Tesi: "Translations from the Arabic"

1

Bevens, Walter Bascom. "Al-Yaman and the Hadramawt: Translations from medieval Arabic geographers and analysis". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184338.

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Abstract (sommario):

This dissertation is the result of an interest in the description of al-Yaman and the Hadramawt found in medieval Arabic texts. These texts have never been translated into English to any important degree, and this research represents therefore a pioneer effort. The dissertation begins with an overview, a summary of how medieval Arabic geography began and developed through the influences of Greek, Indian, and Iranian thought to the classical period of Arabic geography and subsequently declined into an age of compilation. This is followed up by a section on the life and works of each author, how the work here translated fits into his career, and how each work relates to the knowledge and information available to that author in his contemporary learned society. The main part of the dissertation deals with the translations themselves. Selections of the important texts are presented to reveal the context of the major geographical themes described. The last major section focuses upon the major themes in the translations. The significance of what information emerges from the texts is analyzed and those elements appearing in each author's work that give it unique importance are discussed.

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2

Deeb, Zakia Ali. "A taxonomy of translation problems in translating from English to Arabic". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/229.

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Abstract (sommario):

This thesis investigates translation problems in translating from English to Arabic. Despite the fact that there are some taxonomies available, none is based on empirical research; moreover, none can be considered comprehensive. The present study provides a ranked taxonomy of problems in translating from English to Arabic that was developed through two empirical studies. The first is a case-study of the researcher translating a published corpus of short translation-class texts. Since the aim of this project is pedagogical, students of translation were the target population of the second multi-subject study. Here, 56 undergraduate and 18 postgraduate students in Arabic —+ English translation classes at Al-Fateh University and the Academy of Graduate Studies in Libya translated a sub-set of the same texts. By comparing the two groups' performance, the researcher could also find out the effects of translation experience/proficiency on the type and severity of problems. The taxonomy consists of four levels: supra, main, sub and sub-sub categories. The supra category includes problems of ST Comprehension and TT Production and problems of Transfer Process. The main category includes Micro-Language problems, Macro-Text level problems and Strategies and Techniques problems. The sub-category includes problems of Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling, Rhetorical and stylistic devices, Cohesion, Register and style, Background Knowledge and Culture. The sub-sub categories include forty seven categories such as problems of Word order, Fixed Expressions, Spelling Slips, Irony, Omission and Additions. A tentative ranking of the difficulty of problems is based on three factors: perceived difficulty, error count and error severity. What distinguishes the taxonomy formulated in the present study from existing ones is comprehensiveness, e.g. in combining problems of ST comprehension, TT production and problems of transfer process, or in combining problems of the language system and extra-textual problems; and the ranking adds another dimension. The thesis consists of six chapters: Chapter One outlines the theme of the project and presents the research questions. Chapter Two reviews the relevant literature with an emphasis on translation problems and errors. Chapter Three presents the researcher case-study which sets the ground for the multi-subject main-study in Chapter Four. Chapter Five provides a model of English —* Arabic translation problems as exemplified by the taxonomy of translation problems and discusses the ranking system used and its outcome. Chapter Six, Conclusion, evaluates the outcome of the study, assesses the methodology that has been used to investigate the issues set in the research questions and discusses implications for further research.

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3

Vollandt, Ronny. "Christian-Arabic translations of the Pentateuch from the 9th to the 13th centuries : a comparative study of manuscripts and translation techniques". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.591090.

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4

Leeming, K. "Byzantine hagiographies in Arabic : three translations from a ninth-century manuscript copied at the monastery of Mar Saba in Palestine (Vaticanus Arabicus 71)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327547.

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5

Madi, Yamen. "The translation of context-based proverbial expressions from Arabic into English". Pretoria : [S.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082009-161339.

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6

Erdmann, Alexander. "Practical Morphological Modeling: Insights from Dialectal Arabic". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1598006284544079.

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7

Polliack, Meira. "The Karaite translation tradition of the Pentateuch into Arabic : a linguistic study of Karaite translations of the Pentateuch from the tenth to the eleventh centuries A.D". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307066.

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8

Argeg, Garsa Mousbah. "The problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic". Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11166/.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study tackles the problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic a. It uses an evaluative approach to investigate and discuss the problems and intricacies of translating medical terms from English into Arabic. The purpose of the study is to display the difficulties of translating medical terms and how they were tackled by postgraduate students who are competent in medical translation and professional Arabic translators who work in the medical field. The study adopts a qualitative-quantitative approach. It focuses on different types of medical terms, excluding pharmacy-related terms. In order to find out and identify the real difficulties behind translating medical terms and how they could be approached by experienced translators, the researcher utilized a questionnaire test that included a set of English medical terms to be translated into Arabic by students who were doing a PhD in translation. The same questionnaire was also given to a group of professional Arabic translators. As medical terms are the key components of medical texts, the questionnaire included forty-five diversified English medical terms taken from different medical reports, namely National Health Service (NHS) leaflets and flyers and World Health Organization (WHO) reports for 2007 and 2008. The official Arabic translations of these documents were used to assess the translations given by the subjects in comparison to and contrast with some medical dictionaries and reliable medical websites. The population of the study included 54 postgraduate students (doing PhDs in Arabic translation) in Libyan (the researcher’s origin country) and UK universities and 12 Arabic translators working in UK hospitals and clinics. The results from the data analysis showed that the translation of the medical terms posed real difficulties and challenges for the students and inexperienced professional translators although the experienced professional translators found them comparatively straightforward. Hence, the result highlights the problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic and the importance of training to work in the medical field as a translator. Also, the study concluded that literal translation, the heavy use of transliteration, inconsistency, the students’ lack of sufficient experience and practice in medical translation, and lack of up-to date English-Arabic medical dictionaries are factors that have given rise to problems in medical translation. Also, the study showed that almost no professional translators use CAT tools or MT to help them translate the medical terms.

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9

Giaber, Jamal Mohamed. "Translating derivational suffixes in linguistics terminology from English into Arabic". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22243.

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Abstract (sommario):

Affixes have been treated globally without adequate regard to their use in the discipline, and without proper consideration of translation problems. What is actually needed is a thorough treatment of affixes from the point view of terminological translation, and in the light of Arabic word-formation devices. This study is a contribution in this respect. It considers the translation of ten suffixes in linguistics terminology from English into Arabic. These suffixes are: -able, -ization, -lect, -eme, -nym, -graph, -graphy, -gram, -logy and -ics. In discussing the issues related to translating these suffixes, the following six-procedure approach was adopted: (1) identification of the origin and general use(s) in English of each suffix, (2) identification of the technical sense(s) of each suffix in linguistics, (3) identification of the ways through which Arabic expresses the concepts denoted in English by the discussed suffix, (4) critical discussion of the translation equivalents offered by Arab terminographers for the linguistic terms formed each of the above suffixes, (5) identification or suggestion of suitable translation technique(s) that achieve(s) precision, concision, and consistency, and maintain(s) formal and conceptual relationships between morphologically and semantically related terms, and (6) verification of the adopted translation techniques and linguistic devices by suggesting suitable translation equivalents for all included terms. The study is divided into six chapters the first of which is an introduction . The second chapter is devoted to some linguistic and terminological preliminaries, including (a) special nature of technical terms in general, (b) nature of linguistics terminology in English and its impact on translation, (c) significance of word-formation and its implications for terminological translation, (d) word-structure and word-formation in Arabic, and (e) nature of English suffixes and its implications for terminological translation into Arabic. Issues related to translating the selected suffixes proper are discussed in the core chapters as follows: the suffixes -able and -ization in chapter three, the suffixes -lect, -eme and -nym in chapter four, the suffixes -graph, -graphy and -gram in chapter five, and the suffixes -logy and -ics in chapter six.

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10

Alshunnag, M. B. M. "Translating conceptual metaphor in popular biomedical texts from English to Arabic". Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/39306/.

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Abstract (sommario):

The current study explores the metaphorical conceptualisations of biomedical knowledge in online articles found in the English/American popular scientific magazine Scientific American and their translation in the Arabic Majallat Al Oloom. The study aims to reveal the translatability of metaphors between the two languages from a cognitive perspective. It seeks to explore the translation techniques that are chosen to transfer the conceptual metaphors between the involved languages. The Conceptual Metaphor Theory initiated by Lakoff and Johnson (1980a/2003), is used as the principal theory for analysing the conceptual representation, typology and metaphorical mappings of these popular biomedical metaphors. The Semantic Field Theory of metaphor, proposed by Kittay and Lehrer (1981), is used to identify the source domains and target domains of these metaphors. The Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP), proposed by Pragglejaz Group (2007), is used to determine the metaphorical linguistic representation of these metaphors. The discoursal-pragmatic functions of these metaphors are investigated according to the typology of scientific metaphor, suggested by Boyd (1993), whereas the persuasive function of metaphors, put forward by Cherteris-Black (2004), is used in this discourse to identify their pragmatic functions. An amalgamation of translation methods, suggested by both Schäffner (2004) and Toury (1995), are used to analyse the translation procedures found in the Arabic magazine in order to determine whether the metaphors are retained, modified, paraphrased, deleted, or even if a new metaphor is created in the target texts in addition to new strategies detected in the corpus.

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11

Obeidat, Mohammed Mahmoud. "Translating conjunctions in political journalistic argumentative texts from English into Arabic". Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26841/.

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Political Journalistic Argumentative Texts (PJATs) have always been challenging for translators of this type of texts when rendering them into Arabic. One major problem facing translators of this genre is the translation of conjunctions which is often overshadowed by researchers. This study recovers the meanings and functions of conjunctions and their role in maintaining cohesion and coherence in discourse. Due to the political nature of this type of discourse and mistranslating the relations residing between adjacent sentences which mainly rely on conjunctions to signal to them, ideology, when mistranslating conjunction, may come to surface causing more problems relating to meaning interpretation, namely on the part of the receivers of translated texts. With this in mind, this study has been conducted with the aim of finding out the most frequently used conjunctions and whether they are adequately translated from English into Arabic, the most frequently problem-causing conjunctions, and identifying the relationship between conjunctions, on the one hand, and cohesion and coherence, on the other. To make this happen, a corpus of 40 PJATs translated into Arabic in two major Jordanian newspapers, Al-Rai and Ad-Dustour, has been studied with specific attention to the process of translating conjunctions in light of Halliday and Hasan's (1976) model of conjunctions. Conjunctions were initially looked at as being translated or non-translated, and each of the headings was examined according to a three step scale: adequate, semiadequate, and inadequate. The findings of the study show that the overall number of conjunction relations (both syndetic and asyndetic) in the corpus was 1469 including additive, adversative, causal, temporal, zero conjunction, and paragraph beginnings conjunction relations. The findings have shown that a significant number (52.82%) of these conjunction relations was either inadequately or semi-adequately translated into Arabic. The study has also revealed that asyndetic conjunction in English represents one of the major problems in texts translated into Arabic featuring 44.38% of the total number of the conjunction relations; for this particular problematic area, this study argues that the Arabic conjunction (j) can be the best equivalent to the English asyndetic conjunction. This relatively high percentage of mistranslations at the level of the relations residing between sentences forming a larger text will inevitably cast its influence on the quality of the translated text on three major levels: cohesion, coherence and ideology, with the aim of reflecting on these three influential levels in discourse, Critical Discourse Analysis was adopted as a framework of analysis to show how the ideological background of the receivers, namely the Target Language receivers, may interfere and lead them through irrelevant and sometimes dark tunnels as a result of misunderstanding the semantic relation existing between adjacent sentences in translated texts. To sum up, this study of PJATs represents a corner stone for translators, researchers and students of translation as it has shed light on the problem of translating conjunctions from English into Arabic, highlighted the problematic areas and proposed some guidelines to dealing with the conjunctions and their close connection with cohesion and coherence in discourse. KEY WORDS: Conjunction in English, Conjunction in Arabic, Cohesion, Coherence, Ideology, Political Discourse, Discourse Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis, Argumentation, Journalese, and Translation.

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12

Alqahtani, O. A. M. "Investigating the translation of euphemism in the Quran from Arabic into English". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7995/.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study investigated the accuracy and quality across five different translations of the Quran from Arabic into English, focusing on euphemism. It evaluated the degree of faithfulness or deviation in meaning from the original and corroborated whether this is due to the translating approach or inadequate understanding of the meaning of Quranic text. It assessed the main features of euphemistic expressions in the Quran, how euphemistic expressions have been translated, and provided recommendations on how to improve the translation of euphemistic expressions in the Quran. Throughout its long history, translation and translation studies have never been free from conflicting views. Translation is one of the most researched topics and no other issue has preoccupied theorists and practitioners as much as the translation debate which has brought about a split of views, specifically into those who claim that translation is an art and those who believe that translation is a science. Each camp puts forward unrealistic expectations of what translation is and what it can achieve. Despite the boom in translation studies over the last decades which has provided interesting and fresh insights, it remains an area which has little theoretical base and very few research landmarks. Translation has rarely managed to rise above mere comparative analysis of language pairs, examining their cross linguistic and cultural differences. Translation approaches, procedures and techniques are not one size fits all. They may work well for Indo-European languages but may not for Semitic languages, for instance. They are often prescriptive, abstract and lack practical implications. Highly expressive and colourful components of any language are often deliberately substituted by euphemistic expressions. Euphemism is thus a purposeful act of softening existing terms or expressions with neutral, courteous and ‘clean’ words. Euphemism is said to be a form of deception. This study examined the translation of euphemism in the Quran focusing on the English versions of the Quran by Abdel Haleem, Khan and Al-Hilali, Yusuf Ali, Arberry, and Pickthall. It was found that translators often underestimate the complexity of translation, particularly the translation of euphemism in the Quran Based on the nature of the problem and the research questions, the method adopted in this study used a qualitative approach starting with text based analysis of a broad sample of euphemistic expressions from the five selected versions of translations of the Quran. This was supported by semi-structured interviews with professional translators to gauge their views and perceptions regarding the meanings of euphemism in the Quran. The key findings suggest that there is no single method which will address all of the challenges faced by the translators of euphemisms of the Quran. Moreover, many Islamic concepts and cultural bound items are untranslatable, thus loss of some meaning is inevitable. Findings revealed that straightforward and mechanical transfer of euphemisms from the Quran produces meaningless or clumsy utterances because there is no direct correspondence between Arabic and English euphemistic expressions. Therefore, translating euphemism in the Quran goes beyond mere linguistic transfer. This study has several practical implications. Firstly, it will benefit translators of the Quran by providing fresh insights into dealing with some of the challenges of translating euphemism from the Quran. Secondly, it will provide a platform for further research on translating euphemism as it has expanded the existing literature on translating euphemistic expressions from the Quran to benefit future researchers.

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13

Al-Mahadin, Lama K. "The text & the image : translating children's literature from English into Arabic". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27012.

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Abstract (sommario):

Studies dealing with the translation of children's literature from English into Arabic are almost non-existent in both the West and the Arab world. This is despite the fact that most Arabic children's stories are mainly translation from foreign languages in which English as a source language has pride of place. Such a situation may be attributed to the fact that children's literature in the Arab world is regarded as subsidiary to adult literature and, thus, is not sufficiently discussed in literary, linguistic and/or translation studies. The thesis presents textual analyses of translation of children's literature from English into Arabic. To facilitate analyses, a framework will be developed, making use of a number of insights, including some recent text-linguistic approaches and the literary polysystem theory. An attempt is made to establish a connection between the various components of a children's story, including illustrations, and the textual choices of the translator. A number of stories translated from English into Arabic will be analysed both at the macro- and micro- levels of the text. Most of the stories used in this research are aimed at children between the age group of 4-8 years old. A range of issues will be discussed in the thesis. These include the influence of Arabic diglossia on translation children's literature (register); the way writers in Arabic and English construct their messages according to their intended audience and the influence of that on the target language reader (pragmatics); and the continuous interaction between the textual material and illustrations in both the source and target language texts (text-type, genre, discourse and illustrations).

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14

Al-Kharabsheh, Ala Eddin M. A. A. "The translation of different types of technico-scientific compounds from English into Arabic". Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26526/.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study is an evaluative approach to investigate the scope, problems, and intricacies of translating technico-scientific compounds. The study incorporates a qualitative-quantitative approach in which a descriptive-empirical analysis is endorsed by quantitation. The study, which is the first of its kind, focuses on seven different types of compounds namely, endocentric compounds, compounds containing exocentric determinant unit, verbal compounds, compounds containing lexicalised bound morphemes, metaphoric compounds, rhyming compounds, and phrasal compounds. To capture the reality of translating these types, identify possible relevant difficulties, and provide an authentic data corpus for this study, the researcher devised a questionnaire test that included a set of compounds to be translated into Arabic. This test included forty six diversified English scientific compounds taken from four scientific fields that have been arabicized by JAAL (Jordan Academy of Arabic Language) and AALC (Academy of Arabic Language/ Cairo). These fields include Computer Science (CS), General Electricity T.V. and Radio (GETR), Civil and Architectural Engineering (CAG), and Air-conditioning, Cooling and Sanitary Ware (ACS). The population of the study includes postgraduate translation students in Jordan and the U.K., totalling 58 respondents on the M.A. translation programmes at The University of Salford, UMIST University, The University of Durham, and Yarmouk University (Jordan). The results of the data analysis indicated that the translation of the different types of compounds posed real difficulties and true challenges to translators as it is evident in the statistics which reveal that the overall difficulty for endocentric compound accounted for 85.67%, compounds containing exocentric determinant units 84.81%, verbal compounds 80.63%, compounds containing lexicalised bound morphemes 74.46%, metaphoric compounds 71.17%, rhyming compounds 88.26%, and phrasal compounds 89.64%, with a total overall difficulty of 82.09%. Hence, the respondents encountered four main areas of difficulties: conceptual (semantic), lexical, textual, and stylistic. The study exposed eleven strategies the respondents resorted to in order to overcome the translation difficulties. These cover caique translation, literal translation, idiomatic translation, omission, contraction, transposition, transliteration, expansion, explanation, Naht, and blank. In terms of type of equivalence, the respondents mainly employed four types, namely, formal, functional, ideational, and textual. The data analysis showed that formal equivalence was the most frequently utilized one by the student translators. Furthermore, literal translation, the respondents' poor linguistic competence, the respondents' poor contrastive translation competence, the varying degrees of opaqueness and specialization of compounds, lack of sufficient experience and practice in technical translation are factors found to have given rise to a wide spectrum of misinterpretations and mistranslations. Finally, the study is concluded by suggesting a compound-disambiguation scheme comprised of sequential, discrete, interdependent, and complementary processes; drawing some helpful guidelines for the translation of compounds from the point of view of Arabic and that of English; and drawing some recommendations and suggestions for future research.

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15

Chakhachiro, Raymond, of Western Sydney Macarthur University e Faculty of Education. "The translation of irony in Australian political commentary texts from English into Arabic". THESIS_FE_XXX_Chakhachiro_R.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/425.

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Abstract (sommario):

The main thesis of this study is that the translation of irony from English into Arabic in commentary texts in Australia is not amenable to traditional translation theories. The way Arabic and English speakers employ irony to express themselves reflects the linguistic and cultural distance between both languages. To tackle this problem, the study ventures into a contrastive analysis with reference to a number of linguistic and non-linguistic devices and concepts. It concentrates on the interpretation and the linguistic realisation of irony in both languages by utilising a number of contemporary linguistic models. The research takes the view that ironic devices are the foundation of the structural development of the texts in question. To demonstrate this, the speech act and conversational theories are used. The interaction between the ironic devices and the text development constitute a framework for the overall rhetorical meaning of the text. After an overview of the relevant literature of translation, contrastive analysis and comparative stylistics, an analysis/translation model is devised and implemented. A thorough contrastive analysis is made of English and Arabic commentary texts. Similarities and differences between the Arabic and English texts are found. Discrepancies were observed in the form, function and the number of ironic devices used in both languages. Based on the findings seven general strategies are proposed for the translation of irony in Australian commentary texts from English into Arabic.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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16

Chakhachiro, Raymond. "The translation of irony in Australian political commentary texts from English into Arabic". Thesis, View thesis, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/425.

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Abstract (sommario):

The main thesis of this study is that the translation of irony from English into Arabic in commentary texts in Australia is not amenable to traditional translation theories. The way Arabic and English speakers employ irony to express themselves reflects the linguistic and cultural distance between both languages. To tackle this problem, the study ventures into a contrastive analysis with reference to a number of linguistic and non-linguistic devices and concepts. It concentrates on the interpretation and the linguistic realisation of irony in both languages by utilising a number of contemporary linguistic models. The research takes the view that ironic devices are the foundation of the structural development of the texts in question. To demonstrate this, the speech act and conversational theories are used. The interaction between the ironic devices and the text development constitute a framework for the overall rhetorical meaning of the text. After an overview of the relevant literature of translation, contrastive analysis and comparative stylistics, an analysis/translation model is devised and implemented. A thorough contrastive analysis is made of English and Arabic commentary texts. Similarities and differences between the Arabic and English texts are found. Discrepancies were observed in the form, function and the number of ironic devices used in both languages. Based on the findings seven general strategies are proposed for the translation of irony in Australian commentary texts from English into Arabic.

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17

Chakhachiro, Raymond. "The translation of irony in Australian political commentary texts from English into Arabic /". View thesis, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030715.161818/index.html.

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18

Lounis, Hassane. "Discourse connectives in translation : a relevance-theoretic account with special reference to translation from and into Arabic". Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26782/.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present study investigates how Discourse Connectives are handled in translation. It starts by reviewing available published studies on DCs with a particular focus on how these impacted on the field of translation studies and translation practice. DCs in English are mainly looked at from two different angles as the study shows: coherence/cohesion theory or from a relevance theory perspective. In Arabic, they are mainly grammatical structures. The study provides arguments which explain why looking at these linguistic structures from a relevance theory standpoint provide a better basis for understanding their role and the discourse in which they occur. The aim of the present research is to investigate how Discourse Connectives (DCs)- the structures used to provide the reader/hearer with clues as to what direction the writer/speaker wants them to focus on- are handled in translation. The research attempts to shed light on choices translators make when encountering DCs, and endeavours to put these choices to scrutiny by drawing on relevance theory. Thus, the main hypothesis adopted is that each instance a DCs is utilised, it is assumed that it bears a degree of relevance to the reader/hearer or in other words assist them to a less costly process - in terms of time and mental processing effort - in reaching the intended communication. To provide evidence for this view an empirical investigation was carried out. The corpus studied was published by the American geo- political studies think-tank (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) were selected together with their professionally translated and published versions. An investigation of DCs and their translation was carried out on carefully selected corpora. The basis of this discussion is the application of the Principle of Relevance as suggested by proponents of Relevance Theory in reaching the intended meaning in the source text through contextual effects (knowledge of the world, to use relevance theory proponents terms) and the notion of 'clues7, provided by discourse connectives, which facilitate a successful rendering.

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19

Ibrahem, Ibrahem M. Mohamad. "Textual aspects in translating legal texts from Arabic into English with reference to Libyan commercial law". Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3373/.

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Abstract (sommario):

This research aims to examine the challenges in translating legal texts with reference to Libyan commercial law. It analyses Libyan legal texts translated into English in terms of lexical, syntactic and textual features in order to identify the similarities and differences between Arabic and English legal texts and to tackle the major translation difficulties that face Libyan translators in the field of legal translation. The research adopts two methods in analysing the data; first, through a contrastive analysis of both Arabic and English legal texts; second, through an empirical study conducted by answering two surveys. The first survey was answered by legal translators and the second by lawyers specializing in legal drafting in Libya.

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20

Omar, Lamis Ismail. "A cognitive approach to the translation of creative metaphor in Othello and Macbeth from English into Arabic". Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6965/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Despite the intriguing nature of metaphor and its acknowledged importance in the discipline of Translation Studies (TS), a relatively small number of studies have explored the translation of metaphor from the perspective of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and very few of them adopted an experiential approach to the object of analysis. This research aims at exploring the translatability of creative metaphor in six Arabic translations of Shakespeare’s Othello and Macbeth based on a combined methodology that adopts the Conceptual Theory of Metaphor and the descriptive approach to text analysis in TS. The empirical study argues that metaphor translatability is an experiential process that is highly influenced by the diversity and richness of our conceptual system and the background knowledge shared by the metaphor producer and metaphor translator. Discussing metaphor translatability from the perspective of these factors involves dealing with different levels of variation in our metaphoric thinking including the cultural, contextual and pragmatic levels. The analyses and discussions of the empirical study mark a departure from text-linguistic approaches to the topic in that they deal with the Source Text’s and Target Text’s metaphoric content as physically embedded conceptual models rather than linguistic patterns with grammatically delineated features and structures. The arguments of the study answer several questions with regard to researching the translation of metaphor from the perspective of Conceptual Theory, providing a detailed description of what exactly influences the process and product of translation, and underlining the functionality of the variation factor in appreciating the conceptual nature of metaphor. The results of the empirical research reveal that, although our metaphoric thinking has a universally shared metaphoric structure, not all our metaphors are translatable or translated in a single way, which refutes the supremacy of the notion of metaphor universality, putting emphasis on the factors of experientialism, exposure and intentionality.

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21

Hussein, Abdullah Ibrahim Abdullah. "A text-linguistic approach to shifts in the translation of ideologically oriented texts from English to Arabic". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/269.

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22

Ari, Galal Nour Mohamed. "Influence of contextual factors on translation shifts case study : English to Arabic translation of reports from the Pan African Parliament (PAP)". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65576.

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Abstract (sommario):

This research set out to study the influence of contextual factors on the occurrence of translation shifts through the case study of English to Arabic translation of reports from the Pan African Parliament (PAP). The phenomenon of translation shifts has not yet been dealt with extensively in the field of translation and in particular in the combination of English and Arabic. Therefore, this research intends to contribute positively to fill this gap in the body of knowledge. The main objective of the research is to explore the nature of contextual factors that impact on the occurrence of the phenomenon of translation shifts and how this very phenomenon is manifested in translation strategies that are used to overcome translation problems at the word and above word levels. To achieve the objectives of the research, a quantitative and qualitative study was designed to explore the correlation among three related variables which are: translation problems, translation strategies and translation shifts. As a case study the data focuses on reports (ST and TT) of the Permanent Committees of the PAP produced between 2010 and 2016. The research found that at the word level, both the stylistic and contextual factors had an influence on the occurrence of the translation shifts, but the influence of the contextual factors is less than that of the stylistic factors. On the other hand, the research found that the contextual factor is the main factor that impacts on the same phenomenon above word level. The main conclusions of the research are that because of the inherent structural differences between English and Arabic, the occurrence of translation shifts is inevitable. There are also many other factors, such as stylistic and contextual factors, which govern the structure of different languages. Therefore, the research emphasises that the occurrence of this phenomenon is natural and it should be expected between any two languages. Finally, due to specific limitations in the study, the research recommends that the scope of the study be widened in future research. The research further strongly advocates for the study of translation shifts in various contexts, and therefore recommends that the study of this phenomenon should form part of any translation course.
Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
African Languages
MA
Unrestricted

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23

Merakchi, Khadidja. "The translation of metaphors in popular science from English into Arabic in the domain of astronomy and astrophysics". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/848802/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Popular science articles are nowadays a key component of the scientific writing landscape: science is popularised through a recontextualization of a primary scientific discourse to fit the knowledge and expectations of a broader audience, but then disseminated further through translation. This recontextualization is often achieved using metaphors to help the non-expert reader to access complex and abstract scientific concepts based on shared author-reader experiences, which are, however, not necessarily shared with the new target-culture audience, potentially endangering cross-linguistic communication of the scientific content. This thesis aims to investigate metaphors in American popular science articles dealing with astronomy and astrophysics published in Scientific American and their Arabic translations published in Majallat-Al-Oloom. The thesis focuses more particularly on metaphors fulfilling a pedagogical role which are embedded in culture specific domains. Although English is argued to be the global lingual franca of the sciences nowadays, the use of culture specific metaphors might raise difficulties in disseminating the scientific content in English and in its translations. The field of astronomy and astrophysics has been chosen because of the complex and often abstract nature of its concepts that requires an appropriate discourse strategy to bring abstract concepts closer to the general reader’s understanding. It is also a domain that is visible in the public understanding of the sciences through its large diffusion. In this scientific communication metaphor fulfils not only a terminological function but is also used as a pedagogical tool to achieve popularisation. Despite its role in disseminating scientific content, metaphor in the discourse of astronomy and astrophysics has remained so far unexplored from both metaphor studies and translation perspectives. To achieve these aims, a multidimensional framework combining a conceptual approach with linguistic and functional elements was devised to capture the complexity of metaphor from a translation perspective, especially between languages of differing diffusion where English is a global lingua franca. A bilingual corpus was compiled (circa 150,000 words) and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The updated version of the metaphor identification procedure (MIPVU) was further adapted to allow the identification of the linguistic metaphors and their functions. The methodology also accounted for how the conceptual metaphors are implied from the linguistic data, a step that is often unaccounted for in the literature. The study shows that linguistic metaphors used in the source texts fulfil mainly a pedagogical function and are often embedded in culture-specific domains, presenting challenges for translation. A wide range of strategies was identified in the translation of these metaphors, where the same conceptual metaphor is often reproduced in the target text by combining many strategies (couplets). This results in new metaphors in the target system that are argued to achieve a dual purpose: they facilitate access to scientific concepts communicated in the source text by unpacking the metaphorical images for a new audience; and they contribute to the enrichment of the target-language system.

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24

El, Mallah Fuzi. "Arabic-English translational crossover viewed from a linguistic/cultural perspective : with special reference to the major principles involved in translating the metaphorical language of the Quran". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27976.

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Abstract (sommario):

This work provides an analytical critique of some selected English translations of the Original Quran. This research tries to demonstrate (1) whether the cultural convergence of English and Arabic, due to globalisation, is leading to any further linguistic intermingling and (2) whether the cultural backgrounds of translators, in terms of their native languages, religion and place of origin/residence have any influence on the quality of their translational works. The first chapter builds up a theoretical base, by reviewing thematically the available literature upon which translational strategies are established. The second chapter discusses the differences between the two cultures concerned and the translation of the main features of culture. This chapter concentrates on cultural factors from an Arabic/English translational perspective, i.e. their impact on the rendition of cultural features such as the ecological, religious, social, political, and material aspects. Chapter three is concerned with the literal linguistic differences. More specifically, literal language will be looked at on a grammatical basis. The fourth chapter will cover the figurative level of linguistic differences, as it is more cultural based. It will view the most important traditional tropes but will concentrate on the figures of speech that are most commonly used in the Quran and those than are stylistically useful and effective. Metaphor will be dealt with separately in chapter five. The analysis of chapter seven will be linguistically based on text patterns by examining and tracing chronologically the figurative language of the Quran through metaphorical discourse and to find out whether cultural convergence through temporal constraints has an effect on the way translators treat the Quran. Chapter eight focuses culturally on the profiles and cultural backgrounds of the translators of the Quran and their intentions in terms of whether they see the Quran as the word of God or whether they deal with it as a literary text.

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25

Fatani, Amin Y. "The treatment of culture-specific vocabulary in dictionaries for translating from English to Arabic : a critical and empirical exploration". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284622.

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26

Al, Salem Mohd Nour. "The translation of metaphor from Arabic to English in selected poems of Mahmoud Darwish with a focus on linguistic issues". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7703/.

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Abstract (sommario):

The translation of Arabic literature into English is a wide field of study. The present study focuses only on one aspect - the translation of metaphor in selected poems of Mahmoud Darwish. Arabic is widely known as a strongly metaphorical language, and Darwish’s poems as part of Arabic literature hold many embedded meanings and metaphors that play a major role in building up their artistic flavour. In many translations of Arabic poems, metaphors and other figures of speech are mistranslated and, consequently, misunderstood by target text (TT) readers. This affects the meaning, form, imagery and moral/theme and leads to a distorted and inferior copy of the original poem. The present study aims to analyse the Arabic-to-English translation approaches adopted in rendering metaphors in poetic discourse, with specific reference to ten of Mahmoud Darwish’s poems. Six of the poems chosen have been translated more than once. This approach to selection will provide a platform for a comparative/contrastive analysis between different translations. The other four poems are translated only once. In fact, Darwish is a poet of universal significance whose message transcends the personal to the public, and he is well known for using many types of metaphors in his poems to relay certain messages and images to express his themes in an indirect way. The researcher will analyse each metaphor in the source text (ST) and its translation(s) to investigate whether or not the translators have succeeded in conveying the metaphor and message accurately, the type of resemblance embedded in the original poems, as well as the effect of the new metaphor on the reader of English. The study makes use of the fields of text linguistics, lexical semantics, and contrastive linguistics.

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27

Jarjour, M. "A relevance-theoretic account of the translation of ideological assumptions in the language of the news with specific reference to translation from English into Arabic". Thesis, University of Salford, 2006. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14916/.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aim of this research is to shed light on the application of Relevance theory to the translation of modality between Arabic and English with special reference to the language used in newspaper reports.

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28

Mujaddadi, A. "Recontexualising racial slurs from English to Arabic : a comparative analysis of subtitles in relation to translation strategies and socio-cultural norms". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3011717/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Although Audiovisual Translation (AVT) studies have proliferated in the past two decades, studies that tackle AVT in Arabic are still in their early stages. More specifically, very few studies investigate subtitling as a norm-governed, micro-level process that reflects macro-level, socio-cultural structures. Therefore, this thesis investigates the subtitling of racial slurs from English to Arabic by utilising the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). It seeks to identify the main subtitling strategies that Arab subtitlers use to translate racial slurs in English-language films into Arabic and the ideological underpinnings behind those strategies. Racial slurs are seen as aspects of lingua-culture; their occurrence represents the ideologies of race and racism that operate within a given socio-culture. This study shows that racial slurs serve as tools for characterisation through stereotyping. Moreover, the study demonstrates how racial slurs are a manifestation of the audience design involved in producing a film’s script. A dataset that consists of 556 racial slurs found in 102 films which were recorded from Arab satellite channels is compiled. The study identifies transfer, decimation, imitation, resignation, and omission as the main strategies that Arab subtitlers use in translating racial slurs. After the main subtitling strategies have been identified, the dataset is approached from the angle of racial categories targeted by racial slurs. This approach forms the basis of the in-depth, qualitative analysis of several representative scenes from the films under investigation. First, the analysis focuses on racial slurs targeting Blacks, which are the most recurring in the dataset. Then I analyse the sporadic racial categories of Whites, Asians, Latinos, and Jews. Finally, I focus on racial slurs that target Arabs and Muslims, as these groups represent the members of the audience in the Arab socio-culture. The analysis shows that the subtitling strategy of transfer is more prone to be used with racial slurs that have readily available equivalents in Arabic, such as those that target Blacks and Jews. Reduction strategies are used more frequently with sporadic racial categories and with those categories in which finding an equivalent in Arabic poses a challenge. I argue that the subtitling of racial slurs represents a process in which slurs are entextualised from their original contexts and their linguistic and lingua-cultural layers thereby altered. This process serves as an index of the different ideologies of racism that exist in Western and Arab socio-cultural contexts. It also manifests the role of patronage in controlling the subtitling industry and the subtitled product that reaches Arab audiences. It can be suggested that Arab subtitlers tend to apply domestication as a governing norm in the subtitling of racial slurs, as the acceptability of the subtitled text for the Arab audience seems to be the main priority for subtitlers.

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29

Al-Bataineh, Afaf Badr. "The modern Arabic novel : a literary and linguistic analysis of the genre of popular fiction, with special reference to translation from English". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1233.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aim of this thesis is to examine the notion of 'genre' in general as a basic unit in linguistic, cultural and literary analysis. Chapter One is an introduction to this study outlining my aims and objectives which are mainly related to popular fiction in English and Arabic. Chapter Two discusses the theory of genre both from a linguistic and a literary point of view, underlining crosscultural differences and similarities. These critical insights should enable us to form an overall picture of how the subject of my case study (Mills & Boon and its translation into Arabic) is viewed in the languages and cultures concerned: this particular genre has not been acceptable to the Western literary establishment until recently, and is not acceptable to the Arabic critical establishment even today. Chapter Three historically deals with the first attempts in writing novels in Arabic. This was influenced by translation, but an Arabic genre nevertheless emerged. Chapter Four critically focuses on this aspect of the canonization of the novel in Arabic. This has influenced the development of popular fiction in this language. Chapter Five presents a detailed analysis of one particular example of popular fiction in Arabic, one which was seen negatively by the critics. Chapter Six discusses the tension between the canon and the periphery as far as the novel is concerned. This is illustrated by an analysis of an Arabic novel which we take to be a good example of popular fiction. Chapter Seven deals with aspects of Eastern and Western translation theory relevant to my analysis of genre. Chapter Eight presents a detailed analysis of a Mills & Boon novel in English and its translation into Arabic. Finally, Chapter Nine briefly summarizes the issues discussed and points us towards some general direction and pedagogic implications.

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30

Almanna, Ali. "Quality in the translation of narrative fictional texts from Arabic into English for the purposes of publication : towards a systematic approach to (self)-assessing the translation process". Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7373/.

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Abstract (sommario):

The main focus of the current study is on translation quality assurance. In studying the translation process, the present study does not confine itself to the micro-level of translating, i.e. reading, analysing, comprehending, transferring, polishing the draft translation and the like. Rather, the translation process is studied from a perspective of translation as industry; it is divided into three main phases, namely: 1. pre-translation, 2. translation and 3. post-translation. Each of these three phases of the translation process requires those involved in the whole project to take certain steps that correspond to each level’s requirements with a view to ensuring the quality of the translation process that leads to the quality of the product. The translation process at its macro level is envisaged in this research as a set of constraint-motivated strategies. Dealing with the text at hand, translators encounter a set of constraints. In studying these constraints and their effects on the final shape of the translated text, constraints are divided into two types, viz. verbal constraints driven by the text itself (e.g. language-related constraints, textual constraints, cultural constraints with a micro nature, communicative constraints, pragmatic constraints, semiotic constraints and stylistic constraints) and non-verbal constraints originating from outside the text (e.g. cultural constraints with a macro level, purpose of translation, generic conventions, intended readership, power of patronage, master discourse of translation, text typological constraints, discoursal constraints, norm-imposed constraints and translator-related constraints). It has been shown that the relationship between the constraints imposed on the translator and the strategies available is not a one-to-one relationship, but rather the strategy is sometimes a result of more than one constraint. As people are different in perceiving world reality, in their tolerance to the pressure exerted on them, in their beliefs, feelings, cultural background, ideologies, attitudes,such a selection among available strategies is subjective rather than objective, being attributable to translators’ ideology, idiolect, competence, experience, skills and social and religious background.

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31

Brashi, Abbas S. "Arabic collocations : implications for translations". Thesis, View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20062.

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Abstract (sommario):

The subject of collocability has been a common concern among linguists, lexicographers, and language pedagogues recently. They find the linguistic aspect of collocation interesting, because words due not exist in isolation from other words in a language. They exist with other words. In every language, the vocabulary consists of single words and multi-word expressions. Collocations are among those multi-word expressions. The aim of this thesis is to characterize collocations in the Arabic language, to devise a classification of the semantic and the distributional patterns of collocations in the Arabic language and to examine the problems encountered in translating English collocations into Arabic. This will require an analysis of the collocational patterns in both English and Arabic, a classification of the translation outcomes, and therefore, types of errors adopted by translators, an indication of how frequent and significant each error is, and an analysis of the causes of each error.

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32

Brashi, Abbas S. "Arabic collocations implications for translations /". View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20062.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005.
"A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Education and Social Sciences, School of Languages and Linguistics, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2005." Includes bibliographical references and appendices.

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33

Baddar, Maha. "FROM ATHENS (VIA ALEXANDRIA) TO BAGHDAD: HYBRIDITY AS EPISTEMOLOGY IN THE WORK OF AL-KINDI, AL-FARABI, AND IN THE RHETORICAL LEGACY OF THE MEDIEVAL ARABIC TRANSLATION MOVEMENT". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196136.

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Abstract (sommario):

This is a dissertation project on medieval Arabic rhetoric and philosophy that focuses on the innovative nature of the knowledge produced while translating and commenting on foreign works of science and philosophy in Abbasid Baghdad. Chapter One challenges colonial attitudes toward the Translation Movement as exclusively imitative and preservative. The chapter shows that the translations had practical and ideological purposes to fulfill, not simply archival ones. Translation genres are discussed to show how deletions, additions, and new material were introduced during the translation process to ensure that that translation work met the goals of the sponsors. The work of the most renowned translator, Hunayn Ibn Ishaq is discussed in some detail to illustrate the process of translation and to show that translation overlapped with knowledge making. The chapter also covers the translation done in fields such as medicine, astronomy, and philosophy. Chapter Two covers how the work of theorists such as Edward Said, Michel Foucault, and Mikhail Bakhtin enabled me to challenge an Orientalist attitude toward medieval Arabic philosophy as was as show its innovative nature. In Chapter Three, I provide a translation of al-Kindi's "A Statement on the Soul," followed by an analysis of the epistemological and persuasive significance of the treatise. The chapter illustrates how the Arabic engagement with Greek and Neo-Platonic knowledge was dialogic in nature. Chapter Four is a translation of al-Farabi's book of rhetoric. Chapter Five is an analysis of al-Farabi's theory of rhetoric that is based on the previous chapter. It focuses on his understanding of rhetoric as a logical art, how logical and rhetorical terms acquired new meanings when translated from Greek to Arabic in his work, and the rhetorical nature of his work as he adapted Platonic and Aristotelian models to suit his monotheistic context.

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34

Frankel, David Harry. "Studies in Saadiah Gaon's Arabic Translations". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338315987.

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35

Elkhalifa, Mohamed Amani Elmahi. "Cultural challenges in translating Tayeb Salih’s novel Season of Migration to the North (1969) from Arabic into English : a comparative and analytical study with a focus on metaphors and similes". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78218.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study investigates how and to what effect metaphors and similes from Tayeb Salih‘s novel Mawsim al-Hiǧra ilā ash-Shamāl (1966) were translated into English – a worthy topic, given the many linguistic and cultural differences between Arabic and English, and the difficulty of translating figurative language. The novel depicts aspects of the life and culture of the Sudanese people. Initially banned in the Arab world, it was voted, in 2001, the most important Arabic novel of the twentieth century. This brought Tayeb Salih (1929–2009) fame and recognition, and translation into more than twenty languages. Season of Migration to the North (1960), the English translation by Canadian-born orientalist Denys Johnson- Davies (1922–2017), is the object of this particular study. This qualitative study employs descriptive translation studies (DTS) as the main theoretical framework, supplemented by insights gained from equivalence theories, theories of culture, the functionalist approach and cognitive studies. Following a textual approach, the study investigates the Arabic source text, the English target text, applicable translation theories and secondary literature on metaphors and similes as sources of information and/or data. It discusses the aforementioned translation theories, definitions, components and types of metaphors and similes in Arabic and English, as well as strategies and procedures of translating metaphors and similes. The researcher identifies, describes and analyses a selection of similes and metaphors in the Arabic source text, and how they were conveyed in the English target text. The study concludes with a discussion of the effects of the translation choices made and the strategies used.
Dissertation (MA (Applied Language Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
African Languages
MA (Applied Language Studies)
Unrestricted

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36

Shurafa, Nuha Suleima Daoudi. "A critical study of the Arabic translations of Hamlet". Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239974.

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37

Kosoff, Zoe M., e Zoe M. Kosoff. "Register variation in Arabic translations of the WPAI: Balancing localization standards and Arabic language norms". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626393.

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Abstract (sommario):

How does localized translation relate to the Arabic language? According to the Localization Industry Standards Association, localization “involves taking a product and making it linguistically and culturally appropriate to the target locale (country/region and language) where it will be used and sold,” (Esselink 2000a, p. 3). In monoglossic situations, localized translation involves producing translations that reflect regional language variation. Localizing Arabic translations presents a greater challenge because the Arabic language is characterized by both register variation and regional variation (Badawi 1973/2012; Bassiouney 2009; Ferguson 1959/1972). Existing literature addresses both localized translation and Arabic translation, but does not address localized Arabic translation specifically. Within the field of outcomes research, a public health subfield that studies patient populations health and well-being, prior studies that analyze Arabic translations of outcomes research documentation focus solely on the validity of universal, not localized translations. Studies in other specialized fields such as law also fail to include analysis of localized Arabic translation. This study analyzes register and regional variation in one universal and twenty-seven localized Arabic translations of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), a clinical outcome assessment that is frequently localized for use in internationally sited clinical trials (Margaret Reilly Associates 2013). To determine the degree to which the Arabic WPAIs are localized, twenty-one variables including linguistic lexical items, morphological forms, and syntactic structures were coded as either salient Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or localized. Localized variables include salient Levantine Arabic (LA), Gulf Arabic (GA), and Egyptian Arabic (EA) features, shared MSA/LA/GA/EA variables and simplified variables. Then residual analysis of the expected and observed frequencies of each variable determined the overall degree of localization for each variable. Results indicate that salient MSA variables and localized variables are used in all twenty-eight WPAIs while localized salient LA, GA, and EA variables are completely absent. Although the inconsistent use of localized shared and simplified variables throughout the one universal and twenty-seven L-, G-, and E-WPAIs indicates that localization standards are met inconsistently, all twenty-eight WPAIs are successful within a functionalist framework because the use of salient MSA, shared, and simplified variables ensures that the text is accessible to a lay audience, which is the ultimate function of the target text (TT). This study sheds light on the inherent challenges of localized Arabic translation, which is caught between localization standards and Arabic language norms. Motivations for using salient MSA, shared, and simplified variables are discussed and implications of this study include improving methods for producing localized Arabic translations.

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38

Saedi, Ghareeb. "Foreign affinities : Arabic translations of English poetry and their impact on Modern Arabic verse : a discursive approach". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30281/.

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Abstract (sommario):

This is the first discursive study to examine the Arabic translations of a number of major modern poems in the English language in particular T.S. Eliot's 'The Waste Land' and Walt Whitman's 'Song of Myself'. These translations were done by the Arab translators who were themselves modernist poets, including Badr Shakir al- Sayyab, to whom a separate chapter is dedicated as a case study. The thesis begins by underlining the relationship between translation and modernity by reviewing some critical studies and translational strategies. The framework allows me to approach the given poems comprehensively, since this study argues that poetry is not only a linguistic composition but also a socio-cultural construct. Thus, this study treats each of these translations as a discursive process comprising three contexts: situational, verbal and cognitive. The situational context highlights the background of these poems and each one's importance in its own system. It also reveals the reasons why Arab modernists were drawn to these poems. The verbal context studies the Arabic translations of the selected poems. It provides a comparative analysis, although its aim is to emphasize specific stylistic issues which function more than others in the target system. The cognitive context underlines the impact of these English poems on Arabic modernity on formal, stylistic and thematic levels. Finally, the thesis covers the main trends in the translation of English poetry into Arabic, and in so doing it presents a new approach. It also paves the way for more studies to explore further aspects of these works of translation.

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Bani, Abdo Ibrahem M. K. "Stylistic issues in two Arabic translations of Hemingway's 'A Farewell to Arms'". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9402/.

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Abstract (sommario):

This thesis provides an analysis of four stylistic features of Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms (ST) and their equivalents in two Arabic translations (TT1 and TT2): 1. The coordinator and; 2. Existential there; 3. Dummy it; and 4. Fronted adverbials. Examples of these four stylistic features are identified in the ST, TT1, and TT2. Their formal (structural/syntactic) and functional (semantic) properties are then anlaysed linguistically from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Two reader-response questionnaires are administered, one dealing with the ST and the other with TT2. These are used to ascertain readers’ reactions to extracts involving these four stylistic features in the ST and their correspondents in TT2. Finally, the results of the formal and functional analyses of the four stylistic features are compared with those of the reader-response questionnaires. The linguistic analysis reveals that all four stylistic features considered give rise to a variety of translation procedures in TT1 and TT2. It also reveals some changes from the ST meaning in the TTs, particularly in the case of fronted adverbials. The questionnaire analysis shows that while ST respondents saw the ST as ‘simple’ and ‘vivid’ regarding these features positively, TT2 respondents frequently regarded TT2 as ‘simple’ but saw this as a negative feature. Their general view was that Arabic TT2 has a poor style, because it fails to exhibit traditional stylistic and rhetorical features of Arabic writing, such as metaphor and parallelism. Apparently identical stylistic effects, such as ‘simplicity’, may not hold the same value for TT respondents, as for ST respondents. The thesis finally shows the relevance and applicability to the data examined and analyses carried out of a number of translation norms proposed by key translation studies scholars who have dealt with norms: Nord, Toury and Chesterman: 1. Nord’s regulative norms (conventions) (considered identical to Toury’s textual-linguistic norms); 2. Toury’s initial norms; 3. Chesterman’s communication norm; and 4. Chesterman’s relation norm.

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40

Almisned, Othman A. "Metaphor in the Qur'an : an assessment of three English translations of Suurat Al-Hajj". Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1663/.

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41

Barry, Samuel Chew. "The question of Syriac influence upon early Arabic translations of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-question-of-syriac-influence-upon-early-arabic-translations-of-the-aphorisms-of-hippocrates(2b3f4f66-1192-46e7-83f4-34ba6a91d936).html.

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Abstract (sommario):

This thesis takes up the question of the part played by Syriac sources in the composition of early Arabic translations of the Hippocratic Aphorisms. In it, I compare the four major extant Syriac and Arabic translations of the Aphorisms with continual reference to the content of Syriac lexicons composed by the translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq and his students and successors. Through detailed treatments of both the definitions and translations of scores of individual Greek terms found in these sources, as well as through analysis of the translations of the Aphorisms, I weigh the relative importance of Greek and Syriac scholarship for Ḥunayn's translation praxis. In doing so, I specify the value of the Syriac lexicons for the study of Greek-to-Arabic translation while clarifying several outstanding issues in the broader history of Syriac and Arabic medicine.

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42

Benhaddou, Mohamed. "Translation quality assessment : a situational/textual model for the evaluation of Arabic/English translations". Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2082/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Translation evaluation is one of the main concerns of translation theorists, members of translation revision boards, and most importantly it is the concern of translator trainers. Translation quality has often been associated with the correctness of the grammatical structure and the appropriateness of the lexical item. Little concern has empirically been given to units larger than the sentence, i.e. text. This seems to be the result of the prevailing linguistic trend that has put more emphasis on a -context-free' sentence, rather than on text in context. This study proposes to investigate, discuss and develop a translation quality assessment model that takes text, not a sentence as the ultimate aim of analysis. The study will also attempt to explore the theoretical and practical implications of the model to be developed for the training of translators in the Arab world. The model to be developed should be based on the definition that translation is the replacement of a text in the source language by a semantically, pragmatically and textually equivalent text in the target language. Text, then, is the focus of interest in this study. Therefore, the model will be developed within the framework of text lingui4Vics for which text is regarded as a communicative occurrence. The developed model will serve as a means to evaluating the quality of Arabic-English translations of a particular type of texts, argumentative text type. Therefore, two argumentative texts in the form of newspaper editorials, selected from two Moroccan quality newspapers will be analyzed along the dimensions of what will be known in this study as a Situational/Textual model. The resultant "textual profile" will, then, be taken as a "yardstick" against which will be measured 81 translations collected from Fand School of Advanced Translation (FST) and 5 from the department of modern languages, Salford University (SU). The first introductory chapter lays out the main arguments of the thesis. Chapters two and three present and discuss sentence-oriented translation models, and text-oriented translation models respectively. Chapter four presents and discusses the following: a) the three aspects of meaning: semantic, pragmatic, and textual, b) language function vs. text function, and finally C) House's (1981) model of translation quality assessment. Chapter five presents the method of operation, discusses the decision criteria needed to deal with the dimensions linguistic correlates, and finally illustrates the extended situational/textual model for translation quality assessment. Chapter six is the application of the model on the two Arabic argumentative texts. In addition, argumentative text structure will be discussed and the difference between Arabic and English argumentative texts will be explained. Finally, chapter seven includes the source language text (SLT), and the target language text (TLT) statement of comparison and statement of quality, and a discussion of the theoretical implication of the model for the training of translators in the Arab world.

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43

Voigt, Christiane Hélène. "Recherches sur la tradition arabe du Roman d'Alexandre". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC036.

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Cette thèse traite de la question de la traduction arabe du Roman d’Alexandre du Pseudo-Callisthène. Le passage du grec à l’arabe est décrit à travers l’examen philologique des différentes recensions grecques (α, β (L, λ), ε, γ) ainsi que de nombreuses sources arabes. Le Roman d’Alexandre présente un cas spécifique dans le domaine des Graeco-Arabica. A côté de la transmission écrite, que ce soit sous forme d’une traduction ou d’une réélaboration thématique, un rôle particulier doit être accordé à la transmission orale basée sur la Sourate de la Caverne du Coran. Non seulement une recension grecque du Roman d’Alexandre s’est manifestée dans les sources arabes, mais plusieurs (α, β, ε, γ), parmi lesquelles la recension β occupe une place importante dans l’Orient. Le but consiste à présenter un aperçu des chapitres du Roman qui ont fait l’objet d’une réception orientale afin de fournir une contribution à la survie de l’antiquité grecque dans l’Islam
This thesis deals with the issue of the Arabic translation of the Greek Alexander Romance by Pseudo-Callisthenes. By a philological study of the various Greek recensions (α, β (L, λ), ε, γ) as well as numerous Arabic sources it will be shown how the Alexander Romance, as a special example of the Graeco-Arabic translation movement, was rendered into Arabic. Apart from the written tradition, either in the form of a translation from the Greek or a paraphrase, the oral tradition based on Surah 18 of the Quran plays a central role. The influence of not just one but several recensions (α, β, ε, γ) of the Greek Alexander Romance can be traced in various Arabic sources. Especially the Byzantine β-recension must have played an important part in the East. The aim of the dissertation is to give a detailed overview of those chapters of the Alexander Romance which have been received in the Orient in order to illustrate how ancient Greek literature made its way into the Islamic world

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Maghrabi, Ahmed Sadakah. "Development and validation of the Arabic version of the Job Descriptive Index (JDI)". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332630/.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the Arabic version of the revised Job Descriptive Index. In addition, job satisfaction among managers at Saudi ARAMCO was measured and analyzed in relation to age, education, experience, national origin and management rank.

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Al-Shunnag, M. A. "Stance in political discourse : Arabic translations of American newspaper opinion articles on the 'Arab Spring'". Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/32823/.

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This thesis aims to introduce the theoretical concept of stance, as an aspect of interpersonal meaning, into the discipline of Translation Studies and to explore the reproduction of stance in translations of a heavily opinionated political genre commissioned by newspapers. It seeks to provide an account of how patterns of stance are conveyed in newspaper opinion articles on the ‘Arab Spring’ originally published in English in the Washington Post and the New York Times and then how these patterns are re-conveyed in full translations of these articles for two quality Arabic-language newspapers with divergent editorial policies: Al-Ghad and Al-Ittihad. A triangulation of methods is employed for providing a coherent analysis of stance at different levels: lexico-grammatical, textual, and contextual. Accordingly, the methodology chosen for the purposes of the study is a combination of corpus- and discourse-analytical methods that operate within the tradition of descriptive translation studies. The former is drawn from the lexicogrammatical framework of stance (Biber et al., 1999; Biber, 2006), while the latter is drawn from appraisal theory (Martin and White, 2005). Also, the combined methodology is complemented by some aspects of Fairclough’s model of critical discourse analysis (1992, 1995a) and Baker’s narrative theory (2006), which, to varying degrees, allow for the contextualisation of the findings and the explanation of translational behaviour. The main contribution of the thesis is that it introduces a new theoretical concept into the field – the concept of stance. This has not previously been approached within translation studies, although it has been high on the research agenda for the past two decades or so within the field of linguistics and its neighbouring disciplines. Also, the thesis has designed and tested a new combined theoretical approach to analyse this phenomenon within the tradition of descriptive translation studies. Moreover, this thesis contributes to the field as well by addressing a new form of shifts in translation, namely shift in stance. The examination of the conveyance and reconveyance of stance reveals that significant shifts in stance occurred in the Arabic translations produced by Al-Ghad and Al-Ittihad. These shifts result in the weakening, accentuation, and entire loss of original stance.

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46

Cormack, Raphael Christian. "Oedipus on the Nile : translations and adaptations of Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannos in Egypt, 1900-1970". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23624.

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Between 1900 and 1970 seven different versions of Sophocles’ play Oedipus Tyrannos were performed or published in Arabic in Egypt. This thesis looks at the first 71 years’ history of this iconic Greek tragedy in Arabic and the ways it can be used to think through the cultural debates of the period. The long history of contact between Greece and Egypt and the 19th and 20th century interpretations of this history can be used to look at different models of colonial and post-colonial cultural interaction. Classicism offered Egyptian writers a constructive way of looking at their cultural identity and contemporary world – a way which takes in to account the legacies of colonialism but also engages Greek literature to create their own models of nationhood. Following the history of performance and adaptation of the play throughout the 20th century, this thesis offers close readings of the most prominent adaptations of Oedipus, particularly those of Farah Antun (whose text was used for Actor-Director George Abyad’s first version of the play in 1912), Tawfiq al-Hakim (1949), Ali Ahmed Bakathir (1949) and Ali Salem (1970). Using performance and translation theory, I show how performance of translated plays like Oedipus was a crucial but complex part of the formation of an Egyptian dramatic tradition through the dynamic interaction of diverse views of what the theatre should be, using, for instance, the role of singing in turn of the century drama. This thesis also revisits and revises misconceptions about the relationship between Islam and theatre. In addition to examining Egyptian Oedipus’ 19th and 20th century context, I also stress the contribution of performance and adaptation to readings of the original text. In particular, these versions of Oedipus ask questions about monarchical rule and democracy that form one link between this classical play and 20th century Egypt. Through its interdisciplinary approach as well as the close readings it offers, this thesis aims to make valuable contributions to the fields of Arabic Theatre Studies and Classical Reception in Colonial and Post-Colonial contexts as well as Performance and Translation Theory.

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47

Sharkas, Hala. "Genre and translation quality : perspectives in quality assessment of English-Arabic translations of popular science genres". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419067.

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48

Al-Shaye, Shatha Abdullah Abdulrahman. "The retranslation phenomenon : a sociological approach to the English translations of Dickens' 'Great Expectations' into Arabic". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10053496/.

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The thesis aims to examine the phenomenon of retranslation as a socially situated activity. It provides an evidence-based approach to the practice of literary retranslation in Arabic-speaking countries, a cultural space that has not been examined thoroughly and systematically. This thesis goes beyond established research and compelements existing studies by highlighting the importance of ascertaining the details beyond theoretical issues related to retranslation using the support of textual, paratextual and contextual evidence from a comparative analysis of a number of translations. Through a text-based analysis of the translations and a reassessment of the recent literature on retranslation, the thesis scrutinizes how the motivation for retranslation can be explained by adopting multiple sociological perspectives. The main theoretical framework is premised on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory and the sociology of Paratranslation. These perceptions of translational activities combine together thus providing a solid theoretical framework for analysing and understanding the phenomenon of retranslation. Four translations of the novel Great Expectations (1861), written by Charles Dickens, acknowledged as the most accomplished, celebrated, and successful novelist of the prolific 19th-century English literature, have been selected as a case study of retranslation for Arabic-speaking audiences. The study provides textual and paratextual analysis of the retranslations in question and describes the influence of the socio-cultural conditions on translation in Arabic-speaking countries. The study tests the validity of the Retranslation Hypothesis to explain the phenomenon of retranslation and demonstrates that both linguistic factors and sociological influences play a key role in motivating the repetitive act of retranslation. This research proposes a new interpretation of the phenomenon in the light of multiple sociological theories. Such theories are revisited to provide a sociological understanding of the phenomenon, as a way of providing an alternative interpretation to existing views on retranslation.

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Balius, Planelles Andreu. "Arabic type from a multicultural perspective : multi-script Latin-Arabic type design". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355433/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Multiculturalism constitutes a mixture of expressions where languages are fundamental, not only as the vehicular form of thought, but also as a powerful tool for social cohesion and relationships within a community. Languages are often the first barrier encountered when communicating or relating to other culture. Whereas, typography can provide valid solutions, not only in terms of text layout but also regarding the specific aspects of multilingualism: the design of glyphs for multilingual text composition. Type design is at the core of how communication takes place in our multicultural society. As multilingual communication becomes more apparent, the need for multi-script fonts including more than a single script is unquestionable. This practice-based research focuses on the designing of a multi script Latin-Arabic typeface for literary reading text purposes based on an understanding of Arabic script in order for the result obtained to be respectful of the tradition of Arabic calligraphy. The approach to Arabic has been carried out taking into account the Spanish Arabic tradition from a study on the Arabic types which were designed and in use in Spain during the Printing Press years. The methodology proposed tries to complete every stage in the work process, from sketching to final font production, with the aim of harmonising both Latin and Arabic scripts in the same font file: Pradell Al-Andalus. Pradell Al-Andalus, although not designed to be a revival of any specific Arabic Spanish typeface, establishes a link with Spanish type History in order to build a bridge between tradition and our contemporary multilingual needs.

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Al-Jabri, S. K. "Generating Arabic words from semantic descriptions". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640291.

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This thesis addresses Arabic word generation from semantic descriptions. The purpose of this study is two-fold. Firstly, to analyse semantic specifications of Arabic derivation and, secondly, to build a computational model that performs Arabic lexical choices using a knowledge-base that is motivated by the semantics of derivation. Lexical choice in a highly derived language, such as Arabic, is non-trivial in MT and NLG systems where the semantic input cannot be biased directly towards the words that the language provides. On the linguistic side, the major contribution of this study is a new framework that organises semantic interactions in Arabic derivation in a two-layer semantics: an inner layer accounts for core meanings realised by Arabic consonantal roots and an outer layer accounts for semantic features associated with derivational moulds. The meaning of derived words can be established using controlled interactions between the two layers. The interactions, accordingly, state the link between semantic concepts on the one hand and their surface realisations on the other. Furthermore, derivational conditions imposed on the interactions account for many derivational gaps in Arabic. On the computational side, semantic generalisation motivated by the two layer semantics are organised into a taxonomic knowledge-base. Following the tradition in the KL-ONE family, the knowledge-base adopts a separation between definitional and assertional components. The former is used to represent semantic specifications of Arabic derived concepts while the latter is used to describe their linguistic properties such as roots and moulds. The knowledge-base, as a whole, is built around structured hierarchies that represent an integration of knowledge resources such as default and multiple inheritance, and subsumption. This integration allows not only for an expressive representation of Arabic derivation but also for the mapping of semantic inputs into Arabic derived lexical items by means of automatic classification.

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Tesi sul tema "Translations from the Arabic"

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