gegradeer dat hulle vir die in die verskillende opvoedkundige vlakke voorsiening maak. Dat daar n geweldige tekort aan leesstoff van die aard bestaan, spreek vanself. Ter aanvulling van die tekort is daar by geleenheid selfs gepoog om geskikte werkies uit tale te verhaal, en as bykommende leesstof vir die kinders daar te stel. Ten spyte van al die pogins om hierdie problem die hoof te bied, is die voordering wat hiermee gemaak is, wel prysenswaardig, maar nie by benadering voldoende om aan die bestaande behoefte te voldoen nie. Die rede hiervoor is o.a. dat die afset wat die geskrewe woord in Sepedi geniet, deur die skoolmark bepaal word. Ook is dit waar dat die rol wat die ouer tuis met die leesopvoeding moet speel, nie plaasvind nie, veral in die landelike gebiede waar geletterdheid nog nie behoorlik gevistig was nie. Om die leemte wat t.o.v kinder-en-jeug-lektuur in Sepedi bestaan, behoorlik toe te lig, is dit nodig om die verskillende (a) lesergroepe en (b) genres vir die onderskeie lesergroepe uiteen te sit. n Belangrike saak wat die ondersoeker egter nie uit die oog mag verloor nie, is dat daar in die traditionale lewensbestel van die Sepedi wel n letterkunde bekend is, as gevolg waarvan dit ook ondersoortig is veral t.o.v. die genres wat onderskei word. n Bespreking hiervan word nie in hierdie proefskrif onderneem nie, slegs die geskrewe vorm van die literatuur vir die kinders en jong mense is hier ter sake. Die metode waarvolgens dit geskied, is hoofsaklik beskrywend van aard, en slegs waar dit nodig is, word die gegewens aan interpretasie onderwerp. Dir werkwyse waarbinne die ondersoek onderneem word, is sosiaal-literer van aard met n sterk opvoedkundige inslag daar hierdie werke die lesers daarvan moet inlei en voorberei vir die lewe; dit moet die aanpassing van die jeug op sowel sociale as kulturele vlak vergemaklik. Om dit te kan doen, bestaan daar verskillende strategee vat nie net die lees van tekste moet vergemaklik nie, maar ook n leesgierigheid moet aanwakker. Die lees van die teks word aangehelp deurdat die boek aantreklik aangebied word. In die hieropvolgende hoofstrukke word die bestande Sepedi tekste onder die vergrootglas geneem. Opvallende neigings en tendense word uitgelig en besprek soos dat verhale vir dogters nog ontbreek en dat vroue hulle nog aan die skrywe van kinders en jeug boeke moet waag. Redes hiervoor word gesoek, en moontlike stappe word aan die hand gedoen om die skrywe aan kinder-en-jeuglektuur aan te moedig.
Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
African Languages
DLitt
Unrestricted

Ba(Zr 0.8-xCe xY 0.2)O &#8323;-delta (0 < or = x < or = 0.4) (BZCYs) powders were successfully fabricated by both solid state reaction and glycine-nitrate process. Lithium fluoride (LiF) was selected as a liquid phase sintering additive to lower the sintering temperature of BZCYs. Using LiF as an additive, high density BZCYs ceramics can be obtained at sintering temperatures 200~300 °C lower than the usual 1700 °C with much shorter soaking time. Nuclear reaction investigations showed no lithium and a small amount of fluorine reside in the sample which indicates the non-concomitant evaporation of lithium and fluorine during the sintering process. Scanning electron microscopic investigations showed the bimodal structure of BZCY ceramics and grain growth as Ce content increases. In a water saturated hydrogen containing atmosphere, BZCY ceramics have higher conductivity when LiF is used in the sintering process. LiF-added BZCY electrolyte-supported fuel cells with different cathodes were tested at temperatures from 500 ~ 850 °C. Results show that Pt cathode gives much higher power output than ceramic cathodes, indicating much larger polarization from ceramic cathodes than Pt. Ba(Zr 0.6Ce 0.2Y 0.2)O &#8323;-delta anode supported proton conductive solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs) show low power output due to its low proton conductivity. Ba(Ce 0.8Y 0.2)O &#8323;-delta anode supported H-SOFCs show excellent power output. Different H &#8322; and O &#8322; partial pressures were used for fuel and oxidative gas, respectively, to obtain information for V(i) modeling. Different thicknesses of supporting anode were used to obtain saturation current densities of H-SOFC. Using the dusty-gas model which includes Stefan-Maxwell equation and Knudsen terms, the calculation gave tortuosity of our supporting anode 1.95 + or = 0.1. The gas concentrations across the anode were also calculated by knowing the tortuosity of the supporting anode. An electrochemical model of H-SOFC was developed. The excellent agreement between model and experimental data implies that our model is close to the true physical picture of H-SOFC. The more accurate prediction of our model, based on a physical picture of electrochemical processes, also provides a replacement for using the Butler-Volmer equation in SOFC modeling. In the parametric analysis, our model shows that ohmic polarization and cathodic polarization limit the performance of H-SOFC. Research for improving H-SOFC performance should be focused on reducing electrolyte thickness, increasing proton conductivity of electrolyte and finding a compatible cathode material.

There are many abandoned villages in the remote areas of Hong Kong, especially in the New Territories. They are the result of urbanization and economic transition of Hong Kong. Some of these abandoned villages become relics and visitorsʼ attractions due to their long history, rural settings and unique culture. However, preservation is not a free lunch. Transforming them into museums or galleries for educational purpose may not be the real sustainable way of keeping them. This thesis aims to explore a viable form of rejuvenating an abandoned village, where urban people can have a rural experience while preserving the heritage of the village.
published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture

A redução incompleta de oxigênio a água durante a respiração celular resulta na formação de Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio (EROs), compostos oxidantes que podem, em determinadas situações, gerar quadros sérios de estresse oxidativo celular. células aeróbicas são equipadas com um complexo sistema de defesas anti-oxidantes para lidar com esta situação. Peroxirredoxinas constituem uma família de enzimas anti-oxidantes com a habilidade de remover hidroperóxidos à custa de um agente redutor que contenha tióis, protegendo biomoléculas de danos oxidativos. Ahp1 e Tsa1 são as duas peroxirredoxinas mais abundantes da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, podendo cada uma constituir até 1% do total de proteínas solúveis celulares. Neste trabalho, foi realizada a caracterização de algumas propriedades bioquímicas de Ahp1, principalmente no que diz respeito às suas preferências por substratos e sensibilidade à inativação por hidroperóxidos, as quais foram comparadas com as de Tsa1. Diversos cristais de Ahp1 foram obtidos e difrataram com resolução máxima de 1.8A. Diversas estratégias para a resolução de sua estrutura tridimensional foram adotadas, sem sucesso. Por outro lado, a estrutura tridimensional preliminar de Tsa1 foi resolvida, buscando relacionar as características funcionais da proteína com a sua organização espacial. Em uma outra linha, relações entre a regulação do gene AHP1 em condições fisiológicas específicas com a de outros genes que codificam enzimas anti-oxidantes foram reveladas. Ahp1, em conjunto com as outras Prxs Tsa2 e Prx1 parece desempenhar um papel importante na defesa contra o estresse oxidativo em situações nas quais os peroxissomos estão ativos e não possuem catalase.
The incomplete reduction of oxygen to water during respiration results in the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), oxidizing compounds, which can generate severe cellular oxidative stress. Aerobic cells are equipped with a complex defense system to cope with this condition. Peroxiredoxins make up a family of antioxidant enzymes with the ability to remove hydroperoxides at the expense of a thiol-containing reducing agent, thereby protecting biomolecules from oxidative damage. Ahp1 and Tsa1 are the two most abundant peroxiredoxins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each one making up to 1% of the cellular soluble proteins. In this work, we carried out a biochemical characterization of some of Ahp1\'s properties, particularly of its substrate preferences and sensitivity to inactivation by hydroperoxides, which have been compared to those of Tsa1. In one approach, Ahp1 crystals were obtained and diffracted at 1.8A resolution. Several methods were unsuccessfully employed in the attempt to solve Ahp1 structure. On the other hand, the three-dimensional structure of Tsa1 was solved, aiming to correlate its functional properties with its spatial organization. In another part of the work, relations between the regulation of AHP1 and other Prx genes were revealed. Ahp1, together with Tsa2 and Prx1, appears to carry out an important role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress, in conditions where peroxisomes are active and devoid of catalase.

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This study of Transportation Security Administration’s Screening Passengers by Observation Techniques (SPOT) program analyzes the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and Office of Inspector General (OIG) recommendations for improvement, as well as strengths and weaknesses of the program not specifically addressed in previous assessments. Any analysis of SPOT must be robust, as it represents one of the few threat agnostic countermeasures not limited by technology and finite detection capabilities. The GAO has recommended Congress withhold funding from SPOT until further evidence of effectiveness can be produced. The first portion of this study revisits the analysis of GAO and OIG in their respective reports. The GAO audits rely on meta-analyses that suggest human lie detection is no more successful than flipping a coin. This study assesses those claims, and reveals some contextual and analytical limitations of the claims. The OIG report offers similar claims, but adds additional insight into critical strategic areas. The second portion of this study focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the SPOT program, including an analysis of several GAO and OIG conclusions. Many of the recommendations were operational in nature, and provided little strategic direction to improve the relevance, effectiveness, and credibility of the program. Analyzing strengths and weaknesses provides insight into more strategic recommendations that may improve the security value of SPOT.

Population III (Pop III) stars are the first generation stars forming after the big bang from primordial gas. This dissertation is focused on the various processes that suppress and delay the formation of Pop III stars in the universe and their implications for the observations. We studied the impacts of the Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation that dissociates molecular hydrogen, baryon-dark matter streaming velocity introduced at recombination, ionizing radiation from nearby galaxies, and a model for the composition of dark matter known as the fuzzy dark matter on the formation of Pop III stars. Firstly, we take a closer look at the critical halo mass (Mcrit) that is the typical minimum dark matter halo mass needed to host cold dense gas to form the first stars using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. LW radiation that dissociates molecular hydrogen and the baryon-dark matter streaming velocity both delay the formation of Pop III stars by increasing the critical halo mass. We describe our simulation suite with varying levels of LW radiation and streaming velocity to provide a fit for Mcrit as a function of LW radiation, streaming velocity, and redshift which can be used in semi-analytic models of early galaxy formation to make predictions for observations. Secondly, we explore a possible mechanism for the formation of large clusters of Pop III stars: a nearby ionizing source that ionizes a late forming halo, delaying its collapse until the halo is sufficiently large enough that the core can self-shield and suffer runaway collapse. We use numerical simulations to examine the fragmentation of the gas near the runaway collapse using the simple estimates and sink particles to show that the number of fragments is generally small, at most a handful, and that the mass accretion rate on the fragments is of order 10⁻³ Msun/yr. This rate is sufficiently high enough that the descent on the main sequence (and hence the suppression of accretion) is delayed until the stellar masses are of order 100-1000 Msun, but not high enough to produce direct collapse black holes of mass ~ 10⁵ Msun. The resulting clusters are larger than those produced in minihalos but are still likely to fall short of being easily detectable in James Webb Space Telescope blind fields. Finally, we investigate the formation of the first stars and galaxies in a fuzzy dark matter cosmology. Fuzzy dark matter, made up of ultra-light axions of mass ~ 10⁻²² eV, is a proposed alternative to the standard cold dark matter to solve its apparent small-scale problems. Its large de Broglie wavelength, of the order of kpc, results in the suppression of small-scale matter power, thus delaying the formation of the first stars and galaxies to lower redshift in much more massive halos. Therefore, first stars can be used to put very strong constraints on the mass of the fuzzy dark matter. We describe our cosmological simulations that accurately evolve the fuzzy dark matter distribution to study the formation of the first stars and galaxies.

碩士
華梵大學
東方人文思想研究所
97
Abstract Current essay is divided into six chapters, with the structure as following: Chapter 1 Introduction: Introducing the motivational factor of this particular investigative essay. The aim is to conduct a grand coordination and division, while arranging a unique personal summary of investigation learning, thoughts and methods. Chapter 2 The life and character of Tsao Tsao: Through historical information, illustrating Tsao Tsao’s character which has been created by the particular historical era and background. Exploring Tsao Tsao’s talent in appointing individuals, which has contributed to establishing the kingdom of the largest territory out of the realms during the Three Kingdoms Period. Chapter 3 The exploration and management of human resources: describing the how the valiant generals and famous scholars under Tsao Tsao had contributed to their master. The input of these prominent historical figures has added ineradicable merits to the later situation of country separation. During the critical moment, Tsao Tsao’s trust and management of talents was a major turning-point that has changed the circumstances of the country. Chapter 4 The relationship and interaction patterns between the master and his subjects: Tsao Tsao had employed different philosophy and experiences in accordance to the diversity in background and characters of his subjects. Whether it is sincerely treating each other, or operating under trickery, these different tactics and treatments had allowed his followers to develop and make use of their talents under the leadership of Tsao Tsao. This would demonstrate the relationship and patterns of interaction between the ruler and his subjects by referring to the records of historical development. Chapter 5 The comparison and analysis between the growth versus reduction of power of the Three Kingdoms as a result of human resource appointment and management: The olden saying states that gaining the hearts of citizen will lead to prosperity, whereas losing the trust of citizens will lead to death and failure. If one wants to rule the country successfully, it would be necessary to appoint those with talents in governing a country. This topic will be discussed in three different sections, separated into the beginning, middle and later eras of the Three Kingdom Period. Chapter 6 Conclusion: Concluding the investigation outcome of current essay, as well as summarising the influence upon future generations and value in analysis brought by Tsao Tsao’s philosophy of appointing talents and human resource management.

碩士
國立陽明大學
生化暨分子生物研究所
95
Fu-tsai is a traditional Hakkanese fermented mustard food in Taiwan. In addition to fu-tsai, mustard is also made into suan-tsai. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize and identify LAB in fu-tsai and suan-tsai. In this study, we characterized the lactic acid bacterial diversity via the identification of a total of 499 isolates. The isolates were divided into groups by RAPD-PCR and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA and representing 16 species of the genera Lactococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Enterococcus. Lb. plantarum, P. pentosaceus and Leu. citreum were the main LAB group during the initial fermentation time of fu-tsai. P. pentosaceus predominated later, whereas Lb. versmoldensis took the place of P. pentosaceus and became predominated after one year. Lb. namurensis was the most abundant during the fermentation time of suan-tsai.

碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
89
Abstract The Study of Tsar AlexanderⅠmainly explores the history of the whole life of the Russian Tsar Alexander Ⅰ(1801-1825). This article basically use the historical analysis method to describe and analysis the history from AlexanderⅠ’s birth(24 Dec 1777) until his death(26 Dec 1825), which covers his childhood, youth, and his behaviors after his ascended to the throne. And finally provides the explanation and analysis of the history about this period of time, and it’s influence for later history. Due to Catherine Ⅱ’s delicated education, AlexanderⅠwas the first tsar who had the enlightened thoughts and had dreams to reform Russia. But his behaviors were usually contradictory to his words. More than once he professed he was unsuitable for the exercise of power, yet he ascended to the throne in a bloody coup which involved the murder of Paul Ⅰ; He claimed to love constitutions, yet he failed to realize his ideal to implement the constitutional reform; He frequently expressed his abhorrence of serfdom, yet he did little to challenge this institution; He asserted that his only ambition is to promote the peace of the Europe, yet he fought not only with France, but also with Sweden and the Ottoman Empire. Historians usually explained the incongruities of his highly paradoxical reign by portraying Alexander as everything from scheming and insincere to idiotic to schizophrenic. In addition to this kind of explanation for his reign, This article aims at exploring the tsar’s personality and character more deeply and taking the outside constraints on his reign into consideration in order to analysis and explain the history of his lifetime more broadly. Through his lifetime, AlexanderⅠspent most of his time in domestic reforms and diplomatic affairs. After his coronation, he eagerly engaged in domestic reform. However, the difficulties he faced in domestic reforms and the oppressions from Napoleon gradually pushed him to turn away to diplomatic affairs. Until the temporary relief of Tilsit treaty, he proceeded to domestic reforms again. He appointed Mikhail Speransky as the state secretary, and ordered him to draft the plan of constitution. Due to a lot of reasons Speransky’s plan was canceled and the constitution reform was delayed again. In 1812, Russia faced the aggression oeagerly engaged in domestic reform. However, the difficulties he faced in domestic reforms and the oppressions from Napoleon gradually pushed him to turn away to diplomatic affairs. Until the temporary relief of Tilsit treaty, he proceeded to domestic reforms again. He appointed Mikhail Speransky as the state secretary, and ordered him to draft the plan of constitution. Due to a lot of reasons Speransky’s plan was canceled and eagerly engaged in domestic reform. However, the difficulties he faced in domestic reforms and the oppressions from Napoleon gradually pusArakachev to start oppressive and cruel rule until his death. Despite of his failure to fufill all the reforms, generally speaking, he still is a dominant figure in both Russian and European history in the nineteenth century. The construction of this article is as follows: The first chapter focuses on the tropics about motives and intentions of this study, study methods and construction, the article analysis and the study limits. The second chapter explores the background of AlexanderⅠ’s growth, which about the tropics of current situations of the end of 18 century, and the influence of Catherine Ⅱ and Paul Ⅰ on the growth of AlexanderⅠ. The third chapter explores the tropics about the domestic reforms which include the serfs question, the constitutional reform, and other reforms about economy and education. The fourth chapter explores the diplomatic and military behaviors of AlexanderⅠ, which includes the tropics of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia, the Vienna conference, the European settlement, the Quadruple Alliance and the Holly Alliance. The fifth chapter explores the last years of AlexanderⅠ’s rule, and provide the full analysis and overview. The sixth chapter is conclusion.

碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
戲劇學系表演藝術碩士班
101
The aim of this study is to explore the content and meanings of concert. Using Jolin Tsai’s “My Self” concert as an example, this study discusses how the theme of the concert is designed, how the image of Jolin Tsai is created, moreover, how the program is presented in the concert. Participating in person as an audience in the concert, the researcher observed the live performance and analyzed the collected evidences. Through such methodology, it is suggested that certain image of the singer and expectation of the concert is in fact already built up – via channels like commercial publicity, fan club activities and so on – before the actual performance. The theme of the concert is gradually outlined through the performing materials such as repertoire, lyrics, dance, costume, staging lightening and talks from the singer. The program of the concert is constructed with a clear intention: to lead audience to follow the theme and find that image of the singer and expectation of the concert fulfilled. It is noticed that the style of the performing is influenced significantly by MV, especially when dancing music is delivered – for body gestures and movements are usually deeply involved in dancing music in MV. It is also discovered in this study that in order to present the concept of the theme, many elements of “My Self” concert are re-created purposely, such as rearrangement of songs, adaption of dance, reproduction of staging and costuming from MV, etc., which all represent and interpret the meanings of the concert. From this point of view, one can suggests that a concert is not only a performance of repertoire, but more like a new production of creation.

碩士
國立中山大學
中國文學系研究所
101
Li–Tsai, is a important person of the rationalism in the Middle and late Ming Dynasty. After middle Ming Dynasty, conscience lost the practice of the early aims. People to save the drawback of the Wang''s descendants, have filed a new theory to correct the decadent atmosphere, one of the governance drawback of the descendants is the Substance of Nature to be raised. They not only integrate of both Chu''s and Wang''s though, also according to personal thinking of moral theories to breakthrough the new and review Wang''s criterion, also to breakthrough Chu''s doctrine system of limitations. Transfer of the Substance of Nature ideologue on the moral principles to chien– lo establishing leave Wang''s category, appear to the moral theories by the Substance of Mind were turned to Substance of Nature of the rationalism in the late Ming Dynasty, and reflect the complex intertwined politics and society of the current situation and academic thought depravity seeking new response of Late Ming Dynasty. chien– lo according to Great Learning propose the doctrine of chih – hsiu, mind、conscience of Wang''s though are classified as acquired,and classified the mind as Substance of Nature headed by the system. Unlike Wang''s study of mind, is the ontological basis and cause Tong–Lin resonance for the rescue Wang''s correction movement in the positive direction of the late Ming Dynasty.The scholar of Substance of Nature headed are integrate of both Chu''s and Wang''s though , relies their own thinking of the founding the current situation and academic atmosphere to a new way, and, indirectly, reflect the pulse of the academic atmosphere of the Late Ming Dynasty. Li chien– lo stand in it , the chih–hsiu theory has its leading role in the academic trend of the late Ming.

碩士
台南應用科技大學
美術系碩士班
106
Release—Chen-Yen Tsai Print Creation Graduate：Chen-Yen Tsai Adviser：Yue-Shang Hwang Graduate Program in Fine Arts， Tainan University of Technology ABSTRACT From the dialogue and thinking of the research creation, the researchers are continuously in the search of the answer of creation. It is made through the creation of etcher and then uses the work to present the results of the study. People are searching for themselves, and they are searching for themselves in the art world through stories, life, fantasy, and experience. As an indigenous people have the solitary color of the mountains, he or she may feel surrounded by the solitude in coming to the city. As we talk to and share with others, this suggests that there are many selves in the heart, which begins with the dialogue that I intend to suggest. Thinking is the thinking path produced by the continuous creation. The research motiv of the study intends to suggest a thinking towards the thinking of the art of the self. In the process of the study, we can see the tolerance of the epoch toward the art of the self. The framework and purpose of the research demonstrates the results obtained through the continuous creation. Chapter Two examines the relevant theory and practice of arts through the abstract painting and Jean Dubuffet; examines the abstract linkage with paintings, Willem de Kooning, and works. It is made through continuous creation that researches the works of the self, and it reflects a kind of art linkage of the return. It is, too, a yelling of “Who I am” in the art world. Chapter Three studies the context and the idea in order to speak through the work. From the thinking and accumulation of the study of the work to the color representation of the research work, the study extends a self-interpretation of the work. Chapter Four studies the analysis and interpretation of the works, which are the learning spirit of the creator’s practice. Chapter Five examines the analysis of the works, which serves as the answer of the continuous creation. From the dialogue and thinking of the research creation, the researchers are continuously in the search of the answer of creation. The end of the study is to discover the self of this moment, that is, the existence in the field of arts. This is what the researcher repeatedly intends to study and prove. Keywords: abstract painting, Jean Dubuffet, iconology, Willem de Kooning

碩士
東海大學
音樂系
107
L. v. Beethoven Sonata in A Major, Op. 2, No. 2 L. v. Beethoven 32 Variations in C Minor, WoO 80 F. Chopin 3 Mazurkas, op. 59 F. Chopin Polonaise in A-flat Major, op. 61, “Polonaise-fantasie”

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
跨領域藝術研究所
102
The core of the photography work is to understand what self ideology represents and how we express reflexive reading in another way. Its substantial narrative scenes lay down on my own marital experience in order to review the true meanings of roles of self gender.This photography production not merely presents its visual contents but conveys a concept of the ways that photography pieces technically describe circumstances of an act or an event. The photography work, finished by means of Fabricated Photography, Images Juxtaposition, and Virtual Scene Synthetic System, films out males' subjective viewpoints on female body, as the discussed subject of this photography work. Under the reference to Yve Lomax's juxtaposition works, diverse pictures are arranged in juxtaposition in a virtual exhibition gallery with the help of image synthesis. For one thing, different collocated image pieces can be harmoniously allocated in their respective places; for another, the exhibition space can be a mechanism of photographic reflexive reading. By reflecting on differences and distinctiveness of opposite genders during the shooting process, the creator perceives the conveyances of female dynamic role contrary to the statements of traditional women being examined. The female subject presents a strong feeling of demonstrative subjectiveness, not just an object being shot. In addition, image juxtaposition eliminates subjective image significance, forming another new meaning of in-between images. The virtual exhibition area displaying a context of being read creates another photographic context of reality and simulation: self being confronted with two-way interfaces, which means how self reviews the inward in the opposite way and develops a self as a way of reflexive reading.The result of this photography demonstration comes out: it is not easy to separate a reader's virtual reading from self image, and the contextual provocativeness needs to contain a larger issue symbol if photographic reading works as an act of reflexive examination, with the photography framework made up of visual creation and readers' experiences. The extensive deliberation of this displaying creative production falls on the connection of virtuality and photography.

碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
美術學系版畫藝術碩士班
105
In this essay, I recon myself as the starting point. During 2014 – 2016, the first year of graduate school, my works continued the creation style inherited from university, to elaborate the mind-set with colorful print. At second year, I started to demonstrate the life surroundings and tour scenes with massive sketch and copper etching. In the creation process, I got to discover more about myself, the environment and the relationships among people. The discourse has been divided into five chapters. First chapter: research of self-creation thread and motives. Second chapter: discussion of the artists that have influenced my concepts of creation, such as Pierre Bonnard （1867 -1947）, Cheng-po, Chen （1895-1947）, and Henri Matisse （1869-1954） , Edouard Vuillard（1868-1940）; also, the literature works that have influenced me drastically. They all have one thing in common, that is to emphasize and convey the daily life details and context, and let the audience feel the same atmosphere. Third chapter: elaboration of my work format and media. Fourth chapter: interpretation of work, to gradually analyze the work and its concepts. Fifth chapter: conclusion, to sum up for this essay.

碩士
臺北市立大學
視覺藝術學系
105
The main concept of the discourse is concerning “Life imprinting”. The discussion is mainly on author's lifetime experiences and printmaking creations. Because of being born in Taiwan, the author has been deeply influenced by the beauty of Taiwan primitive art. The series of “Mysterious power” embedded the specific images from the aboriginal culture. Furthermore, the creations of “Life” series, the author went deeper into her personal life experiences. The concepts of “Watch over your life” and “My mother” series were all derived from the old photographs of my family. Through the process of inner reflection as well as skills adjustment, the author transformed the old photographs into art creations via printmaking. The discourse aims to discover the meaning and value of a human being and look forward to bringing the abundant humanities cultivation in art into the children's education in the elementary school where the author teaches. This discourse includes the following chapters: Chapter 1 Introduction: This chapter contains the motivation, purpose, creation methods and structure as well as related terminologies. Chapter 2 Literature review: This chapter discusses the theoretical basis such as Bergson's Impulse of Life, Jung's concept of Collective Subconscious, Roland's Symbol Aesthetics, Dewey's Aesthetic Experience, modern printmaking along with minority printmaking as creation supplement that the author had drawn upon. Chapter 3 Creation practice: Based on primary theoretical basis and relevant concepts, the content, format, materials and techniques of the art series were structured. Chapter 4 Interpretation of the creation: This chapter analyzed the perspectives, format, techniques and the education aspects of the creation. Chapter 5 Conclusion: This section summarized all the main results in this discourse and the implications for further research.

碩士
東吳大學
歷史學系
98
The establish and extinct of Tsao-wei is related to the attitude of shih-tsu（士族）.After the decline and fall of Han dynasty, making a ideal regime of shih-tsu is a primary question.This study researched the relationship between shih-tsu and Tsao-wei , trying to figure out the relationship between the extinct of Tsao-wei and establish of ideal regime of shih-tsu.

碩士
明道大學
國學研究所
98
Mr. Cao Wei-Chu was the researcher’s principal in National Cingshuei Senior High School. A leading educator with notable values and aspirations, Cao dedicated himself to motivate students and encourage the young. Since his youth, he had been nurtured with Chinese calligraphy and painting. In the company of his artistic talents, Cao was highly regarded as a pastoral painter and a lyric painter of Chinese ink and wash painting in the art world. Principal Cao guided teachers and students through art education in the school. He shaped students’ ethics and influenced those taking interest in calligraphy and painting, as myself, with his lifetime pursuit of arts. Nowadays many accomplished mid-generation artists are alumni of National Cingshuei Senior High School. I conclude it is all creditable to Principal Cao for his impetus of art education then. After graduating from Department of Business Administration, National Chung Hsing University, I began to pursue public office. During my decade-long service as Director-general of Taichung County Cultural Affairs Bureau, I have continually promoted various art and cultural activities, endeavoring to inspire public through cultural development and improve general social conduct. A great part of it owes to Principal Cao’s bearing and influence. The principal has left us nearly for thirty years; his doctrines have yet to fade. However, I’ve growing further apart from relevant intellectuals over years. Among the educational or the cultural community, esteemed seniors in connection with Principal Cao have been gradually declining. It is increasingly difficult to gather firsthand information from field study interviews. The remaining are few disciples, such as I, who feel compelled to glorify and preserve the precursors’ effort and works. In recent years, I have been committed to collect and organize the principal’s calligraphies, paintings and artifact records during his lifetime. Based on the existing documents, I have conducted a research of, and re-presented the world with, the artistic achievements of Cao Wei-Chu, an artist as well as an educator. Cao Wei-Chu aficionados can indulge in his pastoral landscapes and lyric style. As for individuals who are aware of preserving contemporary Chinese culture, this ought to be a research subject with profound significance. Certainly, Principal Cao not only attained in Chinese ink and wash painting, but also in calligraphy. His private tutor Cao Bei-Hai (courtesy name Xi-I), an erudite scholar in Qing Dynasty, was a well-recognized calligrapher who studied calligraphy in depth. Benefiting from the exceptional teaching of Mr. Xi-I, Mr. Wei-Chu progressed considerably in writing and calligraphy within a year, and also built up a solid foundation of brush and ink painting. Cao strived to study calligraphy, and became proficient at standard, cursive, clerical and seal script styles, especially at seal and clerical scripts. Even at an old age, before he passed, he still exercised unrelentingly through copying models of calligraphy. Although he modestly claimed that painting was simple whilst calligraphy was difficult; and he was unable to develop a style of his own yet with a lifetime of practice. From his published works, nevertheless, we can witness his righteous passion and sense of mission for advocating calligraphy education. He exhibited expertise throughout calligraphy theories, overviews of calligraphy styles and descriptions of the Han dynasty steles. From his calligraphy-related works, one can find demonstrations along side with textual research and explanation essays, which showcase Principal Cao’s extensive comprehension in the associated fields. As a calligraphy enthusiast, I’m driven to explore it further. Therefore I forgo the aspect of Cao as a renowned Chinese painter and his paintings. This research dissertation is centered on what I have learned in Art of Calligraphy Section, Institute of Chinese Studies in Mingdao University, the very related phenomenon of Cao Wei-Chu’s calligraphy. Valuable opinions and suggestions from professors and precursors are awaited with anticipation

碩士
國立臺南大學
國語文學系碩士班
100
Tsai Wen-Chang’s written works in prose are rooted on his hometown, Gang-Shan, which is the origin of what he depicts about the transforming agricultural society. Concerning himself with every aspect of this land, Taiwan, and its people, he is positive that there were prosperous developments during last few decades in Taiwan. But, meanwhile, he witnesses the damaging ecosystem, polluting environment, and the falling-apart historic spots. Despite his regrets over the loss, he writes down his claims and concerns in a sensitive and peace tone of voice. His written works allow us to track down the developing stages of agricultural society in Taiwan, where you can recall the warm affection in the family and the familiar generosity in the relationship. What he describes about his hometown, Gang-Shan and Xiao-Lin village in Jia-Xian, becomes important documents for landscape literature. What he writes about the agricultural society inspires people with memories and appreciations towards this homeland, and makes people grateful to it. All these assist in arousing concerns for the ecosystem and preserving the environment of this island, Formosa, Taiwan, while we benefit from the civilization. This paper researches into thirteen published prose collections by author, Tsai Wen-Chang. The content is divided into six chapters; Chapter one: stating motivations and goals of research, followed by discussing documents, determining research approaches and steps, and at last settling on the extent of the research. Chapter two: biobibliography of the author. Chapter tree: discussing what is embedded in his written works— the affections within people, relationships in family, between husband and wife, between teachers and students, and friendships. Chapter four: discussing affections towards homeland, embedded in his written works—local figures, customs, tidbits, and countryside landscape. Chapter five: discussing the cares about society, embedded in his written works—concerns about ecosystem preservation, historic spots and documentations, as well as concerns for literature. Chapter six(conclusion): concluding this research with the exact value of Tsai Wen-Chang’s written works in prose, and addressing what is not achieved in this research paper.

碩士
台南應用科技大學
美術系碩士班
106
In this analysis, there are various aspects to the concept of “space”. It can represent the abstract space of the inner world. It can also represent the process of exploring actual space when creating three-dimensional sculptures. The internal and external relations of space correspond to the relationship between the inner thoughts of the individual and the external environment. The reality and the ideal cannot both exist. People can choose to escape from oppressive city life. However, since there are many things that cannot be set aside, people are trapped in the city. To me, the city’s high-rise buildings represent a depressing and inescapable state. I made the doors, windows, and stairs of city structures more prominent. I then used these altered structures in my works to explore the relationship between my inner world and the outside world. The window is the most important image because it is able to directly connect inside and outside space. The interaction between external environment and inner feelings inspired every piece. In this analysis, clay is used to produce creative works. Unlike most clay products, which are glazed, my creations are only partially glazed, reducing excess colors and highlighting the appearance of the sculptures in three-dimensional space. Reality depends entirely on the way we look at things. In relating to the outside world, I felt trapped. Every time I create something, I asked myself questions. Through in-depth creative analysis, I discovered the inner thoughts that are hidden behind my work. After examining all the works discussed in this analysis, all life’s difficulties are resolved. Only by truly understanding oneself can one calmly accept all life’s difficult choices.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
美術學系
100
Abstract I have studied arts since I was a senior high school student. At that time, I was enthusiastic about revealing my painting skill. After studying in the college, I realized that creation is not only to show the forms of beauty, but to question why we paint and why we create. In the graduate school, I looked back on my course of composition and discovered that “self” is the main element in my artwork. Life experiences are always my creating motive. I combine them with my external perception and internal thinking, trying to record and analyze myself. Like “the Eight Consciousnesses” in Buddhism, it deconstructs our reception and perception, also explains our purpose of existence. The theory inspired me to explore myself in my artwork, and to generalize a conclusion from my context. Firstly, I express the feelings toward my hometown with the five consciousnesses from Buddhism (sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch). Secondly, I presented the mood from being in love, to marriage and childbirth. Thirdly, as a teacher, I tried to relocate myself from the interaction with my students, in order to prove my existence and influence. Finally, to explore the real me and return to the subject of life, also to form myself with the minimal substance; then I can regenerate myself in the circulation.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
美術學系
101
This essay is about the track of the writer's creative work and the exhibition from 2009 to 2013 and the most recent creative work " Greenhouse Anima". The writer used spoiled animal as a metaphor for his student career. Throughout these past few years, the writer has experienced the pain of family's loss and a lot of frustration from the daily life, the skulls in his works represent those frustration. By using those digital pictures and "painted-on design" of the animal, skulls, the writer has express his feeling and his thoughts about the life. The first Chapter is talking about how to visualize his student career as a spoiled animal. The second chapter, by using the concept of the modern art, to make his work different from the other's. The third chapter, by analyzing my own works, to make a self-examination. The fourth chapter is talking about the concept and the progression of these works, and the conversation between the viewer and the artist, to make sure that the viewer can understand the concept of works. The final chapter, by examining my past works, to find out good and bad of my works and moving forward to my next step.

碩士
國立臺北藝術大學
美術學系碩士班創作組
104
This essay is to expound the works that I created during 2012 ~2016. For the idea of my works constantly changes, it seems, there is no existed framework and norm to illustrate these past works. Thus, from the Preface to relate my imagination onto these works, there are primarily consisted of four major essentials respectively as Author, Working Object, Environment, and Audience. In the text, I would like to explore the said work in the first place, then, through the creating process to discuss and explore relevant issues, so as to present a perception of integral context for readers to experience my thinking process and circulating status in the duration of creations. “Chapter One” is to state my central ideas at the outset and introduce the conception of each related work, and to discuss those works derived from the said concept. It can be divided into four major creating subjects respectively as the “Environmental Relationship”, “Existence Observation”, “Hidden Routine”, and the “Pottery Contemplation” , transferring from the enlargement of sculpture shapes to the exploration of environment and human beings, seeking human position in the creation, regressing to daily living, then, re-exploring the technique possibilities. “Chapter Two” is to sort the aforesaid works, induce the common parts appeared in the creating motive, process and the exhibition, and interpret the conception produced in the product-producing process. According to my personal experience, I adopt the motive, process, and outlook to respond to the deceased life, the proceeding life, and the sustaining life, using the former three phases to comparing to the later three life states and turning it into the background of my works in this treatment. “Chapter Three” is aiming at the issue that I want to breakthrough; through the explanation of “Mind Molding”, “Material Myth”, “Working Objects and Environmental Space”, and “Reciprocation of Works and Audiences”, I do further explore and pursue the breakthrough and orientation of the artistic concept deriving from my works and creations. In conclusion, artistic creation has become one of the communicating forms amid the world and I, in addition to embody my observation and the mind-developing pose, and it also evolves into an instrument for me to expand the boundary of self-creation.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
語文與創作學系碩士班
105
The thesis will focus particularlly on how Tsai Ming Liang concentrated his personal history into art making instead of trying to put Tsai's into any kind of categories. I will discuss reasons why Tsai purposely left all the blanknesses in his camera movements and how he conveied his reminiscence in his images. There are lots of dancing fragments/ scenes in the works like The Hole and The Wayward Cloud owing to pay tributes to the old movie era Tsai involved in his own childhood. Due to the unique ways of shooting and all the above dancing scenes, I've observerd another way of appreciating Tsai's works. Feminist therotists in the twentieth century like Julia Kristeva contended against “male gaze”, which gives a new approach to reading Tsai Ming Liang due to the fact of Tsai's resistence to the traditional film theroies and strageties. During the 2014 exhibition Stray Dogs at the Musuem: Tsai Ming Liang Solo Exhibition, Tsai pracitced the imaginary musuem's idea by Aby Warburg. He gave the audience a brand new sphere reading movies, offering another blanknesses in the museum for the audience to really participate in the work of Stray Dogs. Instead of being only a spectator, everyone entering the museum became the real “be-holder”. They became one of the elemnets in Tsai's work. The musuem reflceted a “chora sphere” which is the essential idea Tsai created his art: connecting one's memories and inviting everyone to join his reminiscence. The exhibition, also his movies are the allegories of practing feminine summons. In reading Tsai's, we are not only re-present the begone primary sences, but we are parts of the processing elements in his chora. Tsai Ming Liang is one of the most significant movie makers in Taiwan's movie industry, yet he has been “abandoned” oft time due to his slowness and uncleaness. Spectators in Taiwan fail to understand him under the consequences of their inertia of watching movies. However, Tsai's drives and his purposes of creating art works are vivd after the analysis of my thesis. It gives a new way of reading Tsai Ming Liang by recollecting one's private experiences, in order to understand and involved in his intertexts and hypertexts, using a “female gaze”.

碩士
大葉大學
造形藝術學系碩士在職專班
95
ABSTRACT In this thesis, I would like to study my daily observations and appreciations from life. During the process of visualizing my mental images, I could not only explore the meaning of life but also look into my inner emotions, which can be treated as a strategy of auto-therapy. In my study, I adopt historical research method to explore how the cultural background of artists and the hardships which they encountered affect their works. Besides, philosophical and aesthetical research methods are helpful to clarify the researcher’s original thoughts that underpin the ideas of creation activity. Last but not least, I would like to apply the principles of artistic theory to analyze the process and results of my creation My main focus in this thesis is divided into five chapters. In my first chapter of my thesis, I give an introduction to narrates my research motivation, purpose, methods, range and limitations. In the second part of my thesis, it points out the theoretical foundation of creation, in which I intend to examine the significance of some professional terms. In addition, I focus on the attempt to investigate how the philosophy of life and modern artistic theory utilize their own expressive methods, color imagines and symbolic imagines to present their different views of life. In the third part of my thesis, it concentrates on the form and concept of my creation. In the fourth part of the thesis, the study is the analysis of works which can be divided into four series: landscape, still life, mental imagine and eternal life. I endeavor to interpret respectively the works from the following perspectives: the concept of creation, the content, the forms and the media. In conclusion, the introspection and expectation of the creator provide. Key Words : Mental image, Visual art, Expressionism, Auto-therapy, Historical research method

碩士
東吳大學
中國文學系
103
Chapter I “Introduction”: Jewel Tsai is a writer risen in the 1990’s.Recent research mostly suppose that Jewel Tsai’s writing focused on diet and cuisine , and ignore other phases of her prose. My thesis survey the meaning and value of the prose. The first chapter mainly illustrate the motive of research,achievements of other studies, methods of the study, presentation and composition. Chapter II:”The creative course of Jewel Tsai’s prose”, according to the study, her writing course could be divided into three periods. The first is “developing period”, writing context is composed of food and plant. In following period named “molt”, social observation and culture research had been brought into writing. The third is “mature period” Jewel Tsai start to embrace the different creative subject matter, that include nature, diet, cuisine and culture. Therefore her writing present the phase of intellectuality and perception. Jewel Tsai represent multi-feature of every period through enlightenment of nostalgia, pure and contented taste, presenting thesis, social responsibility, leisure spirit and multi-theme. Chapter III”Subject consciousness of Jewel Tsai’s prose”: Summarize her thoughts, emotions and content of theme, which include “The feeling of advocating nature” ,”Diet interest from nature” and ”multi-concern of culture”. Chapter IV”The art feature of Jewel Tsai’s prose”: She present abundant images with exuberant imagination, and catch reader’s eyes with new language. She makes the article possess unique personal characteristics with multivariate presentation and composition. Chapter V”Conclusion”: Summary of meaning and value, then endow Jewel Tsai’s prose with the important position that create new pattern.