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Oña, Rocío De, Laura Eboli e Gabriella Mazzulla. "KEY FACTORS AFFECTING RAIL SERVICE QUALITY IN THE NORTHERN ITALY: A DECISION TREE APPROACH". TRANSPORT 29, n. 1 (25 marzo 2014): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.898216.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work concerns with the analysis of transit service quality on the basis of the perceptions directly expressed by the passengers of the services. The transit services supporting the research are offered by rail operators of the Northern Italy, and particularly by regional and suburban lines connecting different towns of the hinterland of the city of Milan, and express lines connecting Milan with the Malpensa airport. The experimental data were collected in a survey conducted in May 2012, and addressed to a sample of more than 16,000 passengers. Passengers expressed their opinions about service characteristics such as safety, cleanliness, comfort, information, personnel. The tool chosen for evaluating service quality is a Classification and Regression Tree Approach (CART), useful for identifying the characteristics mostly influencing the overall service quality. We found that service characteristics like ‘Windows and Doors Working’, ‘Courtesy and Competence on Board’, ‘Information at Stations’, ‘Punctuality of Runs’, ‘Courtesy and Competence in Station’ and ‘Regularity of Runs’ mainly influence service quality.
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Rinaldi, Stefano, Paolo Bellagente, Angelo Luigi Camillo Ciribini, Lavinia Chiara Tagliabue, Tiziana Poli, Andrea Giovanni Mainini, Alberto Speroni, Juan Diego Blanco Cadena e Sonia Lupica Spagnolo. "A Cognitive-Driven Building Renovation for Improving Energy Efficiency: The Experience of the ELISIR Project". Electronics 9, n. 4 (20 aprile 2020): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040666.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the last few years, the technology re-evolution has deeply transformed several aspects of everyday life. For sure, one technology with a strong impact is the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT paradigm made it possible to break down the data barrier between the vertical domains on which the traditional information and communication technology (ICT) world was organized. Recently, the designers of home automation systems have begun looking to the IoT paradigm to ease the deployment of systems that are able to collect data from different plants. Such a situation has driven further evolution from the traditional automation system, where logic is defined by the programmer or by the user, to a cognitive system that is able to learn from the user’ habits regarding what should be the best configuration of plants. Several countries are funding renovations of public and private buildings for improving energy efficiency. Generally, such renovations are only focusing on the structure of the building and of its energy performance (e.g., the thermal envelope, window units, air-conditioning plants, and renewable generators) and largely ignoring the use of intelligent devices. On the contrary, scientific literature and practice have demonstrated that the wider use of IoT sensors, as well as distributed and remote intelligence, is fundamental to optimize energy consumption. This research work aimed to identify issues due the application of cognitive solutions during the renovation phase of buildings. In particular, the paper presents a cognitive architecture to support the operation and management phases of buildings, thanks to the massive digitalization of the entire supply chain of the construction sector from the single building element to the entire construction process. Such an architecture is capable of combining data from the IoT sensors and actuators of smart objects installed during the renovation phase, as well as legacy building automation systems. As an indication of the capability of the proposed solution, an intelligent window device was developed and validated. Within the Energy, Life Styled, and Seismic Innovation for Regenerated Buildings (ELISIR) project, window units are equipped with sensors to monitor indoor and outdoor condition behaviours of users. In addition, windows are able to react to changes in the environment by means of actuators that enable motorized opening and shading. Thanks to the cognitive layer designed in the project, the window is able to automatically define the best rules for opening and shading by using the local controller to satisfy user’s habits and energy efficiency targets. The cognitive layer defines the appropriate rules for opening and shading using the decision tree algorithm applied to the data generated by the sensors in order to infer users’ preferences. For this research, two prototypes of the window units were installed in two offices of Politecnico di Milano, Italy. The accuracy of this algorithm to classify the users’ behaviour and preferences was found to be around 90%, considering an observation interval of two months.
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Walton, Shireen, e Patrick Awondo. "Grandparenting and Retirement: Re-thinking Roles, Reciprocity, and Responsibility in Milan and Yaoundé". Anthropology & Aging 44, n. 2 (12 settembre 2023): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2023.419.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article we comparatively explore experiences and notions of retirement in two ethnographic sites of Milan, Italy, and Yaoundé, Cameroon, by paying attention to how grandparenting is perceived and practiced in relation to kinship roles and responsibilities. The paper draws on comparative insights from the ASSA project and focuses on Walton’s research in Milan and Awondo’s in Yaoundé, carried out between 2018–2019. The paper explores how both retirement and grandparenting can be embedded in social and moral narratives, gendered distinctions, and various idealisations, while also reflecting individual positionalities and economic roles and responsibilities. Our discussion moves beyond the family context as a unit for analysis, considering how grandparents enact care in urban communities and related online environments such as WhatsApp groups. After a brief introduction to the two field sites, the first section of the paper addresses retirement in Milan and Yaoundé, before turning to consider how grandparenting and retirement is linked to wider conceptions of obligation and freedom in these two different urban neighbourhood contexts.
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Morucci, Valerio. "Music, patronage and reform in 16th-century Italy: new light on Cardinal Carlo Borromeo". Early Music 47, n. 4 (novembre 2019): 499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/caz071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Music historians are certainly familiar with the figure of Cardinal Carlo Borromeo. Important research has illuminated his association with the composer Vincenzo Ruffo, his reform of female convents, and, more generally, his influence over the musical life of Milan, including local churches and confraternities; more recently, Borromeo’s relationship with the musician Tomás Luis de Victoria has been closely examined. However, our knowledge of his role as a promoter of the so-called ‘Counter-Reformation’ in music is fragmentary. In particular, a comprehensive investigation of Borromeo’s private correspondence is lacking. In order to fill this lacuna, this article uses newly discovered letters (housed in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan) to illuminate several interrelated aspects of Borromeo’s activity as a patron and reformer in the aftermath of the Council of Trent: firstly, his support for musicians and the much discussed issue of textual intelligibility, and secondly, the prohibition of musical instruments in church and his directives against public musical entertainments.
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Zanzi, Ambrogio, Federico Andreotti, Valentina Vaglia, Sumer Alali, Francesca Orlando e Stefano Bocchi. "Forecasting Agroforestry Ecosystem Services Provision in Urban Regeneration Projects: Experiences and Perspectives from Milan". Sustainability 13, n. 5 (24 febbraio 2021): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The expansion of urban agglomerates is causing significant environmental changes, while the demand and need for sustainability keep on growing. In this context, urban and peri-urban agriculture can play a crucial role, mainly if associated with an agroecological approach. Indeed, the extensive use of living fences and tree rows can improve the environmental quality, assuring ecosystem services (ES), developing a sustainable urban food system and increasing local productions and the related socio-economic improvements. This study aims to assess the benefits of an agroecological requalification of a dismissed peri-urban area in the South Milan Agricultural Regional Park (Italy), by evaluating two possible scenarios, both involving planting trees and shrubs in that area. The software I-Tree Eco simulates the ecosystem services provision of planting new hedgerows, evaluating the benefits over 30 years. The study underlines the difference between the two scenarios and how the planted area becomes an essential supplier of regulating ecosystem services for the neighbourhoods, increasing carbon storage and air pollution removal. Results were then analysed with a treemap, to better investigate and understand the relationship between the different ecosystem services, showing a notable increase in carbon sequestration at the end of the simulation (at year 30). The study shows a replicable example of a methodology and techniques that can be used to assess the ES in urban and peri-urban environments.
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Carmagnola, Daniela, Gaia Pellegrini, Matteo Malvezzi, Elena Canciani, Dolaji Henin e Claudia Dellavia. "Impact of Lifestyle Variables on Oral Diseases and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children of Milan (Italy)". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 18 (11 settembre 2020): 6612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186612.
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A large part of the Italian population doesn’t receive adequate information and support on how to maintain oral health. In this observational, cross-sectional, pilot study, we investigated how some lifestyle-related variables affect oral diseases and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children attending public-school summer services in Milan. A survey that included questions on children’s oral disease, OHRQoL and lifestyle-related factors (feeding habits, oral hygiene protective behaviors, dental coaching and socio-economic and educational status), was administered to the children’s caregivers. Data from 296 surveys were analyzed to assess the protective/negative effect of each variable on oral disease and OHRQoL. With respect to disease, the “never” consumption of fruit juice, the use of fluoride toothpaste, higher educational qualification and ISEE (equivalent family income) of those who filled out the form, resulted protective factors. Regarding OHRQoL, the “never” assumption/use of tea bottle, sugared pacifier and fruit juice as well as the use of fluoride toothpaste, a higher educational qualification and ISEE of those who filled out the form, resulted to have protective effects. In conclusion, protective behaviors and socio-economic status affect oral disease and OHRQoL in children of Milan.
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Ottomano, Vincenzina. "Die erste Rezeption russischer Opern in Italien: Ein Leben für den Zaren in Mailand". Studia Musicologica 52, n. 1-4 (1 marzo 2011): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/smus.52.2011.1-4.10.
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A Life for the Tsar by Michail Glinka was staged on 20 May 1874 at the Teatro dal Verme in Milan. The paper discusses the impact this opera had on the Italian public, including some of the echoes in the foreign press. The style and dramaturgical content of Glinka’s masterpiece sparked off an authentic querelle which was similar to — indeed perhaps even more violent than — the one caused by Wagner’s operas, which were also receiving their first hearings in Italy. The increasingly frequent staging of operas from the Slavic repertoire brought to the fore a fundamental problem in this transition period. The insinuation of an extraneous element — which in the case of Italy immediately found a casus belli in Glinka’s A Life for the Tsar — necessarily meant acknowledging the inescapable crisis of everything which had heretofore been confined within national borders or had relied on a substantially Euro-centric viewpoint.
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Kretser, Irina. "Book Review: Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Italy: Care and community in Milan and Beyond." Anthropology & Aging 44, n. 1 (14 giugno 2023): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/aa.2023.473.
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Vezzola, Laura C., Giovanni Muttoni, Marco Merlini, Nicola Rotiroti, Luca Pagliardini, Ann M. Hirt e Manuela Pelfini. "Investigating distribution patterns of airborne magnetic grains trapped in tree barks in Milan, Italy: insights for pollution mitigation strategies". Geophysical Journal International 210, n. 2 (25 maggio 2017): 989–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx232.
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Francesca, Zajczyk. "The gender perspective for a changing city. Time, Space and Covid in Milan". Academicus International Scientific Journal 24 (luglio 2021): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2021.24.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The city has become a space of diversity. To be sustainable, inclusive and less unequal, urban policy and policies must therefore take these differences into account. In this moving film, the female component represents a fundamental aspect. For a heavy cultural question, in Italy there has been a delay in society with respect to the idea of equal opportunities between men and women. Italy remains far from the watchword - mainstreaming - which Europe, on the other hand, has begun to develop and disseminate. And it is a European document that for the first time introduces the theme of the “right to the city for women”. There is certainly no shortage of innovative cases also promoted by female figures in Italian local administrations. In practice, however, a systematic overview is lacking. Apart from the issue of sustainable mobility, temporal policies are particularly important for a gender sensitive territorial planning. The interesting and innovative aspect is the transversality of the temporal dimension, both in the lives of individuals and in the social organization of urban space. The lockdown canceled the diversification of the times of daily life and the use of urban space: “time” considered a certain fact, never questioned, has become a precious, quality asset; through new rhythms for a new urban livability and mostly for a better life of women. For this to happen, however, the city must change its skin, it must change its thinking and above all its rhythms. And this is precisely the perspective recalled in a document drawn up by the Municipality of Milan: “Milan 2020 - Adaptation strategy” (Municipality of Milan, 2020). Therefore, a new Territorial Schedule Plan, whose specificity is the transversality of the temporal dimension. A new city management tool through the organization of time, from timetables to accessibility with particolar attention to the prospect of a “city 15 minutes away”. Promoting women’s well-being satisfies collective and community interests and improves the quality of all: women and men.
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Mazzaferro, Giovanni. "Jaynie Anderson, The Life of Giovanni Morelli in Risorgimento Italy. Milan: Officina Libraria, 2019. Pp. 268. €35.00." History of Humanities 5, n. 2 (1 settembre 2020): 560–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/710301.
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Foot, John. "Television and the City: the Impact of Television in Milan, 1954–1960". Contemporary European History 8, n. 3 (novembre 1999): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777399003033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The early years of state television in Italy, which began transmission in 1954, have usually been viewed as crucial to the spread of mass culture through Italian society. In addition, these developments have essentially been seen in negative terms by historians and sociologists. This article explores these early years in detail for one, key, urban setting: Milan. Through an examination of the myriad and often hidden effects of television, the research attempts to draw out the contradictory and complicated impact of TV and its relationship with other media, the neighbourhood, the family, the home and daily life. The article also looks at the impact of one important quiz show in the 1950s and concludes with some reflections on the power of the media in the city in the 1990s.
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Ivaldi, Silvia, Francesca Bertè, Sergio Sorgi e Giuseppe Scaratti. "Toward a Sustainable Future: The Case of the Municipality of Milan". Sustainability 11, n. 3 (8 febbraio 2019): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030876.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the new framework of the Psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, this paper addresses the issue of building socially sustainable processes to develop a better quality of life in an urban context. The aim is to explore and highlight the connection between the acknowledgment of a pluralistic and multi-stakeholder scenario, the entwined implications for sustainability at different levels (personal, social, organizational), and the enhancement of the participatory process of planning for future accomplishments. A case study supported by the Municipality of Milano (Italy) is analyzed with the aim to understand the key issues to improve the well-being of the citizens. The paper describes the context of the experience, highlighting the Delphi approach adopted and the ways applied to involve citizens in urban development policies. Discussion and conclusions address the lesson learnt from the case study, pointing out how to prompt and nurture sharing and knowing opportunities and the specific conditions that can support plural stakeholders’ engagement in a sustainable urban future.
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Migliaccio, Maurizio, Andrea Buono, Ila Maltese e Margherita Migliaccio. "The 2020 Italian Spring Lockdown: A Multidisciplinary Analysis over the Milan Urban Area". World 2, n. 3 (2 agosto 2021): 391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world2030025.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human life worldwide and forced the implementation of lockdown periods in order to reduce the physical interactions of people. Italy has been heavily affected by a large number of deaths. The government had to impose a long lockdown period during the spring of 2020. In this paper, we provide a critical analysis of the 2020 Italian spring lockdown (ISL) through observation of the spatiotemporal NOx pattern differences in connection with the social changes imposed by such restrictions. Different freely available sources of information are used: European Space Agency (ESA) TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) measurements, ground-based measurements, and model estimates. The results show high NOx pollution levels, even during the lockdown, that suggest new approaches to sustainable mobility policies.
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Citroni, Sebastiano, e Mattias Karrholm. "Neighbourhood events and the visibilisation of everyday life: The cases of Turro (Milan) and Norra Fäladen (Lund)". European Urban and Regional Studies 26, n. 1 (11 luglio 2017): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776417719489.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
While scholars agree on the reasons behind the current proliferation of urban, small-scale, pre-organised events, the implication of these events for public life is more controversial, and involves polarised debates between enthusiasts and critics. This paper develops an international comparison between one city district in Milan (Italy) and one in Lund (Sweden), in order to explore how the variety of events that took place there between 2013 and 2015 possibly affected the local and on-going everyday public life. In both cases, the observed events aimed to de-stigmatise the broader urban districts in which they were staged, as well as to enhance a vibrant urban life in relatively disadvantaged areas. In the study, we identify three different ways in which these events make the public character of everyday life visible, and even redefine patterns of urban civility. The main argument deriving from our comparative ethnography is that the salience of events in the everyday life that they supposedly disrupt can be analytically addressed by developing a pragmatist approach to public space, discussing it in terms of territorial complexity.
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Dordoni, Annalisa. "Young retail shift workers (not) planning their future: working with customers in the 24/7 service society in the transition to adulthood". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 42, n. 13/14 (15 settembre 2022): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2022-0060.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PurposeThe retail sector is not largely studied in Italy. The study offers a comparison between youth retail shift work in Milan and London. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the one hand on youth work and on the other hand to the debate on agency and structural factors in life planning, representation of the future and the transition to adulthood, observed in the United Kingdom's and Italian labour market. Even if the second one is a Southern European Country, these contexts are both characterised by a service-oriented economy and the widespread of precarious and flexible jobs.Design/methodology/approachQualitative methods were used: one year of ethnographic observation, 50 interviews and two focus groups were carried out between 2015 and 2018 with retail workers and trade unionists. The contexts are Corso Buenos Aires in Milan, Italy, and Oxford Street in London, United Kingdom. Analysing young workers' discourses, the author identifies narratives that allow to grasp their present agency and imagined future.FindingsObserving the crisis of the narrative (Sennett, 2020) allows to highlight the social consequences of working times on young workers' everyday life and future. The author argues that young workers struggle with the narrative of their present everyday life and the representation of the future. This relates to the condition of time alienation due to the flexible schedules and the fast pace of work in retail, both affecting the work-life balance.Originality/valueThe social consequences of flexible schedules in retail and fast fashion sector, which are new issues not yet sufficiently explored, are here investigated from the perspective of young workers. The study is focussed on the representations of young people working with customers in social and economic contexts characterised by flexible schedules and the deregulation of shop openings, the so-called 24/7 service society, not largely investigated in the sociological scientific literature, above all in the Italian context.
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Pulighe, Giuseppe, e Flavio Lupia. "Multitemporal Geospatial Evaluation of Urban Agriculture and (Non)-Sustainable Food Self-Provisioning in Milan, Italy". Sustainability 11, n. 7 (27 marzo 2019): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071846.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Urban agriculture in Global North cities is strongly promoted as a sustainable solution to achieve different goals, such as food production, quality of life, and well-being. Although several attempts have been made to evaluate urban agriculture production, few studies have investigated food production in a multitemporal geospatial way and considered per capita population needs, gender, and age strata consumption. This study presents a spatiotemporal quantification of urban agriculture in the city of Milan (Italy) for assessing food self-provisioning potential. We utilized high-resolution Google Earth images and ancillary data to create a detailed cadaster of urban agriculture for the years 2007 and 2014. Based on four scenarios of food production and statistical data on vegetables and cereals consumption, we estimated current total production and requirements for the city dwellers. Our results showed that the actual extension of vegetable gardens (98 ha) and arable land (2539 ha) in the best scenario could satisfy approximately 63,700 and 321,000 consumers of vegetables and cereal products, respectively. Overall, current urban agriculture production is not able to meet vegetables and cereal consumption for more than 1.3 million city residents. Scenario estimates suggest rethinking land use promoting horticultural production to achieve more sustainable food systems.
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Tolokonnikova, I. V. "Unknown Dobrolyubov: Russia and Italy in the Life of the Litarary Critic". Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 7, n. 4 (25 dicembre 2023): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2023-4-28-179-183.
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Many of the numerous works devoted to Nikolay Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov, a prominent Russian literary critic and journalist, regard him from a perspective similar to the one expressed in N. A. Nekrasov’s poem in the memory of N. A. Dobrolyubov. They view the critic as intellectual, ascetic, and dispassionate – an exemplar of a public figure. This poetic image has become strongly associated with Dobrolyubov’s personality, yet Dobrolyubov was much more than that: a witty satirizer, talented translator, author, and poet. M. G. Talalay’s book on Dobrolyubov’s Italian period depicts the distinguished critic not only as a versatile author, but also as a cultural phenomenon. The book gives an unusual perspective: Dobrolyubov is not only a bright thinker, but also an ardent lover, a frivolous young man, inspired by the nature of Italy, its rich cultural heritage, and his beloved girl. The trip to Italy was strongly recommended to Nikolai Alexandrovich by his colleagues at the Sovremennik magazine. He went to Italy to improve his failing health and spent the last year of his life in picturesque Florence, Rome, Milan, and Naples. The works included in the collection are very diverse in genre among them are journalism, reportage, political analysis, lyric poetry, satire, parody, and pamphlet. The reviewed book provides annotation to Dobrolyubov’s works written in Italy. Here for the first time are collected together all the prose and poetic works Nikolay Alexandrovich wrote in Italy. Lyric poetry of the period is marked by his love to an Italian girl: he was torn by the desire to start a family life abroad and to continue his work in the magazine. His Motherland needed him, and Dobrolyubov chose to return to Saint Petersburg. Six months later, his untimely death put an end to his desire to serve the common cause. Dobrolyubov’s stay in Italy is an important page in the history of Russian-Italian cultural relations, but, unfortunately, little studied. Of course, it is far from being exhausted by this publication, but the monograph is a significant milestone in its study. The collection of M. G. Talalay Dobrolyubov N. A. Children of Vesuvius: Journalism and Poetry of the Italian Period is a very informative and useful book intended both for researchers of Russian literature and journalism, and for students and teachers of humanities faculties. Its publication is highly welcomed.
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Benocci, Roberto, Chiara Confalonieri, Hector Eduardo Roman, Fabio Angelini e Giovanni Zambon. "Accuracy of the Dynamic Acoustic Map in a Large City Generated by Fixed Monitoring Units". Sensors 20, n. 2 (11 gennaio 2020): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020412.
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DYNAMAP, a European Life project, aims at giving a real image of the noise generated by vehicular traffic in urban areas developing a dynamic acoustic map based on a limited number of low-cost permanent noise monitoring stations. The system has been implemented in two pilot areas located in the agglomeration of Milan (Italy) and along the Motorway A90 (Rome-Italy). The paper reports the final assessment of the system installed in the pilot area of Milan. Traffic noise data collected by the monitoring stations, each one representative of a number of roads (groups) sharing similar characteristics (e.g., daily traffic flow), are used to build-up a “real-time” noise map. In particular, we focused on the results of the testing campaign (21 sites distributed over the pilot area and 24 h duration of each recording). It allowed evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the system by comparing the predicted noise level of DYNAMAP with field measurements in randomly selected sites. To this end, a statistical analysis has been implemented to determine the error associated with such prediction, and to optimize the system by developing a correction procedure aimed at keeping the error below some acceptable threshold. The steps and the results of this procedure are given in detail. It is shown that it is possible to describe a complex road network on the basis of a statistical approach, complemented by empirical data, within a threshold of 3 dB provided that the traffic flow model achieves a comparable accuracy within each single groups of roads in the network.
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Liu, Yiqi. "Analysis of the Vertical Forest of Milan in Terms of High-Rise Architecture and Biodiversity". Highlights in Art and Design 3, n. 2 (26 giugno 2023): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.v3i2.10043.
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With the acceleration of globalization and the development of human civilization, urbanization has led to people living in a space full of industrial materials that create modern icons, while at the same time causing high levels of energy consumption and pollution. Increasing environmental problems have prompted architects to consider the increasingly unbalanced relationship between humans and the natural world and to return to nature. The aim of this research is to discuss how the harmony between architecture and natural ecology has become a key issue in today's environment, trying to find a balance between nature and the city. In this essay, I will discuss the context and 'tree' element of the vertical forest in Milan, Italy, the vertical forest as a living ecosystem, the analysis of architectural structures, the interdisciplinary exploration of sustainability, the non-anthropocentrism embodied in the vertical forest, and the transition from the 'vertical forest' to the 'forest city'. "The transition from the 'vertical forest' to the 'forest city' and the debate on the concept of the 'forest city'. "From 'vertical forest' to 'forest city', a dialectical reflection on the intentions of vertical forest and 'forest', an analysis of the ecological design of vertical forest and the innovative integration of multiple the debate is about the innovative integration of vertical forests and 'forests', and the construction of a truly biodiverse, high-density city.
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Musa Jafarova, Sevil. "NOTES ON THE LIFE AND WORK OF ERNEST HEMINGWAY". SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, n. 3 (24 marzo 2021): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/64/63-67.
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Ernest Hemingway was an American novelist and short story writer and journalist. His real name is Ernest Miller Hemingway. He is a Nobel and Pulitzer Prize-winning writer. He wrote his first articles in the school newspaper. In 1917, America was slowly joining World War I.Heminquey immediately enlisted in the army, but was not accepted because his left eye was weak. A year later, he entered the Red Crescent and volunteered to drive an ambulance. He was wounded in an explosion near the war, carrying an Italian soldier on his shoulder while he was wounded, and was wounded in the leg. After that, he was declared a hero in Italy and received the "Silver Medal of Honor". While in treatment in Milan, he fell in love with a nurse, and this love led him to write a masterpiece - "Goodbye, guns." Heminquey wrote mainly about his life experiences. This can be seen in "Goodbye, weapons". The writer, who reached the peak of his career with "Who the bells are ringing for", continued his life by participating in wars. Key words: famous writer, Chicago, Nobel laureate, author of short stories, story, old man, sea
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Brunelli, Cinzia, Paola Mosconi, Paolo Boeri, Laura Gangeri, Paolo Pizzetti, Federico Cerrai, Angelo Schicchi, Giovanni Apolone e Marcello Tamburini. "Evaluation of Quality of Life in Patients with Malignant Dysphagia". Tumori Journal 86, n. 2 (marzo 2000): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160008600205.
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Background In the last 10 years of clinical research there has been increasing interest in the evaluation of quality of life. Several generic and specific instruments have been developed for this purpose. EORTC QLQ C-30 is a cancer-specific questionnaire translated into various languages and validated in several European countries including Italy, where the impact of malignant disease on different areas of quality of life is poorly documented. Methods The EORTC QLQ C-30 was administered to 109 patients referred to the endoscopy division of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, for endoscopic palliative treatment of malignant dysphagia to test its characteristics in terms of acceptability and clinical validity. Results In this group of patients the impact of advanced esophageal cancer was highly evident for Emotional and Physical Functioning, Fatigue and Global QoL scales. Dysphagia is a serious problem for many patients; there is a correlation between grade of dysphagia and four QoL dimensions. Conclusions QoL assessment is an important tool to evaluate the adequate management of patients with esophageal cancer. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable also in this population.
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Mackensen, Sylvia v., e Alessandro Gringeri. "Development and Pilot testing of a Disease-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Patients with Haemophilia (Haem-A-QoL)." Blood 104, n. 11 (16 novembre 2004): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2214.2214.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: Haemophilia and its treatment influence the every-day-life of patients and impact on their quality of life. For the adequate assessment of quality of life validated instruments are necessary. While haemophilia-specific questionnaires for children are existing (v. Mackensen et al., 2004; Young et al., 2004), up to now no validated instrument for adults is available. Currently some developmental works are on-going in order to develop such an instrument as well for adults. In a multi-centre validation study a health-related quality of life questionnaire for adults with haemophilia was developed and pilot tested in Italy. Aim: This study was designed to develop and validate a haemophilia-specific quality of life measurement for adults (Haem-A-QoL) in Italy. Methods: The study consisted of three phases: a) a qualitative study including focus groups (with patients and physicians), item formulation and expert ratings of a catalogue of items by patients and physicians, b) a psychometric study including cognitive debriefing, and feasibility testing and c) data analysis. The qualitative study has been performed by the University of Hamburg in cooperation with the University of Milan. Results: Focus groups with semi-structured interviews were performed in 32 patients from 6 Italian haemophilia centres (Milan, Perugia, Genova, Bari, Castelfranco, Parma). 14 physicians and 8 nurses were asked the same questions. Patients and physicians/nurses consider similar dimensions important for quality of life. But the order of importance is different for patients (physical health, social interaction, dependence, future, work) and physicians/nurses (dependence, work, social interaction, treatment, physical health). Based on the focus group results a draft version of the questionnaire was formulated and given to patients and physicians in order to evaluate the items concerning importance for haemophilia and comprehensibility. The draft version consisted of 159 items. After expert evaluation the questionnaire was revised: several items could be eliminated and some were reworded. The revised version of the Haem-A-QoL consisting of 50 items and was psychometrically tested in 10 Italian centres. The pilot testing showed excellent psychometric characteristics in terms of reliability and validity (convergent, discriminant). Conclusions: The development of a disease-specific quality of life instrument requires multiple steps and the involvement of different experts (patients, physicians, nurses) in order to have a standardised and valid questionnaire. The Haem-A-QoL is well-accepted by adult haemophiliacs and proved to be a valid and reliable disease-specific self-report measurement for the assessment of quality of life in haemophiliacs. In a next step the Haem-A-QoL will be applied in clinical trials to evaluate patient perceptions of different treatment regimens in haemophilia.
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Famiglietti, Jacopo, Marcello Aprile, Giulia Spirito e Mario Motta. "Net-Zero Climate Emissions Districts: Potentials and Constraints for Social Housing in Milan". Energies 16, n. 3 (3 febbraio 2023): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031504.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Net-zero climate districts are gaining wide attention at the European and international levels. Urban regeneration competitions have been launched recently to stimulate development; nevertheless, the literature does not yet provide a shared scope definition (i.e., product system). Using the process-based life cycle assessment method, the authors evaluate the climate profile of a new district in Milan (14 buildings with 36,000 m2 of gross surface area in total) aiming to become the first net-zero social housing project in Italy. The authors show in the results section how climate neutrality is achieved on the part of the real estate operator by varying the scope. The most conservative scenario (including all the emission sources considered in the analysis) indicates that the net-zero climate target is reached only by purchasing voluntary carbon credits. The authors also highlight: (i) a district composed of nearly-zero energy buildings is far from the definition of a net-zero climate emissions district; (ii) a net-zero climate emissions district may not be a positive energy district and vice-versa; and (iii) constraints linked with the lack of space in a densely populated city due to insufficient area to install renewables on site.
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Pagès, Rosa Maria Alsina, Francesc Alías, Patrizia Bellucci, Pier Paolo Cartolano, Ilaria Coppa, Laura Peruzzi, Alessandro Bisceglie e Giovanni Zambon. "Noise at the time of COVID 19: The impact in some areas in Rome and Milan, Italy". Noise Mapping 7, n. 1 (28 novembre 2020): 248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2020-0021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed in Italy at the end of January 2020, when the first positive cases for the virus were identified. At the beginning of March, the virus had spread to all Italian regions and on 10 March 2020 the lockdown phase began, limiting the movement of people and prohibiting almost all commercial activities, businesses and non-essential industries. As a result, millions of people were forced to stay at home, causing a drastic drop in traffic volume, which significantly changed the acoustic environment and air quality of cities. On 4 May 2020, the lockdown was partially lifted and activities were progressively reopened. Therefore, traffic gradually started to increase and, consequently, the noise emitted by motor vehicles. This behaviour was confirmed by the data collected by the DYNAMAP system, an automatic platform developed within the LIFE DYNAMAP project, providing real time traffic noise maps in terms of sound pressure levels and impacts at receivers (people and dwellings exposed to noise level bands). In this paper traffic and non-traffic-related noise events in the cities of Rome and Milan from March to May 2020 are analysed and compared to the corresponding values in 2019 to evaluate the effects of the lockdown period.
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Abramov-van Rijk, Elena. "THE ITALIAN EXPERIENCE OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR CHARLES IV: MUSICAL AND LITERARY ASPECTS". Early Music History 37 (ottobre 2018): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127918000025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Italians had conflicting sentiments regarding the visit of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV in Italy in 1355: from the enthusiastic expectations of the impact the Emperor would have on the local political life to contemptuous scepticism and even to overt disdain. Two Italian Trecento madrigals have traditionally been considered to refer to this visit: (1) the three-voice polytextual madrigal Aquil altera/Creatura gentil/Uccel di Dio by Jacopo da Bologna, seen as related to Charles’s coronation with the Iron Crown of Lombardy in Milan; and (2) the two-voice madrigal Sovran uccello by Donato da Firenze, considered a celebratory piece for Charles’s coronation as well. This essay explores the relevant historical contexts, Milanese for Jacopo’s madrigal and Florentine for Donato’s, with a view to placing both pieces.
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Taher, A., A. Nassar, M. Naja, C. Cesaretti, R. Fasulo e M. D. Cappellini. "Outcome of Thalassemia Intermedia Mothers and Newborns in Two Tertiary Care Centers, Beirut and Milan." Blood 110, n. 11 (16 novembre 2007): 3827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3827.3827.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Introduction: β-thalassemia intermedia (TI) patients either present with a severe disease between the ages of 2–6 years, or remain asymptomatic until they present with a milder disease during adult life. With the advances in assisted reproductive technology and medical management, pregnancy has become possible in most TI cases. Spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm labor are complications that face women with TI. This study aimed at evaluating the pregnancy outcome of women with TI in two tertiary care centers, one in Lebanon and another in Italy. Methods: Patient databases at the Chronic Care Center, Lebanon and at the Hereditary Anemia Center in Milan, Italy were reviewed. Maternal and neonatal charts of women with TI and documented pregnancy were identified and reviewed using a specially formulated questionnaire that focused on demographic characteristics (maternal age, gestational age (GA), parity, and abortions), past medical history related to thalassemia, course of pregnancy and complications, intrapartum events and neonatal outcome. Patients were then contacted by phone for any missing information. Results: A total of 44 pregnant TI patients, 11 in Lebanon and 33 in Italy were identified. Mean age at diagnosis of TI was 9.2 ± 9.7 years (range 1–42 years) with 34 (77.3%) splenectomized patients identified. Fourteen patients (31.8%) were frequently transfused, 25 (56.8%) occasionally transfused and only 4 (9.1%) never transfused. Mean age at pregnancy was 29.5 ± 3.9 years (range 21–38 years) with 11 patients (28.2%) receiving the first transfusion during pregnancy. Twenty eight patients were on chelation therapy: 21 (48.8%) received deferioxamine, 4 (9.3%) deferiprone and 3 (7%) deferasirox. After excluding 4 women with ongoing pregnancies, information on 79 pregnancies, all spontaneous, were available, 30 from Lebanon and 49 from Italy. These resulted in 60 live births (75.9%), 17 abortions (21.5%), and 2 intrauterine fetal deaths (2.5%), at 26 and 36 weeks of gestation, respectively. Three patients (7.5%) had recurrent abortions (≥3 abortions). Of women whose pregnancies progressed beyond 20 weeks of gestation (n=62), the following obstetrical complications were encountered: preterm delivery <37 weeks of gestation (18, 29.0%), IUGR (14, 22.6%), preeclampsia (1, 1.6%), placental abruption (2, 3.2%) and cholestasis of pregnancy (1, 1.6%). Mean GA at delivery was 36.8 ±2.8 weeks. Thrombotic events were encountered during 4/79 (5.1%) pregnancies: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ante- and post-partum (n=2), antepartum DVT (n=1) and placental thrombosis (n=1). Two women had postpartum splenectomy. Cesarean delivery was performed in 44 pregnancies (70.9%). No significant differences were noted when the course of pregnancy and obstetrical outcomes of women in Lebanon and Milan were compared. Conclusions: Preterm delivery complicates 29% of pregnancies with TI which are at a 23% risk of IUGR. Cesarean delivery is the most common route of delivery in these patients (70.9%). As with any chronic disease affecting different organs, TI presents a challenge for pregnant patients, their fetuses and physicians and requires close monitoring for any events that might compromise the patient or the newborn. Further studies comprising more patients need to be carried out to determine the effects of splenectomy and transfusions during pregnancy and on the outcome of those pregnancies.
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Toomaspoeg, Kristjan. "The nunneries of the Order of St. John in medieval Italy". Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica 27 (30 dicembre 2022): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/om.2022.004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper’s focus is women as professed members of the Order of St John in Italy, as documented in cities such as Milan, Florence, Venice, Genova, Monteleone di Spoleto, Perugia, Penne and Sovereto. The adherence of women to the Order came under several institutional forms. Some women were laypeople, associated consorores who carried out the Order’s activities, sometimes working in its hospitals. Others lived in the houses of the Order of St John, where they could also take the vows, with consequent formation of “mixed” convents or monasteries. But in some cases, separate nunneries were created or assimilated from other communities. Some historians have seen a different evolution from the initial vocation of women, which consisted of field activities in support of the poor and the sick, and would later become a strictly cloistered life. This change can be observed by examining the biographies of the two Italian female Hospitaller saints, Ubaldesca and Toscana. Yet, local development varied, and the situation in an important city like Florence differed from nunneries in smaller localities like Sovereto or Penne. Finally, several interesting sources allow us a glimpse of the spirituality and norms in those women’s daily lives compared to male religiosity. The medieval Italian nunneries of St John never became an autonomous branch of the Order, but at the same time, they were not a rare or exceptional phenomenon.
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Manzo, Lidia KC, Oana Druta e Richard Ronald. "Supported Home Ownership and Adult Independence in Milan: The Gilded Cage of Family Housing Gifts and Transfers". Sociology 53, n. 3 (9 ottobre 2018): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038518798761.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article analyses practices of intergenerational support for homeownership among different generations of families in Milan, Italy, highlighting the role of housing in family welfare relations and life-course transitions. It makes use of an original dataset of qualitative interviews investigating homeownership pathways and the negotiations of support that they pre-suppose. The article explores the meanings and moral reasoning behind the decision to accept (or not) support in context of contemporary discourses surrounding the liquidity and availability of housing and finance. It highlights the moral compromises and emotional negotiations inherent in the giving and receiving of support for housing, contributing to a body of literature concerned with the reproduction of home and family. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of homes and housing assets in mediating dependence and re-affirming family bonds within a family-oriented welfare context, despite conflict, resistance and frustrated aspirations.
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Raffaelli, Katia, Marco Deserti, Michele Stortini, Roberta Amorati, Matteo Vasconi e Giulia Giovannini. "Improving Air Quality in the Po Valley, Italy: Some Results by the LIFE-IP-PREPAIR Project". Atmosphere 11, n. 4 (23 aprile 2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040429.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Po Valley (Northern Italy) represents an important exceedance zone of the air-quality limit values for PM (particulate matter), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and O3 (ozone). This area covers the territory of most Italian northern regions and includes several urban agglomerates, such as Milan, Turin, Venice and Bologna. The area is densely populated and heavily industrialized. The paper summarizes the assessment of the impact of the current (2013) and future (2025) emissions and of the meteorological conditions on the air quality of the Po Valley. This study is one of the first outcomes of the EU LIFE-IP Clean Air Program Po Regions Engaged to Policies of Air (PREPAIR) project. The project, involving administrations and environmental agencies of eight regions and three municipalities in Northern Italy and Slovenia, started in 2017 and will end in 2024. Future emission scenarios consider the emissions reduction due to the air-quality action plans of the regions involved, of the agreements between the national authorities and regional administrations and of the PREPAIR project itself, in the overall context of the application of the current legislation of the European Union. The combination of these measures will lead to the reduction of direct emissions of PM10 in the Po Valley and of the main precursors emitted in the area (NOx, nitrogen oxides and NH3, and ammonia) by 38% for PM10, 39% for NOx and 22% for NH3, respectively. This lowering corresponds to a reduction of about 30.000 tons of primary PM10, 150.000 tons of NOx, 54.000 tons of NH3 and 1700 tons of SO2. The results show that these expected reductions should allow us to achieve the EU PM10 limit value in the Po Valley by the year 2025.
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Saburova, Lyudmila Ye. "TOMMASO LANDOLFI AND EUGENIO MONTALE ON THE WAY TO THE GAME (based on autobiographical prose)". Vestnik of Kostroma State University, n. 2 (2020): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-185-190.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the autobiographical prose of Eugenio Montale and Tommaso Landolfi , the theme of travel plays a signifi cant role. The development and refraction of this theme is directly related to the concept of home, which is different for these writers. Tommaso Landolfi , leading the life of a hermit in a small provincial town, seeks to travel to large centres full of social life. Eugenio Montale, who was less attached to the family nest, in the latter part of his life lives in Milan. Tired of the burden of fame and the noise of the big city, he sets off for quiet secluded places unlike Italy, where he can fi nally rest. In the works of both writers, travel is closely related to the theme of the game. Tommaso Landolfi , who sees the meaning of human life in the game, combines his travels with «forays into gambling», that is, to the casino. Roulette becomes an opportunity for him to communicate with a higher power, to receive answers to existential questions that torment him. Eugenio Montale travels in disguise, changing masks. In his imaginary game world, he animates objects and makes friends with them. For both writers in their travel, a special role is played by inscriptions and signs, which are perceived by them as secret messages.
32
Houle, Gabrielle. "Dramaturgy of the Body: Marcello Moretti's Construction of Arlecchino at the Piccolo Teatro of Milan". New Theatre Quarterly 34, n. 2 (19 aprile 2018): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x18000040.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article Gabrielle Houle examines the dramaturgical process that actor Marcello Moretti applied to his creation of Arlecchino's body in Giorgio Strehler's globally acclaimed productions of The Servant of Two Masters at the Piccolo Teatro of Milan between 1947 and 1960. She provides a critical analysis of Moretti's interdisciplinary and trans-historical research and creative process, including his study of iconographic representations of the commedia dell’arte, his observation of farmers in Padua in the mid-twentieth century, and the connections he made between his life experiences and his understanding of Arlecchino. She then examines Moretti's acting style, signature postures, and footwork, both as the international press described them and as she observed them in a video recording and in photographs of the productions. The article, based on extensive archival research at the Piccolo Teatro and on interviews with artists who knew both Moretti and Strehler, concludes with a discussion of Moretti's legacy within and beyond Italy. Gabrielle Houle is a theatre scholar, educator, and artist specializing in the recent staging history of the commedia dell’arte, contemporary mask-making practices, and masked performance. She has taught in several Canadian universities, and is a member of the Centre for Oral History and Tradition at the University of Lethbridge, where she is also an Adjunct Assistant Professor.
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Cuomo, Francesco. "Berliner Ensemble 1957 – Piccolo Teatro 1963. Science in the reception of Brecht’s "Galileo" as from the press reviews on both stagings". Journal of Science Communication 05, n. 01 (21 marzo 2006): A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.05010201.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article reports the outcome of an analysis of the reception of Bertolt Brecht’s play, "The Life of Galileo", as presented by Giorgio Strehler (Milan, 1963) and Brecht himself in collaboration with Erich Engel (East Berlin, 1957), carried out on respective press reviews. The reviews were examined by the application of quantitative analysis based on the recurrence of determinate themes associated with images of science. In comparing the results of the analysis of each of the two press reviews, it appears that different images were conveyed by the same play performed in two different contexts for different audiences. Italy, in particular, showed a more frequent recurrence of the conflict between science and religion as a result of the ongoing cultural and spiritual authority of the Church, whereas in the German Democratic Republic’s communist regime, where Brecht is a troublesome but tolerated intellectual, the topics of the scientist’s freedom within the Establishment and intellectual courage were more frequent.
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D’Avanzo, Barbara, Angelo Barbato, Stefano Erzegovesi, Letizia Lampertico, Filippo Rapisarda e Lella Valsecchi. "Formal and Informal Help-Seeking for Mental Health Problems. A Survey of Preferences of Italian Students". Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 8, n. 1 (31 maggio 2012): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901208010047.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Help-seeking preferences for mental health are a crucial aspect to design strategies to support adolescents in an emotionally delicate life phase. Informal help-seeking is usually preferred but little was published about preferences in different cultures, and it is not clear whether informal and formal help are mutually exclusive or whether they are part of the same overall propensity to help-seeking. In a survey of 710 students in Milan, Italy, help-seeking propensity measured through an Italian version of the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire was high, similar in males and females (mean total score 3.8, DS 0.9); few (9%) tended not to seek help. The most-preferred source of help was a friend, then father or mother, partner, psychologist and psychiatrist. 355 students (55%) reported high propensity to seek both informal and formal help; 33 (5%) would only seek formal help. Help-seeking should be promoted in itself, rather than indicating professionals and professional settings as primary sources of help.
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Mascarin, Maurizio, e Andrea Ferrari. "The concept of friendship in adolescents with cancer: Reflections and experiences". Tumori Journal 105, n. 1 (22 agosto 2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300891618792464.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cancer can erupt in an adolescent’s life, damaging his or her multidimensional balance with its burden of physical suffering, changes in appearance, and anxiety, interrupting their activities, keeping them away from school, and isolating them socially. It is crucially important for adolescents with cancer to be able to feel the same as before, to feel they belong to a group of schoolmates. This is not always easy to achieve. Their peers sometimes lack the necessary resources to treat adolescents with cancer as normal ones, responding instead with pity or avoidance. This article discusses the concept of friendship in adolescents with cancer, based on direct experience of being with them, personal reflections, and texts chosen and shared with the patients, as part of the cultural activities dedicated to adolescents and young adults with cancer at the Youth Area of the Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, and the Youth Project at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Basile, Giuseppe, Stefania Fozzato, Quirino Alessandro Petrucci, Mario Gallina, Luca Bianco Prevot, Riccardo Accetta e Simona Zaami. "Treatment of Femoral Shaft Pseudarthrosis, Case Series and Medico-Legal Implications". Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, n. 24 (14 dicembre 2022): 7407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247407.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pseudarthrosis (PSA) is a possible complication of femoral shaft fracture treatment. It is often associated with reduced bone quality and can, therefore, adversely affect quality of life. Its treatment poses a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Several authors have set forth different surgical approaches for the treatment of pseudarthrosis, such as internal fixation with plate and screws, replacement of an intramedullary nail or prosthetic replacement. In cases associated with bone loss, osteopenia, or comminution of fracture fragments, autologous or homologous bone grafts may also be used. The chronic outcomes of the surgical treatment of femoral shaft pseudarthrosis, even when consolidation is achieved, are linked to disabling sequelae of clinical-functional relevance, deserving an adequate medico-legal evaluation. The purpose of this retrospective study is to analyse a clinical case series of patients treated for atrophic femoral shaft pseudarthrosis at the IRCCS Orthopaedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy, from 2014 to 2020 and their orthopaedic-traumatological and medico-legal implications.
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Rossi, Luca, Luca Regni, Sara Rinaldi, Paolo Sdringola, Roberto Calisti, Antonio Brunori, Francesca Dini e Primo Proietti. "Long-Term Water Footprint Assessment in a Rainfed Olive Tree Grove in the Umbria Region, Italy". Agriculture 10, n. 1 (28 dicembre 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10010008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Life Cycle Assessment (the systematic analysis of the environmental impact of products during their entire life cycle), Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint assessments play an important role in decision-making processes. These assessments can help guide land management decisions and will likely play a larger role in the future, especially in natural areas with high biodiversity. Agriculture is a substantial consumer of fresh water, so it is important to identify causes and possible solutions to optimize agricultural water use. Water footprint assessments consider water consumption from several points of view and aid in reaching Sustainable Development Goals. Olive trees are a widespread agricultural crop growing in the Mediterranean Basin and are particularly important in the Umbria region in Italy. This paper estimates the water footprint impact related to the production of 1 kg of olives in a rainfed olive orchard managed using low environmental impact techniques. Eleven years of data collection (meteorological data, olives yield data, processes data) are analyzed for typical rural conditions. The results show that local management techniques have lower water requirements than standard international usages. These results can be used to improve and to further explore agricultural water use.
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Oliveira, Mariana, Remo Santagata, Serena Kaiser, Yanxin Liu, Chiara Vassillo, Patrizia Ghisellini, Gengyuan Liu e Sergio Ulgiati. "Socioeconomic and Environmental Benefits of Expanding Urban Green Areas: A Joint Application of i-Tree and LCA Approaches". Land 11, n. 12 (22 novembre 2022): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122106.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Green infrastructures deliver countless functions for counteracting climate change, air pollution, floods, and heat islands, contributing at the same time to water and carbon recycling as well as to renewable energies and feedstock provisioning. Properly addressing such environmental problems would require huge investments that could be decreased thanks to the further implementation of urban forests. Local administrations are designing participative projects to improve territories and their living conditions. The i-Tree Canopy modelling tool and the life cycle assessment method are jointly applied to evaluate the potential benefits of increasing tree coverage within the boundaries of the Metropolitan City of Naples, Southern Italy. Results highlighted that tree coverage could increase by about 2.4 million trees, thus generating 51% more benefits in pollutants removal, carbon sequestration and stormwater management. The benefits are also explored and confirmed by means of the life cycle assessment method. The potential tree cover is expected to provide a total annual economic benefit of USD 55 million, purchasing power parity value adjusted, representing USD 18 per citizen and USD 99,117 per square kilometre of implemented urban forest. These results can support a potential replication elsewhere and provide a reference for the sustainable improvement of cities by expanding urban green areas.
39
Passini, Flavia, Angelo Roberto Raccagni, Sara Diotallevi, Riccardo Lolatto, Elena Bruzzesi, Caterina Candela, Costanza Bertoni et al. "Mpox Outbreak 2022: A Comparative Analysis of the Characteristics of Individuals Receiving MVA-BN Vaccination and People Diagnosed with Mpox Infection in Milan, Italy". Pathogens 12, n. 9 (24 agosto 2023): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mpox caused a worldwide outbreak in 2022, disproportionately affecting MSM reporting high-risk sexual behaviors. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of people receiving MVA-BN vaccination with those of individuals diagnosed with mpox to guide future vaccination policies. This was a retrospective study on people with mpox infection or vaccination at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, from May to November 2022. Characteristics were compared using Mann–Whitney or chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests; multivariable logistic regression and classification tree analysis were applied. Overall, 473 vaccinated individuals and 135 with mpox were included; 472/473 and 134/135 were MSM. People with mpox were more frequently living with HIV (48.9% vs. 22.4%, p < 0.001), had ≥1 previous STI (75.6% vs. 35.7%, p < 0.001), were chemsex users (37.8% vs. 6.34%, p < 0.001), were with a higher number of partners (23.0% vs. 1.69%, p < 0.001), and had engaged in group sex (55.6% vs. 24.1%, p < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, PLWH (aOR = 2.86, 95%CI = 1.59–5.19, p < 0.001), chemsex users (aOR = 2.96, 95%CI = 1.52–5.79, p = 0.001), those with previous syphilis (aOR = 4.11, 95%CI = 2.22–7.72, p < 0.001), and those with >10 partners (aOR = 11.56, 95%CI = 6.60–21.09, p < 0.001) had a higher risk of infection. This study underscores the importance of prioritizing MSM with prior STIs and multiple partners as well as chemsex users in vaccination policies to curb mpox spread. A destigmatized assessment of sexual history is vital for comprehensive sexual health strategies.
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Reichardt, Dagmar. "PUT IT ON OR : USE IT AND ENJOY ! THE TRANSCULTURAL AND SYNERGIZING HISTORY OF ITALIAN FASHION AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN". Culture Crossroads 19 (11 ottobre 2022): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol19.36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Among the three international fashion hubs Paris, Milan, and New York that have dominated fashion production since the 20th century, Italian fashion stands out through its transcultural Italophony. Since the historic beginnings of the West, the development of fashion, taste and etiquette in modern Italy plays both culturally and historically a key role in European politics, economics, literature, fine arts, music and theatre. This applies also to Italian design, which is – like fashion – a powerful nonverbal language in cultural, aesthetical and economic terms, expressing a unique and life-affirming sociological habitus. This essay intends to pinpoint the outstanding impact of taste, fashion and design originating from Italy and perceivable all over the world on a transcultural and transdisciplinary level. Starting with antiquity and Renaissance, both disciplines enter a period of prosperity and success during the golden 1950s and 1960s, supported by the rise of Cinecittà, family business structures and crafts enterprises. In early postmodernity, a shift takes place from Alta Moda to Pronto Moda, from fashion as art to popular, serial industrial ready?to?wear, and a complex reciprocal synergetic effect builds up between the fashion and design brands. Both sectors are equal in terms of international influence and versatility, both are associated complementary to each other, and both disseminate a new standard of shapeliness, elegance and peachiness in the whole country as well as on a transnational scale.
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Di Santo, Davide, Stefano Bondi, Leone Giordano, Andrea Galli, Michele Tulli, Barbara Ramella e Mario Bussi. "Long-term Swallowing Function, Pulmonary Complications, and Quality of Life after Supracricoid Laryngectomy". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, n. 2 (12 marzo 2019): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819835189.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives Long-term effects of supracricoid laryngectomies are nowadays under discussion. The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of chronic aspiration and incidence of pulmonary complications, to investigate possible influencing factors, and to analyze dysphagia-related quality of life in a cohort of patients who recovered swallowing function after undergoing supracricoid laryngectomies. Study Design Retrospective observational study. Setting San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy. Methods A cohort of 39 patients who recovered swallowing function free of disease after a minimum 3-year follow-up period was retrospectively investigated between October and December 2017—clinically with the Pearson’s Scale and M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and instrumentally with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Results Chronic aspiration was demonstrated in a significant portion of patients (clinically in 33.3% and instrumentally in 35.9%). Aspiration was influenced by advanced age at surgery ( P = .020). Type of surgical procedure, resection of 1 arytenoid cartilage, postoperative rehabilitation with a speech-language therapist, radiotherapy, age at consultation, and length of follow-up did not influence the prevalence of aspiration. Pulmonary complications affected 5 patients; incidence of pulmonary complications was related to aspiration and was favored by poor laryngeal sensation/cough reflex. Aspiration significantly affected quality of life. Conclusions Chronic aspiration is frequent and affects patients’ quality of life. However, incidence of pulmonary complications is low; therefore, oral feeding should not be contraindicated for aspirating patients. Preservation of laryngeal sensation and cough reflex is mandatory to prevent pulmonary complications.
42
Ammerman, Albert J. "On Giacomo Boni, the origins of the Forum, and where we stand today". Journal of Roman Archaeology 29 (2016): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400072147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The pioneer in excavating early sites in the Roman Forum was Giacomo Boni (b. Venice 1859; d. Rome 1925). He lived through the turbulent years when the new nation of Italy was starting to find its stride. A number of puzzles associated with his life and work, in particular the origins of the Forum, are starting to be better understood; by digging more deeply into archives in Milan, Rome and Venice, it has been possible to make gains. A conference held recently in Venice gave the opportunity to bring together the two sides of his life in Venice and Rome. In a moment, something will be said about the new perspectives that were discussed at the Convegno. Then I will turn to Boni's work in the Forum and his ideas about its origins. In the final section I will discuss briefly where the study of the origins of the Forum now stands. Returning to this question gives an opportunity to update the gains (e.g., the discovery of clay beds in the Velabrum) that have been made over the last 25 years, specific questions that remain open (the dating of the first gravel pavement of the Forum), and the work that needs to be done.
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Ginetti, B., A. Ragazzi e S. Moricca. "First Report of Phytophthora Taxon Walnut in Lombardy, North Italy". Plant Disease 98, n. 3 (marzo 2014): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0766-pdn.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The park Boscoincittà, Milan, North Italy (136 m a.s.l., 45°29′06″ N, 9°5′32″ E), has an area of 110 ha and includes tree stands, wood clearings, trails, and watercourses. Recently, common walnut (Jugland regia) trees in the park have begun to suffer from a progressive dieback that has caused roughly 90% mortality. Aerial symptoms were stunted growth, loss of vigor, crown thinning, and bark cankers with tarry exudates on the lower stem. The xylem tissue of trees showed large necrosis and flame-shaped discoloration below the bark. Since the dieback seemed caused by Phytophthora, samples were taken from three symptomatic trees and, by baiting, from the nearby soil and watercourses. Isolations from apple baits were carried out after a week. Isolations taken from tissue at the edge of active lesions of the trees were transferred on the selective medium V8A-PARPNH (1) and incubated at 24°C. Cottony colonies appeared after 3 days and single hyphal tip derivatives were transferred to V8A for a further 4 to 7 days. Fragments (1 cm2) of mycelium of the subcultured colonies were then placed in filtered (Ø 0.22 μm nitrocellulose filters, Millipore) pond water. Three isolates were retrieved within 24 h, two from tree tissue and one from water. These produced ovoid, non-papillate sporangia, of which 30 per isolate were measured. Sporangia averaged 52.5 ± 9.6 × 32.9 ± 4.7 μm (range 30.8 to 67 × 22.5 to 42.8) with a l:b ratio of 1.59 ± 0.19 (range 1.27 to 2.05), and exit pores of 11.1 ± 1.7 μm (range 7.31 to 14.21). External proliferation from previously emptied sporangia and hyphal swellings were observed on V8A. On V8A, colonies had optimal growth at 32°C (5.7 ± 0.8 mm d–1) with a maximum at 37°C. Colonies had a chrysanthemum-shaped, scanty fluffy aspect on PDA. Isolates were identified as Phytophthora taxon walnut on the basis of macro- and micro-morphology and sequence information from the ITS-rDNA region, that was amplified with primers ITS6 and ITS4 (3) after DNA extraction with a commercial kit (Sigma Aldrich). A region of the cox1 gene of isolate B164 was also amplified with primers OomCoxILevup and Fm85mod (4) and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KC291584), but this was irrelevant for identification purposes because that gene region has not been sequenced for other isolates of this taxon. A BLAST search in GenBank and the Phytophthora database revealed a 99% identity of the ITS-rDNA from our isolate B164 (KC291550) with the P. taxon walnut isolate P532 (AF541910) (2). Inoculation trials were conducted on 10 detached leaves. A little lesion was produced with a sterile scalpel on the lower leaf surfaces and a 0.5 cm Ø agar plug was placed over the wounds. Necrotic lesions averaged 3.7 ± 1.6 × 2.0 ± 0.5 cm after 1 week of incubation at 20°C in the dark. Control leaves showed no symptoms. Re-isolations on V8-PARPNH agar confirmed Phytophthora taxon walnut as the causal agent. Members of the Phytophthora genus grouping with the Phytophthora taxon walnut in clade 6 are mainly reported as saprophytes or pathogens from riparian ecosystems and forests (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Phytophthora taxon walnut from Italy. Since the oomycete proved in our growth trial to be distinctly thermophilic, we hypothesize that its spread is being favored by the rising temperatures observed during the last decades in the area. References: (1) Y. Balci et al. Plant Dis. 91:705, 2007. (2) C. M. Brasier et al. Mycol. Res. 107:277, 2003. (3) D. E. L. Cooke et al. Fungal Gen. Biol. 30:17, 2000. (4) G. P. Robideau et al. Bioinformatics 19:1572, 2011.
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Cazzaniga, Giovanni, Luigi A. Bisanti, Chiara Palmi, Giorgia Randi, Fabrizio Pregliasco, Silvia Deandrea, Silvia Bungaro et al. "A Childhood Leukaemia Cluster in Milan: Possible Role of Pandemic AH1N1 Swine Flu Virus." Blood 120, n. 21 (16 novembre 2012): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2496.2496.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 2496 Cases of childhood leukemia very rarely present as a significant time/space cluster. Clusters offer a unique opportunity to identify a point source causal exposure but, in practice, this is extremely difficult. We herewith report an apparent cluster of seven cases of childhood B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) occurring over a four week period (December 2009/January 2010) in Milan, Lombardy, Italy. Over the prior ten years (1999–2008), the mean number of cases per year in Milan was 7.3±1.3. The seven cases in the cluster were of varying ages at diagnosis (2–11 years); analysis of chromosomal abnormalities did not reveal recurrent features; inherited leukemia associated alleles did not show an augmented risk. Given the protracted natural history of ALL, initiated in utero, and the variable ages at diagnosis in this cluster, an exposure to a causal trigger or promotional factor focused proximally to the diagnostic time frame was suspected. Three cases attended one school and a fourth was the younger sibling of a student at this same school. No cases of leukemia were recorded in the previous ten years at the school. All four cases lived in the same small area of Milan. A space-time permutation scan statistic was applied to the whole series of data and revealed a clustering for the one month period of diagnosis and the small city area of the four cases (p-value=0.017). As the school had undergone extensive refurbishment 3–24 months prior to the diagnoses, exposure to chemicals and physical agents (including EMF) as well as leukemogenic paint solvents was considered but no supportive evidence for this was obtained. An outbreak of the AH1N1 influenza virus pandemic occurred in Milan 8–10 weeks prior to the diagnoses. All seven cases of ALL were later found to be AH1N1 antibody-positive, in contrast to 32.3% (95% confidence interval: 26,96% – 37,96%) of age-matched children in Milan. Interestingly, positivity was found in only one out of four children from Lombardy with kidney tumor for whom we could retrieve PB collected at that time. Additionally, all seven cases had features indicative of a likely paucity of infectious exposure in the first year of life (high birth order and lack of social contacts). These data do not establish causality but are compatible with the ‘delayed infection’ hypothesis for childhood ALL in which an abnormal immune or inflammatory response to a common infection promotes ALL in susceptible individuals (Greaves M., Nat Rev Cancer, 2006;6:193–203). This is the first time that a significant cluster of childhood leukemia cases has been linked, albeit tentatively, to a known infectious agent. Prior, descriptive epidemiological data have however indicated an association between increased rates of childhood ALL and epidemics of seasonal influenza in the UK (Kroll ME et al, J Natl Cancer Inst, 2006;98:417-20). The credibility of flu viruses as potential triggers of ALL requires further exploration including functional assessment in model systems. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Arienti, Chiara, Teresa Bosisio, Silvia Ratti, Rossella Miglioli e Stefano Negrini. "Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Effect on Pain Relief and Quality of Life in Oncology Geriatric Patients: A Nonrandomized Controlled Clinical Trial". Integrative Cancer Therapies 17, n. 4 (31 agosto 2018): 1163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735418796954.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: The aim of present study was to study the effect of osteopathic manipulation on pain relief and quality of life improvement in hospitalized oncology geriatric patients. Methods: A nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was performed in the Oncology Rehabilitation Unit, Milan, Italy, from September 2015 to March 2016. Twenty-three older cancer patients were enrolled and allocated in 2 experimental groups: the study group (OMT group, N = 12) underwent osteopathic manipulative treatment in addition to physiotherapy, and the control group (PT group, N = 12) underwent only physiotherapy. At enrollment (T0), 24 recruited oncology patients completed the sociodemographic forms and were evaluated for pain intensity and quality of life by an external examiner. All patients were revaluated every week (T1, T2, T3, and T4) for pain intensity and at the end of the study treatment (T4) for quality of life. A standard level of significance was set at α < .05. Results: The 2 groups did not significantly differ in age ( P = .682), body mass index ( P = .413), or gender ( P = 1). The osteopathic manipulative treatment added to physiotherapy produced a significant reduction in Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores both at T2 ( P = .004) and T4 ( P = .002). The difference in quality of life improvements between T0 and T4 was not statistically significant. NRS improved in the PT group at T4. Between-group analysis of NRS and quality of life with the Mann-Whitney test did not show any significant difference between the 2 treatments. Conclusions: Our study showed a significant improvement in pain relief and a nonsignificant improvement in quality of life in hospitalized geriatric oncology patients during osteopathic manipulative treatment. Trial Registration: Protocol registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03142386).
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Fornasaro, Silvia, Francesco Ciani, Alessia Nannoni, Guia Morelli, Valentina Rimondi, Pierfranco Lattanzi, Claudia Cocozza, Marco Fioravanti e Pilario Costagliola. "Tree Rings Record of Long-Term Atmospheric Hg Pollution in the Monte Amiata Mining District (Central Italy): Lessons from the Past for a Better Future". Minerals 13, n. 5 (18 maggio 2023): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13050688.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Trees may represent useful long-term monitors of historical trends of atmospheric pollution due to the trace elements stored along the tree rings caused by modifications in the environment during a tree’s life. Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) tree trunk sections were used to document the yearly evolution of atmospheric Hg in the world-class mining district of Monte Amiata (MAMD; Central Italy) and were exploited until 1982. An additional source of Hg emissions in the area have been the active geothermal power plants. A marked decrease (from >200 µg/kg to <100 µg/kg) in Hg contents in heartwood tree rings is recorded, likely because of mine closure; the average contents (tens of µg/kg) in recent years remain higher than in a reference area ~150 km away from the district (average 4.6 µg/kg). Chestnut barks, recording present-day Hg pollution, systematically show higher Hg concentrations than sapwood (up to 394 µg/kg in the mining area). This study shows that tree rings may be a good record of the atmospheric Hg changes in areas affected by mining activity and geothermal plants and can be used as a low-cost biomonitoring method for impact minimization and optimal resource and land management.
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Giorgino, Riccardo, Davide Maria Maggioni, Marco Viganò, Fabio Verdoni, Elisa Pandini, Cristiana Balbino, Nicola Manta, Roberto D’Anchise e Laura Mangiavini. "Knee Pathology before and after SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An Analysis of 1139 Patients". Healthcare 9, n. 10 (30 settembre 2021): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101311.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic drastically changed daily life activities and medical practice, leading to a reorganization of healthcare activities. People spent two months in home-isolation, changing their daily habits and undertaking a more sedentary lifestyle. Change in lifestyle is related to important consequences in knee pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outpatient activity for knee pathologies before and after lockdown in terms of incidence, severity, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: Medical records of patients with knee pathology in outpatient follow-up at IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi in Milan (Italy) were analyzed in the time frame 4 May–4 September 2020 and compared with patients examined between 4 May and 4 September 2019. Results: A significant increase of knee diagnoses associated to patellofemoral disorders in 2020 was found (p = 0.004). In addition, physiotherapy was significantly more prescribed in 2020 than in 2019 (p = 0.012). Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown did not drastically change knee pathology, but it may have had an impact on it, highlighting a summary worsening of patellofemoral disorders associated with other knee diagnoses. Further studies are required to validate this result.
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Morandi, Antonio, Carmen Tosto, Guido Sartori e Paolo Roberti di Sarsina. "Advent of a Link between Ayurveda and Modern Health Science: The Proceedings of the First International Congress on Ayurveda, “Ayurveda: The Meaning of Life—Awareness, Environment, and Health” March 21-22, 2009, Milan, Italy". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/929083.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The First International Congress on Ayurveda was held in Milan, Italy in March 2009 and it has been the first scientific event of this kind in western world. This groundbreaking international congress was devoted to human being as the product of interactions between Awareness, Environment and Health, subjects that the West tends to consider separate and independent, but that are believed deeply connected in Ayurveda, whose interdependence defines “The Meaning of Life”. The Congress established a bridge between indian and western philosophy, scientific and biomedical thinking in order to expand knowledge and healthcare. Main attention and address of the invited speakers was on the concept of “relationships” that, connecting living beings with environment, shape Nature itself. This concept is central in Ayurveda but is also common to other western scientific disciplines such as quantum physics and epigenetics that, in the four Sessions of the Congress, were represented by eminent experts. The importance of this event was underlined by the attendance of more than 400 participants and by noteworthy institutional endorsements, that added a significative political dimension of high social impact due to the topical period for CAM acceptance and integration in Europe.
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Famiglietti, Jacopo, Hicham Madioum e Mario Motta. "Developing a New Data-Driven LCA Tool at the Urban Scale: The Case of the Embodied Environmental Profile of the Building Sector". Sustainability 15, n. 15 (25 luglio 2023): 11518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511518.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Given the ambitious climate reduction targets of the European Commission for the building sector and the adoption of the life cycle assessment method for the environmental metrics, the authors of this research present a new tool that allows for an extensive evaluation of buildings (operational and embodied environmental profile). The tool developed is an engine written in Python that was applied to analyze the buildings of Milan, using several open databases available for the Lombardy region (Northern Italy). Approximately 240,000 building units were investigated and compared using ecoinvent 3.9.1 EN 15804 as a background library and characterization methods in compliance with EN 15978. The tool can establish reliable environmental benchmarks to implement building policies, such as climate footprint limits for new constructions as required by the recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (2023). This article shows the embodied impact of construction materials. The results for residential, commercial, and retail building units (old and new) are 15 kg CO2eq/(m2 of net area × year) for the entire building stock (old and new building units) and 21 kg CO2eq/(m2 of net area × year) for new buildings (nearly zero energy building units).
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Troiani, Diana, e Ermanno Manni. "A tribute to Italian physiologists of Jewish descent evicted during the persecution ordered by the Fascist Regime in 1938". Advances in Physiology Education 31, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00059.2006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present report commemorates the persecution of five renown Italian physiologists of Jewish descent that lost their chairs in medical schools because of the anti-semitic policies of the fascist regime. In 1938, Mussolini promulgated the Racial Laws, officially with the aim of safeguarding the purity of the Italian race in conquered African colonies. However, their true intent was to persecute the Italian Jewish community in agreement with the policy of Nazi Germany. In accordance with the Racial Laws, all non-Aryans were banished from professional activities and were evicted from public, social, and academic life. As a result, 98 full professors in Italian universities were removed from their academic positions. In medical schools, physiology, more than other discipline, lost the most prominent faculty members. Of the 17 full Professors of Human Physiology, five were of Jewish descent, and all were evicted: they were Camillo Artom from Palermo, Mario Camis from Bologna, Carlo Foà from Milan, Amedeo Herlitzka from Turin, and Ugo Lombroso from Genoa. All were talented and famous scientists who were forced to leave Italy and take refuge in foreign countries. At the end of World War II, Camis, Foà, Herlitzka, and Lombroso returned to Italy and resumed their previous academic positions, whereas Artom remained in the United States. Unfortunately, Camis died later that year. During the postwar period, some of the fascists responsible for the Jewish persecution were killed or committed suicide while the survivors were imprisoned and prosecuted. However, all were soon released and resumed their former positions.