Bibliografie tematiche / Traffic lights

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Traffic lights"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 30 maggio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Traffic lights"

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Ashir, Mohammed, e Karl Marlowe. "Traffic Lights". Clinical Governance: An International Journal 14, n. 3 (7 agosto 2009): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777270910976166.

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Gregory, Richard L. "Traffic Lights". Perception 21, n. 4 (agosto 1992): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p210423.

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Hosseinyalmdary, S., e A. Yilmaz. "TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION USING CONIC SECTION GEOMETRY". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-1 (2 giugno 2016): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-1-191-2016.

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Abstract (sommario):
Traffic lights detection and their state recognition is a crucial task that autonomous vehicles must reliably fulfill. Despite scientific endeavors, it still is an open problem due to the variations of traffic lights and their perception in image form. Unlike previous studies, this paper investigates the use of inaccurate and publicly available GIS databases such as OpenStreetMap. In addition, we are the first to exploit conic section geometry to improve the shape cue of the traffic lights in images. Conic section also enables us to estimate the pose of the traffic lights with respect to the camera. Our approach can detect multiple traffic lights in the scene, it also is able to detect the traffic lights in the absence of prior knowledge, and detect the traffics lights as far as 70 meters. The proposed approach has been evaluated for different scenarios and the results show that the use of stereo cameras significantly improves the accuracy of the traffic lights detection and pose estimation.
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Hosseinyalmdary, S., e A. Yilmaz. "TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION USING CONIC SECTION GEOMETRY". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-1 (2 giugno 2016): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-1-191-2016.

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Abstract (sommario):
Traffic lights detection and their state recognition is a crucial task that autonomous vehicles must reliably fulfill. Despite scientific endeavors, it still is an open problem due to the variations of traffic lights and their perception in image form. Unlike previous studies, this paper investigates the use of inaccurate and publicly available GIS databases such as OpenStreetMap. In addition, we are the first to exploit conic section geometry to improve the shape cue of the traffic lights in images. Conic section also enables us to estimate the pose of the traffic lights with respect to the camera. Our approach can detect multiple traffic lights in the scene, it also is able to detect the traffic lights in the absence of prior knowledge, and detect the traffics lights as far as 70 meters. The proposed approach has been evaluated for different scenarios and the results show that the use of stereo cameras significantly improves the accuracy of the traffic lights detection and pose estimation.
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Kawai, Satoru. "Road Traffic Lights". JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 71, n. 3 (1987): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.71.3_204.

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Sinha, Roopak, Partha S. Roop e Prakash Ranjitkar. "Virtual Traffic Lights+". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2381, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2381-09.

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Calabresi, Paolo, e Massimiliano Di Filippo. "Brain's traffic lights". Nature 466, n. 7305 (luglio 2010): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/466449a.

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Lu, Xingyu, Li Fei, Huibing Zhu, Wangjun Cheng e Zijie Wang. "Modeling traffic flow in work zone sections considering the effect of traffic lights". International Journal of Modern Physics C 32, n. 09 (7 maggio 2021): 2150113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183121501138.

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Abstract (sommario):
Based on the two-lane highway traffic model with a work zone presented previously, a new traffic model with a work zone under the control of traffic lights is proposed. The length of the waiting area for vehicles before traffic lights is recommended cautiously after numerical simulation. The relationship between the vehicles’ queuing time and the cycle of traffic lights is studied, and the cycle time of traffic lights is obtained also considering people’s endurance to the red light. It is found that the traffic lights are effective to ease the traffic congestion in the work zone when the density is medium, and help to eliminate the inducement of traffic accidents. On the other hand, the simulation results show that traffic lights are not needed in the work zone when the traffic density is small. It indicates that the traffic flow in the work zone area can be optimized by using appropriate traffic management when the traffic density varies.
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Yeh, Tien-Wen, Huei-Yung Lin e Chin-Chen Chang. "Traffic Light and Arrow Signal Recognition Based on a Unified Network". Applied Sciences 11, n. 17 (31 agosto 2021): 8066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178066.

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Abstract (sommario):
We present a traffic light detection and recognition approach for traffic lights that utilizes convolutional neural networks. We also introduce a technique for identifying arrow signal lights in multiple urban traffic environments. For detection, we use map data and two different focal length cameras for traffic light detection at various distances. For recognition, we propose a new algorithm that combines object detection and classification to recognize the light state classes of traffic lights. Furthermore, we use a unified network by sharing features to decrease computation time. The results reveal that the proposed approach enables high-performance traffic light detection and recognition.
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Aulia Yusuf, A’isya Nur, Ajib Setyo Arifin e Fitri Yuli Zulkifli. "Recent development of smart traffic lights". IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 10, n. 1 (1 marzo 2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v10.i1.pp224-233.

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<span id="docs-internal-guid-288f4dcc-7fff-1e8c-0350-5032593b6e4f"><span>Increased traffic flow causes congestion, especially in large cities. Even though congestion is not unusual, traffic jams still result in very high economic and social losses. Several factors cause congestion, one of which is traffic lights. Therefore, a mechanism is needed so that traffic lights can intelligently and adaptively manage signal time allocation according to traffic flow conditions. A traffic light with this type of mechanism is known as a smart traffic light. Smart traffic light cycle settings can be grouped based on the traffic density, scenarios for emergency vehicles, and the interests of pedestrians. This paper analyzes the methods and technologies used in the development of smart traffic light technology from the perspective of these three situations as well as the development of smart traffic light technology in the future.</span></span>
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Traffic lights"

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Spiropoulou, Ioanna. "Modelling blocking back at traffic lights". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413153.

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Thorin, Kristoffer. "Optimal Speed Controller in the Presence of Traffic Lights". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325352.

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This report presents an approach on how to utilize information on future states of traffic lights to reduce the energy consumption and trip time for a Heavy Duty Vehicle. Model Predictive Control is proposed as a solution to handle the optimisation on-line and the concept is tested for various prediction horizons in which information can be received. Further on, it is investigated if the implemented controller is robust enough to execute the same task in a scenario where only the current state is known and future states are predicted. Comparison with a reference vehicle demonstrates improved fuel economy as well as reduced trip time when the information is given. It is shown that the results are improved as the prediction horizon is extended, but converges after 400-500 meters. As the phases of the traffic lights are predicted, fuel economy can be improved, but it comes at a price from being non-robust with drastic braking and increased trip time as predictions might be inaccurate.
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Musolino, Antonino Francesco. "Traffic light policies for low penetration rate of monitoring devices". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8008/.

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Abstract (sommario):
La gestione del traffico è una delle principali problematiche delle città moderne, e porta alla definizione di nuove sfide per quanto riguarda l’ottimizzazione del flusso veicolare. Il controllo semaforico è uno degli elementi fondamentali per ottimizzare la gestione del traffico. Attualmente la rilevazione del traffico viene effettuata tramite sensori, tra i quali vengono maggiormente utilizzate le spire magnetiche, la cui installazione e gestione implica costi elevati. In questo contesto, il progetto europeo COLOMBO si pone come obiettivo l’ideazione di nuovi sistemi di regolazione semaforica in grado di rilevare il traffico veicolare mediante sensori più economici da installare e mantenere, e capaci, sulla base di tali rilevazioni, di auto organizzarsi, traendo ispirazione dal campo dell’intelligenza artificiale noto come swarm intelligence. Alla base di questa auto organizzazione semaforica di COLOMBO vi sono due diversi livelli di politiche: macroscopico e microscopico. Nel primo caso le politiche macroscopiche, utilizzando il feromone come astrazione dell’attuale livello del traffico, scelgono la politica di gestione in base alla quantità di feromone presente nelle corsie di entrata e di uscita. Per quanto riguarda invece le politiche microscopiche, il loro compito è quello di deci- dere la durata dei periodi di rosso o verde modificando una sequenza di fasi, chiamata in COLOMBO catena. Le catene possono essere scelte dal sistema in base al valore corrente della soglia di desiderabilità e ad ogni catena corrisponde una soglia di desiderabilità. Lo scopo di questo elaborato è quello di suggerire metodi alternativi all’attuale conteggio di questa soglia di desiderabilità in scenari di bassa presenza di dispositivi per la rilevazione dei veicoli. Ogni algoritmo complesso ha bisogno di essere ottimizzato per migliorarne le performance. Anche in questo caso, gli algoritmi proposti hanno subito un processo di parameter tuning per ottimizzarne le prestazioni in scenari di bassa presenza di dispositivi per la rilevazione dei veicoli. Sulla base del lavoro di parameter tuning, infine, sono state eseguite delle simulazioni per valutare quale degli approcci suggeriti sia il migliore.
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Rivera, Saavedra Gabriel, e Ochochoque Luis Alberto Velásquez. "Propuesta de implementación de un sistema de semaforización inteligente para mejorar los niveles de servicio de la Av. Javier Prado Oeste, tramo Ca. Las Palmeras y Ca. Las Flores en el distrito de San Isidro". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651707.

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Abstract (sommario):
La presente investigación analiza las condiciones de tráfico vehicular actual en dos intersecciones de la avenida Javier Prado Oeste, tramo Calle Las Flores & Calle Las Palmeras, en el distrito de San Isidro. La investigación empieza con la descripción de los problemas existentes en las intersecciones, como la deficiente programación de semáforos, falta de semáforos coordinados e incompatibilidad entre controladores semafóricos. El análisis de la investigación se realizó en base a un modelo microscópico, desarrollado con apoyo del software Vissim. El proceso de construcción de ambos modelos consiste en cuatro fases. La primera fase es el trabajo previo, en la cual se realizó la recolección de datos de campo. En segundo lugar, se encuentra la construcción de los modelos mediante el programa. En tercer lugar, se realizó la calibración y validación de ambos modelos en base a parámetros psicofísicos y estadísticos GEH para certificar que los resultados del modelo se asemejen a las condiciones actuales de las intersecciones. Por último, se incorporaron los nuevos flujos futuros en los modelos cada 15 minutos los cuales se simularon, evaluaron y compararon con los niveles de servicio obtenidos con las intersecciones proyectadas que incorporan la propuesta de mejora. Esencialmente los niveles de servicio de las intersecciones mejoran incorporando la propuesta de semáforos inteligente por medio de la optimización de ciclos semafóricos con el programa Synchro 10.0, esto se deduce a partir de la disminución de longitudes de colas en todos los accesos y la reducción de demoras de viaje en ambas intersecciones.
The present investigation analyzes the current vehicular traffic conditions at two intersections of Javier Prado Oeste Avenue, Las Flores Street and Las Palmeras Street, in the San Isidro district. The investigation begins with the description of the problems existing at the intersections, such as poor traffic light programming, lack of coordinated traffic lights and incompatibility between traffic light controllers. The research analysis was carried out based on a microscopic model, developed with the support of Vissim software. The construction process of both models consists of four phases. The first phase is the previous work, in which the field data collection was carried out. Second, there is the construction of the models through the program. Third, the calibration and validation of both models was performed based on GEH psychophysical and statistical parameters to certify that the results of the model resemble the current conditions of the intersections. Finally, the new future flows were incorporated into the models every 15 minutes, which were simulated, evaluated and compared with the service levels obtained with the projected intersections that incorporate the improvement proposal. Essentially, the service levels of the intersections improve by incorporating the smart traffic lights proposal through the optimization of traffic light cycles with the Synchro 10.0 program, this is deduced from the decrease in queue lengths in all accesses and the reduction of delays of travel at both intersections.
Tesis
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Grandinetti, Pietro. "Control of large scale traffic network". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT102/document.

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La thèse concerne le contrôle de feux tricolores dans de larges réseaux urbains. Le point de départ est l’étude d’un modèle macroscopique se basant sur le Cell Transmission model. Nous avons formulé une version du modèle intégrant les feux tricolores à sa dynamique. De plus, nous avons introduit deux simplifications à ce modèle orientées vers la conception des techniques de contrôle ; la première se base sur la théorie de la moyenne et considère le pourcentage de vert des feux tricolores, la seconde décrit les trajectoires des feux tricolores en utilisant les instants d’activation et de désactivation d’un signal binaire. Nous utilisons des simulations numériques pour valider les modèles en les comparant avec le Cell Transmisson model intégrant les feux tricolores, ainsi que des simulations microscopiques (avec le logiciel Aimsun) afin de valider les mêmes modèles en les comparant cette fois-ci à un comportement réaliste des véhicules.Nous proposons deux techniques de contrôle à partir des deux modèles mentionnés ci-dessus. Le premier, qui utilise le modèle moyen de transmission de véhicules, considère les pourcentages de vert des feux tricolores comme variables contrôlées, et il est formulé comme un problème d'optimisation des mesures de trafic standards. Nous analysons un tel problème et nous montrons que cela équivaut à un problème d'optimisation convexe, afin d'assurer son efficacité de calcul. Nous analysons sa performance par rapport à un best-practice control à la fois dans des simulations MatLab, et dans des simulations microscopiques, avec un modèle Aimsun qui reproduit une grande partie de Grenoble, en France. La deuxième approche proposée est un problème d'optimisation dans lequel les variables contrôlées sont les instants d'activation et de désactivation de chaque feu tricolore. Nous utilisons la technique de modélisation Big-M dans le but de formuler un tel problème comme un programme linéaire avec variables entières, et nous montrons par des simulations numériques que l’expressivité de cette optimisation conduit à des améliorations de la dynamique du trafic, au prix de l'efficacité de calcul.Pour poursuivre la scalabilité des techniques de contrôle proposées nous développons deux algorithmes itératifs pour le problème de contrôle des feux de signalisation. Le premier, basé sur l'optimisation convexe mentionnée ci-dessus, utilise la technique dual descent et nous prouvons qu’il est optimal, i.e., il donne la même solution que l'optimisation centralisée. Le second, basé sur le problème d’optimisation entier susmentionné, est un algorithme sous-optimal qui mène à des améliorations substantielles par rapport au problème centralisé connexe, concernant l'efficacité de calcul. Nous analysons par des simulations numériques la vitesse de convergence des algorithmes itératifs, leur charge de calcul et leurs performances en matière de mesure du trafic.La thèse est conclue avec une étude de l'algorithme de contrôle des feux de circulation qui est utilisé dans plusieurs grandes intersections dans Grenoble. Nous présentons le principe de fonctionnement d'un tel algorithme, en détaillant les différences technologiques et méthodologiques par rapport aux approches proposées. Nous créons dans Aimsun le scénario représentant la partie intéressée de la ville, en reproduisant également l'algorithme de contrôle et en comparant ses performances avec celles de l'une de nos approches sur le même scénario
The thesis focuses on traffic lights control in large scale urban networks. It starts off with a study of macroscopic modeling based on the Cell Transmission model. We formulate a signalized version of such a model in order to include traffic lights’ description into the dynamics. Moreover, we introduce two simplifications of the signalized model towards control design, one that is based on the average theory and considers duty cycles of traffic lights, and a second one that describes traffic lights trajectories with the time instants of the rising and falling edges of a binary signals. We use numerical simulations to validate the models with respect to the signalized Cell Transmission model, and microsimulations (with the software Aimsun), to validate the same model with respect to realistic vehicles’ behavior.We propose two control algorithms based on the two models above mentioned. The first one, that uses the average Cell Transmission model, considers traffic lights’ duty cycles as controlled variables and it is formulated as an optimization problem of standard traffic measures. We analyze such a problem and we show that it is equivalent to a convex optimization problem, so ensuring its computational efficiency. We analyze its performance with respect to a best-practice control scheme both in MatLab simulations and in Aimsun simulations that emulate a large portion of Grenoble, France. The second proposed approach is an optimization problem in which the decision variables are the activation and deactivation time instants of every traffic lights. We employ the Big-M modeling technique to reformulate such a problem as a mixed integer linear program, and we show via numerical simulations that the expressivity of it can lead to improvements of the traffic dynamics, at the price of the computational efficiency of the control scheme.To pursue the scalability of the proposed control techniques we develop two iterative distributed approaches to the traffic lights control problem. The first, based on the convex optimization above mentioned, uses the dual descent technique and its provably optimal, that is, it gives the same solution of the centralized optimization. The second, based on the mixed integer problem aforesaid, is a suboptimal algorithm that leads to substantial improvements by means of the computational efficiency with respect to the related centralized problem. We analyze via numerical simulations the convergence speed of the iterative algorithms, their computational burden and their performance regarding traffic metrics.The thesis is concluded with a study of the traffic lights control algorithm that is employed in several large intersections in Grenoble. We present the working principle of such an algorithm, detailing technological and methodological differences with our proposed approaches. We create into Aimsun the scenario representing the related part of the city, also reproducing the control algorithm and comparing its performance with the ones given by one of our approaches on the same scenario
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Al-Mojel, A. H. S. "The effect of geometric design on the capacity of isolated highway traffic signal approaches". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378110.

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Torrez, Lorenzo I. "Motorcycle conspicuity the effects of age and vehicular daytime running lights /". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002016.

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Matus, Manuel A. Mr. "Experimental Investigation of Wind-induced Response of Span-wire Traffic Signal Systems". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3655.

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The purpose of this investigation was to identify key design parameters that might significantly affect the response of span wire traffic light systems during extreme wind events. The performance of these systems was assessed through physical testing in an effort to quantify the effect of sag ratio, wire tension and wire clearance. The Wall of Wind experimental facility at Florida International University was utilized for testing the systems at different wind speeds and wind directions. The findings showed that, at all tested wind directions, lift, drag and tension forces increased with increasing wind speeds. On the contrary, increasing the wind speed resulted in higher inclination on the traffic lights, lower drag coefficients and higher lift coefficients. Overall, when the wind was approaching from the rear face of the traffic signals, increased drag coefficients were recorded. When the sag was set at 7% lower drag coefficients were observed.
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De, Nunzio Giovanni. "Traffic eco-management in urban traffic networks". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT064/document.

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Le problème de la gestion éco-responsable du trafic urbain est adressé. Ce type de gestion du trafic vise à réduire les arrêts des véhicules, les accélérations, la consommation énergétique, ainsi que la congestion. L'éco-management du trafic dans les réseaux urbains peut être catégorisé dans deux classes principales : contrôle du véhicule et contrôle de l'infrastructure. Les deux domaines de contrôle peuvent présenter caractéristiques soit isolées soit coordonnées, en dépendant du type d'information utilisée dans l'optimisation.La gestion du trafic côté véhicule influe sur chaque véhicule en fonction de ses propres caractéristiques et position. Le contrôle isolé du véhicule vise principalement à optimiser la transmission et/ou le profil de conduite des véhicules, en utilisant éventuellement des informations sur les caractéristiques de la route, mais sans communiquer avec les autres agents du réseau. Le contrôle coordonné du véhicule, d'autre part, fait usage de la communication entre les véhicules et avec l'infrastructure pour obtenir des bénéfices plus importants en termes de consommation d'énergie et de fluidité de la circulation.En revanche, la gestion du côté infrastructure influe sur les feux et les panneaux de signalisation, afin d'améliorer les performances de l'ensemble du trafic. Le contrôle isolé de l'infrastructure régule essentiellement les feux de signalisation pour une seule intersection, ou bien les limites de vitesse dans un seul tronçon de route, sans prendre en compte les interactions avec les jonctions et/ou les sections voisines. Le contrôle coordonné de l'infrastructure surmonte cette limitation en utilisant des informations sur les conditions de circulation dans d'autres sections de la route, afin de réduire la congestion.Les contributions de ce travail peuvent être résumées comme suit.Tout d'abord, une solution pour le contrôle coordonné du véhicule a été proposée, dans laquelle la communication avec l'infrastructure est exploitée pour réduire la consommation d'énergie. En particulier, les plans des feux de signalisation sont supposés être communiqués au véhicule et connus, et une vitesse optimale est suggérée au véhicule afin de traverser une séquence de carrefours à feux sans s'arrêter, tout en suivant une trajectoire d'énergie minimale. La stratégie proposée, appliquée indépendamment à chaque véhicule, a été testée dans un simulateur de trafic microscopique afin d'évaluer l'impact sur les performances du trafic. L'analyse a montré que la consommation d'énergie et le nombre d'arrêts peuvent être considérablement réduits sans affecter le temps de parcours.Ensuite, une solution pour le contrôle isolé de l'infrastructure a été proposée. Un modèle macroscopique du trafic urbain a été introduit, et les limites de vitesse variables ont été utilisées pour améliorer les performances de la circulation. L'optimisation vise à trouver un compromis entre la réduction de consommation énergétique et le temps de parcours moyen des véhicules dans le tronçon de route considéré. Des expériences ont démontré qu'il existe une limite de vitesse optimale qui améliore les performances du trafic, et qui réduit la longueur de la file d'attente au feu de signalisation.Enfin, une solution pour le contrôle coordonné de l'infrastructure a été proposée. La synchronisation des feux de signalisation sur les grands axes de circulation a été prouvée efficace pour réduire le temps de parcours. Notre analyse a démontré qu'un problème d'optimisation peut être formalisé pour prendre en compte également les aspects énergétiques. Des expériences approfondies dans un simulateur de trafic microscopique ont montré qu'il existe une corrélation entre la progression du trafic et ses performances. La stratégie de contrôle proposée a montré qu'une réduction significative de la consommation d'énergie peut être atteinte, en éliminant presque complètement les arrêts et le temps d'arrêt, sans affecter le temps de parcours
The problem of energy-aware traffic management in urban environment is addressed. Such traffic management aims at reducing vehicle stops, accelerations, energy consumption, and ultimately congestion. The eco-management in urban traffic networks may be divided in two broad categories: vehicle-side control and infrastructure-side control. Both control domains can feature isolated or coordinated characteristics, depending on the type of information used in the optimization.The vehicle-side traffic management influences each single vehicle according to its own characteristics and position. Isolated vehicle control aims primarily at optimizing the powertrain and/or the driving profile of the vehicles, possibly using information about the road characteristics, but without communicating with the other agents of the traffic network. Coordinated vehicle control makes use of communication among vehicles and with the infrastructure in order to achieve larger benefits in terms of energy consumption and traffic fluidity.The infrastructure-side management, on the other hand, influences traffic lights and road side panels in order to improve the performance of the traffic as a whole. Isolated infrastructure control regulates essentially the traffic lights at a single signalized intersection, or the speed limits in a single stretch of road, without taking into account the interactions with the neighboring junctions and/or road sections. Coordinated infrastructure control overcomes this limitation by using information about traffic conditions in other road sections to alleviate congestion.The contributions of this work to the energy-aware traffic management may be summarized as follows.Firstly, a solution for the coordinated vehicle control has been proposed, in which communication with the infrastructure is exploited to reduce energy consumption. In particular, the traffic lights timings are assumed to be communicated to the vehicle and known, and the vehicle is suggested an optimal speed to drive through a sequence of signalized intersections without stopping, while following a minimum-energy trajectory. The proposed strategy, independently applied to each vehicle, has been tested in a microscopic traffic simulator in order to assess the impact on the traffic performance. The analysis has demonstrated that the energy consumption and the number of stops can be drastically reduced without affecting the travel time.Then, a solution for the isolated infrastructure control has been proposed. A macroscopic urban traffic model has been introduced, and the variable speed limits have been used as actuation to improve traffic performance. In particular, the analysis has been carried out at saturated traffic conditions, with given and fixed traffic lights scheduling. The optimization aims at reducing the energy consumption in trade-off with the average travel time of the vehicles in the considered road section. Experiments have demonstrated that there exists an optimal speed limit that improves traffic performance and reduces the length of the queue at the traffic light.Lastly, a solution for the coordinated infrastructure control has been proposed. Traffic lights coordination on arterials has been proved to be effective in terms of traffic delay reduction. Our analysis has demonstrated that an optimization problem can be cast to take into account also energetic aspects. Extensive experiments in a microscopic traffic simulator have showed that a correlation exists between traffic progression and traffic performance indexes, such as energy consumption, travel time, idling time, and number of stops. The proposed control strategy has showed that a significant reduction of energy consumption can be achieved, almost completely eliminating number of stops and idling time, without affecting the travel time
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Papamarkos, Periandros. "Measuring Complexity of Built Environments : The impact of traffic lights and load of traffic levels on how drivers perceive stress". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287369.

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To understand which factors affect the perception of stress while driving is interesting since it would help us to get closer to comprehending how the street network design can avoid putting stress on the drivers. Earlier research has measured drivers’ perception of safety under different street conditions by using video clips of real street environments. This study, that is carried out in cooperation with ITRL and it forms part of the MERGEN project, aims to introduce HCI techniques in order to prove that these techniques can bring valuable and credible results when substituting the conventional means of carrying out experiments. The study focuses on how the level of car traffic and the presence or not of traffic signs and lights affect how the drivers’ perceive stress emotion. To extract relevant information, a perceptual experiment was conducted in which 29 subjects were exposed to stimuli that represented four different virtual street scenarios. Each scenario comprised a unique case that combined the two factors under examination. In order to measure the levels of the perceived stress, the subjects of the experiment were asked to answer questions on how they perceive the following four aspects: confidence, comfort, route information and manageability of traffic load. It was concluded that the presence of traffic signs and automated traffic lights has a big impact on every aspect that was examined since a significant difference on the responses given was measured. It was also concluded that the level of car traffic does not play a very significant role when it alters in street scenarios where traffic signs and traffic lights are present. Nevertheless, the level of car traffic becomes a factor on how drivers perceive stress when the street scenario does not include presence of traffic signs and lights. The use of HCI techniques with the goal to extract information on how drivers perceive emotions managed to give back descriptive results, something that can enhance the use of this kind of methods in the evaluation of not only street network designs but any Built Environment design in general. The study is conducted using virtual scenarios but is meant to help better understand emotions in real situations.
Att förstå vilka faktorer som påverkar uppfattningen av stress under körning är intressant eftersom det skulle hjälpa oss att begripa hur gatunätets design kan undvika att sätta stress på förarna. Tidigare forskning har mätt förarnas uppfattning om säkerhet under olika gatuförhållanden genom att använda videoklipp från verkliga gatumiljöer. Denna studie, som genomförs i samarbete med ITRL och ingår i MERGEN-projektet, syftar till att införa HCI-tekniker för att bevisa att dessa tekniker kan ge värdefulla och trovärdiga resultat när de ersätter konventionella metoder för att genomföra experiment. Studien fokuserar på hur nivån på biltrafik och närvaro av trafikskyltar och ljus påverkar hur förarna uppfattar stresskänslor. För att extrahera relevant information genomfördes ett perceptuellt experiment där 29 personer utsattes för stimuli som representerade fyra olika virtuella gatuscenarier. Varje scenario bestod av ett unikt fall som kombinerade de två faktorer som undersöktes. För att mäta nivåerna av den upplevda stressen ombads försökspersonerna att svara på frågor om hur de uppfattar de följande fyra aspekterna: förtroende, komfort, ruttinformation och hanterbarhet av trafikbelastningen. Man drog slutsatsen att närvaron av trafikskyltar och automatiserade trafikljus har stor inverkan på varje aspekt som undersöktes eftersom en signifikant skillnad i de givna svaren uppmättes. Man drog också slutsatsen att biltrafiknivån inte spelar en så viktig roll när den förändras i gatuscenarier där trafikskyltar och trafikljus finns. Ändå blir biltrafiknivån en faktor för hur förare upplever stress när gatuscenariot inte inkluderar närvaron av trafikskyltar och ljus. Användningen av HCI-tekniker i syfte att extrahera information om hur förare uppfattar känslor lyckades ge tillbaka beskrivande resultat, något som kan förbättra användningen av denna typ av metoder vid utvärderingen av inte bara gatunätdesign utan alla byggnadsmiljöer generellt. Studien genomförs med virtuella scenarier men är tänkt att hjälpa till att bättre förstå känslor i verkliga situationer.
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Libri sul tema "Traffic lights"

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traffic lights. London: Collins Educational, 1996.

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Breaking hearts and traffic lights. Cliffs of Moher, Co. Clare, Ireland: Salmon Poetry, 2007.

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Owen, Philip. Adaptive control of traffic lights. Manchester: University of Manchester, Department of Computer Science, 1997.

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Wroe, Georgina. White meat and traffic lights. London: Review, 2002.

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Traffic lights: Meditations for our time. Bangalore: Asian Trading Corp., 1991.

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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Privacy. Informational hearing, red lights and traffic cameras. [Sacramento, Calif.] (1020 N St., B-53, Sacramento, 95184): Senate Publications, 2001.

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7

Baguley, C. J. Behavioural assessment of speed discrimination at traffic lights. Crowthorne, Berks: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Safety and Transportation Group, Road Safety Division, 1989.

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Harriman, Susan. Carrots, kites and traffic lights: Upper primary technology. Carlton, Vic: Curriculum Corporation, 1996.

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Sekar, Helen R. Forced labour: A study of children at the traffic lights. Noida: V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, 2010.

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Chasing tail lights. New York: Walker & Co., 2007.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Traffic lights"

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Pritchard, Jacki. "Traffic lights". In Hypnotherapy Scripts to Promote Children’s Wellbeing, 44–45. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044147-11.

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Carnis, Laurent. "Traffic Lights Violations". In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 2076–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7753-2_588.

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Carnis, Laurent. "Traffic Lights Violations". In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 1–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_588-1.

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Haijema, Rene, Eligius M. T. Hendrix e Jan van der Wal. "Dynamic Control of Traffic Lights". In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 371–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47766-4_13.

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Belov, Aleksandr, Maria Belykh e Shadi Tofayli. "Railway Traffic Lights Recognition System". In Interdisciplinary Research in Technology and Management, 199–203. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003202240-32.

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Biradar, Kishore, Radhika M. Pai, M. M. Manohara Pai e Joseph Mouzana. "Secure Adaptive Traffic Lights System for VANETs". In Intelligent Computing, Networking, and Informatics, 873–83. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1665-0_88.

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Cools, Seung-Bae, Carlos Gershenson e Bart D’Hooghe. "Self-Organizing Traffic Lights: A Realistic Simulation". In Advances in Applied Self-organizing Systems, 41–50. London: Springer London, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-982-8_3.

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Cools, Seung-Bae, Carlos Gershenson e Bart D’Hooghe. "Self-Organizing Traffic Lights: A Realistic Simulation". In Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing, 45–55. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5113-5_3.

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Tran, Phuoc Vinh, Tha Thi Bui, Diem Tran, Phuong Quoc Pham e Anh Van Thi Tran. "Approach to Priority-Based Controlling Traffic Lights". In Intelligent Information and Database Systems, 745–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49390-8_72.

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Caselli, Federico, Alessio Bonfietti e Michela Milano. "Swarm-Based Controller for Traffic Lights Management". In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 17–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24309-2_2.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Traffic lights"

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Oza, Pratham, Mahsa Foruhandeh, Ryan Gerdes e Thidapat Chantem. "Secure Traffic Lights". In CODASPY '20: Tenth ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3375706.3380554.

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de Charette, Raoul, e Fawzi Nashashibi. "Real time visual traffic lights recognition based on Spot Light Detection and adaptive traffic lights templates". In 2009 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2009.5164304.

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Gunther, Hendrik-Jorn, Sandra Kleinau, Oliver Trauer e Lars Wolf. "Platooning at traffic lights". In 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2016.7535518.

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Van de Vyvere, Brecht, Pieter Colpaert, Erik Mannens e Ruben Verborgh. "Open traffic lights: a strategy for publishing and preserving traffic lights data". In WWW '19: The Web Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308560.3316520.

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Abdullaev, E., e Sergey Polyakov. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A "SMART" STREET". In Modern technologies and automation of production. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mtap2021_5-11.

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The article deals with the problem of traffic management in order to reduce the time spent on the road. It is proposed to use the Omron ZEN controller for traffic light automation. As an example, a program for controlling traffic lights in the language of ladder diagrams, as well as a circuit solution for connecting traffic lights to the controller, is given
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Freitas, Rafael, Thiago Paixão, Rodrigo Berriel, Alberto Souza, Claudine Badue e Thiago Santos. "Relevant Traffic Light Localization via Deep Regression". In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2019.9306.

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Artificial intelligence advances have an important role on self-driving cars development, such as assisting the recognition of traffic lights. However, when relying on images of the scene alone, little progress was observed on selecting the traffic lights defining guidance to the car. Common detection approaches rely on additional high-level decision-making process to select a relevant traffic light. This work address the problem by proposing a deep regression system with an outliers resilient loss to predict the coordinates of a relevant traffic light in the image plane. The prediction can be used as a high-level decision-maker or as an assistant to a cheaper classifier to work on a region of interest. Results for European scenes show success in about 88% of the cases.
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Amborski, Krzysztof, Andrzej Dzielinski, Przemysław Kowalczuk e Witold Zydanowicz. "Simulation Of Traffic Lights Control". In 24th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2001-0088-0092.

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de Oliviera, D., e A. L. C. Bazzan. "Emergence Of Traffic Lights Synchronization". In 20th Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2006-0572.

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Amborski, Krzysztof, Andrzej Dzielinski, Przemysław Kowalczuk e Witold Zydanowicz. "Simulation Of Traffic Lights Control". In 24th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2010-0088-0092.

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Leu, Fang-Yie, Miao-Heng Chen, Yi-Li Huang e Chung-Chi Lin. "Controlling Traffic Lights for Ambulances". In 2012 Seventh International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bwcca.2012.82.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Traffic lights"

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Beiker, Sven, a cura di. Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users. SAE International, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021016.

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As automated road vehicles begin their deployment into public traffic, and they will need to interact with human driven vehicles, pedestrians, bicyclists, etc. This requires some form of communication between those automated vehicles (AVs) and other road users. Some of these communication modes (e.g., auditory, motion) were discussed in “Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users.” Unsettled Issues Regarding Visual Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users focuses on sisual communication and its balance of reach, clarity, and intuitiveness. This report discusses the different modes of visual communication (such a simple lights and rich text) and how they can be used for communication between AVs and other road users. A particular emphasis is put on standardization to highlight how uniformity and mass adoption increases efficacy of communications means.
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Ewing, Reid. Effect of Light-Rail Transit on Traffic in a Travel Corridor. Portland State University Library, giugno 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.56.

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Kao, H., D. W. Eaton, G. M. Atkinson, S. Maxwell e A. Babaie Mahani. Technical meeting on the traffic light protocols (TLP) for induced seismicity: summary and recommendations. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299002.

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Tarko, Andrew P., Jose Thomaz e Mario Romero. SNIP Light User Manual. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317136.

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A systemic approach to identifying road locations that exhibit safety problems was provided by the Safety Needs Identification Program (SNIP and SNIP2) developed by the Purdue University Center for Road Safety (CRS). The new version SNIP Light has been developed to provide other uses with planning level traffic safety analysis capability for a wider range of uses including Metropolitan Planning Agencies (MPOs) who want the tool for planning cost-effective safety programs in their metropolitan areas. The SNIP Light reduces the demand of computing and data storage resources and replaces the SQL server database system an integrated module coded in-house which is considerably faster than the original component. Furthermore, certain proficiency required to install and use the old version is no longer needed thanks to the intuitive single-window interface and executing file operations in the background without the user’s involvement. Some operations, such as optimizing funding of safety projects, are removed to simplify the tool.
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Duvvuri, Sarvani, e Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.

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Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan e Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Marrickville. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.208593.

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Marrickville is located in the western heart of inner-city Sydney and is the beneficiary of the centrifugal process that has forced many creatives out of the inner city itself and further out into more affordable suburbs. This locality is built on the lands of the Eora nation. It is one of the most culturally diverse communities in the country but is slowly being gentrified creating tensions between its light industrial heart, its creative industry community and inner city developers. SME’s, co-working spaces and live music venues, are all in jeopardy as they occupy light-industrial warehouses which either have been re-zoned or are under threat of re-zoning. Its location underneath the flight path of major air traffic may indeed be a saving factor in its preservation as the creative industries operate across all major sectors here and the air traffic noise keeps land prices down. Despite these pressures the creative industries in Marrickville have experienced substantial growth since 2011, with the current CI intensity sitting at 9.2%. This is the only region in this study where the cultural production sector holds more than half the employment for specialists and support workers, when compared to creative services.
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Kodupuganti, Swapneel R., Sonu Mathew e Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Modeling Operational Performance of Urban Roads with Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Mineta Transportation Institute, gennaio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1802.

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The rapid growth in population and related demand for travel during the past few decades has had a catalytic effect on traffic congestion, air quality, and safety in many urban areas. Transportation managers and planners have planned for new facilities to cater to the needs of users of alternative modes of transportation (e.g., public transportation, walking, and bicycling) over the next decade. However, there are no widely accepted methods, nor there is enough evidence to justify whether such plans are instrumental in improving mobility of the transportation system. Therefore, this project researches the operational performance of urban roads with heterogeneous traffic conditions to improve the mobility and reliability of people and goods. A 4-mile stretch of the Blue Line light rail transit (LRT) extension, which connects Old Concord Rd and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte’s main campus on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for travel time reliability analysis. The influence of crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, greenways, on-street bicycle lanes, bus/LRT routes and stops/stations, and street network characteristics on travel time reliability were comprehensively considered from a multimodal perspective. Likewise, a 2.5-mile-long section of the Blue Line LRT extension, which connects University City Blvd and Mallard Creek Church Rd on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for simulation-based operational analysis. Vissim traffic simulation software was used to compute and compare delay, queue length, and maximum queue length at nine intersections to evaluate the influence of vehicles, LRT, pedestrians, and bicyclists, individually and/or combined. The statistical significance of variations in travel time reliability were particularly less in the case of links on N Tryon St with the Blue Line LRT extension. However, a decrease in travel time reliability on some links was observed on the parallel route (I-85) and cross-streets. While a decrease in vehicle delay on northbound and southbound approaches of N Tryon St was observed in most cases after the LRT is in operation, the cross-streets of N Tryon St incurred a relatively higher increase in delay after the LRT is in operation. The current pedestrian and bicycling activity levels seemed insignificant to have an influence on vehicle delay at intersections. The methodological approaches from this research can be used to assess the performance of a transportation facility and identify remedial solutions from a multimodal perspective.
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Carruth, William D. Evaluation of In-Place Asphalt Recycling for Airfield Applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41142.

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Over the last few decades, in-place recycling of asphalt pavements has seen increased use by the highway industry, primarily to take a dvantage of potential cost and logistical savings compared to conventional reconstruction. More recently, the U.S. Navy and Federal Aviation Administration have allowed recycling to be used on airfields with lighter traffic. This report contains a discussion of in-place recycling design considerations obtained from a literature review of its use in the highway industry. Observations developed from a review of airfield pavement projects that have utilized recycling is also included. A structural analysis was performed using the Pavement-Transportation Computer Assisted Structural Engineering (PCASE) tool to determine typical stiffness values that recycled layers must achieve to support various types of military aircraft traffic for different pavement structures. Overall, in-place recycling is recommended for consideration as a rehabilitati on technique for military airfield pavements, and further investigation is recommended before it is implemented it into design guidance.
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Padhye, Suyash, Isaiah Mwamba, Kyubyung Kang, Samuel Labi e Makarand Hastak. Safety, Mobility, and Cost Benefits of Closing One Direction of the Interstate in Rural Areas During Construction Work. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317345.

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With specific regard to interstates in the rural area, Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has expressed a need for research that sheds light on this Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) issue so the agency [INDOT and the contractor] can make informed decisions regarding the crossover sections versus the closure in one direction with detour roads. A number of studies have investigated the advantages and disadvantages of various MOT strategies; however, there is no specific study that can help INDOT traffic engineers and design engineers make decisions by comparing direct and indirect benefits of crossovers and detours (full lane closures). This research examined the advantages and disadvantages of entirely closing one direction of traffic over traditional work zone techniques (such as partial lane closure through median crossover) from the perspectives of the agency, road users, and the community. In the case of full closure, the study (a) examined the alternative MOT strategies and best practices through an extensive literature review and survey of agencies (b) investigated risk, benefit, and costs associated with selected detour routes (c) validated the identified critical factors through case studies in Indiana and at other states, and (d) implemented best practices in an expected project to evaluate the safety, mobility, and cost benefits of closing one direction. Through the literature review and four case studies, eleven KPIs for MOT strategy developments were identified. This study prioritized these KPIs through the survey questionnaire. The top five KPIs are (1) safety, (2) mobility, (3) budget constraint, (4) project duration, (5) complexity of project sites. Based on these KPIs and other findings presented in Section 4.3.3, this study has proposed a comparison tool for predetermined MOT strategies in the form of a flow-chart. This tool is followed by the scores or weights associated with each KPI. These scores are normalized—i.e., the most important KPI which is safety, has the maximum weightage 1 and rest of the KPIs are weighed relatively. INDOT has a set of editable documents which are references for making MOT decisions. This proposed flow-chart tool will “walk” the INDOT team through the use of these spreadsheets corresponding to the identified KPIs through this study. It will be at the discretion of the INDOT team as to which KPIs are relevant to the situation at hand. Therefore, the flow-chart tool is flexible to incorporate the dynamic nature of MOT strategy selection.
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Cheng, Wen, Yongping Zhang e Edward Clay. Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Passive Crowdsourcing for Counting Pedestrians and Bikes. Mineta Transportation Institute, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2025.

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Individuals who walk and cycle experience a variety of health and economic benefits while simultaneously benefiting their local environments and communities. It is essential to correctly obtain pedestrian and bicyclist counts for better design and planning of active transportation-related facilities. In recent years, crowdsourcing has seen a rise in popularity due to the multiple advantages relative to traditional methods. Nevertheless, crowdsourced data have been applied in fewer studies, and their reliability and performance relative to other conventional methods are rarely documented. To this end, this research examines the consistency between crowdsourced and traditionally collected count data. Additionally, the research aims to develop the adjustment factor between the crowdsourced and permanent counter data and to estimate the annual average daily traffic (AADT) data based on hourly volume and other predictor variables such as time, day, weather, land use, and facility type. With some caveats, the results demonstrate that the Street Light crowdsourcing count data for pedestrians and bicyclists appear to be a promising alternative to the permanent counters.
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