Tesi sul tema "Transition marine à continentale"
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Brionne, Charles. "Signatures morphosédimentaires de la dynamique juxta-glaciaire à la transition de fronts glaciaires marins à terrestres : le cas de la Côte-Nord du Québec (estuaire et golfe du St Laurent)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH005.
Testo completoThis thesis combines a dual geomorphological and sedimentological approach with the use of LiDAR data, bathymetry, drone photogrammetry and radiocarbon dating. It has enabled us to reconstruct the glacial paleodynamics in a deglaciation context for the Laurentide ice sheet since the last glacial maximum, around 20,000 years ago, and more specifically during the transition from an ice margin anchored at sea to a continental ice margin: (1) mapping, synthesising and proposing a model for the megagrooves of the North Shore of the St Lawrence, a first study for these morphologies, and (2) reconstructing the geomorphological and morphosedimentary record of the Pentecôte sedimentary complex, which precisely represents this transition. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the importance of the structural heritage and physiography of the floor at the glacial margin in the reconstruction of the glacial retreat dynamics of the eastern LIS margin
Alves, Luizemara Soares. "Estudo da margem continental ibérica ocidental com base em dados gravimétricos e magnetométricos regionais". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6240.
Testo completoPotential field methods are known as a very useful tool to regional studies. On Western Iberia, gravimetric and magnetometric data could be helpful to understand some questions about the offshore tectonic framework. In this area, both continental break-up features and inherited continental basement structures have a strong contribution to compose the regional geophysical response on gravimetric and magnetometric maps. This work aims to correlate observed geophysical features of the Iberian margin with some geological models about the tectonic framework of Western Iberia, already published on literature. Filtered maps were used to recognize different geophysical signatures, which were computed from both calculated Bouguer gravity and total magnetic field, such as total horizontal gradient, tilt derivative, vertical derivative, and vertical integration. The continental crustal domain was defined from gravity data interpretation using an enhanced total horizontal gradient of Bouguer Anomaly maps. Magnetic data was used to identify three more regional offshore domains that could indicate three types of non-sialic crust. Two of them are proposed as transitional domains. The landward transitional crust has a very weak regional magnetic response, and the seaward one is a high amplitude anomaly domain, similar to oceanic magnetic response. The oceanic crustal boundary was not confirmed, but a third offshore domain, seaward from C34 isochron, could be considered as oceanic crust by its magnetic pattern. Some basement lineaments were indicated in the offshore continental crust. Gravimetric and magnetic features coincide in terms of their direction and position with Variscan suture zones mapped onshore. Therefore these contacts could correspond the offshore continuation of these Paleozoic features, such as the Ossa-Morena Zone and Centro-Ibérica Zone suture zone. In this interpretation, offshore continental crust could be formed by units from Southwest Iberia. It allows considering the Porto-Tomar fault as a part of a swath of strike-slip deformation, where mesozoic basins are located.
Bouton, Anthony. "Facteurs de contrôle extrinsèques des dépôts microbiens récents en domaine de transition continental-marin". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS012/document.
Testo completoLithified microbial deposits, considered as microbialites, are organosedimentary structures observed since 3.5 billion years. Understanding the mechanisms and environmental conditions leading to their formation may provide valuable information about the origin of life on Earth. Our interest on this research topic has increased owing to the economic implications of these deposits, especially concerning the hydrocarbons. The reconstruction of the environments associated with microbial structures remains uncertain in the fossil record, especially between marine and continental domains. These two contrasting environments were studied through two modern examples: (1) a marine-fed lagoon area in Cayo Coco (Cuba), and the continental lake of the Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA) in order to identify diagnostic criteria allowing to distinguish both environments in the fossil record.Microbialite result from mineralization and lithification of microbial mats under the influence of metabolic chemical reactions (intrinsic) related to the activity of the microbial biomass and environmental (extrinsic) conditions. The objective of this PhD is to replace microbial deposits, at different scales, in their context of formation to highlight the significance of extrinsic parameters on: (1) the mineralization processes and the formation of microbialites, (2) the morphologies of observed microbial structures, (3) their spatial distribution, and (4) the relationship between microbial mats and microbialite and their environment
TODDE, SAMUELE. "Geomorfologia del Margine Continentale della Sardegna meridionale". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266413.
Testo completoFabre, Sébastien. "Altération continentale et sédimentation marine au Précambrien : marqueurs de l'évolution chimique des enveloppes fluides terrestres". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542803.
Testo completoAcremont, Elia d'. "De la déchirure continentale à l'accrétion océanique : ouverture du Golfe d'Aden". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066383.
Testo completoRégnier, Damien. "Modélisation physique et numérique de la dynamique d’un pergélisol au cours d’un cycle climatique : implications pour le site de Meuse - Haute-Marne". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S054.
Testo completoThis manuscript deals about works realized on the permafrost modelling in porous media and its impact on the hydrogeological circulations. These are parts of the Andra’s studies on the nuclear waste storage and, on the environmental studies of the Meuse/Haute-Marne (MHM) site. During a climatic cycle, cold periods can generate permafrost (ground with temperature lower than 0°C for 2 consecutive years). This periglacial structure propagates towards deep geological layers, and, due to its very low permeability, can stop the flow of water bodies like aquifers. This work presents the elaboration of two numerical models (with Cast3M code (CEA)): (i) a model with thermal conduction, used for the study of a cold wave propagation in porous media with phase transition (water-ice); (ii) a more complex model, managing the thermo-hydraulic coupling of ground phenomenon (conduction, convection and transition of phase). After validation, these two models offer three axes of development: (i) benchmark proposition by the study of two generic test-cases; (ii) study of the local air temperature signal on MHM site : importance of high frequency temperature variations (centennial scale) for permafrost depth and stability ; (iii) study of the dynamics of a thermal discontinuity in a typical hydrological system river-plain: closure time of the system by the permafrost according to various parameters (temperatures, geothermal flow, hydrological flow directions). These points are directly linked with the problems of the MHM site
Imbert, Hélène. "Stratégie conditionnelle contrôlant la dispersion continentale de l'anguille européenne". Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13598.
Testo completoNowicki, Sophie Marie Jeanne. "Modelling the transition zone of marine ice sheets". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499076.
Testo completoGueydan, Frédéric. "La transition fragile-ductile de la croûte continentale en extension : du terrain à la modélisation". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066514.
Testo completoGugliotta, Marcello. "The fluvial to marine transition zone and its stratigraphic significance". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-fluvial-to-marine-transition-zone-and-its-stratigraphic-significance(c9a2baf3-7ba0-46fb-a589-77d4f0f48578).html.
Testo completoNunez, del Prado Hernando. "Systèmes de dépôts et évolution sédimentaire des séries de transition marin-continental dans le synclinorium de Guarga (bassin sud-pyrénéen) : (Province de Huesca N-Espagne)". Pau, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PAUU300X.
Testo completoRidame, Céline. "Role des apports atmospheriques d'origine continentale dans la biogeochimie marine : impact des apports sahariens sur la production primaire en mediterranee". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066213.
Testo completoManla, al Dakhil Badreddin. "Etude morphostructurale et évaluation des risques naturels le long du littoral et de la marge continentale de Syrie". Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0927.
Testo completoThe Syrian margin located in a particular geodynamic context is subject to tectonic regimes since the late Tertiary, resulted in modelling the littoral and coastal fringe from Banyas to beyond Lattaquié. This so-called passive margin is subject to a complex tectonic regime related to the proximity of major tectonic structures. It is an extension terrestrial of arc submarine Cyprus and the Levant continental faults and East-Anatolian active borders. This situation supports the risk of disturbances of the geological substratum and its recent sedimentary cover including a more or less marked seismicity the original disturbance geomorphic shore and instabilities in the marine part of the Syrian coast. The geomorphological and neotectonic studies undertaken along the Syrian margin and part of the continental shelf aims to evaluate the natural hazards that can affect the coastal strip, including the seismic risk, recent and present deformations and the possible impacts of tsunami. The observations (morphology, microtectonic, hydrology, slopes, landslides etc…) on the recent formations (Quaternary and Present) showed the essential role of the Mesozoïc series and of the Tertiary and Quaternary sets on the morphostructural evolution of this area. On the basis of field observations, study data from SPOT imagery, topographic, bathymetric data and seismic records, several documents have been produced allowing to assess natural hazards and areas likely to be affected. The strictly neotectonic observations showed that the recent deformations are relatively rare and if they exist, they are limited to the great fault zones. On the other hand, the area is subjected to significant uplift generating pronounced geomorphological forms. The analysis of historical seismicity shows a great disparity between the area of Banyas which has virtually no activity and that of Lattaquié which is a relatively unstable zone in direct contact with the major fault zones which represent active plate boundaries. The narrow coastal area of the Banyas region, where is concentrated economic activity, is potentially subject to significant risk, in a context where many submarine earthquakes, can generate tsunamis with significant consequences. This risk also exists around Lattaquié which is under the direct threat of a catastrophic earthquake associated with the passage of a major tectonic zone and may be reactivated
Brochu, Michel. "Recherches en aménagement du territoire, en glaciologie fluviale, marine et continentale, sur le quaternaire (glaciaire et périglaciaire), en géomorphologie et en techtonique". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375945352.
Testo completoDeCroix, David Scot. "Large-eddy Simulations of the Convective and Evening Transition Planetary Boundary Layers". NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010319-182404.
Testo completoLarge-eddy simulation (LES) is a very useful tool in computationalfluid dynamics. The LES model allows one to solve a filtered set of theNavier-Stokes equations, thereby explicitly resolving scales of motionlarger than the discretization or grid size. Those motions smaller thanthe grid size are parameterized using a so-called subgrid scale model.
In this series of papers, we will use the TASS LES model, originallya cloud model, which has been modified to simulate planetary boundarylayer turbulence. We will first introduce the LES model and a newgrid-nesting method for the LES. Then we will present simulations ofthe convective planetary boundary layer, and then use the LES to studythe decay of convective planetary boundary layer turbulence to a stablystratified state.
The LES model has been modified to include a grid nesting capability.Grid meshes of higher resolution may be embedded within the LES enablingone to resolve smaller scales of motion (turbulence) than would bepossible by using a single grid mesh. The grid nesting methodology isdescribed in detail in Chapter 2.
In Chapter 3, the nested-grid LES will be applied to thesimulation of the convective planetary boundary layer. We will usea total of three grid meshes to increase the resolution in the surfacelayer, allowing a detailed analysis of the turbulence near the surface ofthe earth.
In Chapter 4, we will focus on applying Rayleigh Benardconvection criteria, using a linearized perturbation method,to the surface layer of a CBL produced by large-eddy simulation.Similarities and differences will be discussed between the LESproduced surface layer and classical Rayleigh-Benard convection theory.
In Chapter 5, using a large-eddy simulation model, we willexamine in detail the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget during theevening transition. The simulation will be performed in order to compareto observations gathered at the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport,Fort-Worth, TX. during September and October 1997.
In Chapter 6 the decay of planetary boundary layerturbulence during the evening transition will be studied. In previousstudies of the decay of turbulence, the effects of mean winds and shearsdue to pressure gradient on the turbulence decay was not considered.We propose to examine the effects of increasing geostrophic wind onthe convective boundary layer and its transition or decay to a stablecondition. Finally, the overall conclusions of each chapter will bepresented.
Hightower, Gerald R. "Aviation proof of concept the transition of Marine Corps aviation maintenance computer assets and systems into the Navy Marine Corps Intranet /". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FHightower.pdf.
Testo completoThesis Advisor(s): Cook, Glenn. Second Reader: Oros, Carl. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: DT, OT, APOC, NTCSS, NMCI. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70). Also available in print.
Webster, John Ackroyd III. "Design and Analysis of Low Reynolds Number Marine Propellers with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Transition Modeling". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93038.
Testo completoDoctor of Philosophy
Small-scale marine propellers exhibit transition from laminar to turbulent flow in the region near the surface of the blades. Regions of laminar and turbulent flow on the blade surface contribute differently to the overall thrust and torque on the propeller. Prediction of flow transition in the design process for small-scale marine propellers can improve the accuracy of the thrust and torque prediction compared to modeling the flow as purely laminar or turbulent. Propeller thrust and torque can be modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, where transition modeling is accomplished by solving a transport equation for the intermittency γ, which represents the percentage of time the flow in a given location is turbulent. In this work, a transition model is coupled to a high-fidelity full Reynolds stress turbulence model, which solves 6 transport equations to solve for each component of the Reynolds stress tensor. The Reynolds stress tensor represents the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the governing equations solved in the CFD simulation. This coupled transition and turbulence model is then validated using experimental results of flows with a number of different transition mechanisms. The coupled model is then tested with a series of model-scale propellers, with results of the CFD simulations compared to the experimental results. A method for the design of propellers with flow transition is presented which incorporates transition effects. The designs generated by this method are then optimized in a CFD framework which morphs the blade geometry to improve the ratio of the thrust produced by the propeller to the torque, which corresponds to a higher efficiency. Two design cases are presented: a propeller designed for open water operation, and a propeller design for a small autonomous underwater vehicle.
Charpentier, Sophie. "La zone de transition continent-ocean de la marge continentale passive ouest-iberique : etudes petrologique et geochimique des roches magmatiques et mantelliques". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF22230.
Testo completoMAGALHÃES, José Ricardo Gonçalves. "Compartimentação tectono-sedimentar da Bacia da Paraíba, a partir da integração de métodos potenciais e interpretação sísmica de dados OFFSHORE". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17212.
Testo completoMade available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T17:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_JoséRicardo.pdf: 6453119 bytes, checksum: 0ee0cb3c7c1782b42a982a22935271cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31
PRH-26/ ANP
Vários trabalhos têm tentado abordar a evolução das margens conjugadas do Atlântico, incluindo o nordeste do Brasil e o oeste da África. Entretanto, o avanço de pesquisas anteriores tem sido dificultado em razão da falta de dados na região marginal da porção oriental do nordeste do Brasil, principalmente na área inserida entre a Zona de Cisalhamento de Pernambuco e o Alto de Touros. Este fato tem imposto limitações ao desenvolvimento de modelos regionais sobre a evolução geotectônica e paleogeográfica desta região, assim como na correlação com sua contraparte na África. Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma investigação realizada com base em dados gravimétricos, magnéticos e sísmicos regionais. Os resultados mostraram que esta região representa um alto do embasamento com a orientação regional das principais estruturas tectônicas (ENE-WSW), ortogonais as estruturas desenvolvidas durante o processo de abertura das bacias da Paraíba e da Plataforma de Natal (NNE-SSW e NNW-SSE). Sobre o embasamento continental formou-se uma plataforma estreita com uma cobertura sedimentar pouco espessa (0,8-2,5 km) e uma quebra abrupta da plataforma, criando uma vasta zona de bypass através do talude. A análise de uma seção sísmica profunda revelou que a crosta continental afinada (crosta transicional) representa uma estreita zona e que o limite crosta continental-oceânica (COB) está localizado a aproximadamente 100 km a leste da atual linha de costa, na Bacia da Paraíba, e a 70 km, na Bacia da Plataforma de Natal. A modelagem geofísica, integrada com a interpretação sísmica, indica que esta região é caracterizada por um afinamento abrupto da crosta continental, com a consequente ascensão súbita da Moho. Também há evidências da existência de uma zona de crosta continental extremamente afinada, a qual foi interpretada como crosta proto-oceânica. Estes novos dados demonstram que esta área apresenta fortes similaridades com margens rifteadas não vulcânicas ou pobres em magma.
Several studies have tried to address the evolution of the Atlantic conjugate margins, including Northeast Brazil and West Africa. However, past research advances has been hindered by a lack of data for the marginal region in the eastern portion of northeastern Brazil, extending from the Pernambuco Shear Zone to the Touros High. This situation has imposed serious limitations on the development of a regional view of the geotectonic and paleogeographic evolution of this area and on correlations with regional counterparts in Africa. Here, we present an investigation using regional gravimetric, magnetic and seismic data. The results show that this region represents a basement high with regional orientation of tectonic structures (ENE-WSW) orthogonal at structures developed during the open processes of the Paraíba and Natal Platform Basins (NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE). The continental basement forming a narrow platform with a thin sedimentary cover (0.8-2.5 km) and an abrupt shelf break, which created a large bypass zone towards the slope. The analysis of a deep seismic section revealed that thinned continental crust (transitional crust) occupies a narrow zone and that the continental-oceanic boundary (COB) is located approximately 100 km to the east of the present coastline, at Paraíba Basin, and 70 km, at Natal Platform Basin. Geophysical modeling integrated with interpretation of the seismic data suggests that this region is characterized by an abrupt thinning of continental crust, with an accompanying sudden rise of the Moho. There are also indications for the existence of a zone of extremely thinned continental crust, which was interpreted as protooceanic crust. Our findings suggest that the study area shows strong similarities to nonvolcanic or magma-poor rifted margins.
Kindler, Dean Douglas. "Contrasts between Tidal Freshwater and Estuarine Phytoplankton Growth on Intracellular and Recycled Nutrient Pools Over a Summer-Winter Seasonal Transition". W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617632.
Testo completoDeyzel, (Shaun) Herklaas Phillipus. "Mesozooplankton dynamics in a biogeographical transition zone estuary". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007901.
Testo completoSchieb, Thierry. "Facies géotechniques et état de consolidation des sédiments de la pente continentale niçoise (baie des anges)". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL031N.
Testo completoDunkel, Caroline Aubrey. "Controlling variables in the transition from a non-organic-rich marine shale to an organic-rich marine shale, Devonian Ohio Shale, north-central Ohio". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1589752994470939.
Testo completoBoisset, Catherine. "Sismique monotrace informatisée, prospection marine par petit fond". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066356.
Testo completoLee, Mui-fa Alison, e 李梅花. "Sedimentary facies of fluvial-marine transition environments in Hong Kong: Ting Kok and Pak Nai Deltas". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221270.
Testo completoLee, Mui-fa Alison. "Sedimentary facies of fluvial-marine transition environments in Hong Kong : Ting Kok and Pak Nai Deltas /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21021211.
Testo completoSteenkamp, Lee-Ann. "From Kyoto to Paris - a review of South Africa's climate change response with particular emphasis on the Clean Development Mechanism and envisaged transition to the Sustainable Development Mechanism". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28118.
Testo completoHamai, Lamine. "Étude thermomécanique de la zone de transition mer-continent de la marge algérienne : implication géodynamique". Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4021/document.
Testo completoUnderstanding how subduction initiates at a passive margin is a major geodynamic question, which remains debatted because of the forces necessary to overcome bending and frictional resistance of the lithosphere and initiate this subduction. Along the southern shore of the Western Mediterranean Sea, the Algerian margin undergoes ~NS compression due to the African-Eurasian convergence at a rate of less than ~ 1 cm / year. This setting causes tectonic inversion of this North African passive margin and possibly incipient subduction. Indeed, recent geophysical marine data acquired in the Algerian Basin (MARADJA, 2003, 2005MARge Active d’el Djazaïr) and SPIRAL 2009 (Deep Seismic and Regional Investigations in Algeria campaigns) showed evidence of recent compressive deformation. We used SPIRAL wide-angle seismic profiles to determine the state of isostatic equilibrium at the vicinity of the continent-ocean boundary. This allowed us to image a too deep Moho in the oceanic part, and a too shallow one in the continental domain, with a boundary between both domains located at the margin toe. These results indicate that the Algerian margin display the same isostatic anomalies as an active margin. This isostatic disiquilibrium may be simulated by the flexural bending of two lithospheric plates that can be modelled by a finite element procedure. This modeling shows larger vertical deflection in the central part of the study area (6-7 km) compared to the earsternmost and westernmost profiles (3 km)
François, Roger. "Some aspects of the geochemistry of sulphur and iodine in marine humic substances and transition metal enrichment in anoxic sediments". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27301.
Testo completoScience, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
Regard, Vincent. "Variations temporelle et spatiale de la transition subduction-collision : tectonique de la transition Zagros-Makran (Iran) et modélisation analogique". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003777.
Testo completoQuéméneur, Philippe. "Caractérisation géotechnique en zone d"offshore" profond et analyse régionale de la stabilité des pentes : application à quelques secteurs de la pente continentale du golfe de Guinée". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL073N.
Testo completoJones, Joseph W. "Advisor 2.0 advancing the Military Transition Team model /". Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490884.
Testo completoNicholl, Joseph Anthony Leo. "Changes in ice sheet dynamics across the mid-Pleistocene transition recorded in North Atlantic sediments". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648858.
Testo completoRogers, Steven Leslie. "Pennsylvanian carbonate mud mounds from the sub-aerial to sub-marine transition along a tilted foreland basin, Cantabrian Mountains, Spain". Thesis, Keele University, 2015. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2325/.
Testo completoBARTHOLOMEW, ALEXANDER. "CORRELATION OF HIGH ORDER CYCLES IN THE MARINE-PARALIC TRANSITION OF THE UPPER MIDDLE DEVONIAN (GIVETIAN) MOSCOW FORMATION, EASTERN NEW YORK STATE". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022593337.
Testo completoBercovici, Antoine. "Reconstitutions paléoenvironnementales du domaine ouest téthysien à la transition permien-trias : impacts relatifs du climat, de la ré-organisation de la biosphère continentale et des topographies sur la préservation des systèmes sédimentaires continentaux". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S194.
Testo completoThe final buildup of Pangea at the end of the Palaeozoic led to the formation of massive landmass unrivaled in later times. On a climatic perspective, the end of the Carboniferous ice age opened into a period of progressive warming, creating vast arid regions on land. The lower Triassic is the culmination of this trend, and represents a period where land vegetation is scarce or non-existent. Two causes can be inferred: the extreme aridification of climate or the slow recovery of terrestrial floras after the permo-triassic crisis (disappearance of 85% of species). During the lower Permian, continental sedimentation was limited in a series of isolated endoreic basins, in between differences in preservation and floral assemblages can be observed. In all sedimentary basins of the north-western tethyan domain, with the exception of the germanic basin, the Permian/Triassic transition is characterized by a lack of sedimentary deposition of variable time. All these observations imply the existence of a still active Variscan range, modifying the palaeoclimatic conditions and controlling sedimentation in the end-Permian sedimentary basins of western Europe. However, the general evolution of Permian floras is still linked at the first order to the global warming event, leading to profound modifications on terrestrial biotas long before the permian/Triassic biotic crisis
Quiroz, Waldo Emerzon. "Développement de méthodologies analytiques pour la spéciation chimique de l'antimoine par chromatographie liquide haute performance - génération d'hydrures - irradiation UV - fluorescence atomique. : Application aux écosystèmes marins". Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3009.
Testo completoAntimony is a toxic trace element. His industrial applications have contributed to the spread in the natural environment of his inorganic species. The environmetal protection agency of the United States USEPA considers to antimony as a priority pollutant. Actually is recognized that Sb(III) is 10 times more toxic than Sb(V). In this thesis, we have developed a methodology for the speciation analysis of antimony by using high performance liquid chromatography in anionic exchange mode and its detection on-line with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. All the species were retained during the chromatographic process, the separation of the three speceies was reached in less than 5 minutes. The separation and the detection were optimized by usind experimental design. The detection limits obtained for Sb(V), Sb(III) and (CH3)3SbCl2 in the optimized experimental conditions were 0. 13, 0. 07 y 0. 13 μg L-1, respectively. This methodology was applied to stability studies of Sb(V), Sb(III) and (CH3)3SbCl2 in marine water samples. On the other hand, in this thesis we have developed a methodology for the specation analysis of antimony in marine sediments, algae and mollusks. In this study we have approached the stability of the species during the extraction procedures and the robustness of the chromatographic separation. In different extraction solutions. The methodologies developed were applied to chilean marine samples
Goel, Varun, e Sonja Wadelius. "Evaluation of transition towards zero emission commuter ferries : Comparative Analysis of Fuel-based and Battery-based Marine Propulsion System from financial and environmental perspectives". Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302781.
Testo completoSyftet med denna studie är att jämföra livscykelkostnaden och miljöpåverkan av de befintliga framdrivningssystemen på pendelbåtarna inom Stockholms kollektivtrafik, med batteridrivna system på motsvarande båtar. De befintliga framdrivningssystemen drivs av olika typer av diesel. Studien är uppdelad i flera steg. Först samlas driftsegenskaperna in, såsom bränsleförbrukning, framdrivningseffekt, hastighet, färdtidochframdrivningssystemetsuppbyggnad, etc, på linje 80, som är en del av Stockholms vattenburna kollektivtrafik. För det andra undersöks det befintliga framdrivningssystemet som drivs av diesel eller alternativa bränslen som RME eller HVO och fullt batteridrivna system utifrån energibehovet. För det tredje tillämpas metoderna för kostnadsanalys och livscykelanalys (LCA) för att undersöka hur elektrifieringen av pendelbåtar påverkar ekonomin och miljön. Med hjälp av programmet GaBi 2020, GREET 2020 och andra litteraturstudier utvärderas miljöpåverkan av faserna tillverkning, användning och avfallshantering. Det är totalt 8 scenarier som övervägs, 4 för bränslebaserade och 4 för batteri baserade framdrivningssystem. Hur bra dessa 8 scenarier presterar miljömässigt diskuteras i termer av växthuseffekt (GWP), försurning (AP), övergödning (EP) och marknära ozon (POCP). Den fasen med mest utsläpp, för alla scenarier, är användningsfasen. Framdrivningssystemet som drivs av diesel (scenario 1) används som referens att jämföra de övriga 7 scenarierna mot. Det system som presterar bästa är det som drivs av batterier, med antagandet att elmixen är baserad på vatten-, vind-och kärnkraft, detta motsvarar scenario 7 och 8 med en reduktion av GWP på mer än 98%, AP med 90%, EP med 96% och POCP med 96%. Om vi tittar på den aktuella svenska elmixen (scenario 5 och 6) så är minskningen av GWP, AP, EP och POCP 90%, 80%, 82% respektive 91%. Alternativa bränslen ger också lovande resultat för GWP jämfört med diesel (där råvarans ursprung skapar mest negativa effekter) men bidraget till andra påverkanskategorier är betydligt högre. Med input från företag och miljöutvärderingen kan kostnadsanalysen jämföra kostnaderna för bränslebaserade och batteri baserade framdrivningssystem med olika energikällor. Det batteri baserade systemet modelleras även på 3 utvecklade scenarier för 2 olika typer av batterier. Fartygen i de utvecklade scenarierna laddas oftare än det befintliga batteridrivna fartyget och antalet laddstationer varierar mellan scenarierna. De kostnader som inkluderas i analysen är de initiala kapitalkostnaderna, kostnaden för bränsle/el, underhållskostnader, avfallshanteringskostnader ochutsläppskostnader. Medallakostnaderinkluderadeiberäkningarna är batteri baserade system mer kostnadseffektiva än bränslebaserade system om de körs på svensk elmix, tack vare de lägre kostnaderna för el och utsläpp. Minskningen av den totala kostnaden är mer än 68% när man jämför traditionell diesel med batterisystem, men elens ursprung är mycket viktig.
Amine, Helmieh. "Évaluation de l'exposition liée à la présence de contaminants organiques dans les zones de transition en Méditerranée". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13521.
Testo completoMany organic pollutants issued from different sources are present into freshwater and coastal waters. Since these lipophilic contaminants are present at trace levels in water, accumulator compartments such as sediments can be used to assess their concentration in aquatic systems. The objective of the thesis was to assess the exposure in coastal areas to the various families of organic contaminants namely "emerging pollutants" including UV filters, alkylphenols, alkylphenol polyethoxylates, and "persistent pollutants" including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and water. A major research effort has been given to the investigation spatial and temporal dynamics of the selected pollutants in sediment, allowing the acquisition of a first set of national data (Lebanese).Three rivers and their coastal environment in the eastern Mediterranean have been taken as a case study in addition to the small coastal city that was selected to complete the study in the coastal environment. A first overview of the levels of these hydrophobic contaminants in coastal areas receiving typical eastern Mediterranean inputs is thus provided. The results of chemical analyzes have clearly shown the impact of discharges of untreated effluents into coastal areas via inputs from rivers and direct discharges along the coast, without recreational activities (for UV filters) and industrial effluents discharges (for alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates). Transition zones may act like a source of contamination of the three rivers coastal environment in the absence of marine inputs. Elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in sediments in coastal environments. This contamination has persisted for years after the oil spill that has invaded the Mediterranean coast in 2006. Our overall results indicate that concentrations in sediments of the three studied rivers and the coastline can be classified among the highest levels detected in the Mediterranean basin and may induce toxic effects in aquatic biota.This work may be of paramount importance for the East-Mediterranean region, and particularly for Lebanon, a country which, despite being a signatory to the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea and is, subsequently involved in monitoring the quality of its marine environment, suffers far different types of discharges of untreated effluent along its coast in the absence of wastewater treatment plants
Jing, Zhenrong. "Simulations Numériques des Transitions de Couche Limite sur des Pales en Rotation : Eolienne à Axe Horizontal et Hélice Marine". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0035.
Testo completoThe boundary layers on HAWTs and marine propellers share an apparent common point with von Kármán swirling flow, which is created by a rotating disk in the otherwise still fluid. von Kármán swirling flow is the prototype of cross-flow transition. Therefore one focus of the present study is the possibility of cross-flow transition on HAWTs and marine propellers. This study shows that the natural boundary layer transitions on the HAWT and the marine propeller are induced by distinctively different mechanisms. The numerical result of a HAWT blade shows that the boundary layer profile on it is very close to 2-Dimensional (2D) airfoil flow. On the blade, the velocity in spanwise direction is small in the attached boundary layer. As a result, the natural transition on HAWT blade is very similar to the 2D airfoil and is due to Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) wave. On the marine propeller blade, the boundary layer flow is fully 3-Dimensional (3D) due to rotation. Cross-flow instability and transition are clearly observed. The shapes of the cross-flow vortices are in good agreement with the prediction of Linear Stability Theory (LST). Although its been long assumed that cross-flow transition should be important for propellers, this is the first direct observation of such phenomena as far as we know. Because the propeller does not have infinite rotational symmetry, our result suggests the boundary layer on the marine propeller is convectively unstable. This is different with von Kármán boundary layer flow, which is absolutely unstable
Navarro, Ugueto Lilian Leomer. "Stratigraphic Architecture, Depositional Processes and Reservoir Implications of the Basin Floor to Slope Transition, Neoproterozoic Windermere Turbidite System, Canada". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35023.
Testo completoHuaman, Rodrigo Mario David. "Évolution tectonique cénozoïque et néotectonique du Piémont Pacifique dans la région d'Arequipa (Andes du Sud Pérou)". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112033.
Testo completoThe Cenozoic evolution of the Piedmont and the Pacific Coast (forearc basins) is divided into two major periods: a) from Oligocene to Lower Miocene during which the sedimentary accumulation dominates, and b) Middle Miocene to Quaternary, characterized by erosion. Four compressive tectonic phases (Middle Oligocene, Middle Miocene, Upper Miocene and Early Quaternary) affect the sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the basin. A proof is given for the occurrence of a compressional faulting during the deposition of ignimbritic volcanics by 10 m. Y. The mapped structures (scl 1:100 000 Th) show a graben limited by major reverse fault of approximately E-W orientation. The microtectonic studies confirm the multiphased character of these reverse faults and reveal the existence of three events of successive slipping. These events could be related respectively to the attributed to the compressive tectonic phases: by of Middle Oligocene (N-S compression approximately), Middle Miocene (NW-SE compression), and by Upper Miocene and/or Early Quaternary (probably E-W compression). In this region, no trace of active faults has been observed, confirming that the shallow seismic activity is weak. Most of seismicity seems to be linked essentially to the Benioff’s zone
Niewiadomska, Katarzyna. "Couplage physique-biogéochimie à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles : le cas du courant Ligure étudié par un planeur sous-marin bio-optique". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066494.
Testo completoOliveira, Dulce. "Comprendre les périodes chaudes pendant et après la transition du Pléistocène moyen (MIS 31 et MIS 11) dans la péninsule Ibérique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0598/document.
Testo completoThe study of past interglacials, periods of reduced ice volume like our present interglacial, the Holocene, is crucial for understanding the future climate. This work provides new insights into the intensity and climate variability of key interglacials, namely Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 11 and 31, considered as analogues for the projected global warming. A highresolution pollen analysis at IODP Site U1385 off SW Iberia was performed, which enables adirect comparison between atmospheric-driven vegetation changes and sea surface temperature variability. At orbital time scale, this thesis shows that the dominant orbital forcing on the SW European forest was different between the interglacials of the 100-ky (MIS 11) and 41-ky (MIS31) worlds. While during MIS 11 its weak precessional forcing predominates, during MIS 31 itsextreme precession forcing is dwarfed by the prevailing influence of obliquity leading to a temperate climate regime as shown by a less Mediterranean character of the vegetation. This work also shows that millennial-scale variability was a pervasive feature and suggests that the different intensity and duration of the cooling events in SW Iberia was related to different atmospheric and oceanic configurations modulated by high or low-latitude forcing depending on the baseline climate states. Finally, this study examines the dominant forcing underlying the regional expression of the Holocene and its orbital analogues, MIS 11c and 19c, over SW Iberia using a data-model comparison approach. This comparison reveals that the Holocene optimum stands out for its higher forest development and therefore these interglacials cannot be considered as analogues for the Holocene vegetation and climate changes in Iberia. Additionally,it shows that the SW Iberian forest dynamics during these interglacials were primarily controlled by precession through its influence on winter precipitation, which is critical for the Mediterranean forest development whereas CO2 played a negligible role
Thinon, Isabelle. "Structure profonde de la Marge Nord Gascogne et du Bassin Armoricain". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605279.
Testo completoDezaire, Ambre. "Caractérisation de molécules issues de microorganismes associés aux organismes marins, capables d'agir sur les cellules métastatiques du cancer du sein". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS010.
Testo completoAt the in situ carcinoma stage, the breast tumor can be surgically removed. But at later stages, tumor cells can undergo an epithalial-mesenchymal transition, become invasive and chemoresistant. Natural products represent the vast majority of our drugs on the market, especially in oncotherapy. Our experimental strategy consists in isolating and characterizing molecules extracted from 70 fungal strains associated to brown algae. Crude extracts and molecules are then selected for their capacity to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. A first viability assay highlited a crude extract derived from the fungus Paradendryphiella arenaria, very active against the epithelial cancer cell line MCF7 (IC50 of 0.37 µg / mL) and its invasive counterpart MCF7-Sh-WISP2 (0.19 µg / mL). The purification of its extract allowed the isolation of the very cytotoxic hyalodendrin (IC50 of 0.07 µg / mL on MCF7 and 0.046 µg / mL on MCF7-Sh-WISP2), as well as a new pentanorlanostan derivative and the methoxycarbonyl methyl cholate. The mechansim of action of the hyalodendrin revealed p53, HSP60, HSP70 and PRAS40 protein modifications. In parallel, a simplified 96 well plate migration assay let identify a very active but non cytotoxic crude extract, from Penicillium echinatum. The molecules of this extract were studied by dereplication using a molecular network. Together, these results showed the strong therapeutic potential of marine fungi trhough their anti-metastatic activities
Fisco, Dana. "Reef Fish Spatial Distribution and Benthic Habitat Associations on the Southeast Florida Reef Tract". NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/408.
Testo completoSilva, Júnior José Bandeira Cavalcante da. "Fácies e estratigrafia da formação sepotuba: registro da última incursão marinha na transição neoproterozóico-cambriano da faixa Paraguai Norte, Mato Grosso". Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2006. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3278.
Testo completoCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Anomalous events of terminal Neoproterozoic have been mostly reported in the cap carbonates exposed in several cratonic regions worldwide. The records of these events in siliciclastics deposits are still incipient. In this study a siliciclastic succession was investigated that overlies carbonates deposited after Marinoan glaciation (630 Ma) in the southern Amazon Craton and Paraguai Belt, state of Mato Grosso. In this context, part of the sedimentary history contained in the shales and sandstones of the Sepotuba Formation was suppressed from stratigraphic proposals for that area. The Sepotuba Formation is rescued here a stratigraphic which is fundamental to understand this evolutionary history, consequent of the facies and stratigraphic analysis carried out in this work. The Sepotuba Formation unconformably overlies the Raizama Formation, and is gradually overlaid by Diamantino Formation, composing the Alto Paraguai Group. The upper part of the Raizama Formation is composed of: 1) amalgamated beds of fine to medium-grained sandstone, with swaley and hummocky cross-stratifications, wave truncated and even parallel laminations, interpreted as storm influenced littoral deposits; 2) Coarsening upward cycles composed of wavy-bedded rithymite and concave cross-bedded sandstone, interpreted as tidal bars; and 3) siltstone, medium to coarse-grained sandstone with dissecation cracks, ripples marks and evaporites molds related to intertidal deposits. The Sepotuba Formation consists in: 1) pelite and fine to medium-grained sandstone with ripple marks, even parallel lamination, hummocky and swaley stratifications and tidal bundles, interpreted as lower shoreface deposits; e 2) siltstone, pelite and fine to medium-grained sandstone with ripple marks, hummocky cross stratification, even parallel and low-angle cross laminations and climbing ripple-cross lamination that represent offshore deposits. The base of Diamantino Formation comprises: 1) siltstone and claystone with wavy bedding, convolute and even parallel laminations related to lacustrine and/or seaway environment; and 2) clast-supported conglomerate and medium to coarse-grained sandstone with even parallel stratification, through, planar and concave cross stratification, considered as braided river deposits. The Sepotuba Formation records a transgression that reworked littoral deposits of Raizama Formation. This event is the last marine incursion after the Marinoan global glaciation (630 Ma) that preceded the oceanic enclosure associated with the collision of Amazonia and Rio de La Plata blocks during the Pampean-Araguaia orogeny (520-500 Ma). The continuity of the collisional processes resulted in the individualization of foredeep sub-basins, confining the Sepotuba sea and leading to lakes and/or seaways formations that were supplied by fluvial to deltaic sediments (Diamantino Formation), derived from uplifted areas in the collisional blocks, during the final stages of foreland evolution of Paraguai belt.
Os eventos anômalos do final do Neoproterozóico têm sido documentados principalmente nas capas carbonáticas ocorrentes em diversas regiões cratônicas do planeta. Os registros destes eventos em depósitos siliciclásticos ainda são pouco documentados, e neste estudo foi investigado uma sucessão siliciclástica que sobrepõe carbonatos depositados após a glaciação Marinoan (630 Ma) na parte sul do Cráton Amazônico e Faixa Paraguai, estado do Mato Grosso. Neste contexto, parte desta história sedimentar contida nos folhelhos e arenitos da Formação Sepotuba, foi suprimida das propostas estratigráficas para aquela área. A Formação Sepotuba é resgatada aqui como unidade estratigráfica fundamental para o entendimento da história evolutiva, baseada na análise de fácies e estratigráfica desenvolvida neste trabalho. A Formação Sepotuba recobre discordantemente a Formação Raizama e é sobresposta, em contato gradual, pela Formação Diamantino, compondo o Grupo Alto Paraguai. O topo da Formação Raizama é constituído por: 1) arenito fino a médio, formando camadas amalgamadas com estratificações cruzadas swaley e hummocky, laminações truncada por onda e plano-paralela interpretado como depósito litorâneo influenciado por ondas de tempestade; 2) ciclos granocrescentes ascendentes formados por ritmito com acamamento ondulado e arenito com estratificação cruzada côncava, interpretados como barras submaré; e 3) siltito, arenito médio a grosso com gretas de contração, marcas onduladas e moldes de evaporitos relacionados a depósitos de intermaré. A Formação Sepotuba consiste em: 1) pelito, arenito muito fino a médio com marcas onduladas, estratificações plano-paralela e cruzadas hummocky e swaley e bandamentos da maré (tidal bundles) interpretados como depósitos de shoreface inferior; e 2) siltito, pelito e arenito muito fino a médio com marcas onduladas, estratificação cruzada hummocky, laminação plano-paralela e laminações cruzadas de baixo-ângulo e cavalgante, que representam depósitos de offshore. A base da Formação Diamantino compreende: 1) siltito e argilito com acamamento ondulado, laminações planoparalela e convoluta, relacionados a ambiente lacustre e/ou mar restrito; e 2) conglomerado com arcabouço fechado, arenito médio a grosso, estratificações plano-paralela, cruzada acanalada, tabular e côncava, considerados como depósitos de rios entrelaçados. A Formação Sepotuba registra uma transgressão sobre os depósitos litorâneos da Formação Raizama. Este evento é a última incursão marinha após a glaciação global Marinoan (630 Ma) que precedeu o fechamento oceânico associado à colisão de blocos Amazônia e Rio de La Plata durante a Orogenia Pampeana-Araguaia (520-500 Ma). A continuidade dos processos de colisão das placas resultou na individualização de sub-bacias foredeep, confinando o mar Sepotuba em mares restritos levando à formação de lagos e/ou mares restritos supridos por sedimentos flúvio-deltaicos (Formação Diamantino), oriundos de áreas soerguidas nos blocos convergentes, dentro dos estágios finais da evolução foreland da Faixa Paraguai.
Mihoubi, Abdelhafid. "Imagerie sismique de la structure profonde de la marge Algérienne orientale (secteur de Jijel) : implications en terme de potentiel pétrolier". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0037/document.
Testo completoThis thesis has been conducted within the framework of the Algerian-French research cooperation program SPIRAL (Sismique Profonde et Investigations Régionales du Nord de l’Algérie). This project aims to study the deep structure of the Algerian margin. The area covered by this study focuses in the region of Jijel in eastern Algerian margin.The main objective of our thesis is to improve depth imaging of the Algerian margin using a combined approach of seismic techniques; wide-angle and multi- channel seismic data. The purpose of this thesis is to bring new knowledge to answer some questions about the nature of the crust, the area of continental -oceanic transition, the presence of Messinian salt, its distribution and relationship between surface sedimentary formations and crustal structures.This study presents the results of a deep seismic survey across the north Algerian margin, based on the combination of 2D multi-channel and wide-angle seismic data simultaneously recorded by 41 ocean bottom seismometers deployed along a North-South line extending 180 km off Jijel into the Algerian offshore basin, and 25 land stations deployed along a 100 km-long line, cutting through the Lesser Kabylia and the Tellian thrust-belt.In this study, our approach is a joint inversion of wide-angle seismic recordings (OBS, ocean bottom seismometers) and multi- channel seismic data (MCS). We conducted a series of first arrivals tomography, a joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals and gravity modelling. Since the solution of the inverse problem is not unique, two tomography programs were applied using the same data for the same study area; FAST (First Arrival Seismic Tomography) and Tomo2D. Tomography was followed by a joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals following an approach based on the combination of Kirchhoff prestack depth migration (PSDM) for MCS data and forward modelling of OBS. To check the consistency of the velocity model with gravity data, the free air anomaly was modeled.The final model obtained using forward modelling of the wide-angle data and pre-stack depth migration of the seismic reflection data provides an unprecedented view of the sedimentary and crustal structure of the margin. The sedimentary layers in the Algerian basin are 3.75 km thick to the north and up to 4.5 to 5 km thick at the foot of the margin. They are characterised by seismic velocities from 1.9 km/s to 3.8 km/s. Messinian salt formations are about 1 km thick in the study area, and are modelled and imaged using a velocity between 3.7 km/s to 3.8 km/s. The crust in the deep sea basin is about 4.5 km thick and of oceanic origin, presenting two distinct layers with a high gradient upper crust (4.7 km/s - 6.1 km) and a low gradient lower crust (6.2 km/s - 7.1 km/s). The upper mantle velocity is constrained to 7.9 km/s. The ocean-continent transition zone is very narrow between 15 km to 20 km wide. The continental crust reaches 25 km thickness as imaged from the most landward station and thins to 5 km over a less than 70 km distance. The continental crust presents steep and asymmetric upper and lower crustal geometry, possibly due to either asymmetric rifting of the margin, an underplated body, or flow of lower crustal material towards the ocean basin. Present-time deformation, as imaged from 3 additional seismic profiles, is characterized by an interplay of gravity-driven mobile-salt creep and active thrusting at the foot of the tectonically inverted Algerian margin