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Tesi sul tema "Transporteur d'acides aminés"
Simonnet, Mégane. "Rôle du transporteur d'acides aminés Minidiscs dans le fonctionnement du système nerveux chez Drosophila melanogaster". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS046/document.
Testo completoAmino acids have many functions in the body in addition to their role as basic constituents of proteins. They can for example serve as a neurotransmitter or signal for the activation of intracellular pathways. Carriers of the SLC protein family facilitate their path through the plasma membrane. The heterodimeric amino acid transporters HAT belong to SLC proteins. HAT are composed of a light chain SLC7 ensuring the specificity of transport and a heavy chain SLC3 involved in the addressing of the protein complex to the plasma membrane. My thesis focused on studying the role of a SLC7 homologue in drosophila, Minidiscs (Mnd), in the functioning of the nervous system. Mnd might belong to system L carriers, mainly known for their role in cell proliferation. My thesis work led to highlight the location of Mnd in the drosophila brain in some neurons (mushroom bodies, dopaminergic neurons) and some glial cells (cortical glia). The presence of Mnd in the brain seems to be involved in the modulation of some behaviors such as negative geotaxis reflex. This work also showed that, as for mammal HAT, Mnd is associated covalently to a protein partner. Transport experiments seem also to confirm the belonging of Mnd to the system L. These results suggest that Mnd is probably involved in the regulation of neuronal activity and thus in the functioning of the nervous system, which had never been described for a system L carrier
Chen, Xing-Zhen. "Caractérisation cinétique stationnaire et préstationnaire du cotransporteur Na§+-glucose SGLT1 et du transporteur d'acides aminés rBAT". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq26656.pdf.
Testo completoToka, Iman. "Etude du gène BAC2 codant un transporteur mitochondrial d'acides aminés basiques induit par la contrainte hyperosmotique chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066538.
Testo completoDelescluse, Julie. "MND, un transporteur d’acides aminés, acteur clef de la réponse neuronale aux acides aminés des corps pédonculés, chez l’adulte Drosophila melanogaster". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK029.
Testo completoEvery living organism lives in an ecosystem, where it needs to detect and integrate multiple environmental factors (temperature, humidity, organic or non-organic chemical compounds...). These signals play an important role in communication between organisms. Each individual must link these external stimuli with its own internal signals (nutritional, metabolic, hormonal, infection...), and adapt its behavior to ensure its survival and reproduction. To achieve this, complex detection mechanisms have been developed, including the chemosensory system, allowing the reception and discrimination of external chemical molecules. Internal organs are sensitive to internal signals to detect deficiencies and control cellular and tissue homeostasis. These processes are made possible by transmembrane proteins that specialize in detection and/or transporting other molecules such as amino acids (AAs), essential for all cell types such as neuronal cells.My research focuses on an amino acid transporter belonging to the SLC7A family called Minidiscs (MND) and we showed that MND is expressed in the adult brain, in neurons and glial cells. This protein appears to be localized at the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. MND is expressed in neurons forming a particular brain structure called Mushroom Bodies (MBs) and plays a key role in the response of these neurons to several L-amino acids (L-Asp, L-Arg, L-Glu, L-Lys, L-Ile, L-Leu, and L-Thr). This result demonstrates that SLC7A transporters are involved in controlling neuron activity and suggests that MBs can directly detect L-amino acids via MND. That making this structure a center for detecting the individual's internal nutritional status. The response of these neurons to L-Leucine MND-dependent involves a TOR pathway and not a GDH one. Due to its localization within the CPs, MND may potentially modulate behaviors associated with this structure. However, the presence of MND in all MB neurons is not required for modulation of male territorial aggressive behavior.My results also show that MND is required for the MBs' response to L-Glutamate which is also a neurotransmitter. MND is described as a transporter of uncharged L-amino acids and not L-Glutamate which is a negatively charged AA. Five L-Glutamate receptors are expressed in the MB neurons expressing MND: NMDAR1, NMDAR2, KAIR1D, mGluR, and GluCl��. We demonstrated that MB activation via the NMDAR1 receptor is MND dependent. This glutamatergic signaling pathway does not appear to be involved in the regulation of aggressive behavior. However, MB activity in response to glutamate involving NMDAR1 appears to be modulated by the social environment. Thus, the response of the MBs is increased in isolated males compared to grouped males. This glutamate response via NMDAR1 could depend on the chronic detection of 11-cis-Vaccenyl Acetate (cVA), a male pheromone. This suggesting that social environment impacts the MB activity.Thus, my results show that SLC-type amino acid transporters are involved in the ability of neurons to respond to neurotransmitters, such as glutamate and AAs
Socha, Catherine. "Study of the metabolic aspects of resilience to intestinal infections in Drosophila melanogaster". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ106.
Testo completoUpon microbial infections, host defenses comprise two complementary facets. First, immune effectors target and kill the invading pathogen, an attack referred to as resistance. Second, the infected host must repair the damages inflicted by microbes or by the immune response itself, a mechanism called resilience. I have studied the effects of an intestinal infection with the bacterium Serratia marcescens in Drosophila. We have discovered a purge mechanism in the intestine, where enterocytes -the main cell type in the gut- extrude some of their internal contents. The intestinal epithelium thus becomes very thin but rapidly recovers its shape, thereby protecting the fly against the deleterious effects of infection. I have identified an amino acid transporter, CG1139, which is required for the intestinal recovery. CG1139 is necessary to mobilize the fly’s internal metabolic reserves and to transport some these metabolic stores back to the gut, in a retrograde manner
Apostolaki, Angéliki. "Topogenèse des transporteurs d'acides aminés chez le champignon filamenteux Aspergillus nidulans". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112281.
Testo completoTwo pathways have been discovered, which specifically and pleiotropically regulate the expression of amino acid transporter genes in Aspergillus nidulans. The first pathway comprises the products of aauZ and aauY genes. AauZ encodes a casein kinase I and aauY+ acts as a multicopie suprressor of aauZ102 mutation which drastically impairs most amino acids utilisation by preventing their uptake. AauY is similar to Pac2p and Gti1p of Schizosaccharomyces pombe in its N-terminal domain. This domain contains a conserved hydrophobic region (putative α-helix) and two conserved sequences, one putative target of CKI kinases and an other of a Pka1p-like kinase. AauZ and AauY are required for the expression of amino acid transporter genes at a post-transcriptionnal level since in aauZ102 agtA messenger steady state levels are not affected. AgtA encodes the major acidic amino acids transporter and has been also identified during this thesis. The two predicted proteins would act either in the same or in parallel pathways regulating the same cellular process. The second pathway depends on the genes affected in aau21 and aau22 mutant strains. In aau21 the arginosuccinate synthetase gene expression is strongly affected and in aau22 the expression of a thréonyl tRNA synthetase gene is drastically diminished. Both mutations affect amino acid utilisation by preventing their uptake. They may result in the modification of intracellular charged t-RNA pools of arginine in aau21 and of threonine in aau22. This would probably induce an amino acid starvation response. Since agtA steady levels are unaffected in both mutants, it seems that both mutations result in a post-transciptional default in the expression of amino acid transporter genes
Soustelle, Laurent. "Identification des transporteurs d'acides aminés excitateurs chez la Drosophile et analyse de leurs profils d'expression au cours du développement". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22079.
Testo completoBarbot, Laurence. "Etude de l'expression intestinale de transporteurs d'acides aminés et d'oligopeptides au cours de la cryptosporidiose expérimentale chez le raton non sevré". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05P617.
Testo completoCrytosporidium parvum is now recognized as being a major cause of diarrheal disease leading to malnutrition and growth retardation in young children. In order to assess the mechanism of C. Parvum-induced malnutrution, we investigated the intestinal expression of animo acid (EAAT3 and NBAT) and oligopeptides (PEPT1) transporters in an acute model of cryptosporidiosis in suckling rat aged from 4 to 50 days. We shown that parasite development induces a down- and up-regulation of PEPT1 and EAAT3 expression respectively along the entire small intestine at the peak of infection. Both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms are involved in response to parasite implantation, hypophagia and mucosal immune response. .
Zidi-Yahiaoui, Nedjma. "Propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles des protéines RhBG et RhCG, transporteur d'ammonium chez les mammifères". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077133.
Testo completoThe mammalian Rh (Rhesus) proteins (RhCE, RhD, RhAG, RhBG and RhCG) belong to the Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily of ammonium transportera identified in bacteria, yeasts, plants and animals. Whereas RhCE, RhD and RhAG are erythroid specific, RhBG and RhCG are expressed in key organs associated with ammonium transport and metabolism particularly in kidney and liver. We have investigated the ammonium transport function of human RhBG and RhCG by comparing intracellular pH variation in wild type and transfected MDCK and HEK293 cells in the presence of an ammonium (NH₄⁺/NH₃) gradient. Stopped-flow spectrofluorimetry analysis, using a pH-sensitive probe, revealed, as compared with wild type cells, a low temperature-dependence of ammonium transport and a faster alkalinisation phase in RhBG and RhCG-transfected cells. Our results show that NH₃ movement across the plasma membrane is facilitated by RhBG and RhCG indicating that these proteins behave as NH₃ channels. Homology models based on crystallographic structures o the bacterial NH₃ channels Escherichia coli AmtB (EcAmtB) and Nitrosomonas europaea Rh5( (A/eRh50) confirms a channel structure for human Rh glycoproteins. Based on the 3D structure, we have highlighted critical residues involved in Rh channel activity and specific mechanistics of NH transport as compared to EcAmtB. This study reveals similarities and differences in ammonia transport mechanism through EcAmtB and human Rh proteins. These functional specificities might be related to the different physiological nitrogen roles in bacteria and mammals