Articoli di riviste: "Transmission"

1

Santi, M. N., J. Y. Reymond, M. C. Capel, P. Di-maio, P. Chardon, B. Grac, M. Daled e M. Pietri. "Transmissions ciblees. transmission de quaute". Réanimation Urgences 7, n. 2 (marzo 1998): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-6756(98)80283-1.

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Kim, Hyoung Eui, Doh Sik Kim, Yoon Pyo Lee e Yung Chul Yoo. "Accelerated Life Testing Method of Transmission". Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (dicembre 2006): 1865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1865.

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In this study, we proposed a process of an accelerated life testing method of 5-speed manual transmissions used in vehicles, which loads are consisted of multiple alternating loads. The entire process of an 5-speed manual transmission’s accelerated life testing method where no failures are allowed, is a process that requires an abundance of assumptions, and other factors that are estimates such as the shape parameter, beta() and the fatigue damage exponent (x). And the process is consisted of 7-step process. From the 1-setp, which is the deriving the service(use) torque and speed(rpm) profile of the transmission, to the 7-step, we could determine the accelerated life time, the accelerated torque and the accelerated speed(rpm), which are the equivalent cumulative fatigue damage. Also, we have performed accelerated life test on 5-speed manual transmission by using the following 7-step process.

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Mustafayev, Amir G., e Chingiz R. Nasirov. "A study of factors affecting wear and destruction of teeth in gear mechanisms". Nafta-Gaz 79, n. 9 (settembre 2023): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2023.09.06.

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Transmission gears are very widely used in the modern construction of the machine. Even though electrical transmissions are used, mainly mechanical transmissions are widely used in the machine building industry as they are independent and better than other transmissions. Distributing power between the transmission mechanisms and working units of various machines, by changing the angle of momentum by adjusting the speed of the parts, it is possible to change the type of movement, turn the mechanism on and off, and change the direction of the transmission mechanisms. One of the most widespread types of transmission technology is gear transmission. Tens of thousands of kilowatt-hours of gears can be transmitted. The advantages of gear transmission in comparison with others are their ability to maintain their reliability and long-term functioning of the teeth, high value of the working coefficient (0.90–0.99), simple construction, lack of special service, simplicity of the transmission number and compactness of dimensions. The missing aspects of these transmissions are high precision in their preparation and installation, and low noise level. The main criterion for the working ability of the closed gear transmissions is the contact endurance of the active surface of the tooth. For this reason, the main dimensions of the transmission are determined by the contact tension and by teeth bending.

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Amir Mustafayev, Amir Mustafayev, e Chingiz Nasirov Chingiz Nasirov. "MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR TEMPERATURE IN THE CONTACT ZONE OF TEETH OF THE GEAR MECHANISMS". ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 14, n. 02 (18 aprile 2023): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm14022023-126.

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Transmission gears are very widely used in modern machine building. Despite that electrical transmissions used in machine building industry, mainly mechanical transmissions are widely used in the industry. Because mechanical transmissions are independent and better than other transmisions. Distributing power between the transmission mechanisms and working units of various machines, changing the angle of momentum, by adjusting the speed of the parts, it is possible to change the type of movement, turn on and off the mechanism, change the direction of the transmission mechanisms. One of the most widespread types of transmission technology is the gear transmission. Tens of thousands of kilowatt-hours of gears can be transmitted. Advantages of gear transmission in comparison with others is their ability to maintain their reliability and long term functioning of the teeth, big value of the working coefficient (0,9 ÷ 0,99), simple construction, lack of special service, simplicity of the transmission number and compactness of dimensions. The missing aspects of these transmissions are high precision in their preparation and installation, and low noise level. The main criterion for the working ability of the closed gear transmissions is the contact endurance of the active surface of the tooth. For this reason, the main dimensions of the transmission are determined by the contact tension and by teeth bending. Keywords: gear wheel, tension, endurance, bending

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Sun, Zongxuan, e Hussein Dourra. "Model-Based Transmission Control". Mechanical Engineering 137, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2015): S15—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-dec-9.

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Abstract This article presents an overview of model-based transmission control. The transmission is an integral part of the automotive powertrain and connects the engine to the vehicle via the driveline. Just as for the internal combustion engine, traditional transmission control has been conducted with extensive calibrations. This is mainly due to the lack of precise models and low cost sensors that can enable real-time model-based feedback control. However the calibration-based approach is facing more challenges as the recent trend in transmission systems has driven up the time and cost associated with the calibration process. Recently, eight and nine speed transmissions have been introduced. The increasing number of different types of transmissions and the gear ratios can drastically increase the burden for control calibration. This calls for control-oriented model development and model-based control. Transmission control is mainly concerned with the transmission shift scheduling and gear ratio shift control. This shift scheduling determines when to shift and which gear to shift.

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Esser, Constantin, e Jörg Schmitz. "Reduced friction bonded transmission pistons in automatic transmissions". ATZ worldwide 109, n. 4 (aprile 2007): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03224924.

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Kovalenko, Mykhaylo, Ihor Tkachuk, Iryna Kovalenko, Serhiy Zhuk e Oleg Kryshnov. "Dynamic model of magnetic transmission". Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, n. 1 (11) (23 luglio 2024): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2024.1.06.

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In the work, a non-contact electromechanical energy converter with permanent magnets, which is known as magnetic transmission, is studied. Magnetic transmissions have certain structural advantages compared to mechanical transmissions, namely: high reliability, efficiency, lower losses, non-contact transmission of mechanical power, no maintenance costs, and simplicity of construction. The use of magnetic transmissions for systems of conversion of low-potential mechanical energy into electrical energy is especially relevant: wind energy, water energy, energy of mechanical vibrations, etc. The use of magnetic gearboxes in autonomous wind power plants can be more promising from an economic and technical point of view compared to traditional mechanical transmissions. A numerical simulation mathematical model of magnetic transmission with permanent magnets has been developed. The use of magnetic transmission, for example, for autonomous wind power systems allows to increase the reliability of the operation of such installations, reduce operating costs and increase the efficiency of their operation. In emergency modes of operation, the use of magnetic transmission allows to avoid destruction or emergency shutdowns of electrical equipment. The developed simulation model of magnetic transmission takes into account the pulsations of the electromagnetic moment due to the discrete structure of the magnetic transmission and the change of the model parameters when the input moment changes: pulsations, losses in the magnetic core and permanent magnets, the change of the load angle and the transmitted electromagnetic moment. A feature of the developed model of the magnetic transmission system is that a change in the load of the electric power source leads to a change in the operating point on the mechanical characteristics of the rotor of the wind turbine. Conversely, when the wind parameters change, the output parameters of the source of electrical energy change: power, voltage, current and electromagnetic moment.

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Dieckhaus, Kevin D., Toan H. Ha, Stephen L. Schensul e Avina Sarna. "Modeling HIV Transmission from Sexually Active Alcohol-Consuming Men in ART Programs to Seronegative Wives". Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 19 (1 gennaio 2020): 232595822095228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958220952287.

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Background: The rollout of antiviral therapy in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) has reduced HIV transmission rates at the potential risk of resistant HIV transmission. We sought to predict the risk of wild type and antiviral resistance transmissions in these settings. Methods: A predictive model utilizing viral load, ART adherence, genital ulcer disease, condom use, and sexual event histories was developed to predict risks of HIV transmission to wives of 233 HIV+ men in 4 antiretroviral treatment centers in Maharashtra, India. Results: ARV Therapy predicted a 5.71-fold reduction in transmissions compared to a model of using condoms alone, with 79.9%, of remaining transmissions resulting in primary ART-resistance. Conclusions: ART programs reduce transmission of HIV to susceptible partners at a substantial increased risk for transmission of resistant virus. Enhanced vigilance in monitoring adherence, use of barrier protections, and viral load may reduce risks of resistant HIV transmissions in LMIC settings.

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Wiwanitkit, Viroj. "Unusual mode of transmission of dengue". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, n. 01 (30 novembre 2009): 051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.145.

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Dengue is the most important tropical mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by an arbovirus, the dengue virus. It should be noted that there are still other unusual modes of transmission of dengue infection. This paper summarizes those non vector-borne transmissions of dengue including vertical transmission, transfusion related transmission, transplantation related transmission, and needle-stick-related transmission.

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Ahmad, Lalu Turjiman. "SISTEM ISNĀD HADĪTS DAN AWAL MULA PENGGUNAANNYA DALAM TRADISI PERIWAYATAN PUISI ARAB JAHILIYAH". ALQALAM 28, n. 1 (29 aprile 2011): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v28i1.536.

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It is ordinary that riwāyah (oral transmission) has been the main media in transmitting knowledge. Indeed, for the Arabs, the transmission system was used not only in transmitting hadits, but also in transmitting the history. In terms of the transmission of traditions, the transmitters were very strict in applying the rules of transmission. Hence, such an isnād system has a very important value in the history. Muslims in the past gave much attention to such an isnād system.The transmissions of poetry had been emerged before the transmissions did. Every poetry has the transmitters. They keep and guarantee the continuity of the poetry transmission. The relation between the poetry transmitters and their poetries is not different from that of the transmitters of hadits and their hadits. Key words: hadits, isnād, Jahiliyah poetry, oral transmission.

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Gogu, Ada, Dritan Nace, Supriyo Chatterjea e Arta Dilo. "Max-Min Fair Link Quality in WSN Based on SINR". Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/693212.

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This paper addresses first the problem of max-min fair (MMF) link transmissions in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and in a second stage studies the joint link scheduling and transmission power assignment problem. Given a set of concurrently transmitting links, the MMF link transmission problem looks for transmission powers of nodes such that the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) values of active links satisfy max-min fairness property. By guaranteeing a “fair” transmission medium (in terms of SINR), other network requirements may be directly affected, such as the schedule length, the throughput (number of concurrent links in a time slot), and energy savings. Hence, the whole problem seeks to find a feasible schedule and a power assignment scheme such that the schedule length is minimized and the concurrent transmissions have a fair quality in terms of SINR. The focus of this study falls on the transmission power control strategy, which ensures that every node that is transmitting in the network chooses a transmission power that will minimally affect the other concurrent transmissions and, even more, achieves MMF SINR values of concurrent link transmissions. We show that this strategy may have an impact on reducing the network time schedule.

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Sauret, Marie-Jean, e Marina Portuese. "Transmission impossible, transmission d’un impossible". Empan 101, n. 1 (2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/empa.101.0102.

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Tolley, D. "Charging transmission [power transmission pricing]". Power Engineer 17, n. 2 (2003): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:20030204.

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Gribik, P. R., D. Shirmohammadi, J. S. Graves e J. G. Kritikson. "Transmission Rights and Transmission Expansions". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20, n. 4 (novembre 2005): 1728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2005.851919.

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D’Arcy, Nicole T., Nichole Bosson, Amy H. Kaji, Quang T. Bui, William J. French, Joseph L. Thomas, Yvonne Elizarraraz, Natalia Gonzalez, Jose Garcia e James T. Niemann. "Weekly Checks Improve Real-Time Prehospital ECG Transmission in Suspected STEMI". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, n. 3 (30 aprile 2018): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000341.

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AbstractIntroductionField identification of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and advanced hospital notification decreases first-medical-contact-to-balloon (FMC2B) time. A recent study in this system found that electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission following a STEMI alert was frequently unsuccessful.HypothesisInstituting weekly test ECG transmissions from paramedic units to the hospital would increase successful transmission of ECGs and decrease FMC2B and door-to-balloon (D2B) times.MethodsThis was a natural experiment of consecutive patients with field-identified STEMI transported to a single percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-capable hospital in a regional STEMI system before and after implementation of scheduled test ECG transmissions. In November 2014, paramedic units began weekly test transmissions. The mobile intensive care nurse (MICN) confirmed the transmission, or if not received, contacted the paramedic unit and the department’s nurse educator to identify and resolve the problem. Per system-wide protocol, paramedics transmit all ECGs with interpretation of STEMI. Receiving hospitals submit patient data to a single registry as part of ongoing system quality improvement. The frequency of successful ECG transmission and time to intervention (FMC2B and D2B times) in the 18 months following implementation was compared to the 10 months prior. Post-implementation, the time the ECG transmission was received was also collected to determine the transmission gap time (time from ECG acquisition to ECG transmission received) and the advanced notification time (time from ECG transmission received to patient arrival).ResultsThere were 388 patients with field ECG interpretations of STEMI, 131 pre-intervention and 257 post-intervention. The frequency of successful transmission post-intervention was 73% compared to 64% prior; risk difference (RD)=9%; 95% CI, 1-18%. In the post-intervention period, the median FMC2B time was 79 minutes (inter-quartile range [IQR]=68-102) versus 86 minutes (IQR=71-108) pre-intervention (P=.3) and the median D2B time was 59 minutes (IQR=44-74) versus 60 minutes (IQR=53-88) pre-intervention (P=.2). The median transmission gap was three minutes (IQR=1-8) and median advanced notification time was 16 minutes (IQR=10-25).ConclusionImplementation of weekly test ECG transmissions was associated with improvement in successful real-time transmissions from field to hospital, which provided a median advanced notification time of 16 minutes, but no decrease in FMC2B or D2B times.D’ArcyNT, BossonN, KajiAH, BuiQT, FrenchWJ, ThomasJL, ElizarrarazY, GonzalezN, GarciaJ, NiemannJT. Weekly checks improve real-time prehospital ECG transmission in suspected STEMI. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):245–249.

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Geng, Stefan, Andreas Meier e Thomas Schulte. "Model-Based Optimization of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Multimode Transmission". World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, n. 1 (13 giugno 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9010012.

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed in order to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations are commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, and multimode transmissions are used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which are able to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of the combustion engine and electric motor. Several concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, model-based optimizations of multimode transmissions are performed. In the first step of the optimization, the optimal number of gears and transmission ratios, as well as the corresponding fuel and energy savings, are estimated. Based on these results, a new multimode transmission concept with two-speed transmissions for the combustion engine and the electric motor has been developed. The knowledge of the concrete concept enables the further optimizations of the transmission ratios and the transmission control. In order to prove the benefit of the new and optimized transmission concept, powertrain simulations have been carried out. The new powertrain concept is compared to a powertrain concept with single-speed transmissions for the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor operation. The new transmission concept enables a significant improvement of the fuel consumption.

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Trembach, Oleksiy, Andrii Kozhushko, Yevhen Pelypenko, Anatolii Mamontov e Grigorij Barabash. "RATIONALISATION OF CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION DESIGN BASED ON PRODUCTIVITY CRITERIA". Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI». Series: Automobile and Tractor Construction, n. 1 (19 giugno 2024): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-6840.2024.1.13.

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Today, agricultural enterprises use wheeled tractors equipped with classical stepped and continuously variable transmissions, in particular, with hydro-mechanical transmissions. The use of tractors with continuously variable transmissions is explained by undoubted advantages over step transmissions: smooth running, improved ergonomic properties during technological work, automated control, etc. During operation, farmers often need to operate at maximum productivity, while economic and environmental performance is neglected. Therefore, it is quite reasonable to introduce design changes in the transmission aimed at increasing the speed range. Therefore, the material of this article aims to provide recommendations for improving the performance of a dual-flow continuously variable transmission through a structural analysis of the operation of the hydraulic and mechanical transmission branches. To achieve this goal, the article uses a methodology that allows analysing structural changes in the size of the gearboxes located in the hydraulic and mechanical branches of the transmission, which affects the starting and maximum speed. The result is the provision of scientifically based recommendations for the influence of power flows in the hydraulic and mechanical branches of the transmission on its performance. The practical significance of the work lies in the technically sound choice of a schematic solution when placing gear ratios in transmission branches with the subsequent impact on the change in starting and maximum speed.

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Chen, Suifan, e Zhifeng Dong. "Transmission characteristics and phase number optimization on the transmission mechanism of rod gear pulse continuously variable transmission". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 168781401775196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017751966.

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In order to solve the oversize problem of continuously variable transmission, a rod gear pulse continuously variable transmission is designed. The kinematic mathematical models of key components are established by the matrix method and are simulated by MATLAB in a single phase, based on the analysis of basic structure and working principle of transmission. Also, the length requirements of each rod are studied, and the effect of three adjustment manners on the output-speed is simulated in the single phase. Furthermore, the simulations of the movement law of annular gear are achieved on two conditions of both different phases and different eccentricities on 8-phase. The results show that the manner of adjusting the eccentricity of eccentric wheel is the preferential selection of out-speed regulating method, and 8-phase is an optimal phase of transmission; meanwhile, for the rod gear pulse continuously variable transmission, the variable range of transmission ratio is wider and the pulsation rate is far less than the other traditional continuously variable transmissions.

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Joachim, Franz J., Norbert Kurz e Joerg Börner. "Reduction of Power Losses in Transmissions and Gearings". Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (agosto 2011): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.883.

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In modern motor vehicles, having a driveline that is optimally designed for each vehicle provides a substantial CO2 reduction. Different transmission systems such as, for example, manual transmissions, torque-converter transmissions, dual clutch transmissions and hybrid systems, work better with different requirements and vehicle classes. By increasing the number of gears and the transmission-ratio spread, the engine can run with more fuel efficiency without a loss of driving dynamics. The transmission efficiency itself can be improved by using fuel efficient transmission oil, optimizing the lubrication systems and pumps, improving shifting strategies and optimizing the friction characteristics of gearings, bearings and seals/gaskets [1].

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Ryu, Jae-Hoon. "Metaphor and Transmission: Transmission of Concept and Transmission of Idea". Korean Society for the Study of Moral Education 34, n. 1 (30 marzo 2022): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17715/jme.2022.3.34.1.229.

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Gampel, Yolanda. "Différents mouvements de transmission : transmission radioactive destructive – transmission radioactive créative". Connexions 106, n. 2 (2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cnx.106.0135.

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García-Tuero, Alejandro, Beatriz Ramajo, Guillermo D. Valbuena, Alfonso Fernández-González, Rafael Mendoza, Alberto García e Antolin Hernández Battez. "Automatic Transmission Fluids in Electrified Transmissions: Compatibility with Elastomers". Applied Sciences 12, n. 12 (18 giugno 2022): 6213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126213.

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The location of the electric motor (EM) inside the transmission in an electric vehicle requires the compatibility of the automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) with the materials of the EM and the transmission. This work studies the compatibility of four conventional ATFs with three elastomers: fluoroelastomer (FKM), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), and vinyl-methyl silicone rubber (silicone). Changes in volume, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the elastomers after aging in the ATFs were measured, and additional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric (TGA and DTGA) tests were performed. The four ATFs showed high or medium compatibility with FKM and silicone, and low compatibility with EPDM. This low compatibility was related to changes in the composition and crystalline structure of the elastomer. The non-compatibility of the EPDM with the oils from Group III was also proven.

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Schleiffer, Jean-Eric, Wilco van Harselaar, Ye Shen e Stephan Rinderknecht. "Simulative Assessment of Novel Parallel-Hybrid-Electric Powertrains: Consideration of Transmission System Power Losses". Vehicles 2, n. 1 (3 marzo 2020): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2010010.

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Transmission system power losses influence the efficiency of hybrid powertrains. Well-established parallel-hybrid-electric powertrains employ conventional transmissions that can be treated as single-input-single-output (SISO) systems. Novel parallel-hybrid-electric powertrains, which are not based on conventional transmissions, can increase the systems potential but increase the complexity as the transmission becomes a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system. For these MIMO-transmission systems, the losses can strongly depend on the selected transmission mode and on the input torques of the power sources. This paper presents a method to automatically model the power losses of such MIMO-transmission systems. This method consists of a mathematical analysis and a design analysis, and obtains the transmission power losses as a function of the selected transmission mode, the rotational speed of the wheels, and the torques of the power sources. The model includes gear meshing losses, gear churning losses, and bearing losses. Furthermore, an extended control strategy is proposed to ensure local optimality including the consideration of the multidimensional transmission power loss characteristics. A case study is presented to demonstrate the developed methods, and shows that the inclusion of the transmission losses in the powertrain model and control strategy can be considered relevant for the simulative assessment of novel parallel-hybrid-electric powertrains.

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Okada, Motohiro, e Kouji Fukuyama. "Interaction between Mesocortical and Mesothalamic Catecholaminergic Transmissions Associated with NMDA Receptor in the Locus Coeruleus". Biomolecules 10, n. 7 (1 luglio 2020): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10070990.

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Noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate/glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and mood disorders but improve monoaminergic antidepressant-resistant mood disorder and suicidal ideation. The mechanisms of the double-edged sword clinical action of NMDAR antagonists remained to be clarified. The present study determined the interaction between the NMDAR antagonist (MK801), α1 adrenoceptor antagonist (prazosin), and α2A adrenoceptor agonist (guanfacine) on mesocortical and mesothalamic catecholaminergic transmission, and thalamocortical glutamatergic transmission using multiprobe microdialysis. The inhibition of NMDAR in the locus coeruleus (LC) by local MK801 administration enhanced both the mesocortical noradrenergic and catecholaminergic coreleasing (norepinephrine and dopamine) transmissions. The mesothalamic noradrenergic transmission was also enhanced by local MK801 administration in the LC. These mesocortical and mesothalamic transmissions were activated by intra-LC disinhibition of transmission of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via NMDAR inhibition. Contrastingly, activated mesothalamic noradrenergic transmission by MK801 enhanced intrathalamic GABAergic inhibition via the α1 adrenoceptor, resulting in the suppression of thalamocortical glutamatergic transmission. The thalamocortical glutamatergic terminal stimulated the presynaptically mesocortical catecholaminergic coreleasing terminal in the superficial cortical layers, but did not have contact with the mesocortical selective noradrenergic terminal (which projected terminals to deeper cortical layers). Furthermore, the α2A adrenoceptor suppressed the mesocortical and mesothalamic noradrenergic transmissions somatodendritically in the LC and presynaptically/somatodendritically in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN). These discrepancies between the noradrenergic and catecholaminergic transmissions in the mesocortical and mesothalamic pathways probably constitute the double-edged sword clinical action of noncompetitive NMDAR antagonists.

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Tian, Lei, e Lu Li-qiao. "Matrix System for the Analysis of Planetary Transmissions". Journal of Mechanical Design 119, n. 3 (1 settembre 1997): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826352.

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This paper presents a new general analysis method for planetary gear transmission systems. Instead of studying portions of a transmission, one can analyze a whole planetary transmission system with a general program. Not only the kinematics, but also dynamics of a transmission are studied. The whole process of analysis is standardized to become very straight forward, making it especially suitable for the computer-aided analysis of the vehicle planetary transmissions.

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Saulescu, Radu, Mircea Neagoe, Codruta Jaliu e Olimpiu Munteanu. "On a New Chain Planetary Transmission for Renewable Energy Systems - Part I: Product Design". Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (maggio 2015): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.147.

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Mechanical transmissions are frequently used in renewable energy systems (RES), either as speed reducers in solar tracking systems (e.g. worm drive, planetary gear), or as speed increasers in small hydropower converters or wind turbines. Most of them are conventional transmissions characterized by large overall dimensions and/or low efficiencies; therefore, new mechanical transmissions with higher performances are highly investigated. The paper presents the development of an innovative chain planetary transmission for hydro/wind applications. The speed increaser transmission requires a well-defined transmission ratio according to the application (3 – 5 for hydro, 6 – 30 for wind), good efficiency, relative simple and compact structure, easy maintenance, and low-cost. The final proposed solution overcomes some limits of the RES transmissions, significantly increasing the efficiency while decreasing the system size and eliminating the chain pre-stressing. The steps of the product design process applied for innovative generation of high performance mechanical transmissions are shown in the Part I. The proposed chain planetary transmission integrated into a micro hydropower application is analyzed in the Part II: virtual prototyping, physical testing and optimization stages and results are detailed.

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Saulescu, Radu, Codruta Jaliu, Mircea Neagoe e Oliver Climescu. "On a New Chain Planetary Transmission for Renewable Energy Systems - Part II: Virtual Prototyping and Experimental Testing". Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (maggio 2015): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.153.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mechanical transmissions are frequently used in renewable energy systems (RES), either as speed reducers in solar tracking systems (e.g. worm drive, planetary gear), or as speed increasers in small hydropower converters or wind turbines. Most of them are conventional transmissions characterized by large overall dimensions and/or low efficiencies; therefore, new mechanical transmissions with higher performances are highly investigated. The paper presents the development of an innovative chain planetary transmission for hydro/wind applications. The speed increaser transmission requires a well-defined transmission ratio according to the application (3 – 5 for hydro, 6 – 30 for wind), good efficiency, relative simple and compact structure, easy maintenance, and low-cost. The final proposed solution overcomes some limits of the RES transmissions, significantly increasing the efficiency while decreasing the system size and eliminating the chain pre-stressing. The steps of the product design process applied for innovative generation of high performance mechanical transmissions are shown in the Part I. The proposed chain planetary transmission integrated into a micro hydropower application is analyzed in the Part II: virtual prototyping, experimental testing and optimization stages and results are detailed.

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Hedman, A. "Transmission Analysis—Automatic Derivation of Relationships". Journal of Mechanical Design 115, n. 4 (1 dicembre 1993): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919252.

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A method for derivation of relationships for general mechanical transmission systems is given. It is adapted for computer-aided analysis and synthesis of the kinematics, loads, and power flows. Losses are included. All relationships are handled by a computer program. No manual dealing with equations is necessary. The user only describes the transmission systems: (1) The transmission units, e.g., gear transmissions, planetary gear trains, clutches and input shafts. (2) How the shafts of those units are connected. Then, the computer program formulates the relationships, and a computer algebra program performs algebraic eliminations. Symbolic, non-numerical, relationships between speeds and torques of two arbitrary shafts can be derived, e.g., the overall efficiency. Special algorithms handle the power flows in split-power transmissions. The method saves time and eliminates the risk for human errors.

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29

Maquet, Jean, e Jean-Pierre Quazza. "« Transmission... »". Actualités en analyse transactionnelle 129, n. 1 (2009): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/aatc.129.0071.

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30

Tomei, Samuël. "Transmission". Humanisme N° 298, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2013): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/huma.298.0029.

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31

Marquardt, Tanya. "Transmission". Canadian Theatre Review 155 (luglio 2013): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.155.016.

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32

Grangeard-Polard, Catherine. "Transmission". Le Coq-héron 187, n. 4 (2006): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cohe.187.0097.

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33

Dureau, Claude. "Transmission". Le Coq-héron 187, n. 4 (2006): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cohe.187.0120.

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34

Vinet, Sofie. "Transmission". Sens-Dessous 2, n. 2 (2007): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sdes.002.0078.

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35

Querrien dit Madatao, David. "Transmission". Multitudes 79, n. 2 (2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mult.079.0217.

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36

Girardy, James W. "Transmission". JAMA 320, n. 6 (14 agosto 2018): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.2646.

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37

Salamandra, Konstantin. "Static analysis and parameters synthesis of planetary-layshaft transmissions with three power flows". MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402040.

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Abstract (sommario):

The increase in the number of transmission ratios in the vehicles gearboxes leads to an increase in the number of mechanisms used and their complication. One way to obtain simple designs of multi-speed transmissions with smaller number of gears, clutches, brakes and synchronizers is to use combinations of planetary differential gears and gears with fixed axes (planetary-layshaft transmissions). The article presents a static analysis of a planetary-layshaft transmissions with three parallel power flows for obtaining the dependencies between the gear ratios of the internal mechanisms and the speed ratios of the transmission. A technique for determination the gear ratios of the internal mechanisms for providing a close to a given series of transmission ratios is described.

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38

Daniels, Brodie, Elizabeth Spooner e Anna Coutsoudis. "Getting to under 1% vertical HIV transmission: lessons from a breastfeeding cohort in South Africa". BMJ Global Health 7, n. 9 (settembre 2022): e009927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009927.

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We report here on the transmission of HIV in a cohort of breastfeeding infants enrolled in a prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programme at the epicentre of the HIV pandemic. South Africa implemented option B+ for PMTCT in 2015. Between 2013 and 2018, we enrolled 1219 infants born to HIV positive women into a non-inferiority trial assessing the current cotrimoxazole prophylaxis guidelines for HIV-exposed uninfected infants. Breastfeeding mothers and infants were enrolled and followed up at one of two clinics in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal, until 12 months of age. During the study period, 8 infants seroconverted (<1% transmission); these were likely four birth transmissions and four breastfeeding transmissions. It is critical in the post option B era to assess the reasons for vertical transmission of HIV to enable healthcare workers and policy makers to provide strategies to mitigate future infections. This report details the possible contributors to vertical transmission in this cohort and highlights the continued strategies that should be employed to further our goal towards reaching the elimination of mother to child HIV transmission

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39

Chaisuekul, C., D. G. Riley e H. R. Pappu. "Transmission of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus to Tomato Plants of Different Ages". Journal of Entomological Science 38, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2003): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.1.127.

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Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and mechanical transmissions of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. ‘Sunny Hybrid’) were investigated relative to plant age at the time of inoculation. In 1999, thrips and mechanical transmissions were compared between plants at 7, 14 and 28 d after germination under field exclusion cages. In 2000, thrips transmission was evaluated in plants at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 d after germination, and mechanical transmission was evaluated in plants at 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 d after germination. Subsamples of thrips from flowers of TSWV-infected tomato used in 1999 transmission consisted of 59% Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), 34% F. tricici (Fitch), and subsamples of thrips collected from onion used in 2000 transmission consisted of 78% F. occidentalis and 19% F. fusca (Hinds). There was significant yield reduction resulting from early transmission of TSWV in the mechanical transmission test in 2000 (P= 0.008), but not in thrips transmission test in 2000 (P= 0.62). A reduction in the percent of TSWV-damaged fruit in late transmission was significant in the thrips transmission test (P = 0.04) but not in the mechanical transmission test (P= 0.25) in 2000. Lag time from virus transmission to symptom development or to a positive ELISA test was highly correlated to TSWV damaged fruit (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) in the mechanical transmission test in 2000. The lag time of a positive ELISA in the thrips transmission test in 2000 correlated with the percentage of TSWV-damaged fruit (P = 0.009). In summary, early infection of TSWV to tomato plants resulted in lower yield and a higher percentage of TSWV-damaged fruits than late infection.

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40

Eiguer, Alberto. "Transmission générationnelle, transmission à contre-courant". Cahiers critiques de thérapie familiale et de pratiques de réseaux 62, n. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ctf.062.0037.

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41

Hamed, M. "Power transmission through ring transmission systems". Electric Power Systems Research 10, n. 2 (marzo 1986): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(86)90004-0.

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42

Press, Jacques. "La transmission de la théorie : transmission de vie, transmission de mort". Revue française de psychanalyse 78, n. 2 (2014): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfp.782.0453.

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43

Ivanov, Konstantin Samson. "Creation of Adaptive-Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission". Applied Mechanics and Materials 436 (ottobre 2013): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.436.63.

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Abstract (sommario):

Recently there were patents on not switched gear continuously variable transmission (CVT) without hydro transformer. In transmission wheelwork with two degrees of freedom and one entrance is used. Adaptive mechanism of CVT provides possibility of output link movement with speed inversely to resistance force at constant input power. However the theoretical description of such transmissions is not convincing enough. Obviously at the basis of creation of adaptive transfers with two degrees of freedom essentially new regularity of mechanics lies. Purpose of present work is to formulate regularities of the mechanics allowing creating the adaptive-mechanical continuously variable transmission. The using of the found regularities will allow creating transmissions with mechanical adaptation to variable technological loading.

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44

Vu, Trieu Minh, Reza Moezzi, Jindrich Cyrus, Jaroslav Hlava e Michal Petru. "Automatic Clutch Engagement Control for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle". Energies 14, n. 21 (3 novembre 2021): 7256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217256.

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Automatic clutch engagement control is essential for all kinds of vehicle power transmissions. The controllers for vehicle power transmissions may include model-based or model-free approaches and must provide high transmission efficiency, fast engagement and low jerk. Most vehicle automatic transmissions are using torque converters with transmission efficiencies up to 96%. This paper presents the use of fuzzy logic control for a dry clutch in parallel hybrid electric vehicles. This controller can minimize the loss of power transmission since it can offer a higher transmission efficiency, up to 99%, with faster engagement, lower jerk and, thus, higher driving comfortability with lower cost. Fuzzy logic control is one of the model-free schemes. It can be combined with AI algorithms, neuro networks and virtual reality technologies in future development. Fuzzy logic control can avoid the complex modelling while maintaining the system’s high stability amid uncertainties and imprecise information. Experiments show that fuzzy logic can reduce the clutch slip and vibration. The new system provides 2% faster engagement speed than the torque converter and eliminates 70% of noise and vibration less than the manual transmission clutch.

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45

Sonwane, Sandeep, e Pratik Ghutke. "Power Upgrading of Transmission Line by Combining AC-DC Transmission and Analysis of UPFC". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (30 giugno 2019): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23691.

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46

Chen, Chao, e Jorge Angeles. "Optimum Kinetimatics Design of Drives for Wheeled Mobile Robots Based on Cam-Roller Pairs". Journal of Mechanical Design 129, n. 1 (2 agosto 2006): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2359476.

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This paper proposes innovative drives for omnidirectional and quasi-omni-directional wheeled mobile robots. A novel epicyclic cam transmission is developed to transmit motion in the drives, with some advantages over its gear-train counterparts: low friction, high stiffness, and high precision. In this work, three new indices, the contact ratio in cam transmissions, the generalized transmission index, and the total transmission index, are proposed to evaluate the force and motion transmission qualities. Furthermore, the first two indices are the objective functions of the design of the dual-wheel transmission, the final design thus achieving the best transmission performance. The reported drives have been virtually prototyped.

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47

Chen, I.-Ming, Yuan-Yao Huang, Tai-Her Yang e Tyng Liu. "Limited-slip and torque-vectoring effect of a dual continuously variable transmission". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, n. 3 (5 agosto 2016): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016639465.

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This study investigates the limited-slip and steering characteristics of a dual continuously variable transmission system. The dual continuously variable transmission is a unique final drive system composed of two continuously variable transmissions, with one continuously variable transmission connected to each rear wheel. In this study, a dynamic model of the dual continuously variable transmission system is derived, and models of the conventional final drive systems, i.e. the solid axle and the open differential, are used as benchmarks. In the simulations, the dual continuously variable transmission model, the solid axle model and the open differential model are applied to a vehicle dynamic model for split- μ road tests and a series of steering tests. According to the results of the split- μ road tests, the limited-slip function of a dual continuously variable transmission system is verified. The results of the steering tests show that different torque distributions for the inside wheels and the outside wheels while cornering can be controlled with different gain values of the continuously variable transmissions; for this reason, the application of the dual continuously variable transmission system as a torque-vectoring device is proposed, and a basic setting principle is presented. The results of this study establish a fundamental knowledge for developing the dual continuously variable transmission as an advanced final system for improving the vehicle dynamics.

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48

Yu Dobretsov, R., A. A. Ivanov, D. I. Nuretdinov, M. A. Malyukova, S. V. Malyukov, S. Ye Ariko e A. V. Churakov. "Transmission and slewing mechanism for highly manoeuvrable small machine transmissions". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, n. 5 (1 dicembre 2022): 052002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/5/052002.

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Abstract A variant of the electromechanical transmission scheme for mobile platforms of small mass, designed primarily for operation in an organized artificial environment under the conditions of dimensional restrictions, is proposed. Typical examples of such environments are greenhouses, gardens and parks. Distinctive features of the proposed transmission are the use of a single traction motor and a power distribution mechanism that allows the use of two modes of side turn: in the range from a given minimum radius to infinity and turning around the center of gravity. The transmission scheme, with some changes, can be extended to mobile chassis of a larger mass - tractors of various traction classes, forestry machines, loaders, mobile robots, etc.

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49

Siranec, Marek, Alena Otcenasova e Peter Bracinik. "The impact of the construction of the new 400 kV transmission power lines between Slovakia and Hungary on the cross-border transmissions". Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, n. 5 (1 settembre 2019): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0075.

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Abstract This article is focused on the analysis of impacts on the cross-border transmissions between Slovakia and Hungary and between Slovakia and Ukraine after the completion of the new 400 kV transmission lines on the cross-border profile Slovakia – Hungary. A simulation model of the Slovak transmission system in software ETAP was created, which is set for exploring the impacts of the new Slovak – Hungarian transmission lines 447, 480 and 481 on the cross-border and national transmissions. Correctness of the created simulation model was confirmed by the match of the measured values from winter nationwide measurement with the calculated values from the simulation model. Subsequently, several variants of the Slovak transmission system operation before and after completion of the new power lines to Hungary were evaluated.

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50

Grinevich, Petr, e Roman Novikov. "TRANSMISSION EIGENVALUES FOR MULTIPOINT SCATTERERS". Eurasian Journal of Mathematical and Computer Applications 9, n. 4 (dicembre 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2306-6172-2021-9-4-17-25.

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Abstract (sommario):

We study the transmission eigenvalues for the multipoint scatterers of the Bethe- Peierls-Fermi-Zeldovich-Beresin-Faddeev type in dimensions d = 2 and d = 3. We show that for these scatterers: 1) each positive energy E is a transmission eigenvalue (in the strong sense) of infinite multiplicity; 2) each complex E is an interior transmission eigenvalue of infinite multiplicity. The case of dimension d = 1 is also discussed.

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