Bibliografie tematiche / Translation de signal à signal

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Translation de signal à signal"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 20 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Translation de signal à signal"

1

Finidori, J., L. Rizzolo, A. Gonzalez, G. Kreibich, M. Adesnik e D. D. Sabatini. "The influenza hemagglutinin insertion signal is not cleaved and does not halt translocation when presented to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as part of a translocating polypeptide." Journal of Cell Biology 104, n. 6 (1 giugno 1987): 1705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.104.6.1705.

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The co-translational insertion of polypeptides into endoplasmic reticulum membranes may be initiated by cleavable amino-terminal insertion signals, as well as by permanent insertion signals located at the amino-terminus or in the interior of a polypeptide. To determine whether the location of an insertion signal within a polypeptide affects its function, possibly by affecting its capacity to achieve a loop disposition during its insertion into the membrane, we have investigated the functional properties of relocated insertion signals within chimeric polypeptides. An artificial gene encoding a polypeptide (THA-HA), consisting of the luminal domain of the influenza hemagglutinin preceded by its amino-terminal signal sequence and linked at its carboxy-terminus to an intact prehemagglutinin polypeptide, was constructed and expressed in in vitro translation systems containing microsomal membranes. As expected, the amino-terminal signal initiated co-translational insertion of the hybrid polypeptide into the membranes. The second, identical, interiorized signal, however, was not recognized by the signal peptidase and was translocated across the membrane. The failure of the interiorized signal to be cleaved may be attributed to the fact that it enters the membrane as part of a translocating polypeptide and therefore cannot achieve the loop configuration that is thought to be adopted by signals that initiate insertion. The finding that the interiorized signal did not halt translocation of downstream sequences, even though it contains a hydrophobic region and must enter the membrane in the same configuration as natural stop-transfer signals, indicates that the HA insertion signal lacks essential elements of halt transfer signals that makes the latter effective membrane-anchoring domains. When the amino-terminal insertion signal of the THA-HA chimera was deleted, the interior signal was incapable of mediating insertion, probably because of steric hindrance by the folded preceding portions of the chimera. Several chimeras were constructed in which the interiorized signal was preceded by polypeptide segments of various lengths. A signal preceded by a segment of 111 amino acids was also incapable of initiating insertion, but insertion took place normally when the segment preceding the signal was only 11-amino acids long.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Rong, Chao, Dingfan Zhang, Yuwen Cao e Zhengbin Li. "Analyze the Difference Between Rotational and Translational Motions Produced by High-speed Train". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2651, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 012141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2651/1/012141.

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Abstract The development of fiber optic gyroscope technology makes it possible to directly measure the rotational ground-motion. The joint observation of the three-component rotational seismometer and the traditional three-component translational seismometer is a trend of future. In this paper, the translational and rotational signals generated during the high-speed trainway are studied, and the three-component translational and rotational seismometers are fixed together to realize the joint recording of the high-speed trainway signal. Comparing the translational and rotational three-component data, we find that only one component waveforms and the spectrum have certain consistency. However, the difference between them indicates that the rotation and translation signals generated by the shallow surface wave signal have different frequency bands.
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Pah, Nemuel D., e Dinesh Kant Kumar. "Thresholding Wavelet Networks for Signal Classification". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 01, n. 03 (settembre 2003): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691303000220.

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This paper reports a new signal classification tool, a modified wavelet network called Thresholding Wavelet Networks (TWN). The network is designed for the purposes of classifying signals. The philosophy of the technique is that often the difference between signals may not lie in the spectral or temporal region where the signal strength is high. Unlike other wavelet networks, this network does not concentrate necessarily on the high-energy region of the input signals. The network iteratively identifies the suitable wavelet coefficients (scale and translation) that best differentiate the different signals provided during training, irrespective of the ability of these coefficients to represent the signals. The network is not limited to the changes in temporal location of the signal identifiers. This paper also reports the testing of the network using simulated signals.
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Chen, Zhuo. "Signal Recognition for English Speech Translation Based on Improved Wavelet Denoising Method". Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (18 settembre 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6811192.

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Abstract (sommario):
The signal corresponding to English speech contains a lot of redundant information and environmental interference information, which will produce a lot of distortion in the process of English speech translation signal recognition. Based on this, a large number of studies focus on encoding and processing English speech, so as to achieve high-precision speech recognition. The traditional wavelet denoising algorithm plays an obvious role in the recognition of English speech translation signals, which mainly depends on the excellent local time-frequency domain characteristics of the wavelet signal algorithm, but the traditional wavelet signal algorithm is still difficult to select the recognition threshold, and the recognition accuracy is easy to be affected. Based on this, this paper will improve the traditional wavelet denoising algorithm, abandon the single-threshold judgment of the original traditional algorithm, innovatively adopt the combination of soft threshold and hard threshold, further solve the distortion problem of the denoising algorithm in the process of English speech translation signal recognition, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of English speech recognition, and further reduce the root mean square error of the signal. Good noise reduction effect is realized, and the accuracy of speech recognition is improved. In the experiment, the algorithm is compared with the traditional algorithm based on MATLAB simulation software. The simulation results are consistent with the actual theoretical results. At the same time, the algorithm proposed in this paper has obvious advantages in the recognition accuracy of English speech translation signals, which reflects the superiority and practical value of the algorithm.
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Yang, Ying, e Yusen Wei. "RANDOM INTERPOLATION AVERAGE FOR ECG SIGNAL DENOISING USING MULTIPLE WAVELET BASES". Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 25, n. 04 (agosto 2013): 1350042. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237213500427.

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Abstract (sommario):
The random interpolation average (RIA) is a simple yet good denoising method. It firstly employed several times of random interpolations to a noisy signal, then applied the wavelet transform (WT) denoising to each interpolated signal and averaged all of the denoised signals to finish the denoising process. In this paper, multiple wavelet bases and the level-dependent threshold estimator were used in the RIA scheme so that it can be more suitable for the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal denoising. The synthetic ECG signal, real ECG signal and four types of noise were used to perform comparison experiments. The results show that the proposed method can provide the best signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement in the deoising applications of the synthetic ECG signal and the real ECG signals. For the real ECG signals denoising, the average SNR improvement is 5.886 dB, while the result of the RIA scheme with single wavelet basis (RIAS), the fully translation-invariant [TI (fully)] and the WT denoising using hard thresholding [WT (hard)] are 5.577, 5.274 and 3.484 dB, respectively.
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Lipp, J., N. Flint, M. T. Haeuptle e B. Dobberstein. "Structural requirements for membrane assembly of proteins spanning the membrane several times." Journal of Cell Biology 109, n. 5 (1 novembre 1989): 2013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.109.5.2013.

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Abstract (sommario):
We have investigated the structural requirements for the biogenesis of proteins spanning the membrane several times. Proteins containing various combinations of topological signals (signal anchor and stop transfer sequences) were synthesized in a cell-free translation system and their membrane topology was determined. Proteins spanning the membrane twice were obtained when a signal anchor sequence was followed by either a stop transfer sequence or a second signal anchor sequence. Thus, a signal anchor sequence in the second position can function as a stop transfer sequence, spanning the membrane in the opposite orientation to that of the first signal anchor sequence. A signal anchor sequence in the third position was able to insert amino acid sequences located COOH terminal to it. We conclude that proteins spanning the membrane several times can be generated by stringing together signal anchor and stop transfer sequences. However, not all proteins with three topological signals were found to span the membrane three times. A certain segment located between the first and second topological signal could prevent stable membrane integration of a third signal anchor segment.
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Shome, Debaditya, Pritam Sarkar e Ali Etemad. "Region-Disentangled Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity PPG-to-ECG Translation". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, n. 13 (24 marzo 2024): 15009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i13.29422.

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The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) calls for accessible and cost-effective continuous cardiac monitoring tools. Despite Electrocardiography (ECG) being the gold standard, continuous monitoring remains a challenge, leading to the exploration of Photoplethysmography (PPG), a promising but more basic alternative available in consumer wearables. This notion has recently spurred interest in translating PPG to ECG signals. In this work, we introduce Region-Disentangled Diffusion Model (RDDM), a novel diffusion model designed to capture the complex temporal dynamics of ECG. Traditional Diffusion models like Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) face challenges in capturing such nuances due to the indiscriminate noise addition process across the entire signal. Our proposed RDDM overcomes such limitations by incorporating a novel forward process that selectively adds noise to specific regions of interest (ROI) such as QRS complex in ECG signals, and a reverse process that disentangles the denoising of ROI and non-ROI regions. Quantitative experiments demonstrate that RDDM can generate high-fidelity ECG from PPG in as few as 10 diffusion steps, making it highly effective and computationally efficient. Additionally, to rigorously validate the usefulness of the generated ECG signals, we introduce CardioBench, a comprehensive evaluation benchmark for a variety of cardiac-related tasks including heart rate and blood pressure estimation, stress classification, and the detection of atrial fibrillation and diabetes. Our thorough experiments show that RDDM achieves state-of-the-art performance on CardioBench. To the best of our knowledge, RDDM is the first diffusion model for cross-modal signal-to-signal translation in the bio-signal domain.
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Wild, Klemens, Matthias M. M. Becker, Georg Kempf e Irmgard Sinning. "Structure, dynamics and interactions of large SRP variants". Biological Chemistry 401, n. 1 (18 dicembre 2019): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2019-0282.

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Abstract Co-translational protein targeting to membranes relies on the signal recognition particle (SRP) system consisting of a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein complex and its membrane-associated receptor. SRP recognizes N-terminal cleavable signals or signal anchor sequences, retards translation, and delivers ribosome-nascent chain complexes (RNCs) to vacant translocation channels in the target membrane. While our mechanistic understanding is well advanced for the small bacterial systems it lags behind for the large bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic SRP variants including an Alu and an S domain. Here we describe recent advances on structural and functional insights in domain architecture, particle dynamics and interplay with RNCs and translocon and GTP-dependent regulation of co-translational protein targeting stimulated by SRP RNA.
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Warr, Paul A., e Alan M. Potter. "A Reduced-Complexity Mixer Linearization Scheme". Research Letters in Communications 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/541084.

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Measurement results of the signals emanating from both IF and LO ports of a double balanced mixer are presented, and, thus, it is shown that the linearization of the output in a down-converting mixer by the summation of the IF signal and the signal emanating from the LO or RF port is feasible. Feedforward-based architectures for the linearization of down-conversion mixers are introduced that exploit this phenomenon, and linearity performance results of the frequency translation of both two-tone and TETRA-modulated signals are presented. This technique employs only a single mixer and hence overcomes the complexity of other mixer linearization schemes. The overall processing gain of the system is limited by the level of wanted signal present in the error signal.
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Robinson, A., O. M. R. Westwood e B. M. Austen. "Interactions of signal peptides with signal-recognition particle". Biochemical Journal 266, n. 1 (15 febbraio 1990): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2660149.

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The mechanisms whereby isolated or synthetic signal peptides inhibit processing of newly synthesized prolactin in microsome-supplemented lysates from reticulocytes and wheat-germ were investigated. At a concentration of 5 microM, a consensus signal peptide reverses the elongation arrest imposed by the signal-recognition particle (SRP), and at higher concentrations in addition inhibits elongation of both secretory and non-secretory proteins. A photoreactive form of a synthetic signal peptide cross-links under u.v. illumination to the 54 kDa and 68 kDa subunits of SRP, whereas the major cross-linked protein produced after photoreaction of rough microsomes is of 45 kDa. As SRP-mediated elongation arrest is unlikely to be essential for translocation, it is suggested that signal peptides may interact with components other than SRP in the translation system in vitro.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Translation de signal à signal"

1

Ponnala, Lalit. "Analysis of Genetic Translation using Signal Processing". NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02072007-174200/.

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A series of free energy estimates can be calculated from the ribosome's progressive interaction with mRNA sequences during the process of translation elongation in eubacteria. A sinusoidal pattern of roughly constant phase has been detected in these free energy signals. Frameshifts of the +1 type occur when the ribosome skips an mRNA base in the 5'-3' direction, and can be associated with local phase-shifts in the free energy signal. We propose a mathematical model that captures the mechanism of frameshift based on the information content of the signal parameters and the relative abundance of tRNA in the bacterial cell. The model shows how translational speed can modulate translational accuracy to accomplish programmed +1 frameshifts and could have implications for the regulation of translational efficiency. Results are presented using experimentally verified frameshift genes across eubacteria.
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2

Girault, Benjamin. "Signal Processing on Graphs - Contributions to an Emerging Field". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1046/document.

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Ce manuscrit introduit dans une première partie le domaine du traitement du signal sur graphe en commençant par poser les bases d'algèbre linéaire et de théorie spectrale des graphes. Nous définissons ensuite le traitement du signal sur graphe et donnons des intuitions sur ses forces et faiblesses actuelles comparativement au traitement du signal classique. En seconde partie, nous introduisons nos contributions au domaine. Le chapitre 4 cible plus particulièrement l'étude de la structure d'un graphe par l'analyse des signaux temporels via une transformation graphe vers série temporelle. Ce faisant, nous exploitons une approche unifiée d'apprentissage semi-supervisé sur graphe dédiée à la classification pour obtenir une série temporelle lisse. Enfin, nous montrons que cette approche s'apparente à du lissage de signaux sur graphe. Le chapitre 5 de cette partie introduit un nouvel opérateur de translation sur graphe définit par analogie avec l'opérateur classique de translation en temps et vérifiant la propriété clé d'isométrie. Cet opérateur est comparé aux deux opérateurs de la littérature et son action est décrite empiriquement sur quelques graphes clés. Le chapitre 6 décrit l'utilisation de l'opérateur ci-dessus pour définir la notion de signal stationnaire sur graphe. Après avoir étudié la caractérisation spectrale de tels signaux, nous donnons plusieurs outils essentiels pour étudier et tester cette propriété sur des signaux réels. Le dernier chapitre s'attache à décrire la boite à outils \matlab développée et utilisée tout au long de cette thèse
This dissertation introduces in its first part the field of signal processing on graphs. We start by reminding the required elements from linear algebra and spectral graph theory. Then, we define signal processing on graphs and give intuitions on its strengths and weaknesses compared to classical signal processing. In the second part, we introduce our contributions to the field. Chapter 4 aims at the study of structural properties of graphs using classical signal processing through a transformation from graphs to time series. Doing so, we take advantage of a unified method of semi-supervised learning on graphs dedicated to classification to obtain a smooth time series. Finally, we show that we can recognize in our method a smoothing operator on graph signals. Chapter 5 introduces a new translation operator on graphs defined by analogy to the classical time shift operator and verifying the key property of isometry. Our operator is compared to the two operators of the literature and its action is empirically described on several graphs. Chapter 6 describes the use of the operator above to define stationary graph signals. After giving a spectral characterization of these graph signals, we give a method to study and test stationarity on real graph signals. The closing chapter shows the strength of the matlab toolbox developed and used during the course of this PhD
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3

Messaoud, Safa. "Translating Discrete Time SIMULINK to SIGNAL". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49299.

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As Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are getting more complex and safety critical, Model Based Design (MBD), which consists of building formal models of a system in order to be used in verification and correct-by-construction code generation, is becoming a promising methodology for the development of the embedded software of such systems. This design paradigm significantly reduces the development cost and time while guaranteeing better robustness, capability and correctness with respect to the original specifications, when compared with the traditional ad-hoc design methods. SIMULINK has been the most popular tool for embedded control design in research as well as in industry, for the last decades. As SIMULINK does not have formal semantics, the application of the model based design methodology and tools to its models is very limited. In this thesis, we present a semantic translator that transform discrete time SIMULINK models into SIGNAL programs. The choice of SIGNAL is motivated by its polychronous formalism that enhances synchronous programming with asynchronous concurrency, as well as, by the ability of its compiler of generating deterministic multi thread code. Our translation involves three major steps: clock inference, type inference and hierarchical top-down translation. We validate the semantic preservation of our prototype tool by testing it on different SIMULINK models.
Master of Science
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Mittermayr, Lukas Verfasser], e Dario Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Leister. "Identification of factors involved in the translation : dependant signal transduction process / Lukas Mittermayr. Betreuer: Dario Leister". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1070464910/34.

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De, Laurentiis Evelina Ines. "Kinetic analyses on two translational GTPases : LepA and EF-Tu". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3450.

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Protein synthesis is an essential process for all living organisms and is an effective major target for current antibiotics. Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) is a highly conserved and essential protein that functions during protein synthesis. EF-Ts interacts with EF-Tu to help maintain a functionally active state of EF-Tu required for cell growth. Although EF-Ts is essential for Escherichia coli, its sequence is poorly conserved. LepA is a highly conserved protein within bacteria and has a similar structure to EF-Tu. In spite of this, LepA has been shown to be non-essential under ideal conditions and the function of LepA still remains elusive. An analysis on the structurally unique aspects of LepA, EF-Tu and EF-Ts was performed here in an effort to gain an understanding on the functions of these proteins. This knowledge, in combination with their unique structural components will provide important tools in developing new and effective antibiotics.
xiii, 177 leaves : col. ill. ; 29 cm
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Jacquet, Gottfried. "Hybrid physics-based/data-based seismic ground motion generator of a site". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST035.

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L'estimation précise de la réponse sismique suite à un tremblement de terre permet de sauver des vies. Toutefois, la limitation des ressources informatiques et la variabilité méconnue et mal caractérisée de la géologie et du con- texte sismotectonique posent des défis significatifs pour les simulations à l'échelle d'une ville ou d'une région. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle approche combinant les méthodes d'apprentissage adverse (adversarial) et les simulations basées sur la physique pour surmonter ces limitations, en s'appuyant sur le cadre SeismoALICE, (F. GATTI et D. CLOUTEAU: "Towards blending Physics-Based numerical simulations and seismic databases using Generative Adversarial Network", CMAME 2020). En raison des fluctuations aléatoires des propriétés mécaniques du milieu géologique, les simulations numériques ne peuvent donner des résultats que pour les basses fréquences (BF) jusqu'à 5 voire 10 Hz. La fréquence de conception des structures et des équipements en génie civil atteint en revanche 40 Hz. Cette thèse vise à simuler des signaux sismiques plus riches en fréquences [0 - 30 Hz] à partir de la connaissance des signaux à basses fréquences et d'une base de données de signaux enregistrés. Dans ce but, nous développons un encodeur et un décodeur adaptés aux signaux sismiques utilisant une variante des techniques d'attention, nommée Conformer, pour capturer les corrélations de longue durée présentes dans les accélérogrammes. Le discriminateur, assurant que les signaux simulés ressemblent à des signaux enregistrés, a fait l'objet d'un développement poussé, permettant d'optimiser l'encodeur et le décodeur par le biais d'une technique de min-max au cœur des méthodes adverses d'apprentissage machine. Pour forcer a reconstruction des signaux, nous adaptons aux séries temporelles la Focal Frequency Loss (FFL) et la Hyper-Spherical Loss (HSL), qui sont plus performantes pour ce type de données. Ensuite, nous complétons les signaux BF jusqu'à 30 Hz en explorant différents cas de génération : mapping one-to-one et mapping one-to-many pour évaluer la plausibilité des reconstructions de la base de données. Cinq méthodes ont été élaborées : Signal-to-Signal Translation, SeismoALICE with shared latent space, SeismoALICE with factorized latent space, BicycleGAN for time series et Multi-Modal Signal Translation. Leur performance a été évaluée avec le Goodness-of-Fit de Kristeková. Nous avons prouvé en manipulant les variables cachées qu'il est possible de diviser l'information en deux groupes de variables de distributions Gaussiennes, l'un pour les basses fréquences et l'autre pour les hautes fréquences. Cette interprétabilité a permis de manipuler l'espace latent et de contrôler le mapping one-to-many. Les modèles, entraînés sur 128 000 signaux sismiques de la base de données des séismes de Stanford (STEAD), dé- montrent leur performance avec des qualités de prédiction allant de bonnes à excellentes. Finalement, leur efficacité a été démontrée par une application au séisme du Teil de 2019 (en Ardèche dans la région Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France). Ce travail ouvre la voie à une prédiction plus précise et plus efficace des signaux sismiques en intégrant de manière transparente les connaissances basées sur la physique et l'apprentissage machine
Accurately estimating the seismic response following an earthquake can save lives. However, limited computational resources and poorly characterized and unknown variability in geology and seismotectonic context pose significant challenges for simulations at the scale of a city or region. This thesis proposes a new approach com- bining adversarial learning methods and physics-based simulations to overcome these limitations, based on the SeismoALICE framework (F. GATTI and D. CLOUTEAU: "Towards blending Physics-Based numerical simulations and seismic databases using Generative Adversarial Network," CMAME 2020). Because of the random fluctuations in the mechanical properties of the geological medium, numerical simulations can only give results for low frequencies (LF) down to 5 or even 10 Hz. The design frequency for civil engineering structures and equipment, on the other hand, reaches 40 Hz. This thesis aims to simulate seismic signals with a higher frequency range [0 - 30 Hz] using knowledge of low-frequency signals and a database of recorded signals. To this end, we are developing an encoder and decoder adapted to seismic signals using a Conformer variant of attention techniques to capture the long-duration correlations present in accelerograms. The discriminator, which ensures that simulated signals resemble recorded signals, has been the subject of extensive development, enabling the encoder and decoder to be optimized using a min-max technique at the heart of adversarialmachine learning methods. To force signal recon- struction, we adapt Focal Frequency Loss (FFL) and Hyper-Spherical Loss (HSL), which are more efficient for this data type, to time series. We then complement the LF signals up to 30 Hz by ex- ploring different generation cases, one-to-one map- ping, and one-to-many mapping to assess the plausibility of the reconstructions in the database. Five methods were developed: Signal-to-Signal Translation, SeismoALICE with shared latent space, SeismoALICE with factorized latent space, BicycleGAN for time series, and Multi-Modal Signal Translation. Their performance was evaluated using Kristeková's Goodness-of-Fit. By manipulating the hidden variables, we proved that it is possible to divide the information into two groups of variables with Gaussian distributions, one for low frequencies and the other for high frequencies. This interpretability made it possible to manipulate the latent space and control the one-to-many mapping. The models, trained on 128,000 seismic signals from the Stanford Earthquake Database (STEAD), demonstrated their performance, with prediction qualities ranging from good to excellent. Finally, their effectiveness was demonstrated by application to the 2019 Le Teil earthquake (in the Ardèche region of Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France). This work paves the way for more accurate and efficient prediction of seismic signals by seamlessly integrating physics-based knowledge and machine learning
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Kerins, Michael John, Ajay Amar Vashisht, Benjamin Xi-Tong Liang, Spencer Jordan Duckworth, Brandon John Praslicka, James Akira Wohlschlegel e Aikseng Ooi. "Fumarate Mediates a Chronic Proliferative Signal in Fumarate Hydratase-Inactivated Cancer Cells by Increasing Transcription and Translation of Ferritin Genes". AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624216.

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Abstract (sommario):
Germ line mutations of the gene encoding the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) cause a hereditary cancer syndrome known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). HLRCC-associated tumors harbor biallelic FH inactivation that results in the accumulation of the TCA cycle metabolite fumarate. Although it is known that fumarate accumulation can alter cellular signaling, if and how fumarate confers a growth advantage remain unclear. Here we show that fumarate accumulation confers a chronic proliferative signal by disrupting cellular iron signaling. Specifically, fumarate covalently modifies cysteine residues on iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), rendering it unable to repress ferritin mRNA translation. Simultaneously, fumarate increases ferritin gene transcription by activating the NRF2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) transcription factor. In turn, increased ferritin protein levels promote the expression of the promitotic transcription factor FOXM1 (Forkhead box protein M1). Consistently, clinical HLRCC tissues showed increased expression levels of both FOXM1 and its proliferation-associated target genes. This finding demonstrates how FH inactivation can endow cells with a growth advantage.
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Hamirally, Sofia. "Mechanistic studies of the translational readthrough signal of Moloney murine leukemia virus". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619933.

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Colberg, Clara Ottilie Freifrau Loeffelholz von. "Etudes au microscope électronique du transport des protéines durant la traduction chez E. Coli, et de la terminaison de la traduction chez l'homme". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV038/document.

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La particule de reconnaissance du signal (signal recognition particle-SRP) et son récepteur (FtsY chez Escherichia coli) médiatise le processus simultané de traduction-ciblage de la protéine en dirigeant le complexe ribosome-nascent chain (RNCs) vers la membrane de destination. La reconnaissance par la SRP d'une charge RNC à transporter dépend de la présence de la partie N-terminale. L'assemblage de Ftsy au complexe RNC-PRS entraine plusieurs changements de configuration de SRP et de FtsY durant le cycle de direction. D'abord un stade « précoce » sans GTP est adopté. Celui-ci est stabilisé par le RNC. Ensuite une configuration « fermée » avec GTP est formée. Cette dernière peut s'activer pour hydrolyser GTP, elle entre alors dans sa configuration « active ». La succession de ces trois étapes conduit à la libération du complexe SRP-récepteur d'avec le ribosome et de sa protéine en cours de traduction, et leur mise à disposition au pore de la membrane. Dans ce projet, notre intérêt se limite à la traduction par le ribosome de la séquence signale EspP (RNCEspP). In vivo, EspP est une protéine dont le ciblage vers le récepteur membranaire se réalise après la traduction. Cependant il arrive que RNCEspP se lie au complexe SRP-FtsY, faisant échouer le ciblage. Nous avons étudié les bases structurales du rejet de RNCEspP par SRP et FtsY. Pour cela nous avons effectué la comparaison de la structure RNCEspP-SRP-FtsY obtenue par observation au cryo-microscope électronique avec d'autres complexes ribosome-SRP-récepteurs traduisant la charge FtsQ, qui est elle normalement ciblé par SRP. Nous avons cherché à observer la différence de structure entre les complexes SRP-FtsY dans les deux cas. Deux différences majeurs entre les complexes de ciblages contenants les séquences RNCFtsQ et RNCEspP ont été observés. Premièrement, dans le cas de la structure de RNCEspP le domaine M -Ffh est attaché à l'hélice 59 du ribosome, alors que celui-ci est détaché dans le cas de la structure de RNCFtsQ. Nous pensons que le domaine M empêche la libération de la séquence de signal, étape nécessaire à la réalisation du ciblage. Deuxièmement, dans le cas de la structure du complexe avec RNCEspP l'arrangement Ffh-FtsY avec le domaine NG était flexible. Ceci indiquerait que le complexe “précoce” formé sur RNCEspP est moins stable que celui formé sur RNCFtsQ. Une étude biochimique utilisant le transfert d'énergie via résonance fluorescente a corroboré ce résultat, montrant que FTS Y est lié avec une affinité moindre dans le cas du complexe précoce formé sur RNCEspP et que la reconfiguration au stade de complexe fermé est moins efficace. Une analyse biochimique plus poussée des variantes de la séquence de EspP montre que la partie N-Terminale de la séquence est la principale cause de rejet du cycle de ciblage via SRP.Dans un second projet, nous avons étudié la configuration “fermée” de SRP et ftsY en complexe avec une charge RNC stabilisée par un analogue non-hydrolysable de GTP (GMP-PCP). Pour franchir la barrière cinétique qui permet de passer du complexe précoce au complexe fermé, nous avons utilisé une version tronquée de FtsY, à laquelle la séquence terminale avait été amputée de tout le domaine acide (A-) ainsi que de la première hélice alpha du domaine NG. De plus, pour la formation du complexe, nous avons utilisé une construction contenant les 50 premiers acides aminés du leader peptidase (RNCLep50). En l'absence de nucléotides, notre reconstruction au cryo-EM a montré une configuration similaire à celle du stade précoce, dans laquelle Ftsy et Ffh- domaine NG, sont proche du tetraloop de la 4.5 S ARN. Une incubation avec GMP-PCP induit un détachement du domaine NG d'avec la queue du tetraloop. Il semblerait que les domaines NG soient flexibles dans l'état clos, et non attaché à la terminaison ouverte de l'ARN
The signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor (FtsY in Escherichia coli) mediate co-translational protein targeting by delivering ribosome nascent chain complexes (RNCs) to the target membrane. Recognition of an RNC cargo by SRP is dependent on an N-terminal signal sequence. Binding of FtsY to the RNC-SRP complex leads to several conformational changes of SRP and FtsY during the targeting cycle: first, an “early” GTP-independent state is adopted which is stabilized by the RNC, subsequently a “closed” GTP- dependent conformation is formed which can activate itself to hydrolyze GTP (the “activated” state). Faithful completion of all three steps leads to release of the cargo from SRP-FtsY and hand over of the RNC to the translocation pore.It has been shown for E. coli that cargos can be rejected from the SRP pathway during all targeting steps. In the first project, our interest concentrates on ribosomes translating the EspP signal sequence (RNCEspP). In vivo, EspP is a post-translationally targeted protein, but RNCEspP has been shown to be bound by SRP and FtsY leading to a non-productive “early”-like RNCEspP-SRP-FtsY complex. Using single particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM), we analysed the structural basis for the rejection of RNCEspP by SRP and FtsY. Comparison of our RNCEspP-SRP-FtsY cryo-EM structure to other available cryo-EM structures of co-translational targeting complexes containing the correct cargo RNCFtsQ unravelled differences in the SRP-FtsY structure between a correct cargo and an incorrect cargo. Two major differences between the targeting complexes containing the cargos RNCFtsQ and RNCEspP were observed: first, the Ffh M-domain was attached to ribosomal RNA helix 59 of RNCEspP, while it was detached from this site in the case of RNCFtsQ. It could be that such an ordered M-domain is hampering the release of the signal sequence which is required for successful completion of targeting. Second, the Ffh-FtsY NG-domain arrangement was flexible in the complex with RNCEspP in comparison to RNCFtsQ indicating that the "early"-like complex formed on RNCEspP is less stable. Biochemical data using fluorescence resonance energy transfer corroborated these results, showing that FtsY is bound with lower affinity in the RNCEspP “early” complex and that the rearrangement to the “closed” conformation is less efficient. Further biochemical analysis of EspP signal sequence variants showed that mainly the N-terminal extension of the EspP signal sequence is responsible for its rejection from the SRP pathway
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Ma, Chon Teng. "Biopotential readout front-end circuits using frequency-translation filtering techniques". Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182904.

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Libri sul tema "Translation de signal à signal"

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Wimmer, Natasha. Some kind of beautiful signal. [San Francisco, Calif.]: Center for the Art of Translation, 2010.

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Christie, Agatha. Rasskazhi,kak ty zhivesh ; Prikli︠u︡chenii︠a︡ rozhdestvenskogo pudinga ; Signal bedstvii︠a︡: Roman, rasskazy. Novosibirsk: Germes, 1995.

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Moyal, Ami. Phonetic Search Methods for Large Speech Databases. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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(Firm), Lotus, a cura di. Signal seminar guide: Lotus Signal. San Mateo, Calif. (1900 S. Norfolk St., San Mateo 94403): Lotus, 1985.

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Ecole d'été de physique théorique (Les Houches, Haute-Savoie, France) (45th 1985). Traitement du signal =: Signal processing. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1987.

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DeFelice, Cynthia C. Signal. New York: Scholastic, 2011.

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Böhme, Klaus-Richard. Signal. Stockholm: Bokförlaget DN, 2005.

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Dimoski, Slave Ǵorǵo. Signal. Skopje: Tri, 2002.

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DeFelice, Cynthia C. Signal. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009.

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Bruce, Eugene N. Biomedical signal processing and signal modeling. New York: Wiley, 2001.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Translation de signal à signal"

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Marks, Friedrich, Ursula Klingmüller e Karin Müller-Decker. "Signals Controlling mRNA Translation". In Cellular Signal Processing, 329–58. Second edition. | New York, NY: Garland Science, 2017.: Garland Science, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315165479-9.

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Pnueli, A., O. Shtrichman e M. Siegel. "Translation Validation: From SIGNAL to C". In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 231–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48092-7_11.

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Aliannejadi, Mohammad, Shahram Khadivi, Saeed Shiry Ghidary e Mohammad Hadi Bokaei. "Discriminative Spoken Language Understanding Using Statistical Machine Translation Alignment Models". In Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing, 194–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10849-0_20.

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Noormohammadi, Neda, Zahra Rahimi e Shahram Khadivi. "Improving Reordering Models with Phrase Number Feature for Statistical Machine Translation". In Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing, 227–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10849-0_23.

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Mahsuli, Mohammad Mahdi, e Shahram Khadivi. "Word-Level Confidence Estimation for Statistical Machine Translation Using IBM-1 Model". In Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing, 241–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10849-0_25.

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Fuchs, Eckart. "The Translation Initiation Signal in E.Coli and its Control". In Genetic Engineering, 15–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4707-5_2.

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Bo, Tang, e Sun Qiang. "Analysis on Suppression of Echo Signal of Target Body and Translation in Micro-Doppler Signal Processing". In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 205–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0187-6_23.

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Crespo, José. "Space Connectivity and Translation-Invariance". In Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing, 119–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0469-2_14.

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Madankar, Mangala, Manoj Chandak e Nekita Chavhan. "Information Retrieval System Based on Query Translation Approach for Cross-Languages". In Advances in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, and Control, 1261–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8221-9_118.

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Nguyen-Vo, Thang H., Duc Truong, Long H. B. Nguyen e Dien Dinh. "Exploring Subword Segmentation Methods in English-Vietnamese Neural Machine Translation". In Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 324–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6757-9_41.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Translation de signal à signal"

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Starck, J. L., e A. Bijaoui. "Multi-Resolution Deconvolution". In Signal Recovery and Synthesis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/srs.1992.tud4.

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The continuous wavelet transform of a function f(x) is [1]: where a (> 0) is a dilatation parameter and b is translation parameter. The transform is characterized by three main properties: i/ it is a linear transformation, ii/ it is unvariant under translations, iii/ it is unvariant under dilatations.
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Shokouhmand, Arash, e Negar Tavassolian. "Fetal Movement Cancellation in Abdominal Electrocardiogram Recordings Using Signal-to-Signal Translation". In 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871826.

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CONSTANTINIDES, AG, e TE CURTIS. "HIGH EFFICIENCY WAVE TRANSLATION FILTERS FOR SONAR BAND SELECTION". In Sonar Signal Processing 1989. Institute of Acoustics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/21674.

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Das, Aditya Kaustav, Manabhanjan Pradhan, Amiya Kumar Dash, Chittaranjan Pradhan e Himansu Das. "A Constructive Machine Translation System for English to Odia Translation". In 2018 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsp.2018.8524268.

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Bilevich, L., e L. Yaroslavsky. "Fast DCT-based algorithms for signal convolution and translation". In 2009 16th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2009.5201263.

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Peralta, Julio C., Thierry Gautier, Loic Besnard e Paul Le Guernic. "LTSs for translation validation of (multi-clocked) SIGNAL specifications". In 2010 8th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memcod.2010.5558632.

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Girault, Benjamin. "Stationary graph signals using an isometric graph translation". In 2015 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eusipco.2015.7362637.

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Armanious, Karim, Chenming Jiang, Sherif Abdulatif, Thomas Kustner, Sergios Gatidis e Bin Yang. "Unsupervised Medical Image Translation Using Cycle-MedGAN". In 2019 27th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eusipco.2019.8902799.

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Wu, Youzheng, Xinhu Hu e Chiori Hori. "Translating TED speeches by recurrent neural network based translation model". In ICASSP 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6854977.

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Birnie, Lachlan, Zamir Ben-Hur, Vladimir Tourbabin, Thushara Abhayapala e Prasanga Samarasinghe. "Bilateral-Ambisonic Reproduction by Soundfield Translation". In 2022 International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwaenc53105.2022.9914780.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Translation de signal à signal"

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Chamovitz, Daniel, e Albrecht Von Arnim. Translational regulation and light signal transduction in plants: the link between eIF3 and the COP9 signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696515.bard.

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The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an eight-subunit protein complex that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Genetic analysis of the signalosome in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana has shown that the signalosome is a repressor of light dependent seedling development as mutant Arabidopsis seedlings that lack this complex develop in complete darkness as if exposed to light. These mutant plants die following the seedling stage, even when exposed to light, indicating that the COP9 signalosome also has a central role in the regulation of normal photomorphogenic development. The biochemical mode of action of the signalosome and its position in eukaryotic cell signaling pathways is a matter of controversy and ongoing investigation, and recent results place the CSN at the juncture of kinase signaling pathways and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. We have shown that one of the many CSN functions may relate to the regulation of translation through the interaction of the CSN with its related complex, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF3). While we have established a physical connection between eIF3 subunits and CSN subunits, the physiological and developmental significance of this interaction is still unknown. In an effort to understand the biochemical activity of the signalosome, and its role in regulating translation, we originally proposed to dissect the contribution of "h" subunit of eIF3 (eIF3h) along the following specific aims: (i) Isolation and phenotypic characterization of an Arabidopsis loss-of-function allele for eIF3h from insertional mutagenesis libraries; (ii) Creation of designed gain and loss of function alleles for eIF3h on the basis of its nucleocytoplasmic distribution and its yeast-two-hybrid interactions with other eIF3 and signalosome partner proteins; (iii) Determining the contribution of eIF3h and its interaction with the signalosome by expressing specific mutants of eIF3h in the eIF3h- loss-of function background. During the course of the research, these goals were modified to include examining the genetic interaction between csn and eif3h mutations. More importantly, we extended our effort toward the genetic analysis of mutations in the eIF3e subunit, which also interacts with the CSN. Through the course of this research program we have made several critical scientific discoveries, all concerned with the apparent diametrically opposed roles of eIF3h and eIF3e. We showed that: 1) While eIF3e is essential for growth and development, eIF3h is not essential for growth or basal translation; 2) While eIF3e has a negative role in translational regulation, eIF3h is positively required for efficient translation of transcripts with complex 5' UTR sequences; 3) Over-accumulation of eIF3e and loss-of-function of eIF3h both lead to cop phenotypes in dark-grown seedlings. These results were published in one publication (Kim et al., Plant Cell 2004) and in a second manuscript currently in revision for Embo J. Are results have led to a paradigm shift in translation research – eIF3 is now viewed in all systems as a dynamic entity that contains regulatory subuits that affect translational efficiency. In the long-term agronomic outlook, the proposed research has implications that may be far reaching. Many important plant processes, including developmental and physiological responses to light, abiotic stress, photosynthate, and hormones operate in part by modulating protein translation [23, 24, 40, 75]. Translational regulation is slowly coming of age as a mechanism for regulating foreign gene expression in plants, beginning with translational enhancers [84, 85] and more recently, coordinating the expression of multiple transgenes using internal ribosome entry sites. Our contribution to understanding the molecular mode of action of a protein complex as fundamental as eIF3 is likely to lead to advances that will be applicable in the foreseeable future.
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Chamovitz, Daniel, e Xing-Wang Deng. Morphogenesis and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The p27 Subunit of the COP9-Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7580666.bard.

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Plants monitor environmental signals and modulate their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The mechanisms by which plants transduce light signals and integrate them with other environmental and developmental signals to regulate plant pattern development are beginning to be unraveled. A large body of knowledge has accumulated regarding the roles of specific photoreceptors in perceiving light signals, and about the downstream developmental responses responding to light (Batschauer, 1999; Chamovitz and Deng, 1996; Deng and Quail, 1999). Still, little is know about the molecular mechanisms connecting the photoreceptors to development, and how these developmental pathways are integrated with additional developmental regulatory pathways to modulate growth. The multi-subunit protein complex COP9 signalosome (previously referred to as the "COP9 complex") has a central role in mediating the light control of plant development, and in general developmental regulation. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in Chamovitz and Deng 1996, 1997). Various genetic studies have indicated that the COP9 signalosome acts at the nexus of upstream signals transduced from the individual photoreceptors, and specific downstream signaling pathways. Thus the COP9 signalosome was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis, and that light acts to abrogate this repression. However, the COP9 signalosome has roles beyond the regulation of photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die following early seedling development, and an essentially identical complex has also been detected in animal systems (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long term objective is to determine the role of the COP9 signalosome in controlling plant development. In this research project we showed that this complex contains at least eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 kD subunit is encoded by the FUS5 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The FUS5 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating FUSS and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). We have also shown that the COP9 signalosome may work together with the translational-regulator eIF3. Our study of the COP9 signalosome is one of the exciting examples of plant science leading the way to discoveries in basic animal science (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Wei and Deng, 1999).
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Barash, Itamar, e Robert Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms Governing Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696526.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the research is to achieve higher protein content in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational apparatus of the mammary gland genetically, nutritionally, or pharmacologically. The short-term objectives are to obtain a better understanding of 1) the role of amino acids (AA) as regulators of translation in bovine and mouse mammary epithelial cells and 2) the mechanism responsible for the synergistic enhancement of milk-protein mRNA polyadenylation by insulin and prolactin. Background of the topic: In many cell types and tissues, individual AA affect a signaling pathway which parallels the insulin pathway to modulate rates and levels of protein synthesis. Diverse nutritional and hormonal conditions are funneled to mTOR, a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that regulates a number of components in the initiation and elongation stages of translation. The mechanism by which AA signal mTOR is largely unknown. During the current grant period, we have studied the effect of essential AA on mechanisms involved in protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells cultured under lactogenic conditions. We also studied lactogenic hormone regulation of milk protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells. In the first BARD grant (2000-03), we discovered a novel mechanism for mRNA-specific hormone-regulated translation, namely, that the combination of insulin plus prolactin causes cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, which leads to their efficient translation. In the current BARD grant, we have pursued the signaling pathways of this novel hormone action. Major conclusions/solutions/achievements: The positive and negative signaling from AA to the mTOR pathway, combined with modulation of insulin sensitization, mediates the synthesis rates of total and specific milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The current in vitro study revealed cryptic negative effects of Lys, His, and Thr on cellular mechanisms regulating translation initiation and protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells that could not be detected by conventional in vivo analyses. We also showed that a signaling pathway involving Jak2 and Stat5, previously shown to lead from the prolactin receptor to transcription of milk protein genes, is also used for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, thereby stabilizing these mRNAs and activating them for translation. Implications: In vivo, plasma AA levels are affected by nutritional and hormonal effects as well as by conditions of exercise and stress. The amplitude in plasma AA levels resembles that applied in the current in vitro study. Thus, by changing plasma AA levels in the epithelial cell microenvironment or by sensitizing the mTOR pathway to their presence, it should be possible to modulate the rate of milk protein synthesis. Furthermore, knowledge that phosphorylation of Stat5 is required for enhanced milk protein synthesis in response to lactogenic opens the possibility for pharmacologic approaches to increase the phosphorylation of Stat5 and, thereby, milk protein production.
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Easton, Jr., R. Signal processing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5071979.

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Miller, Jr, e Willard. Signal Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febbraio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206662.

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Cromwell, R. Signal Processing Studies Program Optical Signal Amplification. Volume 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada188054.

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Roehrig, H., e M. Browne. Signal Processing Studies Program Optical Signal Amplification. Volume 1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada188055.

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Basu, Sankar. Multidimensional Signal Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, giugno 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada200954.

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Thomas, J. B., e K. Steiglitz. Digital Signal Processing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, dicembre 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203744.

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Armenta, Mikaela, Laura Epifanovskaya, Joshua Letchford, Kiran Lakkaraju, Jonathan Whetzel, Bethany Goldblum e Jake Tibbetts. SIGNAL Game Manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1643226.

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