Tesi sul tema "Traitements de Fond"
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Maze, Florence. "Données actuelles sur les traitements de fond de la polyarthrite rhumatoi͏̈de". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P029.
Testo completoShrivastava, Rémi. "Association de l'écorce de Saule et de la Grande Camomille : une alternative thérapeutique aux traitements de fond de la migraine". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC049.
Testo completoThe anti-migraine properties of Tanacetum parthenium are mainly attributed to its main active compound: the parthenolide. Its mechanism of action is not completely understood, but growing evidences are demonstrating a possible desensitization of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel by parthenolide action. The TRPA1, due its expression in the nerve endings of meningeal nociceptors and other neuroanatomical sites implicated in migraine modulation, play itself a role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Our hypothesis is that partenolide increases the migraine triggering threshold by desensitizing TRPA1 receptors. To test our hypothesis, we first evaluated the efficacy and mode of action of parthenolide in a rat model of migraine. By combining different in vivo approaches (behaviour assessment and electrophysiology) we have shown that parthenolide, administered intraperitoneally, prevents cutaneous cephalic hypersensitivity induced by repeated injections of inflammatory substances (or inflammatory soup: IS) on the surface of the meninges. More specifically, we demonstrate parthenolide can act at the peripheral level where the TRPA1 receptors are located. Indeed, when the application of parthenolide directly on the surface of the meninges preceded the application of IS, second order wide-dynamic range neurons at the caudal trigeminal spinal nucleus displayed a decreased spontaneous and evoked activity, contrasting with the increased activity observed in non-treated rats. Finally, we were able to observe that, in vitro, parthenolide binds to TRPA1 receptors via a Michael addition reaction on cysteine, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance and thermophoresis studies. Additionally, since a previous open clinical trial had shown the effectiveness of Tanacetum parthenium combined with the plant Salix alba in preventing migraines we used the same model of migraine as described above to test the effectiveness of salicin (active compound in Salix alba) or the combination of the 2 active compounds in reducing cutaneous cephalic hypersensitivity. We observed that salicin alone was ineffective but, when used in combination with parthenolide, it produced a synergetic effect. Finally, we tested the effectiveness of the combination of the two plants in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study on 129 patients with episodic migraine. After 28 days of observation and 12 weeks of treatment, the herbal combination was shown to be significantly superior in preventing migraines compared to the placebo group. Overall, these results confirm that Tanacetum parthenium, particularly when used in combination with Salix alba, is a successful and safe therapy in humans to prevent and decrease the frequency of migraine attacks, an effect probably related the ability to target and desensitize TRPA1 channels
Richard, Joël. "Application de méthodes de traitements numériques de signaux de détection, compression et reconnaissance d'événements d'origines sismiques dans une station autonome de type sismographe fond de mer". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376180862.
Testo completoRICHARD, JOEL. "Application de methodes de traitements numeriques de signaux a la detection, compression et reconnaissance d'evenements d'origines sismiques dans une station autonome de type sismographe fond de mer". Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10121.
Testo completoDelachartre, Philippe. "Identification d'un système sonar large bande pour la reconnaissance des fonds sous-marins et la détection de cibles à proximité du fond". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0076.
Testo completoFor active sonar systems, the echo backscattered from the seabed is either the signal containing the relevant information of the sea-bottom or the reverberating noise limiting the performances of target detection. This study is concerned with the interest of performing experiments in natural environment using a wideband sonar system (20-140 kHz) with a constant directivity for sea-bottom recognition and target detection purposes. The use of wide frequency range allows to characterize sea-bottom by its impulse response and the transmission of a high time bandwidth product signal improves the detection performances. An experimental procedure has been implemented to identify the system function of the wideband sonar. This identification procedure yields an estimate of the target impulse response by inverse filtering. Validation is made using a reference sphere target and the results are applied to estimate the sea-bottom impulse response. Relevant information is then extracted from the sea-bottom impulse response and leads to a rather well recognition rate of five different types of seabed. The characteristics of the bottom backscattered signals are taken into account for the detection of a target lying on the seabed. The receiver is based on an ARMA prewhitening filter and a matched filter. The receiver performances are evaluated as a function of the signal to noise ratio and show that the receiver is tolerant to the variability of bottom backscattered signals. Finally, the simulations and the experimental results show the interest of widening the frequency band in order to limit the fluctuations of the signal to noise ratio at the receiver input and to improve the resolution at the receiver output
Gaubert, Eric. "Séparation radioéléments-sels de fond par nanofiltration assistée par complexation en milieu fortement salin". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO19004.
Testo completoRosenberg, Nicole. "La suppression du fond en spectrométrie Auger : étude générale et applications". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10004.
Testo completoNajar, Dorra. "La rémunération dans les fonds d’investissement : évaluation et traitement fiscal". Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090049.
Testo completoPrivate equity funds are a very important actor of the financial market. Their performance often exceeds the market performance. To establish a private equity fund, there are some agreements between the capital providers (limited partners) and the fund managers (the general partners). This thesis particularly treats the fund managers’ compensation granted to them for their management skills. This compensation consists of a fixed part (management fees) and a variable part indexed on the performance fund (carried interest). First, this thesis examines the various economic, cultural, specific managers’ factors ... that affect the choice of fund partners concerning compensation and profit sharing terms. Then, it studies the tax treatment problem of carried interest. The difference of taxing treatment between the United States and some European countries is explained by a difficulty in defining this financial instrument. The approximation of the carried interest to a financial option allows a better identification of the most appropriate tax treatment. Finally, this thesis proposes an estimating method of the GPs compensation fair value using Monte Carlo simulations. Varying contract clauses and optional characteristics allows a sensitivity analysis of this remuneration
Zhou, Liangzhu. "Contribution à l'analyse harmonique du bruit de fond par méthode numérique". Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20050.
Testo completoAbellaoui, Lahcen. "Conception d'un analyseur numérique de densité spectrale de bruit de fond électronique". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20235.
Testo completoNATAF, SERGE. "Indication de la pentoxifylline dans le traitement de fond de la sclerose en plaques : essai pilote". Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT268M.
Testo completoPerrot, Yannick. "Imagerie tridimensionnelle haute résolution du fond sous-marin par le traitement sonar interférométrique à ouverture synthétique". Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2026.
Testo completoMaquin, Pascal. "Le traitement de fond de la maladie asthmatique : son incidence clinique et economique ; une experience interessante en matiere d'economie de sante ; a propos de 141 observations recueillies dans la region midi-pyrenees". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31033.
Testo completoMennessier, Anne-Laurence Rech Régis. "La médiathèque François-Mitterrand de Poitiers traitement du fonds Arthur Labbé de la Mauvinière /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/rsmennessier-dcb.pdf.
Testo completoBoisset, Catherine. "Sismique monotrace informatisée, prospection marine par petit fond". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066356.
Testo completoMaroni, Claire-Sophie. "Détermination automatique de la stratification des fonds sous-marins à l'aide d'un sondeur de sédiments". Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2044.
Testo completoGala, Pavia Nùria. "Un modèle d'analyseur synthaxique robuste fondé sur la modularité et la lexicalisation de ses grammaires". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112040.
Testo completoRobust parsers automatically assign to strings already chunked in units a representation of structural groups and functionnal relations existing within these units. The challenge for these systems is to keep a balance between the linguistic description and their performances, as well as between a fine-grained description and an empirical adequacy. There are a number of phenomena that existing parsers wrongly process or not process at all, i. E. Structures not frequent in corpora used to develop the parsers, phenomena dealing with the structure and the visualisation of the documents, or phenomena requiring specific techniques going beyond syntax. All these points have lead us to propose and to implement an architecture for a robust parser able to process rough text from different domains with high and homogeneous coverage and precision rates. Our robust parser model is thus based on: first, a specialisation and a modular strategy of application of the different grammars in order to accurately process heterogeneous corpora and, second, dependency grammars lexicalisation (rule-based grammars combined with an unsupervised learning method) for a better resolution of prepositionnal attachment ambiguities
Karoui, Imen. "Segmentation par méthodes markoviennes et variationnelles des images texturées : application à la caractérisation sonar des fonds marins". Télécom Bretagne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TELB0035.
Testo completoThis work is concerned with the characterization and the segmentation of high resolution sonar images. We are interested in the texture information within these images. The report is divided into three parts. The two former parts are concerned with natural texture analysis in general. The third one presents an application to sonar image segmentation. In the first part, we describe texture by a set of empirical distribution estimated on texture responses to a set of different filters computed for different parameterizations. We fuse the contribution of the different features using a weighting scheme: we define a new similarity measure between textures, as a weighted sum of Kullback-Leibler divergence between texture features. The weights are estimated according to global margin maximization criterion. According to weight values, we select the most discriminating features. In the second part, we exploit this similarity measure to develop supervised and unsupervised segmentation algorithms. We propose two segmentation methods: one "pixel-based" method formulated in a bayesian based Markov Random Field (MRF) framework and a variational "region-based" approach implemented with the level set technique. In the third part, we present an application to the characterization and the segmentation of sonar images. We show sidescan sonar feature dependency with incidence angles and we describe the modification of our similarity measure and our segmentation algorithms to take into account the angular feature dependency
Lamouret, Marie. "Traitement automatisés des données acoustiques issues de sondeurs multifaisceaux pour la cartographie des fonds marins". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0002.
Testo completoAmong underwater acoustic technologies, multibeam echo sounder (MBES) is one of the most advanced tool to study and map the underwater floors and the above water column. Its deployment on-site requires expertise so as the whole data processing to map the information. These processing are very time-consuming due to the massive quantity of recorded data and thus needs to be automatised to shorten and alleviate the hydrographer's task. This PhD research works focus on the automatisation of the current activities in Seaviews society.After some reminders on the underwater acoustic sciences, the MBES operating is described as well the produced data that will be manipulated throughout the developments. This document presents two thematics˸ bathymetric (depths) and marine habitats mapping. The developments are integrated into the Seaviews' software in the aim to be used by all the employees.About seafloor depths mapping, the bathymetric sounding has to be sorted to avoid that the outlier errors distort the results. Sorting the uncountable measures is cumbersome but necessary, although the hydrographers are today happily computed-assisted. We propose a fast statistical method to exclude the outliers while mapping the information. This leads to wonder if the water column imagery would be workable to deduce the bathymetry without failure. We will test this hypothesis with some technics of deep learning, especially with convolutional neural networks.The marine habitats mapping is a seabed nature classification according to the local life. Seaviews has worked on a way to prepare MBES data and habitats analysis. Concerning the method of classification itself, we move towards machine learning technics. Several methods are implemented and assessed, and then an area is chosen to evaluate and compare the results
Delannoy, Jean-François. "Un système fondé sur les objets pour le suivi de situation à partir de textes en langage naturel". Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30063.
Testo completoKotenkoff, Cyril. "Détection d'objets enfouis sur le fond marin par ondes sismo-acoustiques de Scholte". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00248886.
Testo completoNous avons défini un système composé d'une antenne de capteurs multicomposante et d'un source impulsive disposés sur l'interface.
Le traitement du signal se décompose en deux temps: une étape d'estimation des caractéristiques de propagation des ondes est réalisée à partir de l'onde incidente sur l'antenne puis une image de détection est calculée par un traitement d'antenne adapté aux caractéristiques estimées, la dispersion et la polarisation.
Le traitement nécessite une modélisation fidèle du bruit sismo-acoustique, dont nous proposons des modèles.
Les performances ont une grande sensibilité au modèle de bruit, elles soulignent l'intérêt du traitement multicomposante.
La méthode a été favorablement validée par simulation d'ondes élastiques ainsi que sur des données réelles.
Elle demande à l'être expérimentalement en environnement contrôlé et en mer.
Louati, Sihem. "Acquisition, traitement, analyse, modélisation et inversion des enregistrements de bruit de fond sismique : application : les berges du lac sud de Tunis". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066475.
Testo completoThe analysis and characterization of the sub-soil can be performed using several geophysical methods and surveys. These methods include traditional seismic methods (active or passive) that require the use of natural or artificial seismic sources and whose application is limited by the characteristics of the sources. After the finding of Nakamura theory (1989), a recent passive seismic technique consist to record the ambient seismic noise is established. To analyze the seismic risk of south lake banks of Tunis City, we have used this method. Campaigns measures in the field of study leads to the determination of seismic micro-zoning maps and identification of origin of these signals. Using several numerical simulations, the development of the relationship between a soil column and the results of these ambient seismic noise recordings is achieved. The estimation of the propagation of a seismic source through a column of tabular soil is performed. Then, a distribution of noise sources in both surface and subsurface is made and an estimation of the seismic signal generated by this two-dimensional distribution is performed. Geophysical and geotechnical site characterization study allows the comparison between these results and the results from an inversion of the curves H/V. This comparison reassures outcomes deriving records seismic noise
Espiau, François-Xavier. "Métrologie 3D par vision active sur des objets naturels sous-marins". Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5713.
Testo completoPesquet-Popescu, Béatrice. "Modélisation bidimensionnelle de processus non stationnaires et application à l'étude du fond sous-marin". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0021.
Testo completoVarda, Nathalie Ollès Christian. "Traitement et signalement des catalogues de bibliothèques du fonds de recueils de la Bibliothèque nationale de France". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/pppvarda.pdf.
Testo completoViala, Christophe Asch Mark. "Inversion géoacoustique temps réel de signaux large bande par grands fonds". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258272/fr.
Testo completoLOPES, LAURENT. "Etude methodologique du traitement sismique : deconvolution directionnelle dans le domaine frequence - nombre d'onde ; traitement de donnees sismiques acquises avec un dispositif tracte pres du fond de la mer. application a des donnees reelles". Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066685.
Testo completoSwital, Morgane. "Utilisation des Médicaments Innovants de la Sclérose en Plaques Pendant la Grossesse et Risques Associés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR037.
Testo completoMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that particularly affects young women of childbearing age. The market introduction of numerous innovative and effective disease-modifying therapies (DMT) over the last decade has led to an increased need for data on their safety, especially during pregnancy. The general objective was to assess the use and associated risks of these DMTs during pregnancy in France over the last decade, using the EPI-MERES mother-child Register. In the first study, we included 20,567 pregnancies of women with MS that ended between 2010 and 2021, of which 7,587 were exposed to DMTs. We showed that despite MS therapeutic management adaptations to pregnancy, exposure during pregnancy to DMTs whose safety profile has not yet been clearly established has increased sharply. In a second study, among the 22,413 pregnancies of women with MS that ended between 2010 and 2022, 8,477 were exposed to a DMT. We showed that exposure to certain MS DMTs during pregnancy was associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes including spontaneous abortion (natalizumab, anti-CD20), preterm birth (natalizumab, anti-CD20, fingolimod), and small weight for gestational age at birth (natalizumab, teriflunomide). These results provides new insights into the use and safety of MS DMTs during pregnancy, highlighting the critical role of pharmacoepidemiology studies
Le, Thanh Huyen. "Etude et traitement informatique du fonds d'archives des musées des Tissus et des Arts décoratifs de Lyon". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessride/rsle.pdf.
Testo completoKergosien, Eric. "Point de vue ontologique de fonds documentaires territorialisés indexés". Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720439.
Testo completoLe, Chenadec Gilles. "Analyse de descripteurs énergétiques et statistiques de signaux sonar pour la caractérisation des fonds marins". Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2025.
Testo completoInformation contained in sonar data, the backscattered energy is well known as an essential clue about the seabed nature and roughness. The objectives are the data exploitation of two sonar systems, both operate at a high frequency (100 kHz) but their survey geometry is different. Sonar images reveal artefacts dur to geometry of the sonar system and array patterns. A new postprocessing correction method is proposed for signals recorded by the sidescan sonar, based on the reconstruction of the survey geometry. The study concerns two energetical and statistical features extracted from backscattered intensity. The angular backscattering strength is shown as the simplest and the most efficient feature for the seabed discrimination. Textures presence in sonar images allow to complete the study by a feature based on the statistical distributions shape and revealing roughness characteristics. Different statistical behaviors are highlighted depending either on seafloor properties or on the sonar system geometry. Finally, the simultaneous use of these features improves segmentation results. In this context, the use of the "Support Vector Machines" is proposed and shows some relevant and evolutive possibilities
Leblond, Isabelle. "Recalage à long terme d'images sonar par mise en correspondance de cartes de classification automatique des fonds". Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2004.
Testo completoThis study deals with sea-floor localization problem by using sidescan sonar images. Here, we assume that the considered seafloor areas have previously been mapped. The size of each considered seafloor area is over a hundred square metres and the images can be recorded with different courses. A direct matching of theses images is obviously unacceptable. Therefore, we consider a two step method : extraction of symbolic data named “landmarks” and a matching process. Before these two steps, we begin by presenting the different data. We particularly focus on the physics of the seafloor, in order to grasp the different types of usable landmarks. We present also the problematic of sonar registration, both in terms of difficulties and proposed solutions to solve them. A second part is devoted to the preprocessing of the data : correction of the TVG (Time Varying Gain) by a normalization of the images according to the grazing angle and the despecklelisation by thresholding on wavelet decomposition. Concerning the landmark extraction, we apply a segmentation/classification of the data. Classifying parameters extracted from a Gabor wavelet decomposition are used to realize a classification by the nearest neighbour in several stages. The obtained landmarks contain different kinds of seafloor and their boundaries. The registration is achieved using mainly two steps. The first step is a symbolic registration, where the classification results are matched more an more accurately. The second one is a quantitative registration, where data, extracted directly from images, are matched
El, Baf Fida. "Apport des concepts flous dans la détection d'objets en mouvement par suppression de fond : application sur des séquences vidéo acquises dans des conditions non contrôlées". La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS269.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis consists in elaborating of a background subtraction method for moving object detection adapted to scene acquired by a fixed camera and presenting the problematic of dynamic backgrounds in and beyond visual spectrum. Firstly, we have proposed a fuzzy model based on the Mixture of Gaussians models (MOG), called "T2-FMOG". The originality of our work is the introducing of the fuzzy character to the original model of mixture of Gaussians to perform its flexibility and its capability to adapt to different environments (Indoor and Outdoor). This technique utilizes the fuzzy sets theory and handles the uncertainty related to the parameter of the MOG, which is not taken into account by the original model. The proposed method is robust to dynamic backgrounds, illumination changes and shadows, especially when some of the following phenomenons occur in the scene like camera jitter, waving trees, rippling water. Secondly, we have developed a foreground detection method based on Choquet integral. This method allows to combine different image’s characteristics in a fuzzy way and optimizes the information hold by each one. The experiments show an improvement of the quality of the detection. Finally, we have proposed an updated background model rule based on the feedback of the foreground detection step. This mechanism considers the degree of the contribution of each pixel in the classification process of the pixels as background or foreground. This rule is adaptive and introduces dynamically the recent changes of the scene. The proposed algorithms have been tested for three applications presenting different critical situations. The evaluations show that our fuzzy approaches outperform the well known approaches
NOLIBE, LAURENT. "Amelioration des traitements en veille inrarouge bibande : application a un probleme de classification des fonds et de detection de cibles". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5069.
Testo completoCampano, Sabrina. "Cor-e : un modèle pour la simulation d'agents affectifs fondé sur la théorie COR". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066060.
Testo completoCostache, Mihai. "Support vector machines et méthodes bayésiennes pour l'apprentissage sémantique fondé sur des catégories : recherche dans les bases de données d'imagerie satellitaire". Paris, ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0026.
Testo completoNowadays large volumes of multimedia data are available with the source being represented by different human activity domains such as photography, television channels, remote sensing applications, etc. For all these data there is a clear need for tools and methods which can allow an optimal data organisation so that the access to the content can be done in a fast and efficient manner. The number of operational EO satellites increases every year and generates an explosion of the acquired data volume. Nowadays, for instance, on average somewhere between 10 to 100 Gigabytes of image data are recorded daily on regular basis by the available optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors on board of the EO satellites. ESA's Environmental Satellite, Envisat, deployed in 2002 collects per year around 18 Terabytes of multisensor data. This leads to a total of about 10 Terabytes of annually recorded data volume which is representing a huge volume of data to be processed and interpreted. The generated data volume in classical remote sensing applications, are treated manually by specialised experts for each domain of application. However, this type of analysis is costly and time consuming. Moreover, it allows the processing of only a small fraction of the available data as the user-based image interpretation is done at a greatly lower pace that the one in which the recorded images are sent to the ground stations. In order to cope with these two major aspects in remote sensing, there is a clear need for highly efficient search tools for EO image archives and for search mechanisms able to identify and recognise structures within EO images; moreover these systems should be fast and work with high precision. Such a system should automatically perform classification of the available digital image collection, based on a previous training, which was supervised by an expert. In this way, the image database is better organized and images of interest can be identifed more easily than just by employing a manual expert image interpretation. The task is to infer knowledge, by means of human-machine interaction, from EO image archives. The human-machine interaction enables the transfer of human expertise to the machine by means of knowledge inference algorithms which interpret the human decision and to translate it into conceptual levels. In this way, the EO image information search and extraction process is automated, allowing a fast reponse adapted to human queries
Bichot, Élodie. "Filtrage particulaire fondé sur les informations de mouvements et de couleur pour le suivi d'objets non rigides en milieu perturbé : application au projet Aqu@thèque". La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS156.
Testo completoHAFEZ, RAIDA. "Etude d'un reacteur non-thermique fonde sur une decharge electrique d'arc entrave, pour l'application au traitement des polluants atmospheriques". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066183.
Testo completoZaghar, Halima. "Mise à jour de bases de données géographiques par fusion de sources à l'aide de transformations correctives élastiques sous contraintes : raboutement de cartes et insertion de portion dans un fond". Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0014.
Testo completo[However if updating a conventional database (e. G. Changing the delive1y address in a custom file) can be done by means of a SQL-type language or via a form interface, in the domain of geographic databases, updating means different things and cannot be performed easily. The essential reason is because updating information is not only elementary, but rather coming from different sources such as new/y made measures, aerial photos, scanned maps and so on. In this work, we will give an overview of two problems of updating. The first updating is extension of the coverage; in other words. When we have to fusion maps of two neighbouring zones whose boundaries do not meet, if is necessary ta select control points and to perform rubber-sheeting at the vicinity of the boundary based on those control points. The second updating consist in integration of a new portion in database. For this, we based on position of control points and Finite Element Method. ]
Nikolova, Yoana. "Développement de matrices alimentaires permettant de protéger des substances actives lors des traitements thermiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0102.
Testo completoDehydrated products make it possible to optimize the storage and transport of food products. Food powder mixes distributed to the consumer display nutritional guarantees in terms of qualitative and quantitative inputs. However, the nutritional value of the product after reconstitution and cooking, is not guaranteed. This PhD work focuses on the evaluation of vitamins losses due to food processing in relation to the effect of the food matrix. Losses measured after the heat treatment were not negligible, making the encapsulation necessary to meet the objective of the thesis to guarantee a sufficient vitamins content after reconstitution and heat treatment of the dehydrated food product. Different matrices have been tested at the laboratory scale and industrial scales. Some of these matrices, such as dairy proteins and starch, have proved to be very interesting and allowed the preservation of vitamin C during heat treatment. To finalize the study, it was essential to take into account that the vitamin C-encapsulating powders will be stored before and after their distribution. To ensure that they maintain a sufficient vitamin C content during storage, accelerated aging has been carried out. Thus this thesis made it possible to provide concrete answers to the posed industrial problem, which was to guarantee the vitamin C content of the commercial products after reconstitution and heat treatment
Chaudhry, Adnan Rashid. "Traitement d'image appliqué aux images d'autofluorescence dans le cadre de la Dégénérescence Maculaire Liée à l'Âge (DMLA)". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005958.
Testo completoRoussel, Clément. "Expérimentation d’un gravimètre mobile léger et novateur pour la mesure du champ de gravité en fond de mer". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1099/document.
Testo completoOne of the major challenges of modern gravimetry consists in determining mathematical models and digital maps of the Earth’s gravity field, the reliability of which is identical whatever the spatial scale considered in terrestrial, coastal, marine and submarine domains. Today, the harmonics of high degree corresponding to the short wavelengths of the gravity field are still affected by great uncertainties due to the diversity and the differences in precision and resolution of the gravimetric techniques making it possible to reach them. The main obstacle to improve the resolution and accuracy of models is that gravimetry and gradiometry mobile devices, the only instruments that allow homogeneous precision and spatial resolution acquisitions, are still bulky and energy-intensive, which prohibits their installation on terrestrial, aerial, surface and submarine drones. The interest of this type of carrier is to make acquisitions very close to the sources which considerably increases the restitution of the local variations of the gravity. The development of a new type of gravimetric sensor with small size and lower energy consumption appears therefore essential to answer the problematic posed by the measurement of the short wavelenghts of the gravity field.As part of its research in gravimetry, the Laboratoire Géomatique et Foncier (Cnam/GeF EA 4630), in collaboration with the Laboratory for Research Geodesy (LAREG) of the National Institute for Geographic and Forest Information (IGN), the Oceanic Domains Laboratory (LDO, UMR, CNRS 6538, UBO), the French Research Institute for the Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER) and the Marine Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM), develops an innovative instrument which allows the dynamic measurement of the Earth’s gravity field in the subsea domain.The system, called GraviMob (Gravimetry Mobile System), does not require a stabilized platform and is rigidly attached to the carrier vehicule, in this case an Autonomous Underwater Vehicule (AUV). The heart of the system consists of triads of accelerometers, allowing a vector measurement of the gravity. A Kalman filter, integrating the position and orientation data of the carrier vehicle, performs the estimation of the gravity field in a frame adapted to its interpretation. This instrumental prototype has been tested in the Mediterranean Sea during the year 2016. The comparison of the gravimetric signal obtained near the seabed with the surface gravimetric profiles, previously acquired by the SHOM, indicates a repeatability of the general trend of the gravimetric signal to within 5 mGal.This manuscript deals successively with the establishment of the observation equation of the GraviMob system, the calibration and orientation of the accelerometers, the gravity field estimation strategy by a Kalman filter, integrating an evolution model of the gravity field components and an observation model taking the measurement noise into account, the processing and analysis of the measurements acquired during its experimentation in the Mediterranean Sea, then the comparison of the gravimetric signal obtained with the reference data
Thomas, Marielle. "Biodétection en temps réel. Contribution à la réalisation d'un nouveau système de détection biologique précoce de la pollution des eaux de surface, fondé sur l'exploitation des décharges autostimulatrices d'un poisson électrique tropical : Apteronotus albifrons, Apteronotidae-Gymnotiformes". Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0018_THOMAS.pdf.
Testo completoChaudhry, Adnan Rashid. "Traitement d’image appliqué aux images d’autofluorescence dans le cadre de la Dégénérescence Maculaire Liée à l’Age (DMLA)". Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP1682.
Testo completoAge-related Macular Disease (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 55. In its early stages, the patients may still have no visual impairment. In advanced stages, a wet and a dry form have to be distinguished. The wet form is defined by the growth of new vessels under the retina. The dry form is characterized by atrophies often called geographic atrophies of the photoreceptors and the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. In both forms the central retina may be destroyed by subsequent photoreceptor degeneration with severe vision loss. In recent years, Fundus AutoFluorescence (FAF) imaging has shown to be useful for AMD, especially for dry AMD type with regards to diagnosis, documentation of changes, identification of disease progression, and monitoring of novel therapies. The FAF images of the retina are obtained with an angiograph equipped with a scanning laser of 488 nm wavelength (Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO)). The autofluorescence is emitted by the presence of a pigment (lipofuscin), which is a good indicator of the retinal activity. The FAF images are captured with a SLO in a sequence of 15-20 images, each having low signal to noise ratio and low contrast. The objective of the thesis is the development of tools for the automatic processing of FAF images. These tools will help the specialists in the diagnosis and follow up of the disease
Pommaret, Sabine. "Traitement documentaire et valorisation des fonds iconographiques anciens dans les bibliothèques l'exemple de la collection d'estampes de la B.M. de Bourges /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/pommaret.pdf.
Testo completoVigier, Jean-François. "Synthèse d’oxydes d’actinides en milieu chlorure fondu : études structurales et mécanismes réactionnels". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10051/document.
Testo completoThe study developed in this thesis concerns actinide oxides synthesis for nuclear fuel refabrication, and more specifically, the actinide (III) precipitation in molten salt LiCl-CaCl2 (30-70%mol) salt at 700°C using wet argon sparging. First, this conversion method is described for neodymium (III) and cerium (III) coconversion. The conversion rates are around 99.9%, and the obtained powders contain mixed oxychloride Ce1-xNdxOCl as main component, with a small amount of mixed oxide Ce1-xNdxO2-0.5x for the high cerium ratio. A second oxychloride CeIV(Nd0.7Ce0.3)IIIO3Cl is obtained in specific conditions and in very low quantity. The structure of this oxychloride is described in this study. The partially oxidative property of the conversion method induces the oxidation of a part of cerium (III) to oxidation state (IV). In the case of uranium (III) conversion by wet argon sparging, all the uranium is oxidized and give the oxide UO2 as single compound. The conversion rate for this element is over 99.9% in the molten chloride, but significant amount of uranium is lost by volatilization during the conversion. Finally, the U(III) and Pu(III) coconversion study shows the highest precipitation sensitivity of uranium (III) in comparison with plutonium (III), responsible of a successive conversion of the two elements, giving an oxide mixture of UO2 et PuO2 with quantitative conversion rate. Surprisingly, the conversion of Pu(III) in the same conditions led to a mixture of PuO2 and PuOCl, characteristic of a partial oxidation from Pu (III) to Pu (IV), in contrast with coconversion of U(III)-Pu(III)
Htira, Thouaiba. "Traitement d’eaux usées industrielles par congélation sur paroi froide". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1155/document.
Testo completoThis work aims to study a process of industrial wastewater treatment by melt crystallization on a cold wall. Two effluent model solutions are chosen: water/acetone and water/propionic acid binary mixtures. First, the solid liquid phase diagrams are determined experimentally in order to delimit the operating range of temperature and concentration. Then, a parametric study of the wastewater treatment process by freezing is performed, by means of an experimental design, for two working modes, static mode and dynamic mode by adding a recirculation loop, respectively. The impurity concentration in the ice is analyzed after each freezing cycle. The process requires applying very precise conditions and the ice concentration mainly depends on the initial solution concentration and on the applied cooling rate. The ice microstructure is also characterized by optical microscopy in a cold chamber and gives insights into the mechanism of impurity incorporation: the liquid inclusions are localized under the form of solution pockets at low growth rate or between the polycrystals at higher growth rate. Lastly, 2D axisymmetric modelling of the process in static mode, based on finite elements and taking into account the moving boundary, shows the presence of buoyancy loops in relation with the density dependence of the solution with temperature. In dynamic mode, the hydrodynamics in the annular space is described by a 3D model to account for the positions of the inlet and outlet pipes. All the results demonstrate the process feasibility and allow better understanding of the occurring phenomena
Ariunbaatar, Javkhlan. "Methods to enhance anaerobic digestion of food waste". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1176/document.
Testo completoTreatment of food waste by anaerobic digestion can lead to an energy production coupled to a reduction of the volume and greenhouse gas emissions from this waste type. Nevertheless, obtaining the highest possible methane recovery in a shorter time with a stable operation is challenging. To overcome the hurdles of AD of FW various pretreatment methods, supplementation of trace elements, bioaugmentation using zoo animals' dung and comparison of reactor configurations including one-stage and two-stage continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) as well as anaerobic membrane reactor (AnMBR) were studied in the scope of this research. Based on the results of the batch experiments, thermal pretreatment at 80°C for 1.5 hours yielded 46 – 52% higher biomethane production, and it is more energy efficient than ozonation or thermophilic shock pretreatments. Among the various tested concentrations and trace elements Fe (II) and Se (VI) concentrations of 25-50 ug/L resulted in 39 and 35% increase of biomethane production, respectively. A better solubilization of proteins (6.96 ± 2.76% more) and recalcitrant carbohydrates (344.85 ± 54.31 mg/L as compared to zero) could be obtained with bioaugmentation of giraffe dung (30% by volume), which yielded a 11.24 ± 4.51% higher biomethane production. A two-stage CSTR with digestate re-circulation performed better than one-stage with (i) a better pH self-adjusting capacity; (ii) a higher resistance to organic loading shocks; (iii) almost 100% volatile solids was destroyed as compared to 71% in one-stage CSTR; (iv) 50-60% methane content was obtained, while it was 40-50% in one-stage CSTR; (v) a small amount of hydrogen was also detected from the first stage of the two-stage reactor making it an attractive biohythane production system. Although physically separating the methanogens made them more sensitive to inhibitory factors, such as ammonium and propionic acid. Moreover, the long hydraulic retention time (HRT) is still the problem with these systems, hence an AnMBR equipped with a side-stream polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was proposed and a successful operation was achieved. Thanks to the membranes the HRT was able to be reduced from 20 d to 1d, while maintaining an overall removal efficiency of >97% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and yielded a higher biogas production with 70% methane content
Guilloux, Frédéric. "Analyse harmonique et Estimation spectrale sur la Sphère.Applications à l'étude du Fond diffus cosmologique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347673.
Testo completoLa localisation des needlets (récente construction d'ondelettes) sur la sphère est étudiée et optimisée en terme de concentration spatiale et d'estimation statistique. Ces fonctions sont ensuite utilisées pour construire un nouvel estimateur du spectre de puissance angulaire. L'examen des propriété de cet estimateur, d'un point de vue théorique (dans l'asymptotique des hautes fréquences angulaires) et pratique, montre qu'il améliore les méthodes existantes dans un modèle réaliste comportant des données manquantes et un bruit hétéroscédastique. A côté de l'estimation spectrale, l'utilisation des needlets est également introduite dans un problème de séparation de sources.
Après quatre chapitres introductifs (dédiés respectivement aux aspects physiques, analytiques et statistiques de l'étude du CMB, puis à une présentation d'ensemble des résultats), quatre articles de revue (en collaboration) sont présentés : "Practical wavelet design on the sphere" ; "CMB power spectrum estimation using wavelets" ; "Spectral estimation on the sphere with needlets: high frequency asymptotics" et "A full sky, low foreground, high resolution CMB map from WMAP".
Ferret, Olivier. "ANTHAPSI : un système d'analyse thématique et d'apprentissage de connaissances pragmatiques fondé sur l'amorçage". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189116.
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