Tesi sul tema "Traitement central"
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Darlot, Christian. "Traitement central des informations otolithiques". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604277g.
Testo completoPerrin-Terrin, Anne-Sophie. "Étude de la modulation par l’étonogestrel, l’érythropoïétine et la leptine de la réponse ventilatoire à l'hypercapnie. Détermination de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles pour le traitement des syndromes d’hypoventilation alvéolaire centrale". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD019.
Testo completoNon communiqué
Mathieu, Françoise J. "La maladie de Kashin-Beck: clinique, imagerie et traitement de kinésithérapie au Tibet Central". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211545.
Testo completoMoulédous, Lionel Dossin Olivier. "Effets d'un traitement chronique par la morphine sur le protéome des cellules de neuroblastome humain SH-SY5Y". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/1794/1/debouch_1794.pdf.
Testo completoLieutaud, Thomas. "Quelles potentialités thérapeutiques pour l'érythropoiétine recombinante dans le traitement des traumatismes du système nerveux central ?" Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670526.
Testo completoLieutaud, Thomas. "Quelles potentialités thérapeutiques pour l’érythropoiétine recombinante dans le traitement des traumatismes du système nerveux central ?" Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10010/document.
Testo completoErythropoietin (Epo) is an ubiquitous cytokine. It has endocrine, paracrin and autocrin functions. It improves antiapoptotic mechanisms on all tissues subjected to hypoxic stress. In many animal models of brain trauma but also in other brain injury models, and some human clinical studies, recombinant Human Epo (Epo-rh) has proven neuro-protective properties. The main goal of this work was to improve and incorporate Epo-rh in the pharmacological arsenal of treatment in brain and spinal cord traumatic injuries in human. In a first part, to explore the reasons of failure of inclusion in a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) study to test the thrombo-embolic tolerance and efficacy of Epo-rh, we studied the epidemiology of SCI using the road crash Rhône registry in the period 1997-2006. Then we compared the epidemiological trends of the SCI incidence, associated trauma, mortality and fatality rates in two periods of 6 years: 1995-2001 and 2003-2008. In a second part, due to the 20-fold higher incidence of traumatic brian injury (TBI) in comparison to SCI, we characterized the effects of a moderate (1.6-1.8 atm) lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) in order to understand and characterize the pharmacological, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of action of Epo-rh in such a brain injury
Quentin, Thomas. "Etude des effets d'un traitement associé de benzodiazépine (clorazépate) à un traitement de substitution aux opiacés (buprénorphine) sur les récepteurs centraux opioïdes de types mu, delta et kappa chez le rat". Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2008.
Testo completoBuprenorphine (BPN), a substitution therapy for heroin addicts, is largely abused and misused specially in association with benzodiazépines (BZDs). With the aim to explain this craving, we investigated the regulation of opioid receptors subtypes µ, δ and κ induced by dipotassium clorazepate (CRZ) alone or in combination with BPN. Wistars rats were injected acutely (once a day) or chronically (21 days) with CRZ (i. P. ; 20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with BPN (s. C. ; 0,15 mg/kg). Using a β-imager, we investigated the binding parameters (Bmax and Kd) of three specific tritiated radioligands on rat brain sections. Our results showed that a) CRZ acts on density of opioid receptors and/or affinity of specific ligands b) the down- and/or up-regulation induced by BPN and the opioid ligands affinity were quantitatively modified when CRZ was added to BPN c) effects on opioid receptors were region dependent. Opioid receptors structures are implicated in different hedonic behaviors and their regulation modified by a BZD could explain the abuse of BPN-BZD association
Lamy, Julien. "Calcul du chemin central du côlon pour une analyse locale des pathologies". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/LAMY_Julien_2005.pdf.
Testo completoColon cancer is one of the most frequent cause of cancer, for both genders. The standard exam to detect cancerous or pre-cancerous structures is optical colonoscopy, which has a low acceptance among patients, and presents risks of colon perforation. It is moreover often impossible to reach the cæcum, which forbids a complete analysis of the colon. Virtual colonoscopy techniques, appeared in the last ten years, allow to replace the optical colonoscopy exam by a CT or MR exam. A physician can then navigate inside the colon, without the limitations due to optical colonoscopy:the navigation is no more limitted by the presence of the endoscope, the whole colon can thus be explored, and the structures can be viewed from every angle. The first part of this thesis present different methods to segment the colon lumen, based on photometric criteria. Global and local methods are presented, leading to a common segmentation framework for CT and MR images. The second part concerns the detection of the central path. We present a skeletonization and pruning algorithm of the colon, then an algorithm to remove the loops resulting from imperfections in the original image. The third part concerns the local detection of cancerous structures. So that we can work locally, we give an algorithm to cover the colon with sections that are orthogonal to its central path. These sections allow us to propose local detection methods for cancerous structures
Cabre, Philippe. "Epidémiologie, phénotype et traitement des affections inflammatoires démyélinisantes primitives du système nerveux central aux Antilles françaises". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0511/document.
Testo completoIntroduction: Aim of the study is to describe épidemiology, phenotype and treatment of demyelinating inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) namely multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in French West Indies.Epidemiology: MS emerged in the French West Indian (FWI) population with an incidence of 1.27/100 000 (CI 95%: 1.16-1.38) for the period 1992-2007 while incidence of NMO remained stable at 0.19/100,000 (CI 95%: 0.15–0.23). Both migration in Metropolitean France (MF) and decrease of sun exposure were risk factors for MS acquisition in FWI. Phenotype and treatment of NMO: NMO is a very rapidly disabling disease with median times to reach DSS 3, 6 and 8 of one year, 8 years and 22 years respectively. However, treatment by plasma exchanges were shown to reduce sequellae of NMO attacks ; mitoxantrone and rituximab reduced significantly annualized relapse rate (ARR) from 1.7 to 0.29 (p<10-4) and from 1,34 to 0,56 (p=0.0005) respectively, improving dramatically natural course of NMO.Phenotype and treatment of MS: Absence of Migration in MF in MS patients was found to be the strongest independent predictive factor of disability progression to DSS 6 (hazard ratio, 2.59; p=0.0002); beside short time to DSS3 (p=0.005), later age at onset (p=0.005), and multi-symptomatic onset (p=0.03). Treatment of MS by interferon beta-1 had a moderate impact in MS while natalizimab proved to be highly effective by reducing drastically ARR and inflammatory parameters on magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: Spectrum of demyelinating inflammatory disorders of CNS has reversed in French West Indies with overrepresentation of MS. Agressive therapy is needed to improve prognosis of NMO. Rapidly increasing of its incidence makes MS a new public health problem in French West Indies
Byrdina, Svetlana. "Anomalous Self-Potential variations related to activity of Merapi volcano (Central Java)". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GLOB0006.
Testo completoThe thesis is devoted to the analysis of the continuous Self-Potential (SP) monitoring date registered on Merapi volcano, with the purpose to identify related to volcanic activity SP signals. The comparison between SP and meteorolopical parameters shows that the most prominent features in the SP data are produced by rain water infiltration and air pressure. Special techniques of data processing were developed to reduce the meteorological influence on the SP. To identify the signals associated with volcanic activity, the SP time series were compared to broadband seismicity. A statistically stable relationship was found between anomalous SP signals and ultra-long-period (ULP) seismicity with dominant periods <100s. In contrast, the anomalies were not present in ground temperature data nor in SP data recorded 1km from the summit. The occurrence of SP anomalies associated with ULP-seismicity might be caused by the electro-kinetic effect of fluid flow in subsurface near the lava dome
Lyphout-Spitz, Morgan. "Aux origines de la limitation centrale du traitement de l'information : représentation et préparation des tâches". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCC040.
Testo completoIndividuals often encounter difficulties when they attempt to do several tasks at once. These difficulties have been attributed to limitations in the ability to process information. More specifically, a well-established constraint has been identified at the central level of information processing, that is the level of operations enabling adaptation. The literature reports the ubiquity of this central limitation. However, there exist exceptions: tasks that are very easy or highly practiced have sometimes permitted the diminution of dual-task difficulties. In this dissertation, we question the meaning of these exceptions: are they merely exceptions to the general rule of a central limitation or, on the contrary, do they reflect a more general phenomenon? Does the central limitation truly reflect the presence of a structural constraint inherent to cognitive architecture? A novel hypothesis this dissertation aims to develop, and test, is that of a central limitation considered from the angle of task preparation. This hypothesis gives an important place to the role of preparation which might enable the tasks representations to be more easily loaded into working memory and thus to be processed more automatically. To this end, in a first study, we examine the moderating role of ideomotor compatibility on the magnitude of dual-task interference. We developped different behavioral indicators and cognitive simulations, whose results converge in favor of the automaticity of ideomotor-compatible tasks. In a second study, we asked whether the automaticity is due to the specificity of the stimulus-response (S-R) association, or to the ease with which S-R associations can be preloaded in working memory. To do so, we created tasks that are very easy but non-ideomotor (semantic tasks) and tested their automaticity. The results converge in favor of the automaticity of semantic tasks. If automaticity is due to the ease of S-R associations preloading, as suggested by the two first studies of this dissertation, then tasks with truly arbitrary S-R associations can be processed automatically in conditions facilitating their loading into working memory; conditions boosting their preparation. This proposal led us to formulate a new hypothesis of dual-task interference: the preparation-neglect hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, a lack of preparation is the cause of dual-task interference. To test it, we carried out a third series of four experiments in which we used the same two nonpracticed arbitrary tasks through four conditions. The first condition consisted in performing only classic dual-task trials. The second condition aimed at optimizing the preparation of the task the most slowed down in a classic dual-task condition (i.e., Task 2), by introducing single-task trials on Task 2 randomly intermixed with dual-task trials. Two supplemental conditions aimed at confirming the key role of preparation. In accordance with prevailing theories, a central limitation was present in the classic dual-task conditions. But in the conditions boosting the preparation of Task 2, the central limitation disappeared in almost half of the participants. This result goes against the predictions of prevailing theories, but is in line with our novel hypothesis of preparation neglect. As a whole, the works of this thesis progressively enabled us to glimpse and validate the preparation-neglect hypothesis. This novel hypothesis of dual-task interference offers new perspectives on attention, whose functioning is primarily ruled by the ways individuals represents and prepare upcoming tasks and actions
George, Isabelle. "Traitement des signaux acoustiques de communication dans le système nerveux central de l'étourneau sansonnet (Sturnus vulgaris) : une approche neuroéthologique". Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132002.
Testo completoZouaoui, Sonia. "Epidémiologie clinique des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central et en particulier des gliomes". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT002.
Testo completoGliomas have devastating consequences. Morbidity and mortality are high. Gliomas represent a complex heterogeneous group of pathologic entities and no underlying cause has been identified for the majority of them. Epidemiologic data vary from study to study. The number of each histological subtype is too small, even for a big neurosurgical center, to allow a good research on each subtype of glioma. Oncological and clinical specificities (epilepsy, cognitive disorders, motor impairments, etc) require a specific care and analysis. Indeed, we need to collect and record all new cases and follow up in large area, to allow good basic and clinical studies. Furthermore, population study is the only way to know what clinicians do to the patients, and make possible evaluating the medical care. The French societies involved in Neuro-Oncology (Société Française de Neurochirurgie, Société Française de Neuropathologie, Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française) have recently created the French Brain Tumor DataBase (FBTDB). The main objective of the FBTDB is to prospectively record all primary central nervous system tumors (PCNST), in France, for which histological diagnosis is available (1-3). The long-term goals of the FBTDB are to create a histological national registry and a national network to (1) perform epidemiological studies, (2) implement a new database and use it for setting up both clinical and basic research protocols, (3) allow the evaluation of the medical practices of an area or of the entire country, and (4) harmonize the healthcare of patients affected by PCNST at the higher level. The present PhD student, Sonia Zouaoui, will focus her work on gliomas. First, she will collect data, and will analyze prognostic factors, survival and oncological patterns of care for patients with newly diagnosed glioma in France. Secondly, she will participate in the study of geographical distribution of the main types of glioma and in search of causal factors. Thirdly, she will conduct an inventory of cryopreserved material available for translational research
Huré, Kathleen. "Traitement de l'information sociale et statuts dans le bullying chez les adolescents". Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2012/document.
Testo completoBullying is an insidiously aggressive behavior characterized by repetitiveness, asymmetry (a bully dominating his victim) and intent to do harm (Olweus, 1993). Any individual concerned will fall into one of four categories: bully, victim, bully/victim or not involved. If numerous researchers have taken an interest in the psychopathological impact of bullying on its victims, there have been few studies devoted to the differences in the psychology of adolescents depending on their status in bullying. Our research refers to the theoretical pattern of Crick and Dodge (1994) to process social information. They contend the information will be processed in six stages in interaction with the central nervous system which involves the regulation of emotions and the command of social skills. We have carried out two experiments. In the course of semi-Structured individual interviews, seven hundred and seventeen (717) secondary school students answered different sets of questions about bullying and social information processing mechanisms. In both studies we have performed statistical analyses. The main results show different types of information processing depending on the status in bullying
Delhommeau, Karine. "L'apprentissage auditif de la discrimination fréquentielle et son transfert : application à l'étude des mécanismes de la perception et du traitement de l'information". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066088.
Testo completoLejeune, Olivier. "Automatisation de la quantification histologique par analyse d'image : application à l'étude du mécanisme de la mort neuronale dans la maladie de Parkinson". Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120003.
Testo completoDavid, Pierre-Marie. "Le traitement de l'oubli : épreuve de l'incorporation des antirétroviraux : et temporalités des traitements du sida en Centrafrique". Thèse, Lyon 1, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10559.
Testo completoThis thesis proposes an ethnographic description and a sociological analysis of the arrival of antiretroviral (ARV) in Bangui. It highlights the encounter between an international program with an unprecedented scale and a local society hardly hit by the HIV infection. The qualitative approach, based on three years of fieldwork from 2005 to 2011, aims at answering the following question: what are ARVs really the incorporation of? Treatment programs represent a therapeutic power that is structured as a « politics of life » linking medicines, NGOs and postcolonial history. The distance between the claims and the realities of therapeutic power explains the ambivalence felt in the biological and social inclusion though ARVs. Eventually, we observe that the therapeutic power in the Central African social context is less characterized by exclusive biomedical forms of subjectivity than by a fragmented process of individuation based on flexible, demonstrative and forgetful biomedical practices It appears then increasingly clear that international programs for the treatment of HIV infection contribute to produce oblivion or more precisely write oblivion with "scriptural practices", which is to say the oblivion of individual stories embedded in insurmountable social inequality, but also the omission of a longer history which shows that HIV infection is the incorporation of a colonial past. Taking time to recognize these temporalities of treatment then appears increasingly necessary to build a present that empowers, rather than repeats.
Réalisé en co-tutelle avec le laboratoire Santé-Individu-Société, Ecole doctorale Interdisciplinaire Sciences et Santé, Université de Lyon, avec l'obtention du grade de docteur en sociologie.
Neasta, Jérémie. "Effet d’un traitement à la morphine sur le protéome de cellules de neuroblastome humain SH-SY5Y". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30147.
Testo completoMorphine is widely used for its pharmacologic properties but a chronic treatment leads to side effects such as tolerance and dependence which restrict clinical use. In order to understand the molecular basis of these side effects, we have analysed the impacts of a morphine treatment on the proteome and phosphoproteome prepared from SH-SY5Y cells. Using a differential proteomic strategy we have shown that chronic drug treatment induces a proteasomal dependent degradation of Gbeta and Ggamma2 proteins. Furthermore, G beta degradation was highly correlated with adenylyl cyclase sensitization, a phenomenon known to be involved in morphine dependence. Overall, our proteomic analysis has detected about fifty proteins and hundred phosphoproteins modulated by a morphine treatment. In conclusion, my PhD work has highlighted a new molecular mechanism underlying adenylyl cyclase sensitization and suggests for the first time that the proteasome pathway is involved in long-term morphine adaptations
Dembri, Ahcène. "Influence de la thyroidectomie et d'un traitement substitutif sur les activites subcellulaires cerebrales chez le rat et le singe adultes". Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05S001.
Testo completoShachykov, Andrii. "Neural modeling of human motor coordination inspired by biological signals aiming for parkinsonian gaits". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0291.
Testo completoMy thesis aims to simulate the impact of motor disorders on the human gait to help non-invasive diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Indeed, the simulation of the human locomotor system helps to deepen our understanding of the functioning of the human body by providing biological, biomechanical and kinematic data that would be difficult to collect otherwise and by helping to evaluate the coordination of a patient's movements to predict its condition after surgery. The goal of my thesis is, more specifically, to create a new platform for neuro-musculoskeletal simulation of the human locomotor system to reproduce healthy or altered walking gaits by Parkinson's disease or by disorders of the musculoskeletal system or locomotor disorders. The work presented includes several matters. Firstly, the main principles of the nervous system that control human locomotion are reviewed, by focusing on neural structures located in the brain and which are the sources of parkinsonian disorders. The neural controller of the simulation platform is based on an original model of central pattern generator (CPG) inspired by the spinal locomotor network and developed at LORIA in recent years. The musculoskeletal simulators are used in this thesis to obtain a closed-loop physical simulation of the locomotor system walking on the ground and whose proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensory feedback is used by the CPGs. The musculoskeletal simulator GAIT2DE was used with the OpenSim simulator which is more realistic and more used in Biomechanics field. The simulated gait analysis and controller parameter optimization are concerned followed by the results obtained with the simulators. These results show that it is possible to generate different walking patterns that are relatively stable and coordinated by modifying the neuronal parameters of GPCs. The simulation platform will allow to simulate abnormal gait due to different causes such as neurodegenerative diseases or the impact of the addition of artificial limbs (prostheses) and surgical interventions
Cotton, François. "Anatomie in vivo de l'encéphale et de la voûte en IRM : quantification informatisée et normalisation". Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10006.
Testo completoMonguilhott, Michele. "Avaliação de alterações na superfície agrícola a partir da técnica RCEN, em municípios do território da cidadania região central/RS". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/155987.
Testo completoPara análise da dinâmica territorial, é fundamental uma grande quantidade de dados e a integração com dados espaciais e estatísticos, facilita esse processo. A tese propõe analisar, a dinâmica da superfície agrícola de municípios do Território da Cidadania Região Central-RS (TCRCRS), território este que, faz parte de uma política pública de territórios da cidadania. Essa dinâmica, será analisada a partir de uma técnica de detecção de mudança, conhecida por Rotação Controlada por Eixo de Não Mudança - RCEN. Assim, a tese objetiva avaliar as alterações na superfície agrícola, no período de 1985 a 2010, em municípios do TCRCRS, utilizando o algoritmo RCEN. As seguintes etapas metodológicas, foram implementadas: utilização de imagens diferentes, para obtenção de pixeis amostrais de não mudança; análise qualitativamente da organização da superfície agrícola, para os municípios de Cacequi, Santiago e Tupanciretã, selecionados por sua localização em diferentes subunidades de paisagem no Estado; definição dos limiares, para delimitação das classes temáticas da organização espacial da superfície agrícola e, avaliação da confiabilidade dos resultados da técnica RCEN, utilizada pra determinar, a precisão da classificação supervisionada das imagens TM Landsat 5, através de uma matriz de concatenação. A matriz, é baseada em álgebra de mapas de tal maneira, a obter uma imagem numérica final que, expresse todas as possibilidades do espaço amostral. Os resultados, mostraram que, com 1% de significância, a técnica RCEN pode ser utilizada, para detectar a dinâmica na superfície agrícola, utilizando limiares de vigor vegetativo da IDETEC, comparados aos resultados dos índices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), que foi obtido considerando, o total de chuvas antecedentes a passagem do sensor, que é uma variável que interfere, nos valores médios de NDVI. Foram geradas imagens de detecção de mudanças (IDETEC), para analisar culturas agrícolas de inverno e de verão, obtendo-se 99% de confiança nas imagens selecionadas, para a distribuição espacial das classes definidas pela adoção dos limiares de ( - 0,5σ; – 1,5σ ; + 0,5σ; + 1,5σ), utilizando a como ponto central da classe de não mudança. As imagens de detecção de mudanças, permitiram estimar e comparar as classes da IDETEC, com as estimativas do total de área plantada, de lavouras temporárias, das culturas agrícolas de arroz, aveia, milho, soja e trigo As áreas obtidas pela IDETEC em Tupanciretã, superestimaram a área agrícola, apresentada pelo IBGE, nas imagens de verão com variações percentuais entre 1,11% na IDETEC 1994/2009 e 8,13% na IDETEC 2004/2010, para as imagens de inverno, a alteração foi de 9,46% na IDETEC 1989/2007 e de 3,44% na IDETEC 1996/2005. No município de Cacequi, as variações percentuais de lavouras temporárias foram superestimadas nas imagens de verão em 7,71% na IDETEC 1986/2006 e 20,47% na IDETEC 1993/2005 e, subestimadas nas imagens de inverno em 9,42% na IDETEC 1985/2003 e em 18,11% na IDETEC 1996/2007. Em Santiago, foram subestimadas para o período de verão em 24,76% na IDETEC 1984/2009 e, para o período de inverno em 10,52%, na IDETEC 1996/2005 e superestimadas em 8,23% na IDETEC 2004/2010 e, em 26,12% para a imagem de inverno IDETEC 1989/2007. A técnica RCEN, demonstrou ser capaz de estimar alterações na superfície agrícola, de culturas anuais para os municípios de Cacequi, Santiago e Tupanciretã.
For the analysis of territorial dynamics, a great amount of data is fundamental, and the integration of spatial and statistical data facilitates this process. This thesis proposes to analyze the dynamic of the agricultural surface in the Citizenship Country in the Central Area of Rio Grande do Sul (CCCARS), a country that is part of a public policy of citizenship countries. This dynamics will be analyzed by a change detection technique, known as Rotation Controlled of Non-change Axis (RCNA).Thus, this thesis aims to evaluate the alterations in the agricultural surface, in the period from 1985 to 2010, in CCCARS cities, using the RCNA algorithm. The following methodological steps were implemented: the use of different images in order to obtain non-change sampling pixeis; qualitative analysis of the organization of the agricultural surface in the cities of Cacequi, Santiago and Tupanciretã, which were selected due to their location in different subunits of landscapes in the State; determination of thresholds for the delimitation of thematic clusters in the spatial organization of the agricultural surface; and the evaluation of the reliability of the results of RCNA technique, which was used to determine the accuracy of the supervised classification of Landsat TM 5 images through a concatenating matrix. The matrix is based on the map algebra in such manner that expresses all the possibilities of the sampling space. The results showed that with 1% of significance, the RCNA technique can be used to detect the dynamics of the agricultural surface using threshold of the vigor of the vegetative growth compared with the results of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which were obtained considering the total amount of rain previous to the sensor scanning, which is a variable that interferes in the medium values of NDVI. It was created images of changes detection (IDETEC) in order to analyze summer and winter agricultural crops, obtaining 99% of reliability on the selected images, for the special distribution of the defined clusters by the adoption of the threshold values of de ( - 0,5σ; – 1,5σ ; + 0,5σ; + 1,5σ), using the as a central point of nonchange cluster. The change detection images enabled to estimate and compare IDETEC clusters with the estimate of the total planted area of temporary farm, agricultural crop of rice, oat, corn, soybean and wheat. The areas obtained by IDETEC in Tupanciretã overestimated the agricultural area presented by IBGE, with summer images with percentage variance among 1,11% on IDETEC 1994/2009 and 8,13% on IDETEC 2004/2010, for the winter images, the alteration was of 9,46% on IDETEC 1989/2007 and of 3,44% on IDETEC 1996/2007. In the city of Cacequi, the percentage variance of the temporary farms were overestimated on the summer images in 7,71% on IDETEC 1986/2006 and 20,47% on IDETEC 1993/2005 and , and overestimated on the winter images in 9,42% on IDETEC 1985/2003 and in 18,11% on IDETEC 1996/2007. In Santiago, they were underestimated for the summer period in 24,76% on IDETEC 1984/2009 and , for the winter period in 10,52%, on IDETEC 1996/2005 e and overestimated in 8,23% on IDETEC 2004/2010 and, in 26,12% for the winter image IDETEC 1989/2007. The RCNA technique showed itself to be capable of estimating the agricultural surface alteration in annual crops in the cities of Cacequi, Santiago e Tupanciretã.
Rossel, Olivier. "Dispositifs de mesure et d’interprétation de l'activité d'un nerf". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20076/document.
Testo completoIn the context of sensory or motor deficiencies, some technologic solutions can be proposed in case pharmacology and surgery are inefficient. Neuroprostheses are one of these technologic solutions. It consists in devices interfacing the (peripheral or central) nervous system, either acting on it (functional electric stimulation, neuromodulation...), or recording neuro-signals (automated prosthesis control, closed-loop stimulation...).The work presented in this manuscript focuses on the latter, and more precisely, on recording neuro-signals from peripheral nerves. Today, the only implantable device that can be used for chronic recording on human peripheral nervous system is the tripolar cuff electrode.Unfortunately, it is sensitive to the nerve global activity and exhibits a very low selectivity. More selective devices, like intrafascicular electrodes, exist, but has the drawback to be more traumatizing for the nerve.Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to develop a device associating the selectivity of intrafascicular electrode together with the low invasivity of cuff electrode.We thus started to perform simulations of the extracellular action potential of myelinated axons, putting in evidence a "local phenomenon", already described in some previous publications, and decreasing very quickly with the distance. Then, we have designed and studied a simple neural interface based on the characteristics of this local phenomenon, and specifically sensitive to it.The results have allowed us to propose an extraneural electrode, promising a selectivity index far higher than today's state of the art.Unfortunately, the gain in selectivity leads also to the degradation of signal-to-noise ratio. We have thus studied solutions to reduce noise at the electrode interface, and presented the architecture of a low-noise multi-channel acquisition circuit fitting our requirements.Finally, we have built the artificial model of an axon in order to experimentally validate simulation results, as well as the the local phenomenon characteristics
Grimard, Jean-Sébastien. "Signification fonctionnelle de l'onde P50 des potentiels évoqués auditifs /". Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2004. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=18356499.
Testo completoEl-Khoury, Myriam. "Peripheral and central mechanisms involved in post-traumatic stress disorder and its treatment by eye-movement desensitization & reprocessing". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20664/document.
Testo completoAlthough most people encounter at least one traumatic event over their lifetime, not all of them will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Lifetime prevalence of full-blown PTSD, known as an anxiety disorder, is in fact around 10%. In addition to accidents, aggression, grief, rape, fires, traumatic events can be caused by natural (flooding, earthquake…) or man-made stressors (war, terrorism…). With the contemporary rise in traumatic sources the World Health Organization recent reports describe PTSD as an increasing global health issue, due to its high frequency, severity, comorbidity and cost. A body of research has thus started investigating various aspects of PTSD concerned with intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, emotional deficits, cognitive disturbances and memory issues. Similarly to other mental health problems, much remains unknown about PTSD, and similarly to other anxiety disorders it is marked by excessive fear. It comes as no surprise that the most prevalent hypothesis in PTSD is that of a fear-processing deficit. Conceptualizing PTSD as a fear disorder can be phenomenologically quite narrow. It has been nonetheless pragmatic in allowing thorough translational research from animal to bench-side and clinical studies. Most studies have suggested that central and peripheral impairments in PTSD revolve around altered neural fear processing network. These alterations involve mechanisms implicated in fear conditioning, as well as emotional and attentional processing, all of which are altered in PTSD
Cardinaux, David. "Etude et modélisation numérique 3D par éléments finis d’un procédé de traitement thermique de tôles embouties après chauffage par induction : application à un renfort de pied central automobile". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345259.
Testo completoHeat treatment of steel after localised induction heating is now a widespread process - especially in the automotive industry. This process has proved its reliability in the context of massive parts, but the distortions generated are still often insufficiently controlled when dealing with thin sheets. PSA-Peugeot-Citroen is interested in the analysis and understanding of the phenomena involved, as well as the numerical simulation of such processes. It is therefore within this framework and in within a partnership between PSA and CEMEF that this work has taken place, using as an application the heat treatment of centre pillars. Such a complex process requires the understanding of heat transfer, solid mechanics, metallurgy, electromagnetism, and their mutual interactions for heating as well as cooling. This work lies at the crossroads of several disciplines such as thermomechanics and electromagnetism, as well as numerical methods and experimental study. It follows various projects carried out in the laboratory dealing with heat transfer or mechanics, as well as a previous thesis focused on a coupled numerical model for quenching. It is also a first 3D approach for induction heating processes and related multiphysics couplings. The presentation of this work is divided into three main parts. We first describe the industrial context, the problematic and the previous studies carried out on this process, getting then to experimental studies conducted within this work: one is aimed at the industrial process and the other on a simplified model we have developed in order to understand better the physical phenomena which create distortions. These experimental studies, which have provided us with many results, underscore the need for a numerical model in order to gat a better in-depth understanding of the physics involved in the process. We then have three chapters devoted to the finite element models developed and used in our computer tool in order to simulate the coupled problems: heat transfer/electromagnetism, solid mechanics/metallurgy as well as the whole coupled structure. The third and last part of this report deals on one hand with the setting up of a semi-industrial cases as well as material parameters identification, and on the other hand with numerical results obtained and their comparison with experimental results. This model enables us to estimate in a first approach the distortions undergone by a thin structure during localized induction heat treatment. The present computer tool provides us with a solid basis for future developments enabling us to tackle with complex industrial problems
Cardinaux, David. "Étude et modélisation numérique 3D par éléments finis d'un procédé de traitement thermique de tôles embouties après chauffage par induction : Application à un renfort de pied central automobile". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345259.
Testo completoMavoungou, Roger. "Contribution a l'etude de la substance noire reticulee : controle exerce sur cette structure par le striatum : modification de son activite apres lesion de la voie nigrostriee ou traitement par un neuroleptique". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066409.
Testo completoBurnod, Yves. "Modèle de cortex cérébral et implémentation sur un réseau de processeurs parallèles". Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE0005.
Testo completoZarrouki, Faouzi. "Dystrophine et système nerveux central : vers un traitement par saut d’exon des défauts cognitifs de la myopathie de Duchenne Efficacy and Safety Profile of Tricyclo-DNA Antisense Oligonucleotides in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Model Long term efficacy of AAV9-U7snRNA mediated exon 51 skipping in Mdx52 mice Gene therapy for central nervous system dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV102.
Testo completoDuchenne muscular dystrophy mainly results in a degeneration of the entire skeletal and cardiac musculature but is also associated with various degrees of cognitive impairment. The objective of this doctoral project is to understand the role of dystrophin in the central nervous system (CNS) for both fundamental and therapeutic purposes if the defects observed are found to be reversible. Our laboratory is developing a new class of antisense oligonucleotides: tricyclo-DNA (tcDNA). In the mdx mouse model, we have shown that these tcDNAs have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and restore a functional truncated dystrophin in the CNS. We used these tcDNAs to explore the behaviour and evolution of cognitive functions of mice treated with systemic or locoregional injections. We have shown that following an injection of tcDNA into the CNS, a restoration of cerebral dystrophin is possible. In addition, this restoration allows the correction of some emotional and cognitive deficits. Interestingly, in mice treated intravenously and therefore expressing lower levels of dystrophin in the CNS, only the emotional deficit could be corrected.A second part of the project was dedicated to a better understanding of the role of dystrophin in the formation of GABAA receptor clusters. We show that the absence of cerebral dystrophin disrupts the level of expression and the formation of clusters of several subunits composing the GABAA receptors. These promising results open up interesting prospects for future therapies to correct the emotional and cognitive deficits observed in many patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Prima, Sylvain. "étude de la symétrie bilatérale en imagerie cérébrale volumique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636169.
Testo completoAarabi, Ardalan. "Détection et classification spatiotemporelle automatique d'évènements EEG pour l'analyse de sources d'activité cérébrale chez le nouveau-né et l'enfant". Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIED002.
Testo completoNeonates, especially the premature ones, are at high risk of brain damage and life-long cognitive disability. Concerning the full-term neonates, neurological pathologies are often accompanied by epileptic manifestations. These newborns may be impaired in other domains including coordination, cognition and behavior. EEG is a useful non-invasive tool to measure the electrical activity of the brain. In this thesis, we developed tools to identify normal and pathological EEG events in neonates and children. We paid a special attention to detect (i) seizures by using specific age-dependant features of the newborn EEG, (ii) brain epileptic states and (iii) short-term events like spikes and spike-and-waves for each state. We characterized EEG events by extracting a set of contextual features in order to classify them. Then, the location of cerebral generators was found and tracked by spatial clustering of the equivalent dipoles of the EEG events in different brain states. The results showed good sensitivities and selectivities with a low false detection rates in neonates and children
Denizot, Audrey. "Simulation de la signalisation calcique dans les prolongements fins astrocytaires". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI093/document.
Testo completoAstrocytes are predominant glial cells in the central nervous system, which are essential for the formation of synapses, participate to the blood-brain barrier and maintain the metabolic, ionic and neurotransmitter homeostasis. Recently, astrocytes have emerged as key elements of information processing in the central nervous system. Astrocytes can contact neurons at synapses and modulate neuronal communication via the release of gliotransmitters and the uptake of neurotransmitters. The use of super-resolution microscopy and highly sensitive genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) has revealed a striking spatiotemporal diversity of Ca2+ signals in astrocytes. Most astrocytic signals occur in processes, which are the sites of neuron-astrocyte communication. Those processes are too fine to be resolved by conventional light microscopy so that super-resolution microscopy and computational modeling remain the only methodologies to study those compartments. The work presented in this thesis aims at investigating the effect of spatial properties (as e.g cellular geometry, molecular distributions and diffusion) on Ca2+ signals in those processes, which are deemed essential in such small volumes. Historically, Ca2+ signals were modeled with deterministic well-mixed approaches, which enabled the study of Ca2+ signals in astrocytic networks or whole-cell events. Those methods however ignore the stochasticity inherent to molecular interactions as well as diffusion effects, which both play important roles in small volumes. In this thesis, we present the spatially-extended stochastic model that we have developed in order to investigate Ca2+ signals in fine astrocytic processes. This work was performed in collaboration with experimentalists that performed electron as well as super-resolution microscopy. The model was validated against experimental data. Simulations of the model suggest that (1) molecular diffusion, strongly influenced by the concentration and kinetics of endogenous and exogenous buffers, (2) intracellular spatial organization of molecules, notably the co-clustering of Ca2+ channels, (3) ER geometry and localization within the cell, (4) cellular geometry strongly influence Ca2+ dynamics and can be responsible for the striking diversity of astrocytic Ca2+ signals. This work contributes to a better understanding of astrocyte Ca2+ signals, a prerequisite for understanding neuron-astrocyte communication and its influence on brain function
Khemiri, Hanan. "Caractérisation des effets périphériques et centraux de l'érythropoïétine sur la sensibilité chimique à l'O2 et au CO2". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5034.
Testo completoErythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine that plays a major role in O2 homeostasis. Upon chronic hypoxia, EPO stimulates the maturation of erythroid progenitors into red blood cells, contributing to increased O2 carrying to tissues. Besides this well-known erythropoietic effect, EPO also modulates the respiratory response to hypoxia by interacting with the central respiratory network in the brainstem and the peripheral chemoreceptors. This effect was mainly characterized in adult mutant mice that overexpress EPO. Several aspects regarding EPO's effect on breathing regulation remain unknown. Our results show that acute EPO treatment increases the O2 sensitivity of the central respiratory network in newborn mice in vitro. However, EPO does not impact the hypoxic ventilatory response to hypoxia in vivo, but decreases the apneic events during severe hypoxia in mice at postnatal day 7. In WT adults, chronic but not acute EPO and C-EPO treatment increases the O2 sensitivity by stimulating both peripheral chemoreceptor and central respiratory network. Finally, both cerebral and plasmatic EPO blunt the ventilatory response to increased CO2 levels in adult mice. Taken together, these results imply that EPO, by acting on the ventilatory system, plays a key role in the modulation of the chemical sensitivity to O2 and CO2
Légaré, Andrée-Anne. "Traitements de groupes incluant des joueurs et des toxicomanes : retombées du traitement et exploration des facteurs thérapeutiques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29951.
Testo completoFleury, Sylvain. "Le rôle de l’utilisateur dans les systèmes de traitements automatiques". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20001/document.
Testo completoAutomatic symbol recognition can currently be applied to a wide range of technical documents (music scores, electrical diagrams, etc.). Automatizing this kind of task can help some professionals save time (Lu et al., 2005), but it can also generate a loss of situation awareness among operators (Endsley, 1995). Furthermore, as these systems sometimes interpret symbols incorrectly (Lu, Tai, Su, & Cai, 2005; Orbay & Kara, 2011), humans need to be able to intervene in the process to correct any errors as and when they arise. The objective of this thesis was to improve our understanding of the human-machine interactions elicited by this kind of task, in order to determine how best to enhance system performance. We conducted a series of studies during the development of a user-centred design (ISO 9241-210, 2010) of automatic interpretation software for architectural plans. These studies were set within a heterogeneous theoretical framework bringing together cognitive psychology, human-machine interactions and the ergonomics of the multimedia documents. The results they yielded led to several recommendations for designing recognition systems. For instance, superimposing the interpretation on the interpreted document makes it easier to cross-check the information. Furthermore, allowing users to monitor the interpretation process in real time and interrupt it at any point increases performances. Finally, while the highlighting of potential errors can also be beneficial, it can also make users over-confident and thus less watchful
Personnaz, Léon. "Etude des réseaux de neurones formels : conception, propriétés et applications". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066569.
Testo completoCapman, François. "Étude et réalisation de fonctions "mains-libres" adaptables à tout type de terminaux téléphoniques". Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10209.
Testo completoBoire, Jean-Yves. "Recueil et analyse des electrogrammes visuels". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E382.
Testo completoDesmarais, Julie. "La planification du traitement auprès des détenus fédéraux incarcérés en centre de traitement psychiatrique : situation du Centre régional de santé mentale de la région du Québec". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6453.
Testo completoVallet, William. "Étude électroencéphalographique des processus du traitement émotionnel en psychopathie infra-clinique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28357.
Testo completoIntroduction: Psychopathy is a frequent and disabling mental disorder. The prevalence of the disorder is 1 to 2% of the general population (Neuman et Hare, 2008). Within incarcerated population the prevalence can reach 15 to 20 % (Coid et al., 2009; Sullivan & Kosson, 2009). Psychopathy is characterized by a set of affective, relational, and behavioural symptoms (Hare et al., 1996). A key feature of psychopathy across all the international classifications (DSM, OCD-10) is disturbance in emotional processing. Two different hypothesis can be regarded as the potential origin for neurocognitive deficits in psychopathy. In the first hypothesis, functional and structural abnormalities shall be regarded as origin of emotional processing deficit. The second hypothesis proposes that neurocognitive abnormities are primarily attributable to deficit to attentional process. Emotional deficit being a particularly significant during social interaction. Thus, using technique of electroencephalography in individual with psychopathy during presentation of emotional faces in péripersonnel, is a promising path of research for the study of emotional deficit in psychopathy. Objective: In the current thesis, the main objective was to study with EEG recording the emotional process toward emotional faces with collision or withdrawal course in peripersonal space and the modulation of this process in relation with psychopathy traits. The objective of the first study was to evaluate in psychopathic and healthy population, the LPP (late positive component) results in existing studies. In order to test LPP across population we computed meta-analytic model on LPP amplitude generated by negative, positive and neutral stimuli. In the second study, we used ecological morphing emotional stimuli comprising additional dimension of movement. The objective was to test the modulation of emotional process by cognitive dimension like attentional process. Movement in péripersonnel space is natural attractor of attentional process (Schmuckler et al., 2007). We therefore created stimuli comprising morphing emotion (anger, happiness, sadness, neutral) and dimension relative to peripersonnal space (looming, receding and static). We recorded EEG signal at electrodes cluster know to have been measured signal related to emotional processing. Then, we compared the modulation of EEG signal across modalities of emotion and movement. Finally, we included in our analysis a measure of infra-clinical traits of psychopathy in order to explore the influence of psychopathy on EEG modulation. In the third study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of movement on Alpha power lateralization. Alpha lateralization has been known to be related to motivational system and emotional processing. Methodologies: In the first study, we explored LPP amplitude between individuals with psychopathy and controls subjects, across emotional valence with meta-analytic random effect model. The second model was based on meta-analytic regression method. The objective was to determinate the respective influence of each valence in the general modulation of LPP amplitude between individuals with psychopathy and control subjects. In the second study, we created emotional morphing stimuli from picture of facial affect. We then presented these stimuli according to movement in peripersonal space modalities. Our electrophysiological analyzes focused on ERP and ERO. The participants were also requested to complete visual analog scale for emotional dimension of stimuli and the psychopathic personality inventory (PPI-R) for psychopathic traits. In the third study, we computed measure of Alpha power density lateralization after fast Fourier transformation applied to EEG signal. We then compare the power density at frontal cluster, between emotional and movement modalities. Results: The results of the first study confirmed that individuals with psychopathy showed general reduced amplitude of LPP component across all emotional valence. Moreover, this reduction LPP amplitude seems to be mainly due to stimuli with negative valence. The results of the second study reported modulation of emotional ERP and ERO by movement modalities. Furthermore, specific modulation of LPP relative to psychopathic traits was reported. At last, in the third study, measure of Alpha power density at frontal cluster related to motivational process, reported modulation by movement and emotion modalities. Conclusion: Results in the current thesis confirmed in the first place the utility of the EEG technic for study emotional processing in psychopathy. Through the use of EEG and emotional faces stimuli, we could also highlight the relevance of evaluative dimensions as movement in peripersonal space, for ecological study of emotional processing.
Butlen, Florence. "Analyse des facteurs associés au résultat des demandes d’Autorisation Européenne de Mise sur le Marché pour de nouveaux traitements médicamenteux en psychiatrie". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS507.
Testo completoDespite many advances in the field of neuroscience and in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the central nervous system diseases, there are few new treatments in psychiatry and notably very few drugs with an innovative mechanism of action. The aim of this work was to analyse the factors associated with the outcome of European marketing authorization applications for psychiatry drugs and to compare them with what is happening in neurology as well as in other therapeutic areas. It appears that the problems do not come from the centralised evaluation phase of the files since the drugs in psychiatry have the same success rate and the same evaluation length as the others. Interestingly as well, it appears that few applications are submitted in psychiatry, which tends to suggest that the problems occur further upstream during the development phases of the drug. Moreover, the most important success factor of an application seems to be the use or not of scientific advice in the pre-evaluation phase.The follow-up analysis of the major issues raised during the evaluation of the clinical development programs submitted in the context of a centralised marketing authorisation application highlighted some critical difficulties for psychiatry drugs that would be important to consider when designing clinical trials in this field (selection population, product caracterisation in the early stages of development and safety issues)
Mas-Bellissent, Christine. "La responsabilité contractuelle de droit commun du prestataire de service informatique : contribution à l'étude de la prestation de service". Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU2034.
Testo completoLAQBAQBI, ALAMI FATIMA-ZOHRA. "Les maladies demyelinisantes du systeme nerveux central : physiopathologie et traitements a propos de 3 cas de myelite aigue transverse chez l'enfant". Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM117.
Testo completoChicinas, Adriana. "Modélisation, identification et contrôle : application à la commande des centrales de traitement d'air". La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS182.
Testo completoThe air handling unit (AHU) with constant air volume controls the air temperature and humidity. The AHU used in this study is composed of a preheating electric coil, a cooling fluid-filled coil and a steam humidifier. The models of the AHU elements are nonlinear and the controlled variables, temperature and relative humidity, coupled. This paper demonstrates that in the case of sensible heat exchange without moisture removal if the outputs of the electric coils, fluid-filled coils and steam humidifier are considered to be the differences between the air temperature and the humidity ratio of the outlet and the inlet, then the models may be written as the product of a static and a dynamic gain. The parameters of the discrete form of these models are experimentally identified. The dynamics of the elements and of their sensors are very similar. Therefore, in a grey-box approach, the parameter identification of the elements takes into account the model of the sensor, previously identified. Based on the identified models, a new control strategy is proposed. The temperature and the relative humidity are decoupled by using the humidity ratio as controlled variable. A linearization bloc is constructed for the command of the fluid-filled coil and of the humidifier. The proposed strategy has the same performance, comparable with a well tuned PID controller for a given load, but it keeps its performance for the whole range
Loison, Bertrand. "Les déterminants de l'exposition aux risques liés à l'externalisation des prestations de services informatiques : modèle explicatif et validation empirique". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010007.
Testo completoYao, Jianfeng. "Estiamation et fluctuations de fonctionnelles de grandes matrices aléatoires". Phd thesis, Telecom ParisTech, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909521.
Testo completoPapaïx, Benoît. "Outiller la conception centrée utilisateur en milieu industriel complexe : des techniques de traitement automatique de textes pour la conception des cockpits". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21899/document.
Testo completoIn the professional aeronautical field (one of the safest in the world), human error management must be improved to reach a better safety level. To do this, a user centred design process has to be implemented. However, due to the complexity of socio technical systems, the implementation of an efficient user centred design process could be challenging. To ease this process, our study aims to develop and validate specific tools, particularly for processing large amounts of textual data. In our study, we will firstly undertake an extraction of scenarios that can contain human errors in a specific database. This extraction will be based on expert judgment (control condition). Secondly, we will confront the control condition with results obtained automatically. The results of this comparison allow:1/ The identification of relevant algorithms for automatic information extraction within large textual databases (Nearest Neighbour, Bayesian filtering);2/ The identification of a methodology to extract risk situations that could be included in specific studies. This step is very important for the user centred design process.Links that we have established between our results and incident/accident studies allow us to consider positive impacts on aviation safety
Sidorkiewicz, Stéphanie. "Observance médicamenteuse chez les patients prenant un traitement au long cours". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB079.
Testo completoAgainst the backdrop of population ageing and medical progress, the prevalence of long-term disorders is rising worldwide. As a consequence, an increasing number of patients need to take medications daily. Medication adherence, which can be defined as the extent to which patients’ medication-taking behaviors coincides with medical prescriptions, may become ever harder to achieve. Non-adherence is a main challenge for physicians and for researchers, especially given its complexity and its dynamic evolution over time. First, we developed a new instrument to assess medication adherence to each individual medication taken by patients undergoing long-term treatment, taking into account different types of medication-taking behavior. We assessed the instrument’s validity and reliability among 243 outpatients and inpatients taking 961 medications, in France. Second, we focused on the discordance between medication adherence as reported by patients and drug importance as reported by their physicians. We compared the opinions of 128 patients and physicians and showed that some drugs considered important by the physicians were not correctly taken by patients, a situation that may lead to potential severe consequences. On the contrary, some drugs considered less important by physicians were correctly taken by physicians, which may lead to potential overprescription and avoidable burden of treatment. Third, we used a crowd sourcing approach to assess physicians’ estimation of the threshold for unacceptable risk of non-adherence, for two distinct types of behavior (episodic missing doses and drug holidays) for the most prescribed drugs in France. Physicians’ estimations varied considerably according to the drugs assessed, suggesting that according to physicians, some drugs are “more forgiving” than others. Our findings confirm that medication adherence is a complex phenomenon that should not be simply dichotomized into « good adherence » and « bad adherence ». Future work will consist in developing and validating a new online tool inspired from our first study. We will try to sharpen our understanding of the results in our third study by comparing physicians’ estimations to patients’ adherence data. Future interventions are still needed to improve patient-physician discussion about medications in order to reach an “optimal adherence” rather than a "perfect adherence", taking into account patients’ perspectives
Abbas, Khaled. "Effet de traitements thermiques sur les propriétés fonctionnelles de fromages traditionnels : le cas des pâtes persillées". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724803.
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