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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Trees – symbolic aspects"
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Fahlander, Fredrik. "The Relational Life of Trees. Ontological Aspects of “Tree-Ness” in the Early Bronze Age of Northern Europe". Open Archaeology 4, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2018): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2018-0024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractDuring the Early Bronze Age in northern Europe, tree-like features appear in henges, burials, and rock art in ways that differ from earlier periods. Rather than investigating this phenomenon in symbolic or metaphorical terms, a concept of tree-ness is explored that focuses on the real constitution of trees and what trees actually do. It is suggested that the accentuation of tree-ness in Early Bronze Age ritual contexts can be related to an ontological shift in conjunction with emerging bronze technology in which different entities can merge or take advantage of each other’s generative properties.
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MILARÉ, CLAUDIA R., ANDRÉ C. P. DE L. F. DE CARVALHO e MARIA C. MONARD. "AN APPROACH TO EXPLAIN NEURAL NETWORKS USING SYMBOLIC ALGORITHMS". International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 02, n. 04 (dicembre 2002): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026802000695.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although Artificial Neural Networks have been satisfactorily employed in several problems, such as clustering, pattern recognition, dynamic systems control and prediction, they still suffer from significant limitations. One of them is that the induced concept representation is not usually comprehensible to humans. Several techniques have been suggested to extract meaningful knowledge from trained networks. This paper proposes the use of symbolic learning algorithms, commonly used by the Machine Learning community, such as C4.5, C4.5rules and CN2, to extract symbolic representations from trained networks. The approach proposed is similar to that used by the Trepan algorithm, which extracts symbolic representations, expressed as decision trees, from trained networks. Experimental results are presented and discussed in order to compare the knowledge extracted from Artificial Neural Networks using the proposed approach and the Trepan approach. Results are compared regarding two aspects: fidelity and comprehensibility.
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Barro, Susan, Paul Gobster, Herbert Schroeder e Stephen Bartram. "What Makes a Big Tree Special? Insights from the Chicagoland Treemendous Trees Program". Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 23, n. 6 (1 novembre 1997): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1997.037.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1995, a local version of the American Forests big trees program (Treemendous Trees) was initiated in the Chicago area by Openlands Project and the Morton Arboretum. In addition to the numerical information about tree sizes required on the nomination form, many participants attached notes and sometimes lengthy letters that detailed various aspects of the nominated trees. A qualitative analysis of these written materials identified a number of recurrent themes that sometimes went far beyond the physical size dimensions to describe aesthetic and functional values, and symbolic and emotional meanings. This information may help urban foresters better understand the breadth and depth of values people have for urban trees—particularly large ones. Results also have implications for obtaining more and better information from big tree programs, and for using these programs as vehicles for developing collaborative partnerships between urban foresters and citizens in knowledge discovery and sharing.
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Gascuel, Olivier, Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier, Gilles Caraux, Patrick Gallinari, Alain Guénoche, Yann Guermeur, Yves Lechevallier et al. "Twelve Numerical, Symbolic and Hybrid Supervised Classification Methods". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 12, n. 05 (agosto 1998): 517–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001498000336.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Supervised classification has already been the subject of numerous studies in the fields of Statistics, Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence under various appellations which include discriminant analysis, discrimination and concept learning. Many practical applications relating to this field have been developed. New methods have appeared in recent years, due to developments concerning Neural Networks and Machine Learning. These "hybrid" approaches share one common factor in that they combine symbolic and numerical aspects. The former are characterized by the representation of knowledge, the latter by the introduction of frequencies and probabilistic criteria. In the present study, we shall present a certain number of hybrid methods, conceived (or improved) by members of the SYMENU research group. These methods issue mainly from Machine Learning and from research on Classification Trees done in Statistics, and they may also be qualified as "rule-based". They shall be compared with other more classical approaches. This comparison will be based on a detailed description of each of the twelve methods envisaged, and on the results obtained concerning the "Waveform Recognition Problem" proposed by Breiman et al.,4 which is difficult for rule based approaches.
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Spanò, Igor. "Aśvattha and śamī. The Evolution of the Meanings of an Arboreal Couple in Indian Religious History". 'Ilu. Revista de Ciencias de las Religiones 28 (18 dicembre 2023): e85074. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/ilur.85074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article I will explore some mythological and ritual aspects related to a pair of trees, the aśvattha and the śamī. In India, since the time of the Vedic culture, these two trees have often been the protagonists of myths and rituals in which they are conceived of as a couple. In various contemporary religious contexts, one finds dendrolatric practices (vanaspatipūjā), which sometimes result in the celebration of actual tree marriages (vr̥kṣa vivāha), whereby trees grow by intertwining with each other. The aśvattha and the śamī, though in today's context separately, are also subject to dendrogamic practices. In particular, the aśvattha is subject to a gender-shift whereby in some contexts, though traditionally regarded as the male tree, it acquires a female role within the couple. This phenomenon finds a parallel in various myths and rituals handed down in the Vedic texts. In fact, the araṇis, that is, the two sticks that were rubbed together during the ritual of lighting the fire, were made from the wood of the two trees. The analysis of the symbolic values linked to the coupling of the two araṇis and the many variants that this motif generated allows us to highlight, on a mythical level, the emergence of a sexuality that is not necessarily heteronormative. These versions, in fact, lead us to reflect on an arboreal nature that alludes to a sexuality that bypasses and transcends the gender binary and accounts for the fluidity found in certain contemporary arboreal ‘marriages.
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Stampella, Pablo C., Daniela Alejandra Lambaré, Norma I. Hilgert e María Lelia Pochettino. "What the Iberian Conquest Bequeathed to Us: The Fruit Trees Introduced in Argentine Subtropic—Their History and Importance in Present Traditional Medicine". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/868394.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This contribution presents information about the history of introduction, establishment, and local appropriation of Eurasian fruit trees—species and varieties of the generaPrunusandCitrus—from 15th century in two rural areas of Northern Argentina. By means of an ethnobotanical and ethnohistorical approach, our study was aimed at analysing how this process influenced local medicine and the design of cultural landscape that they are still part of. As a first step, local diversity, knowledge, and management practices of these fruit tree species were surveyed. In a second moment, medicinal properties attributed to them were documented. A historical literature was consulted referring to different aspects on introduction of peaches and citric species into America and their uses in the past. The appropriation of these fruit-trees gave place to new applications and a particular status for introduced species that are seen as identitary and contribute to the definition of the communities and daily life landscapes. Besides, these plants, introduced in a relatively short period and with written record, allow the researcher to understand and to design landscape domestication, as a multidimensional result of physical, social, and symbolic environment.
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Sornsena, Surasak, Preechawut Apirating e Sipp Suksamran. "The Beliefs and Aesthetics of Isaan Heritage Trees". Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, n. 3 (10 maggio 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0072.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article is a part of a Doctoral Thesis titled “Isaan Heritage Tree: From the Belief and the Aesthetic to the Creation of Visual Arts,” with the objectives of studying the belief and the aesthetic that exist in the Isaan Heritage Tree using the qualitative method. The study’s target groups can be divided into three following groups: the experts, the practitioners, and the related people. The area of study is in the Isaan region. The region is divided into upper Isaan, mid-Isaan, and lower Isaan. The research tools consist of surveys, non-participatory observation, and structured and non-structured interviews. The data collected from documents and field data was analyzed using Aesthetic Theory and Symbolic Interactionism Theory and presented using descriptive analysis. The study results show that Isaan has a long history and development both in geography, the administration, society, the culture, and the migration of people who came to settle in the area from Luang Phrabang, Vientiane, and Champasak. This had caused the people and nation’s coming together and led to social management, which consists of regulations, religion, and belief. The beliefs of the Isaan people are connected to forest spirits, household spirits, or tree spirits. Five following characteristics of the Heritage Trees were also found: 1) The traditional beliefs related to the Heritage Trees of Isaan. 2) The new belief. 3) The beliefs that are connected to the locations. 4) The beliefs in the tree spirits whose identity and gender cannot be identified. 5) Auspicious and inauspicious beliefs. There are three aspects for the aesthetics: Aesthetic elements are the feeling of amazement due to the gigantic size filled with astonishment, mystery, and the fear of power. The interesting aspects of Art elements are the unity and relationship to the seasons, such as the Fall season, Rainy Season, and the blooming of flowers that contribute to the changes in the aesthetics changes. The visual art elements consist of six following components; bodies and shapes, lines, colors, textures, light and shadows, and area. It was found that the gigantic size and height cause amazements to the viewers. The physical lines of the Isaan Heritage trees were the lines along the trunks, the lines on the branches, and the lines that go along the leaves and flowers. There are different colors of the trunk, the leaves, and the flowers. The texture was rough, harsh, and the cracks follow the same directions as the trunk. There are botanical differences in the light and shadows of the heritage trees. As for the area, there are differences between the area of the heritage trees and the surrounding areas, as well as the differences within the Isaan Heritage Trees area.
Received: 25 January 2021 / Accepted: 31 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
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Cioancă, Costel. "Pentru o poetica a imaginarului: xilogeneza în basmul fantastic românesc". Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 35 (20 dicembre 2021): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2021.35.03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Configuring a certain form of life and a (different) image of the body-taken, the reason for the birth of a fairytale hero from a wood (xylogenesis), anchors the subject under discussion in an area of the mythical. The interpretive auspices given to wood/tree by archaic cultures, have positioned it almost invariably in the orderly symbolism of the centre (to the World). From the well -known cosmic tree of Old Testament mythology (the „tree of life”) to the famous Yggdrasil of Scandinavian mythology, not to mention the tree of enlightenment Bodhi Gaya, the symbolism of the centre-tree of the World (cosmic tree) is broadly the same. In the imaginary-memory cultural relationship aiming at researching the symbol- ism given to the tree/wood over time, the Romanian cultural space was no exception. We have archaeological references that convey the symbol of the sacred tree (fir tree) present on Dacian pottery; we have studies dedicated to the evolution of the symbolism of the cosmic tree on the traditional costume or to the „taking care” of a funerary tree, to the presence of the tree of life in the portals of some Saxon churches, to the motif of the tree of life in Romanian folk architecture etc. The documentation for this study revealed me, by consulting the anthologies of Romanian fairy tales, some interesting aspects taken for this reason at the level of the fantastic epic. None working mechanically, all reflecting the process of the archaic system of symbolic thinking: without immutable patterns, without refractory visions, but always with a symbolic nucleus in the deep layer of the epic. Considering the structural particularities, the coherence and the specificity of the motif approached in the present study, it must be said that at the level of the Romanian fantastic fairy tale we detected, besides the delimits and at the same time „revolves” around xylogenesis, with ontogenetically- different nuances: wearing wooden clothes or living in a tree to avoid incest, with the opening of the tree only through a magical invocation; heroes and/or animals with „name of a tree” but without having to deal with a proper xylogenesis; the passing away of fairytale characters as a result of some existential-human tragedies, in symbolic forms (metamorphosis in trees); varies. Keywords: imaginary, phenomenology, hermeneutics, Romanian fairytale, xylogenesis.
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Novikova, Natalia A. "The gotokaku leaf horn in iconography of japanese mandalas of Muromachi and Edo periods". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, n. 45 (2022): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/45/19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of this article is the imagery of gotokaku leaf horn, a rare musical instrument found on Japanese mandalas depicting Pure Land of Muromachi (1336-1573) and Edo (1603-1868) periods. It looks like a green tree leaf, folded in half and intertwined with a silk ribbon. Specialized studies on him in domestic and foreign literature have not been found. Artistic images of gotokaku are quite rare; associated with the “celestial music” motif, they usually placed in peripheral space of mandala. Bearing in mind that each composition element of Buddhist mandala is related to various aspects of practice, it seems very interesting to explore symbolic significance of this musical instrument within the context of some provisions of Amidism. The origin of the Pure Land school in China dates back to the Vth century. The imagery of paradise, the Pure Land of Buddha Amitabha, is crucial in Pure Land doctrine. It can be assumed that the symbolism of the musical instrument was associated with ideas about the melodious sound of “jewel-trees”, which, according to canonical texts, are grow in Amitabha's land. Ideas of Amidism were known in Japan in the Nara period (710-794), and during the Kamakura period (1185-1333) they became widespread. Traditional and the most complete form of the artistic representation of Amitabha's Pure Land in Japan has become Taima-mandala. The composition of Taima-mandala has a clear chain, and a large part of it is given to the sky motif. Over there, among the other instruments of the “celestial orchestra”, we can find an image of unusual musical instrument made from a leaf. Referring to Japanese compendiums on Buddhist iconography from the XVII-XVIII centuries, it was identified as gotokaku (梧桐角, Ch. wutong jiao) leaf horn. All the founded images were accompanied with a brief description in Chinese. The earliest Chinese text that mentions wutong jiao (梧桐角, Jap. gotokaku) is Wang Zhen's Nong Shu (Book of Agriculture, 1303); a schematic drawing of the instrument is given there, but it’s only remotely resembling gotokaku images on Japanese mandalas. Thus, it is not yet completely clear when and where the image of gotokaku appeared for the first time in the form which we find it on mandalas and in Japanese iconographic guidelines of the XVIIth-XVIIIth centuries. It is clear that the instrument had Chinese origin; Chinese literature sources refers to it as “ancient”. During the medieval times it was known as wutong jiao. There is a chance that different instruments with different methods of production and sound extraction were known under the same name in both countries.
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الاحمد, حنان. "النخلة مصدراً للرؤية في التصوير التشكيلي السعودي". Uruk Journal 15, n. 3-P1 (22 settembre 2022): 2010–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/uj05/022-15/2010-2031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The elements that surround the artist in his local environment is one of the important components that formed the art painting, the palm tree has an important value and eminent place in the Saudi environment, led to its presence in the Saudi Art as one of the vision sources with its aesthetic and symbolic connotations in the artistic expression. The research aimed to track the palm tree depiction in the Saudi painting, and highlight its meanings, and the artistic methods to utilize the palm tree in art painting and that’s by several aspects: the shape, the symbolism and the expressive side. The research outcome shows the depiction of palm tree started with the beginning of the Saudi Art with its pioneers, and it is still had eminent place as a distinguished visual element in the current Saudi painting, that indicates the Saudi artist awareness to the visual and symbolism values of the palm tree as it considered one of Saudi visual culture component, he painted it with a realistic style, reformulate it with different symbolisms and images in his artworks that goes beyond the direct image of the palm tree into visions that hold meanings and symbolisms that are attached to the artist feelings to express his identity, heritage, habits and traditions in paintings that have a sense of authenticity in a contemporary way.
Tesi sul tema "Trees – symbolic aspects"
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Hunt, Ailsa Gaynor. "Rooted in religion : the Roman sacred tree". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608102.
Testo completo
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Smith, Jonathan V. 1966. "The cross and the spiral : a contemplative model of human development for prayerful parenting". Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37320.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper outlines a model of human development to
help guide contemplative practice in parenting and
facilitate prayerful understanding of parent-child
development with a focus upon one's own parent-child
relationship.
The model draws from the tree of life symbolism
represented by the cross and the spiral and further
elaborated through symbolic interpretations of the seed,
root, stem, branch, leaf, and fruit. Contemplative prayer
is seen as a path of self-development that allows parents
to respond to children with goodness, love, wisdom, and
justice.Graduation date: 1992
Libri sul tema "Trees – symbolic aspects"
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Solness, Peter. Tree stories. Neutral Bay, N.S.W: Chapter & Verse, 1999.
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Li, Chunzi. Lao shu ren sheng: Zi ran yu ren wen de dui hua. Nantou Xian Jiji Zhen: Xing zheng yuan nong ye wei yuan hui te you sheng wu yan jiu bao yu zhong xin, 2009.
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Moor, Argo. Hingepuu: Vanade müütide jälgedes. Tartu: Elmatar, 1998.
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Hageneder, Fred. The heritage of trees: History, culture and wisdom. Edinburgh: Floris, 2001.
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Giovino, Mariana. The Assyrian sacred tree: A history of interpretations. Fribourg: Academic Press, 2007.
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Stone, Peter C. The untouchable tree: An illustrated guide to arboreal delights. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub., 2008.
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Johanna, Lehner, a cura di. Folklore and symbolism of flowers, plants, and trees. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 1990.
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Beechcombings: The narratives of trees. London: Vintage, 2008.
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Mussio, Maria Giovanna. L'albero e il sacro: Immagini e simboli tra Oriente e Occidente. Arcidosso (GR) [i.e. Grosseto, Italy]: Effigi, 2012.
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How to plant a tree: A simple celebration of trees & tree-planting ceremonies. Lewes: Ivy, 2010.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Trees – symbolic aspects"
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Tarau, Paul. "A Declarative Specification of Tree-Based Symbolic Arithmetic Computations". In Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, 273–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27694-1_20.
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Erikson, Philippe. "Myth and Material Culture: Matis Blowguns, Palm Trees, and Ancestor Spirits". In Beyond the Visible and the Material, 101–21. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244751.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In his stimulating paper ‘Myth and Material Culture: Some Symbolic Interrelations’, Peter Rivière (1969b) discusses the complementary distribution of blowguns and hair tubes among several Carib and Arawak peoples of southern Guyana and northern Brazil. His aim is ‘to show that other aspects of the respective cultures can be correlated with the absence or presence of the blowgun’ (p. 153), and to try ‘to indicate that the acceptance or rejection of a particular item may reflect and be reflected in a wider set of ideas’ (p. 163). Rivière’s paper also stresses the symbolical link between body ornaments and weapons, especially blowguns and hair tubes, both of which are ‘not simply technical or aesthetic objects but also some sort of energy transformers’ (p. 157).
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Van de Noort, Robert. "Conclusions: a maritime biography". In North Sea Archaeologies. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199566204.003.0015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of writing this book was to explore aspects of human behaviour that have been, to varying extents, disregarded, overlooked, or ignored in terrestrial-dominated archaeology to date. Recognizing that the sea ‘is good to think’, it was envisaged that an exploration of North Sea archaeologies could launch something of a ‘maritime turn’. This final chapter considers the broad themes of the human past that have been enlightened through this study, and questions if and how these can be reproduced in land-based research. Five interrelated themes are presented here: the essence of nature–society interrelationships, the attribution of forms of agency to inanimate objects, deviant spaces, the essence of travelling long distances—including the skills and knowledge required for this—and finally, how the sea contributes to shaping social identities. The relationship that people had with their environment, or nature–society interrelationships, is fundamental to archaeological research on land and at sea. Explicitly or implicitly, terrestrial archaeology presents us with something of an irreversible progression towards ‘encultured’ landscapes—narratives wherein the land becomes increasingly less natural and more cultural (see chapter 2). In much of Europe, the ‘enculturation’ of the world started back in the Post-glacial. It continued throughout the Mesolithic, with the creation of paths through, and clearances within, otherwise natural landscapes. In the Neolithic, ‘enculturation’ took place through deforestation, and through the apportioning of symbolic significance to natural features and the construction of monuments relating to these. By the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age, large tracts of land were being accommodated to the needs of humans through the creation of field systems and settlements, producing ‘cultural landscapes’. From the middle Bronze Age onwards, according to accepted land-based archaeological thinking, it would appear that nature played at best a minor role, limited to the impact of climate and weather on the crops being cultivated. The study of the North Sea has fundamentally challenged the nature–culture dichotomy. The concept of ‘enculturation’ places Homo sapiens centre stage in a changing world, but underestimates the role played by the sea and rivers, as well as animals, trees, and plants, as important co-constructors of landscape.
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Nugteren, Albertina. "Wood, Water, and Waste: Material Aspects of Mortuary Practices in South Asia". In Roots of Wisdom, Branches of Devotion: Plant Life in South Asian Traditions, 118–41. Equinox Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/equinox.30833.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Albertina Nugteren’s chapter, which brings the second section to conclusion, maintains a focus on ecology but privileges an analysis of tradition and ritual praxis, namely the burning of bodies as part of the final sacrifice (antyeṣṭi). By relating prescriptive Sanskrit texts to fieldwork conducted in Nepal, the author explores the centrality of fire in Hindu funerary rites, the ongoing insistence on open pyres, and the religious symbolism investing in trees. The staggering quantity of dry wood required for such practices – preferably even enriched with rare woods such as sandalwood – is being challenged by today’s environmental realities, yet emerging alternatives such as electric crematoria are largely seen as clashing with a consolidated tradition.
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Schroeder, Jeanne L. "The Interpreter, the Scientist, and the Analyst". In Administering Interpretation, 38–53. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823283798.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stanley Fish and Bernhard Schlink agree that there can be no rule for finding a correct legal interpretation. Each, however, offers a negative rule to recognize incorrect interpretations. Schlink asserts that incorrect interpretations can be eliminated through the scientific method of falsification. Fish claims that any interpretation not concerned with the author’s state of mind must be rejected. Unfortunately, Fish’s insistence on authorial intent could be read as downplaying the role of the interpreter. Although interpretation is objective in that it involves the examination of an object, it is not merely objective. Communication is collaboration; interpretation needs an interpreter. It is intersubjective. But interpretation cannot be relegated entirely to the intersubjective “symbolic” order where language and law is located. The symbolic can never be disentangled from the orders of the “imaginary” and the “real” that are its logical boundaries. Interpretation has a subjective aspect because it requires the creative act of the interpreter’s imagination. Schlink recognizes that a subjective moment of hypothesis formation is essential to interpretation but tries to distinguish it from a subsequent objective or intersubjective testing process. There is no rule that can disprove our legal interpretations. This is why judging is always a moral act.
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Filitova, Olga. "PHYTONIMICAL VOCABULARY IN MILITARY STORIES OF K. PAUSTOVSKY". In Creative Heritage of Konstantin Paustovsky in the XXI century. Volume 2, 99–112. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3513.paustovsky_v2/99-112.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with the features of phytonymic vocabulary in several military stories of K. G. Paustovsky. The studied vocabulary occupies an exceptionally important place in the military works of Soviet writers, including Paustovsky. Despite the significance of the interpretation of phytonyms for an adequate understanding of the ideological content of the writer’s texts, this aspect of his work still remains little explored. The importance of phytonymic vocabulary is evidenced, in particular, by the fact that in the stories of Paustovsky wartime, the whole variety of phytonyms is used: the names of trees (birch, linden, willow, oak, etc.), herbs (chamomile, mint, nettle, etc.), parts of plants (leaf, branch), their communities (garden, grove, forest, etc.). The most prominent place in the works of the war years is given to the first and fourth groups. Analysis of phytonyms in military stories by Paustovsky allows us to conclude that their symbolism is connected with Slavic folk traditions, Christianity and European culture.
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Quinn, Akiva, e Nick Porter. "ICE Annotation Tools". In Comparing English Worldwide, 65–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198235828.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A key aspect of the International Corpus of English (ICE) is the detailed linguistic annotation it contains. Providing annotations for textual features, word classes, syntactic categories, and functions allows comparisons to be conducted along many axes. Transforming a raw input file into a properly annotated text can involve much work, so software tools have been developed to keep this effort to a minimum. This paper describes three programs produced by the Survey of English Usage for machine-assisted annotation. The Markup Assistant automates the insertion of textual markup, generating ICE markup symbols at a single key press and ensuring that markup symbols are closed. The ICE Tag Selection System automates the selection from the alternative word-class tags generated by an automatic word-class tagger. The ICE Syntactic Marking System automates the addition of syntactic markers to texts prior to parsing by an automatic parser. The ICE Syntactic Tree annotator complements automatic parsing by providing a graphical environment for the manual editing of syntactic analyses.
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Hultgård, Anders. "The Ragnarök Myth—Distinctive Features and Origins". In The End of the World in Scandinavian Mythology, 374—C9.P189. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192867254.003.0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Comparative analyses show the distinctive character of the Ragnarök myth. Christian medieval texts in the vernacular reveal an influence of ancient Scandinavian concepts. Conversely, Christianity has left some imprints on the myth during its medieval transmission. Stanza 65 of the Vǫluspá is comprehensively discussed. The origins of the Ragnarök myth are dealt with, particularly in comparison with Iranian traditions. The theme of the cosmic tree is important. In both Scandinavian and Iranian mythology the tree is a symbol of the world in its temporal as well as spatial aspect. Further striking similarities include the idea of heavenly warriors awaiting the final battle and the conception of the renewal of the world as a ritual. The importance of the number ‘nine’ is prominent in both religions. This marks them off from other traditions, especially those with roots in the Middle East where the number ‘seven’ dominates. It is concluded that the roots of the Ragnarök myth lie far back in time. The correspondences with Iranian mythology suggest a common Indo-European background.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Trees – symbolic aspects"
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Malcoci, Vitalie. "Semantic approaches of rural architectural decor from the south of Moldova". In Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Traditional artistic creation, manifested through customs, traditions, folklore, is the basic substratum of the knowledge about a civilisation and its culture. Th roughout the entire process of its constitution, the Romanian people produced a huge substratum of archaeological cultures and mythic-folkloric structures that constitute the essence of folk creation. Folk architecture is one of the most impressive material forms from the past of any civilization. Evolving over time, it shaped some of the traditions and practices in peasant constructions, in the evolution of architectural forms, and the development of ornament and architectural decoration. Th e issue addressed refers to the plastic language of universal motifs, which are deeply rooted in Romanian culture and which contain messages encoded in a string of symbolic connotations. It involves deciphering the message and interpreting the symbolic meaning of the Tree of Life, some aspects of the solar cult, symbols as images of the world and of the universe, and the multiple representations that are part of the animal iconography repertoire.
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Chirila, Ciprianbogdan, e Oanasorina Chirila. "THE DATA STRUCTURES FOR E-LEARNING (DSEL) PLATFORM". In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-176.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Auto-Generative Learning Objects (AGLO) are reusable learning templates that can be instantiated with content based on random numbers. The templates are filled with content generated automatically by metaprogramming. The DSEL platform is a web application that processes the AGLO templates and generates interactive HTML content for the students. The platform includes user authentication based on Google, Facebook and Yahoo in order to avoid creating new credentials. Each HTTP session is stored in the database in order to analyze the progress of the learning process for each student. The DSEL platform processes the evaluation of symbols and then replaces the content of HTML. The symbols may have text values or SVG (Scalar Vector Graphics) content. The platform is responsible for processing the interaction between student and the correct answer. It evaluates the student answer by comparing it to the computed answer. Another aspect of the interaction is about selecting the right feedback to be shown to the student based on the given answer. The DSEL platform manages the persistance of the students interactions. Since the HTML content is dynamically generated each symbol is posted in a MySql database through a PHP persistance module. The navigation on the AGLO objects hierarchy tree is monitorized and stored in the database. Each visit to an AGLO and its generated content is stored in the database to be further investigated. The result of the student answer evaluation is stored in the database too. The learning progress is showed in a web page for each user and globally for the administrator. The platform is prepared to be evaluated for two disciplines namely, Data Structures and Algorithms and Algorithm Design and Analysis. As perspective, we intent to implement an analytics module to gather conclusions from the AGLO learning approach.
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Chiseliţă, Vasile. "Th e repertoire of the performer Nina Ermurachi in the “Folclor” orchestra: dominant categories and aesthetic trends". In Conferința științifică internațională Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare. Ediția XIV. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/pc22.25.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Th e study ”Th e repertoire of the performer Nina Ermurachi in the Folclor orchestra: dominant categories and aesthetic trends” addresses some methodological and epistemological aspects of the theme, designed as a preliminary stage of a wider research on the contribution of the professional folk orchestra “Folclor” in the work of cultural patrimonialization on the platform of neo-traditional art from the late Soviet period (1960-1980). Th e focus is on elucidating the heuristic relevance of some seminal notions from cultural studies theory. Th e author tries to argue the complexity, multiplicity and plurivalence of aspects related to aesthetics, ideology, social base, semantic universe, expressive and typological structures in the repertoire and vocal art of the soloist Nina Ermurachi. Full-time employee of the orchestra for over 37 years, the artist got the most out of around 180 songs in neo-traditional style, a solid and important musical heritage in the form of audiovisual recordings, included in the fund of IPNA Company “Teleradio-Moldova”. Starting from Cliff ord Geertz’s suggestions, two strategic typological categories are delimited in the artist’s repertoire, which symbolize the hegemonic force of two great directions or layers in the patrimonialization process: 1) creations grouped around the idea of national ethos and 2) creations centered on the “new, socialist vision”.
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Bian, Bo. "The application of micro-regeneration strategy in urban renewal in norther Lima, Perù". In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rwbv2921.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lima, the capital city of Peru, is situated within the country's desert region on the Pacific coast and bordered by the Andes Mountains to the East. It is one of the most fast developing city shifting from both formal and informal urban construction. While traditional renewal model and strategy cannot deal with new situation and complex urban problems of this mega city due to its inner and outer contradictions and complexity. This paper analyses the current situation of San Martin de Porres, a typical district in the northern part of the city, which grew towards the Chillon river corridor mainly during the second half of the twentieth century. It conducts investigation and analysis on the current situation related to social, economy and infrastructure system in this district. It shows that from the perspective of planning and design, urban scale top-down interventions have little positive impact on individual realities. On the opposite, much of the society's knowledge and useful space are created by the residents' active behaviour and informal activities, which belong to the bottomup strategy, and they provide the source for urban vitality. Based on the above content, the paper puts forward the micro-regeneration strategy based on the theory of organic renewal and daily life, which mainly includes three aspects: urban catalysts, space design and corporate mechanism construction. The paper investigate different potential urban catalysts based on the feature of different functional space. It includes the most symbolic area that the latter design would applied to the whole province practically. Space design consists of four aspects: riverbank reuse, street renovation, community building and neighbourhood space transformation. The paper introduces community-based organization and governmental structure based on current top-down model and residents' activities in order to push on the practical work that all the other area could follow. It tries to stimulate the improvement of the current situation and hopes to provide a new mode for the development of this mega city and similar practice
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Chen, Xiaofei. "Spatial Structure in Chinese and Japanese Cities: A Comparative Study of the Supergrid and Superblock Structure". In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.4555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Title: Spatial Structure in Chinese and Japanese Cities: A Comparative Study of the Supergrid and Superblock StructureAuthor Name: Xiao Fei Chen Affiliation: Faculty of Architecture Design and Planning, The University of Sydney Address: The Wilkinson Bldg G04, 148 City Rd, Darlington NSW 2008 Email Address: xche3951@Sydney.edu.au Mobile: 61 (02) 0450875226 Keywords: Supergrid and Superblock, Urban Morphology, China and JapanAbstract:Supergrids and Superblocks form an urban structure that extends across large areas of many Chinese and Japanese cities. The grid structures consist of wide roads at a city scale and define Superblocks, each with a network of narrower streets. My paper investigates the form-function interrelationships of these structures from morphological perspectives against a backcloth of theory that stresses an integrated network of streets as the prerequisite for a convenient and synergetic environment, with a specific focus on road/street networks, and mix and distribution of functional activities. Both qualitative and quantitative methods (including space syntax) are used to investigate four Superblocks from two pairs of Chinese and Japanese cities: Xi’an and Kyoto, and Nanjing and Osaka, from three aspects: integration, connection and interaction. Here I focus on the Nanjing-Osaka pair and the findings demonstrate clear but divergent patterns between the two cities, which are indicative of general differences between Chinese and Japanese Superblocks: there are very strong interrelationships between the street network and distribution of activities in the Japanese Superblocks, but these are much less evident in the Chinese Superblocks and this results largely from the extensive Chinese cultural practice of building walls around compounds. It reveals some structural disadvantages, leading to congestion of traffic and functional activities in some strategic locations in Chinese Superblocks. It also highlights some crucial qualities in the structures of many Japanese Superblocks that can provide inspiration for China’s future urban development and possibly for cities in other parts of the world.Reference:Alexander, C. (1965) ‘A city is not a tree’, Architectural Forum 122, 58-62. Ashihara, Y. (1983) The Aesthetic Townscape, US: Massachusetts Institute Technology Press Halliday Lithograph. Bentley et al., (1985) Responsive environments: a manual for designers (London: Architectural Press). Hillier, B. (1996) Space is the machine (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Jacobs, J. (1961) The death and life of great American cities (New York: Random House). Marshall, S. (2005) Streets & Patterns, (Spon Press, Taylor & Francis Group). Shelton, B. (2012) Learning from the Japanese City: Looking East in Urban Design (Routledge imprint of Taylor & Francis, London). Zhu, W.Y. (2010) Space, Symbol and City: a Theory of Urban Design (China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing.