Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Transformations douces"

Il y a deux cents ans que les processus de transformation des sociétés que nous appelons aujourd'hui "révolutions" ne cessent d'intéresser les sociologues. Les analyses essentielles de la révolution au siècle dernier sont l'oeuvre de Tocqueville et de Marx, pour les études plus récentes on ne saurait omettre Davies, Gurr, Skocpol ou Tilly1. Les analyses des auteurs classiques et modernes nous ont permis de faire progresser nos connaissances sur l'origine et le déroulement des révolutions.Toutefois la transition dramatique d'un système centralisé à économie planifiée à un système démocratique à économie de marché dans l'ex-RDA présente des particularités qui la distinguent d'autres processus de tranformation révolutionnaire.

The common denominator of some of the questions and problems raised by the reviewers is represented by the new technological revolution, the role of AI in this revolution, and their impact on the world today. No one doubts the fact that we are living the greatest transformation of the information environment since Gutenberg’s printing press. Nevertheless, as John Naughton emphasized, “we’re as clueless about where it’s heading and what’s driving it as the citizens of Mainz were in 1495” (Naughton, 2019). Four centuries have passed since then; during this time, the printing press shaped society and thinking, introduced new forms of communication, occasioned a massive improvement in the general population’s level of education, made public schools and the mass dissemination of knowledge possible. It radically influenced everything. Now, we are at the dawn of a new era, one which will lead to least as many transformations as print did.

AbstractZen students described their experiences when working with koans, and a phenomenological method was used to identify the structure of those experiences. Zen koans are statements or stories developed in China and Japan by Zen masters in order to help students transform their conscious awareness of the world. Eight participants including 3 females and 5 males from Southern California with 1 to 30 years of experience in Zen answered open-ended questions about koan practice in one tape-recorded session for each participant. Reflection yielded the following thematic clusters: (a) motivation, (b) approaches to working with koans, (c) experiences while working with koans, (d) experiences of insight into koans, (e) working with a teacher, and (f) transformation. Participants described positive transformations including better control of emotions and concentration, better awareness of prejudices and biases with the ability to suppress those types of habitual associations, and a new relation to and acceptance of spiritual questions and doubts.

Priority areas for the implementation of projects to create virtual simulators in the electric power industry during its digital transformation have been identified. Various options for using digital doubles of substations to develop professional competencies and skills of operational personnel are considered.

Résumé En marge d'un ouvrage de Pierre Rosanvallon, l'auteur livre ses réflexions sur certaines des transformations actuelles de l'État-providence. Il conteste le fait que la forme assurancielle soit un mode " périmé " de régulation des solidarités ; il commente les " nouveaux droits sociaux " régissant les rapports État-prestataire ; il exprime de forts doutes sur la possibilité d'implanter une " société d'insertion " et sur l'interprétation voulant que l'État-providence ait maintenant à dispenser ses services à une " société d'individus ".

We show that the electronic spectrum in graphene, not unlike in other low-dimensional systems, can manifest a sharp impurity resonance near the Dirac point due to the presence of a single weakly coupled impurity described by the Fano model. It is demonstrated that, according to the established scenario, the electronic band structure of graphene undergoes a kind of transformation, specifically of the avoided crossing type, when the concentration of such short-range impurities increases. In this transformation process, main events unfold close to the impurity resonance energy, and, therefore, they relate to the most intriguing domain of the energy spectrum of graphene. The avoided crossing transformation develops in a threshold manner. Namely, it starts when the impurity concentration exceeds a critical value determined by the considerable spatial overlap of individual impurity states. Unlike former cases of such band structure transformations in low-dimensional systems, our findings unveil the formation of a new—impurity—Dirac point in the spectrum alongside the original shifted one, which doubles their number in the disordered system. The resulting electronic spectrum also features a single worthy of attention concentration broadening area or mobility gap of a substantially reduced width around the impurity resonance energy. Band edge smearing areas at old and newly formed Dirac points, where electronic states are also localized, are found to be negligibly narrow. Our analysis suggests that controlling the position of the Fermi level in the disordered system under study may allow observation of the re-entrant metal–insulator transition. The Fermi level entering and exiting the mobility gap causes the metal–insulator and insulator–metal transitions.

The problem of the evolution of power as an indicator of structural transformations has been considered. An analysis of Russian practice allows us to draw a number of conclusions of interest to political science. A retrospective analysis of the evolution of power types provides additional knowledge about the political process and reveals an important political and managerial aspect for this study. Attention has been focused on the structural transformation of the current government.The interdependence of the subject of power and the object of power determines their interaction. It can be different (conflict, consensus, close) and characteristic of a certain type of political system (absolute and constitutional monarchy, presidential and parliamentary, presidential-parliamentary, confederative, federal republic). Monarchist rule with elements of coercion is doomed to conflict interaction, which predetermined the half-heartedness of all reforms in the Russian Empire. The traditional legitimization of power did not contribute to the improvement of interaction. Soviet rule, effective in mobilizing society, with real achievements, did not escape a critical number of negative indexes. Almost one hundred percent legitimization of the Soviet government did not remove doubts about its strength. The democratic legitimization of power requires it to implement a program of transformations in the system of power and society. The evolution of power is an accurate indicator of transformations in society. Political structuring remains the prerogative of the current government. Difficulties in the implementation of the program force the government to shift attention to maintaining stability in society.A well-structured power is a condition for its effective functioning. The efficiency of power (fighting corruption, ensuring of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, solving social problems, etc.) is due to its ability to respond adequately to challenges and find consensus in decision-making in political turbulence.

Abstract Zabłocie is a Krakow’s post-industrial neighbourhood currently in transition. Numerous investments are being made there. The old industrial function (of this area) is disappearing year by year. Dynamic and large-scale transformations began in the 21st century and have continued to the present, influencing the functional-spatial transformation. Rapid changes have resulted in numerous problems that may intensify in the future. The annually increasing change seen in the Zabłocie neighbourhood, and the emerging doubts about the correctness of the changes taking place, make it necessary to undertake a thorough analysis and evaluation of the regeneration process. The purpose of the article is to present the conditions, barriers and perspectives accompanying the development of Zabłocie. An attempt was made to identify problems related to the ongoing functional and spatial changes occurring in Zabłocie. Emphasis was given to both the positive and negative aspects of the regeneration process in this area. The identification of the transformations that occurred made it possible to define contemporary problems. The following were distinguished as falling amongst the main problems: obscure planning and strategic documents, the lack of preservation of valuable facilities, planning chaos, special conflicts of interest (between developers, investors, residents and city authorities), the lack of parking lots, the occurrence of the gentrification phenomenon, and a shortage of public green spaces. A key task should be to take action to improve the way the area functions so that in the future it has positive associations. It was emphasised that the development and transformation processes do not always have a positive effect. In the case of Zabłocie, it is necessary to fully control this process in order to prevent the formation of negative phenomena in the future. In the coming years the research results obtained may have a positive impact on the anticipation and monitoring of the progressive regeneration of this area and will enable the occurrence of negative aspects to be identified. The results of the research may be useful during the analysis of the process of regeneration and the identification of problems in other cities.