Tesi sul tema "Transport intelligent"
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1
Rajbhandari, Bidur. "Modelling intelligent transport systems applications for public transport". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246885.
2
Berg, Morten. "Evaluation of Intelligent Transport System Applications". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9234.
Abstract (sommario):
Most people in the developed world depend on transportation, both privately and in business. Overpopulated roads lead to problems like traffic inefficiency, e.g. congestion, and traffic accidents. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) deals with the integration of information technology into the transport system. Through this, applications for improving traffic efficiency, traffic safety and the driving experience are introduced. This report is going to look at ITS systems in general, explore an international standard under development for communication systems designed for these kinds of applications (CALM), look at a project aimed to use this standard to create a international system for ITS applications (CVIS), and explore some of the proposed applications for this system. A few applications have been thoroughly described and analysed through the use of use cases. This has resulted in a set of test cases from which the applications can be evaluated. Through the execution of these test cases it would be possible to draw conclusions on whether or not the applications proposed will be viable in a real world situation.
3
Hadjidimitriou, Natalia <1979>. "Classification algorithms for Intelligent Transport Systems". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7107/5/Natalia_Selini_Hadjidimitriou_Tesi.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) consists in the application of ICT to transport to offer new and improved services to the mobility of people and freights. While
using ITS, travellers produce large quantities of data that can be collected and analysed to study their behaviour and to provide information to decision makers and
planners. The thesis proposes innovative deployments of classification algorithms for Intelligent Transport System with the aim to support the decisions on traffic
rerouting, bus transport demand and behaviour of two wheelers vehicles. The first part of this work provides an overview and a classification of a selection
of clustering algorithms that can be implemented for the analysis of ITS data.
The first contribution of this thesis is an innovative use of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm to classify similar travels in terms of their origin and destination, together with the proposal for a methodology to analyse drivers’ route choice behaviour using GPS coordinates and optimal alternatives. The clusters
of repetitive travels made by a sample of drivers are then analysed to compare observed route choices to the modelled alternatives. The results of the analysis show that drivers select routes that are more reliable but that are more expensive in terms of travel time. Successively, different types of users of a service that provides information on the real time arrivals of bus at stop are classified using Support Vector Machines. The results shows that the results of the classification of different types of bus transport users can be used to update or complement the census on
bus transport flows. Finally, the problem of the classification of accidents made by two wheelers vehicles is presented together with possible future application of
clustering methodologies aimed at identifying and classifying the different types of accidents.
4
Hadjidimitriou, Natalia <1979>. "Classification algorithms for Intelligent Transport Systems". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7107/.
Abstract (sommario):
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) consists in the application of ICT to transport to offer new and improved services to the mobility of people and freights. While
using ITS, travellers produce large quantities of data that can be collected and analysed to study their behaviour and to provide information to decision makers and
planners. The thesis proposes innovative deployments of classification algorithms for Intelligent Transport System with the aim to support the decisions on traffic
rerouting, bus transport demand and behaviour of two wheelers vehicles. The first part of this work provides an overview and a classification of a selection
of clustering algorithms that can be implemented for the analysis of ITS data.
The first contribution of this thesis is an innovative use of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm to classify similar travels in terms of their origin and destination, together with the proposal for a methodology to analyse drivers’ route choice behaviour using GPS coordinates and optimal alternatives. The clusters
of repetitive travels made by a sample of drivers are then analysed to compare observed route choices to the modelled alternatives. The results of the analysis show that drivers select routes that are more reliable but that are more expensive in terms of travel time. Successively, different types of users of a service that provides information on the real time arrivals of bus at stop are classified using Support Vector Machines. The results shows that the results of the classification of different types of bus transport users can be used to update or complement the census on
bus transport flows. Finally, the problem of the classification of accidents made by two wheelers vehicles is presented together with possible future application of
clustering methodologies aimed at identifying and classifying the different types of accidents.
5
Luk, Yiu-wah Everett, e 陸耀華. "Potential applications of intelligent transport systems in urban freight transport". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29851397.
6
Mbiydzenyuy, Gideon. "Quantitative Assessment of Intelligent Transport Systems for Road Freight Transport". Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00553.
Abstract (sommario):
In this thesis, methods for using computer-based models as support tools for assessing Transport Telematic Services (TTSs) are studied. Such assessments provide one way to understand how TTSs can address problems caused by transportation, such as accidents, emissions, and energy consumption. TTSs are services based on telematic systems which are Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) involving the integrated use of information and communication technologies in transport. The focus is on TTSs that are relevant for road freight transport, even though the suggested methods can easily be adapted for TTSs in other areas. We characterize TTSs, e.g., in terms of their functionalities, and apply computer-based modeling for pre-deployment assessment of various TTSs (from an ex-ante perspective). By analyzing information provided by the suggested computer-based models, it is possible to make an informed decision whether to (or not to) deploy a given TTS. A review of previous studies reveals information about relevant TTSs for freight transport in areas such as driver support, administration, safety, traffic management, parking, and goods handling. A hierarchical clustering algorithm and a k-minimum spanning tree algorithm were employed to analyze synergies of TTSs. Synergies can enable identification of sets of TTSs that can lead to cost savings if deployed on a common platform (cf. Multi-Service Architectures). An analytical model inspired by the net present value concept is used to estimate quantified societal benefits of TTSs. An optimization model is formulated and solved using a branch and bound method to determine an optimal combination of TTSs taking into consideration societal benefits, costs, dependencies, and synergies. The optimization model also addresses possible system architectures for achieving multiple TTSs. Dominance rough set approach is used to assess and compare benefit areas for TTSs specific to truck parking. The benefit areas are suggested with the help of conceptual modeling, which describes functional models of a system in terms of states, transitions among states, and actions performed in states. The main scientific contributions of the thesis are in suggesting new quantitative models, extending and applying existing models in the assessments of TTSs, and obtaining results that can help decision-makers select TTSs for medium-to long-term investments. Researchers can employ and build on the proposed methods when addressing different scenarios (geographic or organizational) involving similar TTSs. By studying a range of TTSs and possible Multi-Service Architecture concepts for such TTSs, the thesis contributes to achieving convergence of TTSs in a Multi-Service Architecture environment that will improve cost efficiency, minimize redundancies, and encourage the establishment of standards in the deployment of TTSs in road freight transport. TTSs implemented in such an environment can contribute to optimizing available capacity, accuracy, speed, and efficiency of road freight transport systems.
7
BENVENUTI, FILIPPO. "Intelligent Decision Support Systems in Public Transport". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252967.
Abstract (sommario):
Nelle ultime decadi, l'incremento dell'efficienza di un Sistema di Trasporto Pubblico urbano (STP) sta assumendo un ruolo chiave nello sviluppo della società moderna. Ciononostante, la realtà è piuttosto lontana da un "mondo STP ideale", in cui i Trasporti Pubblici urbani non hanno particolari problemi nel fornire servizi efficaci ed efficienti nelle grandi citta. La realtà ci racconta che i gestori dei sistemi di trasporto urbano, nella maggior parte delle grandi città, stanno incontrando difficoltà sempre crescenti a mantenere alti livelli di efficienza. Per rispondere a questi problemi, in questo lavoro, vengono presentate tre proposte differenti. Innanzitutto è stato realizzato un framework volto a facilitare la progettazione di un sistema di monitoraggio nel settore dei trasporti pubblici, adottando lo standard europeo Transmodel come modello di riferimento. Il sistema proposto viene realizzato partendo dalla definizione di una "Knowledge Base" rappresentante una concettualizzazione del dominio del trasporto pubblico, al si sopra della quale vengono sviluppate una serie di funzionalità "logic-based".
La seconda soluzione proposta consiste nell'implementazione di un algoritmo di previsione utilizzato per predire il tempo di arrivo alla fermate dell'autobus nelle aree urbane, permettendo di migliorare la percezione dei viaggiatori sulla qualità del servizio offerto. Negli ultimi anni, oltre ai modelli formati da un singolo algoritmo (chiamati "Modelli semplici"), sono emersi modelli formati dalla composizione di più algoritmi (chiamati "Modelli ibridi"). In questo lavoro viene fornita una panoramica di "Modelli ibridi" confrontandone, allo stesso tempo, le prestazioni con "Modelli semplici" applicandoli ad un caso di studio reale. Da tale studio emerge che i "Modelli ibridi" superano le prestazioni "Modelli semplici" in ogni esperimento eseguito.
Il terzo modello proposto si focalizza sullo studio di una metodologia "umbalanced" applicabile a sistemi di visione per risolvere le problematiche legate alla gestione del traffico, come, ad esempio, la ricerca di parcheggi. A tale scopo viene sviluppata un'applicazione software per ottimizzare la fruizione dei parcheggi minimizzando, allo stesso tempo, il traffico causato dalla ricerca degli stessi. A causa della mancanza di dati utilizzabili, al fine di valutare comunque la qualità della metodologia proposta, tale modello è stato testato con il problema di rilevamento automatico di edifici a partire da dati aerei LIDAR.
Il problema della Building Detection automatica a partire da dati aerei, in letteratura, rappresenta un dominio applicativo notoriamente "difficile" da affrontare, a causa lo squilibrio che caratterizza i set di dati utilizzati. Il metodo proposto sfrutta l'algoritmo di Baesyan Vector Quantizer (BVQ) ed, al fine di verificarne l'efficienza in domini applicativi fortemente "umbalanced", è stato confrontato con altre metodologie note, come Adaboost o Metacost, in un vero e proprio caso di studio reale. I set di dati utilizzati sono formati da quattro classi fortemente sbilanciate (edificio, vegetazione alta, vegetazione bassa e strade) ed i risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che BVQ supera le prestazioni delle altre metodologie nella totalità degli esperimenti eseguiti.In the last years, the significance of improving efficiency of urban Public Transport Systems (PTSs) is taking a key role in the development of modern society. In an ideal world, urban PTSs have no particular problems in providing effective and efficient services that improve the Quality of Life (QoL) of people living in big urban areas. An efficient service would also help to solve some additional problems, such as air pollution and traffic congestions that often afflict high density urban areas. The reality, however, is that urban transportation systems in most big cities are far from ideal. Managers of PTSs services are experiencing ever greater difficulties in maintaining high levels of efficiency due to the ever-increasing congestion affecting the major urban centers. In order to face these issues and, at the same time, improve the efficiency of PTSs services, three different proposals are introduced. First, a framework, aimed to ease the design of a monitoring system in the public transport domain, has been realized by adopting the European standard Transmodel as reference model for a generic PTS system. The proposed framework is built around the definition of a knowledge base that includes a conceptualization of the public transportation domain, on the top of which a set of logic-based functionalities are developed. The second improvement proposed, consists in the implementation of a forecasting algorithm in order to predict arrival time at bus stop in urban areas that allows to improve the travelers' perception of the Quality of Service offered. In literature, several type of algorithms have been tested in order to predict arrival time at bus stops. However, in recent years, in addition to models formed by a single algorithm (called Simple Models), models formed by the composition of more algorithms (called Hybrid Models) have emerged. An overview of Hybrid Models has been performed by comparing them with Simple Models in a real-world case study from which resulted that the Hybrid Models outperform Simple Models in every experiment performed. The third improvement proposed regards the study of the impact of an "umbalanced" methodology in vision systems able to solve various issues related to traffic management such as parking discovery and occupational turnaround in order to develop a software application to optimize their employment and, in the same time, minimize traffic caused by parking lot search. Unfortunately PluService company, which provided the data to develop the entire work, had no dataset that can be used for the proposed purpose, and, for this reason, in order to assess the quality of the proposed methodology, it has been tested with building detection problem from LIDAR aerial data. Building Detection from aerial data, in literature, represents a notoriously "difficult" application domain to face, cause the imbalance that characterizes the datasets used. The proposed method takes advantage of the Baesyan Vector Quantizer (BVQ) algorithm and, in order to verify its efficiency in strongly umbalanced application domains, it has been compared with other well known methodologies, like Adaboost or Metacost, in a real-world case study. The datasets used are formed by four strongly imbalanced classes (building, high vegetation, low vegetation and streets) and the obtained results demonstrated that BVQ outperform the other methodologies applied in the totality of experiments performed.
8
Cheung, Suk-ling. "The potential of intelligent transport system (ITS) development in road transport of Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575680.
9
Le, Ahn Tuan. "Intelligent Control of Vehicle-Based Internal Transport Systems". [Rotterdam]: Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam ; Rotterdam : Erasmus University Rotterdam [Host], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/6554.
10
Taylor, Malcolm Geoffrey. "Intelligent improvement of repetitive robot assembly tasks". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308319.
11
Kamel, Joseph. "Misbehavior detection for cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT024.
Abstract (sommario):
Les systèmes de transport intelligents coopératifs (STI-C) est une technologie qui changera notre expérience de conduite. Dans ce système, les véhicules coopèrent en échangeant des messages de communication Vehicle-to-X (V2X) sur le réseau véhiculaire. Les applications de sécurité routière utilisent les données de ces messages pour détecter et éviter à temps les situations dangereuses. Par conséquent, il est crucial que les données des messages V2X soient sécurisées et précises. Dans le système STI-C actuel, les messages sont signés avec des clés digitales pour garantir leur authenticité. Cependant, l'authentification ne garantit pas l'exactitude des données. Un véhicule authentifié pourrait avoir un capteur défectueux et donc envoyer des informations inexactes. Un attaquant pourrait également obtenir des clés légitimes en piratant l'unité embarquée de son véhicule et donc transmettre des messages malveillants signés. La détection des mauvais comportements dans les STI-C est un sujet de recherche visant à garantir l'exactitude des messages V2X échangés. Il consiste à surveiller la sémantique des données des messages échangés pour détecter et identifier des entités à comportement suspect. Le processus de détection est divisé en plusieurs étapes. La détection locale consiste à effectuer d'abord des vérifications de plausibilité et de cohérence sur les messages V2X reçus. Les résultats de ces vérifications sont ensuite fusionnés à l'aide d'une application de fusion locale. L'application est capable d'identifier diverses anomalies V2X. Si une anomalie est détectée, le véhicule collectera les preuves nécessaires et créera un rapport de mauvais comportement. Ce rapport est ensuite envoyé à une autorité cloud de mauvais comportement. Cette autorité a pour objectif d'assurer le bon fonctionnement du système C-ITS et d'atténuer les effets des attaques. Elle recueillera d'abord les rapports des véhicules, puis enquêtera sur l'événement et décidera de la réaction appropriée. Dans cette thèse, nous évaluons et contribuons aux différents composants du processus de détection des comportements malveillants : la détection locale, le reporting et la détection globaleCooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) is an upcoming technology that will change our driving experience in the near future. In such systems, vehicles cooperate by exchanging Vehicle-to-X communication (V2X) messages over the vehicular network. Safety applications use the data in these messages to detect and avoid dangerous situations on time. Therefore, it is crucial that the data in V2X messages is secure and accurate.In the current C-ITS system, the messages are signed with digital keys to ensure authenticity. However, authentication does not ensure the correctness of the data. A genuine vehicle could have a faulty sensor and therefore send inaccurate information. An attacker could also obtain legitimate keys by hacking into the on-board unit of his vehicle and therefore transmit signed malicious messages.Misbehavior Detection in C-ITS is an active research topic aimed at ensuring the correctness of the exchanged V2X messages. It consists of monitoring data semantics of the exchanged messages to detect and identify potential misbehaving entities. The detection process is divided into multiple steps. Local detection consists of first performing plausibility and consistency checks on the received V2X messages. The results of these checks are then fused using a local detection application. The application is able to identify various V2X anomalies. If an anomaly is detected, the vehicle will collect the needed evidence and create a misbehavior report. This report is then sent to a cloud based misbehavior authority.This authority has a goal of ensuring the correct operation of the C-ITS system and mitigating the effects of attacks. It will first collect the misbehavior reports from vehicles and would then investigate the event and decide on the suitable reaction.In this thesis, we evaluate and contribute to the local, reporting and global steps of the misbehavior detection process
12
Tsukada, Manabu. "Communications Management in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0092.
Abstract (sommario):
Les systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) coopératifs sont des systèmes ou les véhicules, l'infrastructure routière, les centres de contrôle de trafic et d'autres entités échangent des informations afin d'assurer une meilleure sécurité routière, l'efficacité du trafic et le confort des usagers de la route. C'est dans ce but que l'architecture de station STI a été spécifié par l'ISO et l'ETSI. Le concept de cette architecture de référence permet aux stations STI-véhicules et stations STI-infrastructures de s'organiser dans un réseau véhiculaire adhoc (VANET), tout en utilisant des protocoles de communication tels qu'GeoNetworking IP v6 et IEEE802. 11p ainsi que toute autre technologie d'accès afin de se connecter de manière transparente à internet. Plusieurs chemins peuvent donc être accessibles à une station STI véhicule pour communiquer avec d'autres stations STI. Les chemins sont de trois types: le chemin direct, le chemin optimisé, et le chemin d'ancré. L'objectif de cette étude est d'optimiser la communication entre stations STI en sélectionnant le meilleur chemin de communication disponible. . Cela exige d'abord de recueillir les informations disponibles localement dans la station STI (la position, la vitesse, les exigences des applications, les caractéristiques des supports de communication, les capacités , l'état du chemin), ainsi que les informations des stations STI voisines (position, vitesse, services, etc. . ). Ces informations sont ensuite traitées par le biais d'un algorithme de prise de décision. Premièrement, nous définissons un module réseau qui permet la combinaison d'IPv6 avec le Geo Networking. Deuxièmement, nous proposons un module de gestion inter-couche pour la sélection du meilleur chemin. Nos contributions s'intègrent dans l'architecture de station STI par la définition de la relation entre la couche réseau et transport (qui héberge la contribution Geonetworking IPv6) et l'entité verticale de gestion inter-couche (qui accueille l'algorythme de décision pour la sélection de chemin). Nous avons spécifié les fonctions permettant l'échange de paramétres par l'intermédiaire de la SAP (Service Acess Point) entre la couche réseau et l'entité de gestion (MN-SAP). Les paramètres utilisés dans l'entité de gestion inter-couche sont extraits d'une manière agnostique par rapport aux protocoles de la couche réseau et transport, ce qui permet de remplacer facilement les éléments d'une couche sans affecter les autres (par exemple, remplacer NEMO par une autre protocole de mobilité) et de permuter plusieurs piles réseau (on peut choisir d'utiliser la pile par une autre protocole de mobilité) et de permuter plusieurs piles réseau (on peut choisir d'utiliser la pile IPv6 ou bien la pile GeoNetworking, ou encore une combinaison des deux à la fois ou même une autre pileCooperative Intelligent transportation Systems (Cooperative ITS) are the systems where multiple entities share information and tasks to achieve the ITS objectives (i. E. Road safety, traffic efficiency and comfort). Today, ITS Station architecture is being specified in ISO and ETSI as a result of discussion and consensus of the researchers and developers in ITS domain. In the architecture, ITS Stations are essential entities, that are distributed in vehicles, roadside infrastructure, centers and mobiles, to achieve the ITS objectives. The vehicle and roadside ITS Stations organize Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) to adapt multi-hop and highly dynamic network topology. GeoNetworking is a great candidate for VANET because the geographic routing shows strength in dynamic topology. In addition to VANET, the ITS Station equips multiple wireless network interfaces and connects to networks with multiple paths, which is called multihoming. The objective of the study is to optimize the communication between ITS Stations by improved decision-making algorithm using inter-component information exchange in IP-based cooperative ITS. First, we develop IPv6 GeoNetworking to take the advantages of both IP and GeoNetworking. Seconds, we propose a cross-layer based path selection management by extending a Service Access Point (SAP) between the network layer and the management entity specified in the ITS Station Architecture. The extended SAP is designed as most abstracted as possible to adapt to the future development of the ITS Station architecture. The proposed system is designed and implemented as a prototype. The prototype implementation is evaluated in both ideal and realistic scenarios using up to four vehicles. The network performance measurement is processed, visualized and analyzed with web-based tools
13
Laumônier, Julien. "Méthodes d'apprentissage de la coordination multiagent : application au transport intelligent". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20000.
Abstract (sommario):
Les problèmes de prise de décisions séquentielles multiagents sont difficiles à résoudre surtout lorsque les agents n'observent pas parfaitement l'état de Y environnement. Les approches existantes pour résoudre ces problèmes utilisent souvent des approximations de la fonction de valeur ou se basent sur la structure pour simplifier la résolution. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'approximer un problème de décisions séquentielles multiagent à observation limitée, modélisé par un processus décisionnel markovien décentralisé (DEC-MDP) en utilisant deux hypothèses sur la structure du problème. La première hypothèse porte sur la structure de comportement optimal et suppose qu'il est possible d'approximer la politique optimale d'un agent en connaissant seulement les actions optimales au niveau d'un petit nombre de situations auxquelles l'agent peut faire face dans son environnement. La seconde hypothèse porte, quant à elle, sur la structure organisationnelle des agents et suppose que plus les agents sont éloignés les uns des autres, moins ils ont besoin de se coordonner. Ces deux hypothèses nous amènent à proposer deux approches d'approximation. La première approche, nommée Supervised Policy Reinforcement Learning, combine l'apprentissage par renforcement et l'apprentissage supervisé pour généraliser la politique optimale d'un agent. La second approche se base, quant à elle, sur la structure organisationnelle des agents pour apprendre une politique multiagent dans des problèmes où l'observation est limitée. Pour cela, nous présentons un modèle, le D O F - D E C - M DP (Distance-Observable Factored Decentralized Markov Décision Process) qui définit une distance d'observation pour les agents. A partir de ce modèle, nous proposons des bornes sur le gain de récompense que permet l'augmentation de la distance d'observation. Les résultats empiriques obtenus sur des problèmes classiques d'apprentissage par renforcement monoagents et multiagents montrent que nos approches d'approximation sont capables d'apprendre des politiques proches de l'optimale. Enfin, nous avons testé nos approches sur un problème de coordination de véhicules en proposant une méthode de synchronisation d'agents via la communication dans un cadre à observation limitée.
14
Lo, Man-ki Christina, e 勞敏琪. "The application of intelligent transport system in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260032.
15
Sandstad, Eivind. "Building Intelligent Transport Systems with Reactive Blocks and OSGi". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26078.
Abstract (sommario):
Traffic systems are the cause of both significant carbon emissions andinjuries in our world today. In an effort to better the traffic systems,a large amount of work is being put into making them intelligent. Byincreased information sharing and decision-making based on better data,intelligent traffic systems (ITS) hope to increase efficiency and safety onthe roads. Making ITS can be quite complex as the systems are alreadycomplex and large, it is therefore important to make the developmentand quality of ITS as good as possible.This thesis aims to find out whether Reactive Blocks and OSGi, amodelling based tool and a component system run in Java, is the rightplatform on which to build an ITS, specifically in the Norwegian trafficsystem environment. Simply put, the question the thesis aims to answeris: To what degree is Reactive Blocks and OSGi a good platform for ITSdevelopment?To answer the aforementioned question, a literature study has beenconducted, as well as making and testing a prototype application. Fromthe results of the literature study and the prototype a theoretical evaluationof the platform has been made.The results indicate that Reactive Blocks and OSGi is a very goodfit to the platform of ITS. It is in all likelihood a right choice whendeveloping ITS. It has beneficial features that the competition lacks, thatmake up for its respective drawbacks.Based on the results, Reactive Blocks and OSGi is recommended fordeveloping ITSs.
16
Lo, Man-ki Christina. "The application of intelligent transport system in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21042573.
17
Kolosz, Ben William. "Assessing the sustainability performance of inter-urban intelligent transport". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5502/.
Abstract (sommario):
The implementation of ITS to increase the efficiency of saturated highways has become increasingly prevalent. It is a high level objective for many international governments and operators that highways should be managed in a way that is both sustainable i.e. environmental, social and economically sound and supportive of a Low-Carbon-Energy Future. Some clarity is therefore needed to understand how Intelligent Transport Systems perform within the constraints of that objective. This thesis describes the development of performance criteria that reflect the contributions of Information Communication Technology (ICT) emissions, vehicle emissions and the embedded carbon within the physical transport infrastructure that typically comprises three types of Intelligent Transport System. Active Traffic Management, Intelligent Speed Adaptation and the Automated Highway System are a collection of systems designed to transform the road network into a highly efficient and congestion free transport solution and all possess varying levels of uncertainty in terms of sustainability performance. The performance criteria form part of a new framework methodology ‘EnvFUSION’ (Environmental Fusion for ITS) outlined here. An attributional LCA and c-LCA (consequential lifecycle assessment) are both undertaken which forms part of a data fusion process using data from various sources. The models forecast improvements for the three ITS technologies in-line with social acceptability, economic profitability and major carbon reduction scenarios up to 2050 on one of the UK's most congested highways. Analytical Hierarchy Process and Dempster-Shafer theory are used to weight criteria which form part of an Intelligent Transport Sustainability Index. Overall performance is then synthesized. Results indicate that there will be a substantial increase in socio-economic and emissions benefits, provided that the policies are in place and targets are reached which would otherwise delay their realisation. To conclude, an integrated strategic performance management framework is proposed which performs socio-technical comparisons of four key performance areas between ITS schemes in order to identify energy and emission hotspots.
18
Cheung, Suk-ling, e 張淑玲. "The potential of intelligent transport system (ITS) development in road transport of Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575680.
19
Kim, Dong Won. "Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Multilevel Policy Network". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28087.
Abstract (sommario):
This dissertation is a descriptive study of a policy network designed for U.S. government and global cooperation to promote Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It is aimed at exploring the historical and structural features of the ITS policy network, and evaluating its roles in the policy process.
Until now, the network literature has barely examined the full arrays of networks, catching just part of their full pictures. First, this study draws attention to transnational networks and their organic or systematic relationships with lower levels of networks. Second, it examines the individual properties and synergy of three core elements of the ITS policy network: public-private partnerships, professional networks, and intergovernmental networks. Third, it takes a close look at the pattern of stability change and power relations of the policy network from within the net. Finally, this study discusses what difference networks make, compared to hierarchies and markets.
This dissertation employed multiple sources of evidence: unstandardized elite interviews, government documents, and archival records. Through a networking strategy to find the best experts, face-to-face, telephone, and e-mail interviews were conducted with twenty-two public officials and ITS professionals.
It was found that the U.S. ITS policy network was a well-designed strategic governance structure at the planning level, but an experimental learning-focused one at the implementation level. It was initially designed by a new, timely, cross-sectional coalition, which brought together field leaders from both the public and the private sectors under the slogan of global competitiveness. Yet, day-to-day managers within the net often experience much more complex power relationships and internal dynamics as well as legal obstacles; also, they confront external uncertainty in political support and market.
For better results, policy networks should be designed in flexible ways that will handle their disadvantages such as ambiguous roles, exclusiveness, and increased staff time. In this respect, it is inevitable for the networks to include some components of a wide range of conventional structures, ranging from highly bureaucratic to highly entrepreneurial, on the one hand, and ranging between issue networks (grounded in American pluralism) and policy communities (based on European corporatism), on the other hand.Ph. D.
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Larsson, Rasmus, e Johan Hallberg. "Athena - En intelligent och flexibel säkerhetslösning för transportbranschen". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2779.
Abstract (sommario):
The project team has chosen to carry out the project itself. This is to be able to work more flexibly in the product development process and not be guided by some guidelines.
Every day, we read in the media about a new truck burglary. The problem has become so common that we do not even notice it in the media. Each year the theft of 1 billion of Sweden and the entire 82 billion in Europe in 2008. This is an increase of 10 billion by 2007. However, reducing the number of crimes committed but the value of thefts increases. This, in turn, creates an unsafe working environment for both truck operators and drivers. With this information, it is clear that the truck industry is in urgent need of a new more reliable security product.
Throughout the project has worked with technologists to create a wide network of contacts with representatives from all stages of transport. This has resulted in technologists had a broad aspect of how widespread the problem is and what is demanded by the market. The project has during the whole project worked to Athena should be as automatic as possible. This is not the drivers or truck have to press some unnecessary buttons to activate the system or any of its functions. This is to facilitate for the drivers so much and also to streamline the shipment as much as possible. The group has in the project worked to Athena to be constantly active. It should never play any role if the cause is at an unattended location or at a terminal, it will always be automatically monitored.
With the help of the group's specifications, observations, and all information collected Athena has been developed. The project began in early stage testing Athena with successful results. These results have in turn been shown in various seminar Police have kept in and also the Länsförsäkringar Halland to use Athena as the only security product in their briefings of the haulage industry.
21
Laumonier, Julien. "Méthodes d'apprentissage de la coordination multiagent : application au transport intelligent". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25482/25482.pdf.
22
Anyigor, Ogah C. P. "Security and privacy in VANET-based intelligent transport systems (ITS)". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849080/.
Abstract (sommario):
The hostile environment in which Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) operate make them vulnerable to a plethora of security and privacy issues. VANET technology is applicable in a variety of domains such as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and often exhibit characteristics similar to Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) such as inadequate infrastructure and unreliable connectivity especially at the early stages of deployment. Hence, security and privacy techniques proposed for conventional VANETs may not scale well in such early deployment scenarios. In this thesis, novel security and location privacy schemes based on pseudonym communication, mix-zone, group communication, trust and certificate revocation are explored. First, the location privacy issue in DTN-based VANETs is analysed. Secondly, the use of an On-the-Fly Mix-zone Scheme (OFMS) together with a Privacy-preSerVing (PriSerV) scheme where vehicles can form mix-zones without the need for a Road Side Unit (RSU) is proposed. An extension to the PriSerV scheme considers full-scale deployment using a distributed architecture which represents later stages of deployment. Lastly, a Delay Tolerant Revocation Scheme (DTRvS) is proposed. In the scheme, malicious vehicles that drop packets are excluded from network communication. The opinion of other vehicles is used to identify misbehaving vehicles. The proposed OFMS shows an 8% increase in pseudonym change for a vehicle density of 250 vehicles. By varying the vehicle density from 50 to 250, there is about 6 to 10% increase in the pseudonym change compared to the basic scheme. When compared to the baseline scheme, the proposed OFMS-x show a 50% increase in the delivery probability and has a considerable decrease in the delivery overhead even with the increase in the number of vehicles in the network. In terms of the achievable location privacy, the proposed scheme performed better than AVATAR and the traditional mix-zone schemes. The security and efficiency analysis of the proposed DTRvS show that it is more robust compared to the baseline schemes. The delivery probability improved by 2 to 11% with DTRvS when 0 to 50% malicious vehicles are in the network. The chances of CRL delivery increases with the increase in the number of RSUs. Again, there is about 5% improvement when DTRvS is used compared to the use of native Spray & Wait-based routing scheme.
23
Binjammaz, Tareq. "Context-aware GPS integrity monitoring for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11397.
Abstract (sommario):
The integrity of positioning systems has become an increasingly important requirement for location-based Intelligent Transports Systems (ITS). The navigation systems, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), used in ITS cannot provide the high quality positioning information required by most services, due to the various type of errors from GPS sensor, such as signal outage, and atmospheric effects, all of which are difficult to measure, or from the map matching process. Consequently, an error in the positioning information or map matching process may lead to inaccurate determination of a vehicle’s location. Thus, the integrity is require when measuring both vehicle’s positioning and other related information such as speed, to locate the vehicle in the correct road segment, and avoid errors. The integrity algorithm for the navigation system should include a guarantee that the systems do not produce misleading or faulty information; as this may lead to a significant error arising in the ITS services. Hence, to achieve the integrity requirement a navigation system should have a robust mechanism, to notify the user of any potential errors in the navigation information. The main aim of this research is to develop a robust and reliable mechanism to support the positioning requirement of ITS services. This can be achieved by developing a high integrity GPS monitoring algorithm with the consideration of speed, based on the concept of context-awareness which can be applied with real time ITS services to adapt changes in the integrity status of the navigation system. Context-aware architecture is designed to collect contextual information about the vehicle, including location, speed and heading, reasoning about its integrity and reactions based on the information acquired. In this research, three phases of integrity checks are developed. These are, (i) positioning integrity, (ii) speed integrity, and (iii) map matching integrity. Each phase uses different techniques to examine the consistency of the GPS information. A receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm is used to measure the quality of the GPS positioning data. GPS Doppler information is used to check the integrity of vehicle’s speed, adding a new layer of integrity and improving the performance of the map matching process. The final phase in the integrity algorithm is intended to verify the integrity of the map matching process. In this phase, fuzzy logic is also used to measure the integrity level, which guarantees the validity and integrity of the map matching results. This algorithm is implemented successfully, examined using real field data. In addition, a true reference vehicle is used to determine the reliability and validity of the output. The results show that the new integrity algorithm has the capability to support a various types of location-based ITS services.
24
Cruickshanks, Scott. "Will privacy barriers limit the uptake of intelligent transport systems?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/368723/.
Abstract (sommario):
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have the potential to increase road-network capacities, reduce congestion and pollution, create shorter and more predictable journey times and significantly improve road-user safety. However, these technologies will also have the ability to track a citizen’s every move, extracting information about their daily lives. This data could range from information about the user’s driving style, to exactly where their vehicle was at any given time in its lifetime, right down to the radio station the driver listens to. It has been argued that privacy invasions caused by ITS will have a damaging effect on society, creating a ‘Big Brother’ or panopticon state. For these fears to be fulfilled, it needs to be the case that future users are not only concerned about the privacy impacts of ITS, but that the ITS will actually cause users to change their travel behaviour. This research examines the results of both a survey of 993 people across four culturally diverse European countries (the UK, Greece, Austria and the Netherlands). The survey primarily seeks to interrogate the factors influencing a future ITS user’s privacy concerns, their stated behavioural intention and their actual privacy behaviour. The results of this research show that privacy concerns could play a significant role in limiting the voluntary uptake rate of the technology. While this may not be critical to the success of all future ITS, future ITS which require high penetration rates to be successful will definitely need to consider the privacy aspects of their system. This research also indicates that when a future ITS user is required to decide whether to disclose their personal information, they will be influenced significantly more by their demographics and the potential risks associated with disclosing the information than the rewards that are on offer. This means that ITS developers should attempt to use less sensitive data where possible, consider using a more trusted organisation to collect and store the required information and also consider the user’s perception on how secure a transfer method is.
25
Nasim, Robayet. "Architectural Evolution of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) using Cloud Computing". Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35719.
Abstract (sommario):
With the advent of Smart Cities, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has become an efficient way of offering an accessible, safe, and sustainable transportation system. Utilizing advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), ITS can maximize the capacity of existing transportation system without building new infrastructure. However, in spite of these technical feasibilities and significant performance-cost ratios, the deployment of ITS is limited in the real world because of several challenges associated with its architectural design. This thesis studies how to design a highly flexible and deployable architecture for ITS, which can utilize the recent technologies such as - cloud computing and the publish/subscribe communication model. In particular, our aim is to offer an ITS infrastructure which provides the opportunity for transport authorities to allocate on-demand computing resources through virtualization technology, and supports a wide range of ITS applications. We propose to use an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model to host large-scale ITS applications for transport authorities in the cloud, which reduces infrastructure cost, improves management flexibility and also ensures better resource utilization. Moreover, we use a publish/subscribe system as a building block for developing a low latency ITS application, which is a promising technology for designing scalable and distributed applications within the ITS domain. Although cloud-based architectures provide the flexibility of adding, removing or moving ITS services within the underlying physical infrastructure, it may be difficult to provide the required quality of service (QoS) which decrease application productivity and customer satisfaction, leading to revenue losses. Therefore, we investigate the impact of service mobility on related QoS in the cloud-based infrastructure. We investigate different strategies to improve performance of a low latency ITS application during service mobility such as utilizing multiple paths to spread network traffic, or deploying recent queue management schemes. Evaluation results from a private cloud testbed using OpenStack show that our proposed architecture is suitable for hosting ITS applications which have stringent performance requirements in terms of scalability, QoS and latency.Baksidestext: Intelligent Transport System (ITS) can utilize advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and maximize the capacity of existing transportation systems without building new infrastructure. However, in spite of these technical feasibilities and significant performance-cost ratios, the deployment of ITS is limited in the real world because of several challenges associated with its architectural design. This thesis studies how to design an efficient deployable architecture for ITS, which can utilize the advantages of cloud computing and the publish/subscribe communication model. In particular, our aim is to offer an ITS infrastructure which provides the opportunity for transport authorities to allocate on-demand computing resources through virtualization technology, and supports a wide range of ITS applications. We propose to use an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model to host large-scale ITS applications, and to use a publish/subscribe system as a building block for developing a low latency ITS application. We investigate different strategies to improve performance of an ITS application during service mobility such as utilizing multiple paths to spread network traffic, or deploying recent queue management schemes.
Artikel 4 Network Centric Performance Improvement for Live VM Migration finns i avhandlingen som manuskript. Nu publicerat konferenspaper.
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Choi, S. K. "Towards intelligent transport systems : geospatial ontological framework and agent simulation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1553201/.
Abstract (sommario):
In an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) environment, the communication component is of high significance as it supports interactions between vehicles and the roadside infrastructure. Existing studies focus on the physical capability and capacity of the communication technologies, but the equally important development of suitable and efficient semantic content for transmission has received notably less attention. Using an ontology is one promising approach for context modelling in ubiquitous computing environments. In the transport domain, an ontology can be used both for context modelling and semantic contents for vehicular communications. This research explores the development of an ontological framework implementing a geosemantic messaging model to support vehicle-to-vehicle communications. To develop an ontology model, two scenarios (an ambulance situation and a breakdown on the motorway) are constructed to describe specific situations using short-range communication in an ITS environment. In the scenarios, spatiotemporal relations and semantic relations among vehicles and road facilities are extracted and defined as classes, objects, and properties/relations in the ontology model. For the ontology model, some functions and query templates are also developed to update vehicles’ movements and to provide some logical procedures that vehicles need to follow in emergency situations. To measure the effects of the vehicular communication based on the ontology model, an agent-based approach is adopted to dynamically simulate the moving vehicles and their communications following the scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate that the ontology model can support vehicular communications to update each vehicle’s context model and assist its decision-making process to resolve the emergency situations. The results also show the effect of vehicular communications on the efficiency trends of traffic in emergency situations, where some vehicles have a communication device, and others do not. The efficiency trends, based on the percentage of vehicles having a communication device, can be useful to set a transition period plan for implanting communication devices onto vehicles and the infrastructure. The geospatial ontological framework and agent simulation may contribute to increase the intelligence of ITS by supporting data-level and application-level implementation of autonomous vehicle agents to share knowledge in local contexts. This work can be easily extended to support more complex interactions amongst vehicles and the infrastructure.
27
Fang, Hsiao-jung Belinda. "The environmental economic & social implications of the intelligent transport system in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576593.
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Gashaw, Sosina Mengistu. "Modélisation de trafic routier hétérogène pour systèmes de transport intelligents". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4202/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette dissertation modélise et analyse les flux de trafic hétérogènes, avec une attention particulière portée à la circulation de voitures et de deux-roues. L'augmentation du nombre de congestions de trafic a forcé les personnes désirant se déplacer à se diriger vers les le deux-roues (appelé ici PTWs = powered two wheelers), comme les motos, les mopeds et les scooters, du fait de leur facilité de manoeuvre et leur efficacité dans l'espace. L'augmentation du nombre de PTWs combinée au caractère unique de certaines de leurs fonctionnalités a résulté en un trafic complexe, donc les particularités sont difficiles à recréer avec les approches de modélisation existantes. Nous développerons ici un modele analytique permettant de reproduire de manière pertinente les particularités d'un flux de véhicules mêlant à la fois les voitures et les deux-roues. Le trafic se décompose en deux classes de véhicules : les PTWs et les voitures. Les propriétés fondamentales sont déduites en employant une approche "porous flow". On suppose que la vitesse d'un véhicule d’une certaine classe est dictée par les propriétés physiques et motrices du véhicule, ainsi que la distribution d'espace vide sur la route. Nous proposons une méthode d'approximation pour dériver la distribution d'espace vide. Dans le but d'explorer plus largement les caractéristiques du flux de trafic notamment requis par les applications de système de transport intelligent (ITS), nous formulons le modèle dans les cadres lagrangien et eulérien. Puis, nous feront appel à une méthode numérique pour la discrétisation du modèle mathématique. Se basant sur le modèle développé nous analyserons les caractéristiques du flux de trafic pour en identifier les propriétés les plus importantes qui nous permettrons de prédire de futures ITS applications et d'organisations du trafic. La possibilité d'appliquer le modèle pour les différentes ITS applications est illustrée par des exemples. Finalement, le modèle développé est validé à l'aide de l'outil de microsimulationThis dissertation models and analyzes heterogeneous traffic flow, with a particular focus on mixed traffic flow consisting of cars and two-wheelers. The increase in traffic congestion induces commuters to switch to powered two wheelers (PTWs), i.e. motorcycle, mopeds and scooters, because of their high maneuverability and space efficiency. The growth in number of PTWs, combined with their unique mobility features, results in complex traffic characteristics which are difficult to recreate with the existing modeling approaches. We develop an analytical model that can accurately reproduce the traffic features in a mixed flow of cars and PTWs. The traffic stream is decomposed into two vehicle classes, PTWs and cars. The fundamental properties are derived by employing a porous flow approach. It is assumed that the speed of a vehicle class is dictated by the physical and motion properties of the vehicle class, and the distribution of free spaces on the road. We propose an approximation method to derive the free-space distribution. In order to explore broader aspects of the traffic flow characteristics, notably required by intelligent transport system (ITS) applications, we formulate the model in the Lagrangian and the Eulerian frameworks. Further, we provide a numerical method for the discretization of the mathematical model. We analyze the flow characteristics of mixed PTWs and cars traffic and identify important properties, which give insights for future ITS solutions and traffic policy makers. The applicability of the model for different ITS applications is illustrated. Finally, the developed model is validated using a microsimulation tool
29
Cottman, Nicholas James. "Modelling the impacts of intelligent transport systems using microscopic traffic simulation /". [St. Lucia. Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17339.pdf.
30
Aramrattana, Maytheewat. "Modelling and Simulation for Evaluation of Cooperative Intelligent Transport System Functions". Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centrum för forskning om inbyggda system (CERES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-12683.
Abstract (sommario):
Future vehicles are expected to be equipped with wireless communication technology, that enables them to be “connected” to each others and road infrastructures. Complementing current autonomous vehicles and automated driving systems, the wireless communication allows the vehicles to interact, cooperate, and be aware of its surroundings beyond their own sensors’ range. Such sys- tems are often referred to as Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), which aims to provide extra safety, efficiency, and sustainability to transporta- tion systems. Several C-ITS applications are under development and will require thorough testing and evaluation before their deployment in the real-world. C- ITS depend on several sub-systems, which increase their complexity, and makes them difficult to evaluate. Simulations are often used to evaluate many different automotive applications, including C-ITS. Although they have been used extensively, simulation tools dedicated to determine all aspects of C-ITS are rare, especially human factors aspects, which are often ignored. The majority of the simulation tools for C-ITS rely heavily on different combinations of network and traffic simulators. The human factors issues have been covered in only a few C-ITS simulation tools, that involve a driving simulator. Therefore, in this thesis, a C-ITS simulation framework that combines driving, network, and traffic simulators is presented. The simulation framework is able to evaluate C-ITS applications from three perspectives; a) human driver; b) wireless communication; and c) traffic systems. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) and its applications are chosen as the first set of C-ITS functions to be evaluated. Example scenarios from CACC and platoon merging applications are presented, and used as test cases for the simulation framework, as well as to elaborate potential usages of it. Moreover, approaches, results, and challenges from composing the simulation framework are presented and discussed. The results shows the usefulness of the proposed simulation framework.
31
Yao, W. "Applying public private partnerships to the provision of intelligent transport systems". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348213/.
Abstract (sommario):
As an integrated transport solution, ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) produce direct benefits for the traveller and operator and bring indirect benefits for society as a whole. Nevertheless, insufficient ITS funding holds back ITS development. PPP (Public Private Partnerships) offers an alternative financing channel, which can be advantageous for both public and private parties. Due to the characteristics of ITS, it can be difficult to attract the private sector to invest in some ITS projects where there is a fluctuating profit stream or where the profits cannot cover the investment. In addition, due to the existence of asymmetric information, it is possible for the private company to abuse his/her advantage in information over the public authority to seek excessive private gains. The aim of this research is to develop an incentive mechanism for a PPP contract for the provision of ITS, not only to motivate the private company to enter ITS markets but also to reduce the impact of asymmetric information between the two parties. The benefits and risks to both parties of entering into a contract for ITS provision are revealed in the World Bank and USDOT (United States Department of Transport) databases. ITS costs, potential funding sources, and the economic aspects of ITS are examined. The variety and interdependency of ITS cost components imply that it is possible for the private company to reduce costs under an appropriate incentive mechanism. Additional profit streams can diversify ITS funding sources and make it possible for otherwise low profit or non profit ITS systems to be provided without using government subsidy or an increase road user tolls. In this thesis, an investigation is conducted of ITS provision through PPPs in China, to investigate how they are used in the Chinese road sector and the bottlenecks in ITS development. There are two case studies to show how government regulation is used to encourage ITS provision through user payment and through subsidy. These findings provide a useful reference point for other areas of the world and are especially relevant to developing countries. A comprehensive evaluation framework is developed in this thesis to assess the ITS benefits to the travellers and the wider benefits to the community. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate these methods. In case study One, an SP survey of 1,357 motorway users was conducted in 2007, which examines travellers’willingness to pay for three distinct ITS systems on the Shanghai motorway network. In case study Two, using both AHP and REGIME models, an evaluation of the degree of traffic impact of these three ITS systems is presented. Their relative importance in Shanghai ITS motorway management is then established. This research leads to the development of a theoretical model which incorporates suitable incentive mechanisms for ITS provision through PPPs, on the basis that both parties expect value for money. Complexity has been increased in this model by introducing a subsidy and a shadow cost of subsidy variable, which has not been used in the previous literature. The relationship between subsidy and the efficiency level of the private sector is discussed under conditions of information asymmetry and symmetry. The model shows that it is possible for the private company to maximize the benefits of both the public authority and private company under two constraints, namely Individual Rationality (IR) and Incentive Compatibility (IC). Two working examples sourced from the case studies of two different ITS systems are used to calculate the potential profit and risk costs, first under a flexible payment scheme and then how this simplified by the use of an ITS incentive model. These examples strengthen the argument for the use of incentive models and contribute to ITS project profit control, which is the key for a successful ITS project through PPP.
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Gomez, Garcia Arturo. "Architecture VPAIR : agents de police virtuels pour la gestion par ITS du trafic routier". Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_gomez_garcia.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse se focalise sur les problèmes de congestion dans le contexte des systèmes d’information avancés pour le trafic routier (en anglais ATIS). Notre recherche vise à fournir une architecture alternative de transport intelligent (en anglais ITS) adressant les objectifs suivants : i) la conception d’une architecture abordable et basée sur les systèmes d’information du trafic, ii) l’inclusion dans les normes des architectures ITS courants, iii) traitement du problème d’affectation de la route, et iv) proposition d’un mécanisme pour la dissémination des données de trafic. Pour surmonter la complexité de la congestion du trafic dans les agglomérations urbaines, nous proposons une architecture alternative appelée VPAIR (agents de police virtuels pour la gestion par ITS du trafic routier) visant les pays en voies de développement. Ici, l’acteur principal est la communication inter-véhicule (en anglais IVC) construits sur un plan d’infrastructures légères et de coˆut abordable. Notre architecture répond en grande partie aux exigences des services qui traitent la congestion du trafic véhiculaire. Surtout dans les villes incapables de déployer des solutions actuelles en raison de contraintes budgétaires. Un autre aspect important traité dans cette thèse est la proposition d’un processus d’intégration dans les normes ITS de notre architecture. Nous avons `a cet effet proposé sur une étude de cas pour montrer la faisabilité l’intégration de notre proposition. Malgré les différentes approches pour faire face `a la congestion du trafic, l’objectif des systèmes d’information du trafic est l’amélioration de la fluidité des transports tout en évitant les nouvelles sources de congestion qui pourraient dégrader la mobilité pour les véhicules. Cela peut être traité grâce à l’affectation de la route. Nous proposons une ap- proche basée sur des simulations pour l’affectation dynamique des routes. Les résultats des simulations montrent que notre proposition d’affectation du trafic améliorer la situation de congestion du trafic, et réduisant considérablement le temps de trajet global des véhicules. Finalement, nous passons en revue un challenge important de notre proposition : la dissémination des données de trafic. Nous proposons une solution composite pour fournir une dissémination envahissant des donnés. De plus, nous évaluons nos solutions par simulations basées sur un scénario de la taille d’une ville réel afin d’étudier plus fidèlement l’impact de notre solutionProblem of vehicular traffic congestion. Our research aims to provide an alternative architecture in complement to the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) with the following objectives: i) design of an affordable architecture based on traffic information systems, ii) the inclusion of this architecture in the standards of current ITS architectures, iii) the traffic route assignment problem, and iv) the traffic data dissemination. To overcome the complexity of traffic congestion in urban settlements we propose an alternative architecture called VPAIR (Virtual Police Agents for ITS Traffic Routing) ori- ented to complement the actual ITS frameworks. Here, the principal actor is the Inter- vehicle communications built upon a design of light infrastructure and cost affordable. Our architecture responds mostly to the demands of related ITS services dealing with the traffic congestion. Especially in cities unable to deploy current solutions because of budget constraints. However, another important aspect is the breach in implementing such IVC-based proposals into running ITS implementations. In order to close this gap, we examine the existent ITS architectures and propose an integration process to conform our architecture proposal into ITS standards based on a case study. Notwithstanding the several approaches to deal with traffic congestion, the traffic information systems aims are improving the fluidness of transport while dodging new congestion sources that might degrade the transportation mobility. This can be delimited to the traffic route assignment problem. We propose a simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment to tackle the traffic congestion in order to improve greatly the global travel time of the drivers. Finally, we review an important player in the proposed architecture: the traffic data dissemination. We propose a composite solution to provide a pervasive dissemination of the traffic information. Moreover, we assess our solutions by simulation-based evaluations under a city-size scenario in order to study more faithfully the impact of our solution
33
Bakhtyar, Shoaib. "On the Synergies Between an Electronic Waybill and Intelligent Transport Systems Services". Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00566.
Abstract (sommario):
The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate potential synergies between an electronic waybill (e-Waybill) and other Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services. An e-Waybill service, as presented in this thesis, should be able to perform the functions of a paper waybill (which is an important transport document and contains essential information about a consignment) and it should contain at least the information specified in a paper waybill. To investigate synergies between the e-Waybill solutions and ITS services, we present 5 conceptual e-Waybill solutions that differ in where the e-Waybill information is stored, read, and written. These solutions are further investigated for functional and technical requirements (non-functional requirements), which can potentially impose constraints on a potential system that should implement the e-Waybill service. A set of 20 ITS services are considered for synergy analysis in this thesis. These services are mainly for road transport, however most of them are relevant to be considered for utilization in other modes of transport as well. For information synergy analysis, the e-Waybill solutions are assessed based on their synergies with ITS services. For different ITS services, the required input information entities are identified; and if at least one information entity can be provided by an e-Waybill at the right location we regard it to be a synergy. The result from our synergy analysis may support the choice of practical e-Waybill systems, which has the possibility to provide high synergy with ITS services. This may lead to a higher utilization of ITS services and more sustainable transport, e.g., in terms of reduced congestion and emissions. Additionally, a service design method has been proposed for supporting the process of designing new ITS services, which primarily utilizes on functional synergies with already existing ITS services. In order to illustrate the usage of the suggested method, we have applied it for designing a new ITS service, i.e., the Liability Intelligent Transport System (LITS) service. The purpose of the LITS service is to support the process of identifying when, where, and by whom a consignment has been damaged and who was responsible when the consignment was damaged.
34
Van, der Heijden Rens Wouter [Verfasser]. "Misbehavior detection in cooperative intelligent transport systems / Rens Wouter Van der Heijden". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117425193X/34.
35
Leblanc, Brice. "Analyse non supervisée de données issues de Systèmes de Transport Intelligent-Coopératif". Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS014.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse se situe dans le contexte des réseaux véhiculaires (VANET), et plus particulièrement dans le contexte des Systèmes de Transport Intelligent-Coopératif (STI-C). Ces systèmes échangent des informations pour améliorer la sécurité routière.Le but de cette thèse est d'introduire des outils d'analyse de données qui peuvent fournir aux opérateurs routiers des informations sur l'utilisation et état de leurs infrastructures. Par conséquent, ces informations peuvent contribuer à améliorer la sécurité routière. Nous identifions deux cas que nous voulons traiter : l'identification des profils de conduite et la détection des obstacles routiers.Pour traiter ces questions, nous proposons d'utiliser des approches d'apprentissage non supervisées : des méthodes de regroupement pour l'identification des profils de conduite, et la détection de changement de concept pour la détection des obstacles. Cette thèse présente trois contributions principales : une méthodologie nous permettant de transformer les données brutes des STI-C en un ensemble de trajectoires puis de données d'apprentissage ; l'utilisation de méthodes classiques de regroupement et des points d'intérêt pour les profils de conduite avec des expériences sur les données issues des appareils mobiles et des journaux du réseau ; et la prise en compte d'une foule de véhicules fournissant des journaux du réseau considérés comme flux de données en entrée d'algorithmes de détection de changement de concept pour reconnaître les obstacles routiersThis thesis takes place in the context of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), and more specifically the context of Cooperative-Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS). These systems are exchanging information to enhance road safety.The purpose of this thesis is to introduce data analysis tools that may provide road operators information on the usage/state of their infrastructures. Therefore, this information may help to improve road safety. We identify two cases we want to deal with: driving profile identification and road obstacle detection.For dealing with those issues, we propose to use unsupervised learning approaches: clustering methods for driving profile identification, and concept drift detection for obstacle detection. This thesis introduces three main contributions: a methodology allowing us to transform raw C-ITS data in, first, trajectory, and then, learning data-set; the use of classical clustering methods and Points Of Interests for driving profiles with experiments on mobile device data and network logs data; and the consideration of a crowd of vehicles providing network log data as data streams and considered as input of concept drift detection algorithms to recognize road obstacles
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Gherbi, Elies. "Apprentissage automatique pour la détection d'intrusion dans les systèmes du transport intelligent". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG037.
Abstract (sommario):
De nombreuse avancée et innovations technologiques sont introduites dans le monde de l'automobile. Plusieurs domaines scientifiques et applicatifs contribuent à l'amélioration de ces avancées. L'une des dimensions importantes est la cybersécurité. Effectivement, les véhicules autonomes seront sujets aux cyberattaques et les cybers criminels pourraient pirater les systèmes d'exploitation des véhicules et perturber leur fonctionnement et mettre en danger la sûreté des passagers. Ainsi, la cybersécurité reste un obstacle à surmonter pour sécuriser les véhicules et permettre aux innovations technologiques dans le domaine des transports d'apporter des solutions aux problèmes de la société et éviter leur détournement à des fins malicieuses. En effet, la conception actuelle et future des véhicules autonomes implique de nombreuses interfaces de communication, la communication dans le véhicule entre les différents systèmes embarqués, les communications Vehicle-to-X (V2X) entre le véhicule et d'autres véhicules et structures connectés sur les routes. Plusieurs mécanismes de défense sont implémentés pour répondre aux normes de sécurité (antivirus, pare-feu, etc.), mais nous ne pouvons pas être sûrs que toutes les failles possibles sont couvertes, spécialement dans des systèmes complexes comme les voitures autonomes. Le système de détection d'intrusion a été introduit dans le monde IT pour évaluer l'état du réseau et détecter tous les comportements malveillants. Le monde l'IT a connu beaucoup plus d'expérience en termes de mécanisme de défense qui peut inspirer la cybersécurité des transports intelligent (voiture autonome), néanmoins, ces dernières requirent leurs propres besoins et contraintes liées à la sûreté et aussi à leur architecture system. L'état actuel de l'évolution des véhicules a été rendu possible grâce à des innovations successives dans de nombreux domaines industriels et de recherche. L'intelligence artificielle en fait partie, ses différentes techniques permettent d'apprendre et de mettre en oeuvre des tâches complexe tel que la conduite autonome. Cette thèse vise à développer un system intelligent de détection d'intrusion en utilisant l'apprentissage automatique dans un contexte automobile. L'objectif est d'évaluer l'impact de l'apprentissage automatique sur l'amélioration de la sécurité des véhicules futurs (autonomes). Notre objectif principal est la sécurité des communications entres les différents systèmes dans la voiture. Dans ce but, nous menons une enquête empirique pour déterminer les besoins sous-jacents et les contraintes qu'exigent les systèmes embarqués. Nous passons en revue la littérature d'apprentissage profond pour la détection d'anomalie, on note qu'il y a un manque d'étude personnalisée sur le système de détection d'intrusion de véhicule autonome utilisant l'apprentissage profond. Dans de telles applications, les données sont déséquilibrées : le taux d'exemples normal est beaucoup plus élevé que les exemples anormaux. L'émergence du réseau antagoniste (GAN) a récemment apporté de nouveaux algorithmes pour la détection des anomalies. Nous développons une approche antagoniste (adversarial) pour la détection des anomalies, basée sur un Encoding Adversarial Network (EAN). L'architecture future des réseaux embarqués dans les véhicules est composée de différents sous-systèmes. Chaque sous-système est responsable de services spécifiques qui assurent le fonctionnement autonome du véhicule. Pour des raisons fonctionnelles et de sécurité, les sous-systèmes sont isolés, formant une architecture de communication hiérarchiquesde l'ensemble du système. Dans cette thèse, nous concevons un IDS distribué qui s'adapte à l'architecture embarquée et à ses contraintes et réduit le taux de surcharge de communicationinduit par le traitement de l'IDSDespite all the different technological innovations and advances in the automotive field, autonomous vehicles are still in the testing phase. Many actors are working on several improvements in many domains to make autonomous cars the safest option. One of the important dimensions is cybersecurity. Autonomous vehicles will be prone to cyberattacks, and criminals might be motivated to hack into the vehicles' operating systems, steal essential passenger data, or disrupt its operation and jeopardize the passenger's safety. Thus, cybersecurity remains one of the biggest obstacles to overcome to ensure vehicles safety and the contribution that this technology can bring to society. Indeed, the actual and future design and implementation of Autonomous Vehicles imply many communication interfaces, In-vehicle communication of the embedded system, Vehicle-to-X (V2X) communications between the vehicle and other connected vehicles and structures on the roads. Even though the cybersecurity aspect is incorporated by design, meaning that the system needs to satisfy security standards (anti-virus, firewall, etc.), we cannot ensure that all possible breaches are covered. The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been introduced in the IT world to assess the state of the network and detect if a violation occurs. Many experiences and the history of IT have inspired the cybersecurity for autonomous vehicles. Nevertheless, autonomous vehicles exhibit their own needs and constraints. The current state of vehicles evolution has been made possible through successive innovations in many industrial and research fields. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of them. It enables learning and implementing the most fundamental self-driving tasks. This thesis aims to develop an intelligent invehicle Intrusion detection system (IDS) using machine learning (ml) from an automotive perspective, to assess and evaluate the impact of machine learning on enhancing the security of future vehicle intrusion detection system that fits in-vehicle computational constraints. Future In-vehicle network architecture is composed of different subsystems formed of other ECUs (Electronic Controller Units). Each subsystem is vehicles. Our primary focus is on In-vehicle communication security. We conduct an empirical investigation to determine the underlying needs and constraints that in-vehicle systems require. First, we review the deep learning literature for anomaly detection and studies on autonomous vehicle intrusion detection systems using deep learning. We notice many works on in-vehicle intrusion detection systems, but not all of them consider the constraints of autonomous vehicle systems. We conduct an empirical investigation to determine the underlying needs and constraints that in-vehicle systems require. We review the deep learning literature for anomaly detection, and there is a lack of tailored study on autonomous vehicle intrusion detection systems using Deep Learning (DL). In such applications, the data is unbalanced: the rate of normal examples is much higher than the anomalous examples. The emergence of generative adversarial networks (GANs) has recently brought new algorithms for anomaly detection. We develop an adversarial approach for anomaly detection based on an Encoding adversarial network (EAN). Considering the behaviour and the lightweight nature of in-vehicle networks, we show that EAN remains robust to the increase of normal examples modalities, and only a sub-part of the neural network is used for the detection phase. Controller Area Network (CAN) is one of the mostused vehicle bus standards designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate. We propose a Deep CAN intrusion detection system framework. We introduce a Multi-Variate Time Series representation for asynchronous CAN data. We show that this representation enhances the temporal modelling of deep learning architectures for anomaly detection
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Masri, Ali. "Multi-Network integration for an Intelligent Mobility". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV091/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Les systèmes de transport sont un des leviers puissants du progrès de toute société. Récemment les modes de déplacement ont évolué significativement et se diversifient. Les distances quotidiennement parcourues par les citoyens ne cessent d'augmenter au cours de ces dernières années. Cette évolution impacte l'attractivité et la compétitivité mais aussi la qualité de vie grandement dépendante de l'évolution des mobilités des personnes et des marchandises. Les gouvernements et les collectivités territoriales développent de plus en plus des politiques d'incitation à l'éco-mobilité. Dans cette thèse nous nous concentrons sur les systèmes de transport public. Ces derniers évoluent continuellement et offrent de nouveaux services couvrant différents modes de transport pour répondre à tous les besoins des usagers. Outre les systèmes de transports en commun, prévus pour le transport de masse, de nouveaux services de mobilité ont vu le jour, tels que le transport à la demande, le covoiturage planifié ou dynamique et l'autopartage ou les vélos en libre-service. Ils offrent des solutions alternatives de mobilité et pourraient être complémentaires aux services traditionnels. Cepandant, ces services sont à l'heure actuelle isolés du reste des modes de transport et des solutions multimodales. Ils sont proposés comme une alternative mais sans intégration réelle aux plans proposés par les outils existants. Pour permettre la multimodalité, le principal challenge de cette thèse est l'intégration de données et/ou de services provenant de systèmes de transports hétérogènes. Par ailleurs, le concept de données ouvertes est aujourd'hui adopté par de nombreuses organisations publiques et privées, leur permettant de publier leurs sources de données sur le Web et de gagner ainsi en visibilité. On se place dans le contexte des données ouvertes et des méthodes et outils du web sémantique pour réaliser cette intégration, en offrant une vue unifiée des réseaux et des services de transport. Les verrous scientifiques auxquels s'intéresse cette thèse sont liés aux problèmes d'intégration à la fois des données et des services informatiques des systèmes de transport sous-jacentsMultimodality requires the integration of heterogeneous transportation data and services to construct a broad view of the transportation network. Many new transportation services (e.g. ridesharing, car-sharing, bike-sharing) are emerging and gaining a lot of popularity since in some cases they provide better trip solutions.However, these services are still isolated from the existing multimodal solutions and are proposed as alternative plans without being really integrated in the suggested plans. The concept of open data is raising and being adopted by many companies where they publish their data sources to the web in order to gain visibility. The goal of this thesis is to use these data to enable multimodality by constructing an extended transportation network that links these new services to existing ones.The challenges we face mainly arise from the integration problem in both transportation services and transportation data
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Yamben, Jean-Yves. "Intelligent decision support system for transport infrastructure investment with emphasis on joint logistic". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för för interaktion och systemdesign, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1306.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this thesis is to provide to the governmental decision-maker/user, an instrument that can assist him/her in improving the infrastructure investment decision in the economical, environmental and sustainable aspects. This means that, the Return on Investment (ROI) of the concerned transport infrastructure, satisfying environmental and sustainable constraints must be positive, and corresponding to an optimal investment cost. The decision support system can be applied in two dimensions. One dimension is where the real negotiation process is occurring between private and public stakeholders, called “real time negotiation process”. The second dimension is where the negotiation process is impelled by the user (public part) without private stakeholders interaction (but with interaction through simulation), called “virtual negotiation process”. The simulation and local optimization techniques, in phase with agent technology, used in the “virtual negotiation process” enable us to achieve a certain amount of alternative decisions to the primary/suggested decision to be evaluated. The CommonKADS methodology with mathematical modeling, and agent technology have been the support respectively for extracting and implementing the knowledge in the domain, monitoring, automating and updating the decision process. The principle of “Joint logistic” [1] in my effort concerns by the means of sharing financial and information resources; This leads to the empowerment of the supply chain feedbacks (roles), involved in the earlier stages of public transport decision making-process. It appears that within the decision-making process, the government is often dealing with the conflicting objectives, while interacting with the business stakeholders. For instance, the estimated investment cost of a specific transport infrastructure can exceed the income generated by this infrastructure, thus the ROI of the concerned transport infrastructure (TI) will be negative. From this perspective the government faces three choices: a) increase the rate of the taxes applied on that transport infrastructure or any other taxes, in order to make ROI positive, this can be matter of discussion/disagreement for the business community b) reduce the investment cost which means suggest a different TI with a lower quality standard compared to the previous; this can also be a matter of disagreement between the two concerned stakeholders. c) delay of the investment in the specific transport infrastructure. In fact in the most situations the government uses the first approach, which effects might be consequently unpredictable and disastrous in the economical and environmental sense for the government. From this point of view my attempt is to propose an intelligent decision support system for governments or project groups (e.g. East West project group), involving conceptually as components web portal, database, simulator and knowledge base, that bases on an approach, that enables this negotiation/information exchange at the earlier steps of decision-making situation. This is concretized by gathering in real time accurate and relevant information from the private sector; furthermore the knowledgebase of the designed system is conceived via the experience and historical knowledge of the concerned experts in the domain.Please contact me via email : yjeanyv@hotmail.com or phone: +224 64 97 43 79
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Johnston, Katherine Amelia. "Using risk analysis to prioritise road-based intelligent transport systems (ITS) in Queensland". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16282/1/Katherine_Johnston_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
With perpetual strains on resources, road agencies need to develop network-level decision-making frameworks to ensure optimum resource allocation. This is especially true for incident management services and in particular variable message signs (VMS), which are relatively immature disciplines compared to traditional road engineering. The objective of incident management and VMS is to minimise the safety, efficiency, reliability and environmental impacts of incidents on the operations of the transport system. This may be achieved by informing travellers of the incidents so they can adapt their behaviour in a manner that reduces community impacts, such as lateness and the associated vehicle emissions, unreliability of travel times, as well as secondary accidents due to incidents.
Generally, road authorities do carry out needs assessments, but qualitatively in many cases. Therefore, this masters research presents a framework that is systematic, quantitative and relatively easy to implement. In order to prioritise VMS infrastructure deployment, a risk management approach was taken that focuses on minimising the impacts on, and costs to the community. In the framework and case study conducted, safety, efficiency and reliability, and environmental impacts are quantified using an economic risk management approach to determine an overall risk score. This score can be used to rank road sections within the network, indicating the roads with the highest risk of incident network impacts and therefore the roads with the highest need for intervention. A cost-effectiveness based risk-reduction ranking can then be determined for each incident management treatment type, comparing the net risk with treatment to that without treatment, and dividing by the net present value of deployment. The two types of ranking, pure risk and cost-effectiveness based risk reduction, will help to minimise the network impacts on the community and optimise resource allocation.
40
Johnston, Katherine Amelia. "Using risk analysis to prioritise road-based intelligent transport systems (ITS) in Queensland". Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16282/.
Abstract (sommario):
With perpetual strains on resources, road agencies need to develop network-level decision-making frameworks to ensure optimum resource allocation. This is especially true for incident management services and in particular variable message signs (VMS), which are relatively immature disciplines compared to traditional road engineering. The objective of incident management and VMS is to minimise the safety, efficiency, reliability and environmental impacts of incidents on the operations of the transport system. This may be achieved by informing travellers of the incidents so they can adapt their behaviour in a manner that reduces community impacts, such as lateness and the associated vehicle emissions, unreliability of travel times, as well as secondary accidents due to incidents.
Generally, road authorities do carry out needs assessments, but qualitatively in many cases. Therefore, this masters research presents a framework that is systematic, quantitative and relatively easy to implement. In order to prioritise VMS infrastructure deployment, a risk management approach was taken that focuses on minimising the impacts on, and costs to the community. In the framework and case study conducted, safety, efficiency and reliability, and environmental impacts are quantified using an economic risk management approach to determine an overall risk score. This score can be used to rank road sections within the network, indicating the roads with the highest risk of incident network impacts and therefore the roads with the highest need for intervention. A cost-effectiveness based risk-reduction ranking can then be determined for each incident management treatment type, comparing the net risk with treatment to that without treatment, and dividing by the net present value of deployment. The two types of ranking, pure risk and cost-effectiveness based risk reduction, will help to minimise the network impacts on the community and optimise resource allocation.
41
Zayed, Mohamed. "Véhicules intelligents : étude et développement d'un capteur intelligent de vision pour l'attelage virtuel". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b030da38-33c4-479d-b15b-10751fda9f2f.
Abstract (sommario):
Si de nombreux aspects de notre vie sont devenus plus agréables grâce à l'utilisation de technologies avancées, il a fallu longtemps au secteur du transport pour combler son retard en la matière. Aujourd'hui, ces progrès sont devenus incontournables. Ce travail décrit la perception de l'environnement à l'avant d'un véhicule, sur la base d'un capteur stéréoscopique conçu et mis en place en s'appuyant sur le concept de capteur intelligent afin de réaliser un Attelage Virtuel. Après une présentation de la problématique associée, le premier chapitre dresse l'état de l'art en matière de véhicules intelligents. Le second introduit la notion de capteur intelligent et présente les approches de conception que nous mettons en application pour identifier les différents services et fonctionnalités que doit intégrer ce capteur stéréoscopique intelligent pour contribuer à la réalisation de la tâche d'Attelage Virtuel. Le dernier chapitre expose la réalisation du capteur stéréoscopique. Nous y détaillons les problèmes que posent l'application de la stéréovision au domaine des transports et les solutions que nous y avons apportées. Ainsi, sont évoquées les difficultés posées par la phase de calibration, l'extraction en temps réel des zones d'intérêt et le problème de certification des données obtenues. Le respect des contraintes temporelles nous a conduit à mettre en oeuvre un dispositif d'extraction et de tracking. Les performances de chacun des modules constitutifs de notre capteur sont étayées par des résultats expérimentaux obtenus en situation réelle. Enfin, nous présentons une technique permettant le suivi du véhicule avec une seule caméra. .
42
方曉蓉 e Hsiao-jung Belinda Fang. "The environmental economic & social implications of the intelligent transport system in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576593.
43
Daoud, Ramez. "Wireless and wired Ethernet for intelligent transportation systems". Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ace94389-4796-4b12-b00d-9d4eb917a682.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette étude se focalise sur les aspects de communications filaires et sans fil des systèmes de transports intelligents. Dans une première partie, le réseau embarqué d’un véhicule est constitué à l’aide du réseau Ethernet. Cette approche vise à diminuer la quantité de câbles présents dans les véhicules actuels. Le modèle proposé apporte une aide pour satisfaire les demandes de communications des passagers des véhicules futurs en ce qui concerne les connections Internet, les vidéos en demande, les communications Voice over IP (VoIP) et les vidéos conférences. Un système de communication, interactif et temps réel, est également proposé pour assister le conducteur en fournissant des informations sur le trafic. Une seconde partie est consacrée à la communication sans fil pour la gestion des informations échangées entre entités mobiles dans une zone de trafic urbain. Un modèle de système de communication, s'appuyant sur la technologie WiFi, est utilisé pour les échanges d'informations entre les entités mobiles et entre un point central de communication (noeud de correspondance). Des algorithmes stigmergiques sont utilisés pour le pilotage des entités mobiles. Les entités mobiles communiquent continuellement avec le système de pilotage pour mettre à jour les informations du trafic. Le système de pilotage analyse ces informations et diffuse à tous les véhicules, sous forme de messages, la cartographie du trafic. Le modèle de communication "burst communication" et les techniques de communications mobiles MIPv6 ont été exploités. L'optimisation de l’architecture du modèle de communication permet d'obtenir un nombre minimum de messages perdus lors de la communication entre le point central et les mobiles. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'on peut parvenir à une réception satisfaisante des messages au niveau des entités mobilesThis study focuses on the wireless as well as the wired aspect of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The On-Board network of a future smart vehicle is designed using Switched Ethernet as a backbone. This architecture aims at minimizing the amount of wiring present in today’s cars. With the increasing demand of entertainment and connectivity, the proposed model provides the vehicle passengers with internet connection, video on-demand, voice over IP (VoIP) and video conference capabilities. Also, to help the driver, a smart real-time interactive communication scheme is developed to supply traffic information. A wireless communication model is built to support the moving entities in a light urban traffic area; the model is based on stigmergic algorithms running at the core of the system infrastructure. A WiFi model is used to supply wireless connectivity to mobile nodes in a given region. The Mobile IPv4 as well as Mobile IPv6 are tested. The mobile nodes always communicate with the central intelligence of the system to update the traffic information. The stigmergic algorithm processes this data and sends to all moving vehicles messages regarding the actual traffic map. This research focuses on the wireless aspect of the problem and optimizes the architecture to satisfy minimum packet loss in the path from the central correspondent node (CN) to the mobile nodes (MN). It is found that based on MIPv6 technique and using redundant packet transmission (burst communication) one can statistically reach satisfactory
44
Sigakova, Ksenia. "Road Freight Transport Travel Time Prediction". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3031.
Abstract (sommario):
Road freight transport travel time estimation is an important task in fleet management and traffic planning. Goods often must be delivered in a predefined time window and any deviation may lead to serious consequences. It is possible to improve travel time estimation by considering more factors that may affect it. In this thesis work we identify factors that may affect travel time, find possible sources of information about them, propose a model for estimating travel time of heavy goods vehicles, and verify this model on real data. As results, the experiments showed that considering time related and weather related factors, it is possible to improve accuracy of travel time estimation. Also, it was shown that the influence of a particular factor on travel time depended on the considered road segment. Furthermore, it was shown that different data mining algorithms should be applied for different road segments in order to get the best estimation.
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Dumortier, Yann. "Perception monoculaire de l'environnement pour les systèmes de transport intelligents". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005607.
Abstract (sommario):
L'évolution des transports, au cours des dernières décennies, témoigne d'une volonté continue de réduire les contraintes associées à la notion de déplacement. Dans ce but, une part importante des efforts engagés a pour objectif de raccourcir la durée des trajets, essentiellement grâce à l'amélioration des infrastructures et la diversification des modes de transport. La multiplicité modale, censée répondre aux différents besoins des usagers, n'a cependant pas suffi à stopper l'essor de l'automobile au sein des agglomérations. La voiture individuelle est ainsi progressivement devenue la principale source de nuisances et d'accidents urbains. Les solutions étudiées pour remédier à cette situation reposent principalement sur la responsabilité du facteur humain. Elles proposent donc essentiellement de remplacer l'automobile par des systèmes de transport autonomes. L'automatisation des véhicules, progressivement mise en place par la démocratisation des systèmes d'aide à la conduite (ADAS), nécessite le développement de modules de perception de l'environnement, qui analysent et traitent l'information acquise à partir d'un ou plusieurs capteurs. Avec l'explosion des capacités computationnelles des systèmes embarqués, la caméra est devenue l'un des capteurs les plus utilisés, tant pour la richesse de l'information contenue dans une séquence d'images, que pour son faible coût et son encombrement limité. Les travaux présentés dans ce document apportent une solution originale au problème de la perception visuelle pour la conduite automatisée, grâce à une approche monoculaire fondée sur l'étude de contraintes géométriques appliquées au mouvement image.
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Sciandra, Vincent. "Toward unifying on-board intelligent transportation systems architecture in public transports". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1097/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une démarche Européenne de recherche sous l'égide du projet European Bus System of the Futur (EBSF). Ce projet vise à définir le bus de demain et de préparer son architecture embarquée, aux systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) critiques ou de divertissement, de plus en plus présents dans les véhicules. Les systèmes autrefois hétérogènes et autonomes, devrons à l'avenir communiquer sur une architecture orientée service (SOA) unique. L'objectif est d'optimiser le fonctionnement de l'architecture dans son ensemble grâce à des protocoles de communication ouverts et standards. C'est à partir de cette base, à laquelle nous avons activement apportée notre contribution, que notre thèse s'appuie. Le dimensionnement et la validation de ces architectures sont restés des éléments sans réponse à la suite du projet EBSF. Cette thèse présente premièrement une méthode dimensionnement des architectures STI basée sur les méthodes de décision multi-critères. Nous nous basons sur une étude poussée des besoins opérationnels collectés tout au long de la thèse. Dans un deuxième temps, nous adaptons le modèle de Criticité Mixte, définit dans le domaine du temps réel, aux flux de communication entre le véhicule et l'infrastructure. Enfin nous présentons les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de la standardisation européenne afin de promouvoir ce type d'architecture et les travaux de cette thèseIntelligent Transportation systems (ITS) are massively used in the Public Transport sector since the Two decades. This profusion of systems on-board and off-board vehicles generates inter-operability issues. The growth of urban zones and the increase of public transport attractiveness, brought multi-modal constraints that are today limited due to a lack of architecture vision embracing all ITS. This thesis proposes to unify the architecture vision of on-board ITS. We based our technical architecture on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) proposed in the European Bus System of the Future (EBSF) project, in which this thesis actively contributed. We study first the global requirements of different transportation modes operated in Europe. Those requirements are a basis to the definition of technical constraints of a global architecture. Those constraints are ranked in terms of importance using a proposed method based on Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques. The method that we propose permits to size the technical architecture. We then study the flow management of data, considering the context of operation of vehicles and the criticality of ITS applications. We propose to adapt the Real-time Mixed-Criticality model to communication systems on-board the vehicles. We apply this method on a communication gateway of a bus, through its journey. Finally we present the work done at the standardization level (CEN) in order promote the global architecture vision presented in the thesis
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Hofmeister, Patrick, e Matthias Kadner. "Performance Impacts through Intelligent Transport Systems : An Assessment of how to Measure and Evaluate". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15712.
Abstract (sommario):
This study assesses how to measure and evaluate performance impacts of IntelligentTransport Systems (ITS) in the transport chain.The importance of transportation in global trade has increased significantly in the lastdecades. Cost pressure, rising customer demand for sophisticated logistics services, sustainabilityand security as well as safety issues have boosted the need for more efficient,effective and differentiated transport operations. Intelligent Transport Systems werefound to have the potential to address these challenges in the transport chain. However,due to the novelty of the technology both ITS developers and users face huge uncertaintyabout the performance impacts of ITS. Evaluating ITS in the transport chain beforethe rollout based on concrete measures is likely to reduce the uncertainty involvedin ITS developments and enhance the adoption rate of the new technology. The increasingnumber of ITS projects, like the Secure Intermodal Transport Systems at VolvoTechnology, create a need for a structured approach to measure and evaluate ITS.A literature review concerning the characteristics of the transport industry, technologyadoption, ITS and performance measurements served as a basis for the empirical studyin which 8 semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders in the transport industrywere conducted in order to find out how the performance impacts of ITS are perceivedin the industry and how they could possibly be assessed. The focus groupmethod was used to validate and apply the findings from the interview study to a GeofencingITS-service.The study has confirmed that the concept of ITS is still an emerging phenomenon in thetransportation industry. There is no common understanding of ITS among researchersand practitioners in the transport industry and still a lack of knowledge regarding theperformance impacts of ITS. Even though it could be found that ITS leverages mainlythe service level that can be offered to the customer and that they increase the efficiencyin the back office, the great variety of ITS-services calls for an individual assessment.Structuring the assessment into the phases of measurement design, implementation anduse of the measures facilitates this process. For the different phases a set of activitiescritical for a successful assessment of ITS have been identified. Despite its usefulnessfor mitigating the uncertainty related to the new technology, the focus group validationuncovered that a comprehensive measurement for ITS is not appropriate from the outset,but should be assessed based on the cost of the measurement, the ITS project priority,the customer relations as well as the hierarchical structure in the provider firm.
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Ghorasi, Rahim. "An intelligent data management system for computational modelling of pollutants transport in river networks". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13342.
Abstract (sommario):
Utilization of sophisticated hydroinformatic systems depends on the optimum use of appropriate input data. The main focus of the present project has been the development of a number of auxiliary data handling modules for a previously constructed IPT system. This system is an elaborate software capable of modelling a wide range of hydro-environmental phenomena. Data required for the implementation of the IPT system consist of hydro graphic and physical data regarding the geometry of hydro-environmental system and boundary and initial conditions. Due to inevitable high cost of these surveys in most cases the available data are scarce which reduces the efficiency of computer models. In this respect development of more sophisticated computer modelling schemes is in effective and techniques for enhancing the quality of the input data must be employed. The aim of this project has been to eliminate such difficulties by the use of modern IT techniques such as the optimization of physical data by genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic procedures, intelligent data bases and case based reasoning. To demonstrate the efficiency of the developed data handling modules a number of hydro-environmental problems in tidal river networks have been solved. It is shown that the modules developed in this project have general applicability and can be used to assist computer aided design and systems management in a wide variety of cases.
49
Simon, Mathilde. "Safety requirements for monitoring and communicating operational data for vehicles in Intelligent Transport System". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157147.
Abstract (sommario):
In the past few years, wireless technologies performances have been greatly improved to address various kinds of communications. However, in applications requiring the transmission of safety-critical data such as in industrial systems, wired solutions are still preferred to wireless networks. The challenge is then to develop safety-critical wireless applications in order to take advantage of the low cost and reduced installation complexity of wireless networks. In this Master Thesis, a remote-controlled road vehicle has been studied as an example of safety-critical wireless application. The purpose of the project has been to design and implement an embedded system and a user interface that enable the remote control of the vehicle. As the functional safety of a road vehicle is highly important, appropriate safety requirements need to be elicited and considered in the design of the wireless communication protocol. By following the ISO 26262 standard steps, safety requirements have been defined for the system. A communication protocol has then been established considering the safety requirements and the expected functionalities of the system. Finally, a prototype has been built for verification and validation purpose. The prototype consisted of a model car equipped with a microcontroller and an off-the-shelf (OTS) Wi-Fi module. A user interface running on any Android device has also been developed. The final achievements of the project were that the model car could be controlled in speed and direction by the user thanks to the interface. In addition, the model car could react automatically to some hazardous situations by reaching a safe state. The conclusion of this project is that the design of a communication protocol is highly dependent on the system expected performances and characteristics, including the functional safety. When these parameters lead to heterogeneous protocol requirements, concessions have to be made. When dealing with a safety-critical application, the functional safety of the system must be the priority. Finally, when off-the-shelf (OTS) hardware is used to implement the wireless communication, it must be chosen carefully as it constitutes the main limitation of the protocol performances.Under de senaste åren har trådlösa tekniker förbättrats till den grad att de kan användas för många olika typer av kommunikation. I domäner som kräver överföring av säkerhetskritiska data, såsom i industrisystem, är trådbundna lösningar dock fortfarande vanligare än trådlösa lösningar. För att dra fördel av låga kostnader och minskad installationskomplexitet i dessa domäner krävs att trådlösa lösningar för säkerhetskritiska tillämpningar utvecklas. I detta examensarbete har ett fjärrstyrt vägfordon studerats som ett exempel på en säkerhetskritisk trådlös applikation. Syftet med projektet har varit att utforma och implementera ett inbyggt system och ett användargränssnitt som möjliggör fjärrstyrning av fordonet. Eftersom den funktionella säkerheten hos ett vägfordon är mycket viktig har lämpliga säkerhetskrav för systemet definierats, vilket har skett med säkerhetstandarden ISO 26262 som stöd. Ett kommunikationsprotokoll som beaktar säkerhetskraven och de förväntade funktionerna hos systemet har därefter upprättats. Slutligen har en prototyp byggts för att verifiera och validera protokollet. Prototypen bestod av en modellbil utrustad med en mikrokontroller och en off-the-shelf (OTS) Wi-Fi-modul. Ett användargränssnitt som körs på en Android-enhet har också utvecklats. De slutliga resultaten av projektet var att modellbilens acceleration och styrning kan styras av användaren tack vare gränssnittet. Modellbilen kan också automatiskt reagera på vissa farliga situationer genom att stanna. Slutsatsen från detta projekt är att utformningen av ett kommunikationsprotokoll i hög grad beror på systemets förväntade prestanda och egenskaper, inklusive dess funktionella säkerhet. När dessa parametrar leder till heterogena protokollkrav, måste kompromisser göras. Vid arbete med en säkerhetskritisk applikation måste den funktionella säkerheten av systemet prioriteras. Dessutom, när off-the-shelf (OTS) hårdvara används för att implementera den trådlösa kommunikationen måste den väljas med omsorg. Den utgör nämligen den största begränsningen för protokollets prestanda.
50
Xu, Jin. "Un modèle multi-agent distribué et hybride pour la planification du transport à la demande temps réel". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558769.
Abstract (sommario):
Durant ces dernières années, la congestion du trafic urbain et la pollution de l'air sont devenus d'énormes problèmes dans de nombreuses villes dans le monde. Afin de réduire cette congestion, nous pouvons investir dans l'amélioration des infrastructures de la ville. Toutefois, cette solution reste très coûteuse à entreprendre et de ne permet pas de réduire la pollution de l'air. C'est pourquoi nous travaillons sur la mobilité intelligente afin de disposer d'une meilleure utilisation de la voiture. L'application de nouvelles technologies de l'information, tels que les systèmes multi-agents appliqués au contrôle de l'information de la circulation urbaine, a permis de créer et de déployer une gestion plus intelligente du trafic comme le système DRT (transport à la demande). L'objectif des systèmes multi-agents basés sur le DRT est de gérer les taxis de manière intelligente, afin d'accroître le nombre de passagers dans chaque véhicule, et en même temps à réduire le nombre de véhicules dans les rues. Cela permettra de réduire les émissions de CO2 et la pollution de l'air causée par les véhicules, ainsi que la congestion du trafic et les coûts financiers associés. La simulation multi-agents est considérée comme un outil efficace pour les services dynamiques urbains de la circulation. Toutefois, le principal problème est de savoir comment construire un agent à base de modèle pour cette problématique. Ces travaux de recherche présente une solution basée sur les systèmes multi-agents réactifs pour la problématique du transport à la demande (DRT), qui adopte une approche multi-agent de planification urbaine en utilisant des services de contrôle qui satisfont aux principales contraintes : réduction de la période totale creuse, demandes spéciales du client, augmentation du nombre de places utilisées dans un même taxi, utilisation du nombre minimal de véhicules, etc. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un modèle multi-agents multicouche hybride distribué pour des problématiques en temps réel. Dans la méthode proposée, un agent pour chaque véhicule trouve un ensemble de routes pour sa recherche locale, et choisit un itinéraire en coopérant avec d'autres agents se trouvant dans son domaine de planification. Nous avons examiné expérimentalement, l'efficacité de la méthode proposée.