Bibliografie tematiche / Tracing pollution

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Tracing pollution"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Tracing pollution":

THURSTON, G. D., e N. M. LAIRD. "Tracing Aerosol Pollution". Science 227, n. 4693 (22 marzo 1985): 1406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4693.1406.

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RAHN, K. A., e D. H. LOWENTHAL. "In Reply: Tracing Aerosol Pollution". Science 227, n. 4693 (22 marzo 1985): 1408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4693.1408.

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Ferro-Vázquez, Cruz, Marta Pérez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz, Jonatan Klaminder, Richard Bindler e Antonio Martínez Cortizas. "Tracing Pb Pollution Penetration in Temperate Podzols". Land Degradation & Development 28, n. 8 (12 settembre 2017): 2432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2777.

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Mo, Jianghong, Xinling Tian e Wei Shen. "Tracing the source of heavy metal pollution in water sources of Tourist Attractions Based on GIS remote sensing". Earth Sciences Research Journal 25, n. 2 (19 luglio 2021): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n2.84631.

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To effectively prevent heavy metal pollution in water sources in tourist attractions, clarify the degree of control of heavy metal pollution sources, and improve the accuracy of tracing results, a GIS-based remote sensing method of heavy metal pollution in tourist attractions is proposed. Using GIS spatial analysis method, the DEM elevation data monitored by remote sensing is obtained, the watershed geographic information is compiled, and the GPS obtains the longitude and latitude coordinates to locate the source of heavy metal pollution. The plug-in application framework is designed, and the watershed geographic information and plug-in application framework are integrated to build the pollution tracing platform. According to the mixing direction of pollutants after entering the water source, the migration and diffusion coordinate system of heavy metal pollution in the water source is established. The spatial-temporal distribution function model of heavy metal pollutants in water sources is constructed through the migration, transformation, and concentration of heavy metal pollutants in water sources. The tracing results of heavy metal pollution in water sources of scenic spots are obtained. The results showed that the order of variation coefficient of heavy metal pollution elements was Cr > Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn > Pb. The spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution elements was extremely uneven. There was a certain positive correlation between Ni and Cr, and the correlation coefficient of Cu and Zn was 0.78. The positive correlation was very significant, and the homology was very strong. Moreover, the identification result of the proposed method is very close to the real value, which can accurately trace the source of heavy metal pollution in the water source of tourist attractions, with small tracing error and high accuracy of tracing result evaluation.

Moran, Daniel, e Keiichiro Kanemoto. "Tracing global supply chains to air pollution hotspots". Environmental Research Letters 11, n. 9 (1 settembre 2016): 094017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094017.

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Yuan, Zengwei, Tao Luo, Xuewei Liu, Hui Hua, Yujie Zhuang, Xuehua Zhang, Ling Zhang, You Zhang, Weiwei Xu e Jinghua Ren. "Tracing anthropogenic cadmium emissions: From sources to pollution". Science of The Total Environment 676 (agosto 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.250.

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Miricioiu, Marius Gheorghe, Roxana Elena Ionete, Svetlana Simova, Dessislava Gerginova e Oana Romina Botoran. "Metabolite Profiling of Conifer Needles: Tracing Pollution and Climate Effects". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n. 19 (8 ottobre 2023): 14986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914986.

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In the face of escalating environmental challenges, understanding the intricate relationship between plant metabolites, pollution stress, and climatic conditions is of paramount importance. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of metabolic variations generated through 1H and 13C NMR measurements in evergreen needles collected from different regions with varying pollution levels. Multivariate analyses were employed to identify specific metabolites responsive to pollution stress and climatic factors. Air pollution indicators were assessed through ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses. Our results revealed significant metabolic changes attributed to geographical origin, establishing these conifer species as potential indicators for both air pollution and climatic conditions. High levels of air pollution correlated with increased glucose and decreased levels of formic acid and choline. Principal component analysis (PCA) unveiled a clear species separation, largely influenced by succinic acid and threonine. Discriminant analysis (DA) confirmed these findings, highlighting the positive correlation of glucose with pollution grade. Beyond pollution assessment, these metabolic variations could have ecological implications, impacting interactions and ecological functions. Our study underscores the dynamic interplay between conifer metabolism, environmental stressors, and ecological systems. These findings not only advance environmental monitoring practices but also pave the way for holistic research encompassing ecological and physiological dimensions, shedding light on the multifaceted roles of metabolites in conifer responses to environmental challenges.

Cai, Wen-da, Cui-Mei Bo, Jun Li e Qi-Fang Li. "AIR pollution traceability based on OK-IGSO integration algorithm". E3S Web of Conferences 393 (2023): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339303010.

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Aiming at the tracing problem of ambient air quality exceeding the standard caused by the unorganized emission of multiple pollution sources in the chemical industry park, an air pollution tracing method based on OK-IGSO integrated algorithm is proposed. First of all, the ordinary Kriging algorithm (OK) of geostatistics is applied to the prediction and interpolation of atmospheric pollutants in the chemical industry park, so that the distribution of pollutants is closer to reality; Then, based on the improved glowworm algorithm (IGSO), a dynamic backtracking method for multiple pollution sources in the chemical industry park is proposed to solve the multimodal function, obtain the optimal solution of this function, and trace the location of the pollution source. Finally, taking the environmental pollution traceability around Xuwei Port Park as an example, the air pollution traceability analysis method of OK-IGSO Chemical Park was tested and verified. The test results proved the progressiveness of IGSO algorithm, which can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of multiple pollution sources.

Yasmeen, Rizwana, Yunong Li e Muhammad Hafeez. "Tracing the trade–pollution nexus in global value chains: evidence from air pollution indicators". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, n. 5 (3 gennaio 2019): 5221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3956-0.

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Guo, Benli, Peng Yang, Yan Zhou, Hongjian Ai, Xiaodong Li, Rifei Kang e Youcheng Lv. "Numerical Simulation of Carbon Tetrachloride Pollution-Traceability in Groundwater System of an Industrial City". Sustainability 14, n. 23 (2 dicembre 2022): 16113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316113.

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Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4) is a colorless, volatile, and toxic liquid. Once it pollutes groundwater, it will not only destroy the ecological environment but also negatively affect the functioning of the human liver. An industrial city in eastern China has been contaminated with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4). Due to the complex hydrogeological conditions, it is difficult to determine the pollution source by a single hydrochemical analysis. In order to solve the traceability problem, in this work we established a traceability system by combining hydrochemical analysis, backward tracing, and forward transport, and analyzed the pollution distribution, pollution-source location and pollution-transport characteristic in groundwater, which provided technical support for CCL4-pollution control of groundwater in this area. (1) Groundwater samples were analyzed using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Through the pollution concentration-field, we identified the location of the pollution center and the concentration value in the northeast and southwest, screening out the monitoring wells exceeding the criteria: HF#1, DJ#19, DJ#7, SS#4, ZF#2, and DY#3. (2) Backward tracing over the past 30 years and 50 years was conducted through MODPATH. Potential polluting factories were identified by comparing the capture area with the historical distribution of factories. (3) Forward solute-transport was performed at the location of these potentially polluted factories. The distribution characteristics of pollutants in limestone layers and the Quaternary layer were analyzed using a simulated concentration-field for August 2012 and October 2016. (4) Comparing the simulated concentration with the observed concentration, the source of CCL4 pollution was inferred to be the textile mill in the 1990s, the steelworks in the 1970s, and the machine-tool plant in the 1970s and 1990s. Based on the concentration–duration curve at the pollution source, the transport characteristics and the transport speed of the pollutants in the study area were analyzed. This work not only successfully found the location of CCL4-pollution sources, but also helped the local government to analyze the year of pollutant release and recognize the transport pattern of CCL4 in aquifers.

Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Tracing pollution":

Miserendino, Rebecca Adler. "Tracing mercury pollution in aquatic ecosystems| Implications for public health". Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571745.

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This dissertation addressed questions pertaining to mercury (Hg) fate and transport in aquatic ecosystems by applying stable Hg isotopes as a tracer. Mercury poses a public health burden worldwide. In parts of the developing world, Hg-use during artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is pointed at as the source of elevated Hg in the environment. However, Hg from other sources including soil erosion associated with land cover and land-use change (LCLUC) may also contribute to local Hg pollution.

Stable Hg isotope profiles of sediment cores, surface sediments, and soils from two aquatic ecosystems in Amapá, Brazil, one downstream artisanal gold mining (AGM) and one isolated from AGM were assessed. Although previous studies attributed elevated environmental Hg levels in this area to AGM, stable Hg isotopic evidence suggests elevated Hg downstream of AGM sites is dominantly from erosion of soils due to LCLUC.

In contrast, the impact of Hg-use during small-scale gold mining (SGM) in the Southern Andean Region of Portovelo-Zaruma, Ecuador on Hg in the trans-boundary Puyango-Tumbes River was also investigated. By comparing preliminary isotopic Hg signatures from river sediment along the Puyango-Tumbes to soil and sediment from upstream locations along the Puyango tributaries, we suggest Hg-use during SGM in this region is likely responsible for elevated Hg downstream and into Peru. Technical and policy challenges in measuring and responding to gold mining-related cumulative impacts were also reviewed in the context of Portovelo-Ecuador.

Together, the findings not only answer questions of critical importance to preventing Hg pollution in two of the world's most vulnerable ecosystems but also provide information that can be used to better target interventions to reduce environmental Hg levels and subsequent human exposures. Furthermore, the validation and application of the stable Hg isotope method to trace Hg pollution from ASGM in different aquatic ecosystems represents a critical step to the application of stable Hg isotopes to trace pollution in other complex natural environments and to address public health-related questions.

Koch, Benedikt. "Greening or greenwashing dirty laundry? Tracing sustainability in the Tirupur textile cluster". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129924.

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The contemporary world landscape is epitomised by a highly globalised world economy, where neo-liberal agendas push for ultimate competitiveness and much of the manufacturing and production processes have been relocated from core to semi-peripheral countries. To be able to compete in the global arena, many developing nations and newly emerging economies have sacrificed an approach to sustainable development by neglecting social and ecological aspects. A showcase of such unsustainable growth in recent years can be observed in Tirupur, South India. Tirupur’s heavy export orientation of ready-knitted garments transformed it into a major textiles cluster for fashion retailers and buyer groups worldwide. However, the substantial pollution of water resources due to the discharge of raw effluents by processing units into the Noyyal river and the overexploitation of groundwater cast a shadow on the city’s economic expansion. In order to tackle these challenges, a number of regulatory directives were issued from the mid 1990’s onwards, leading to the enforcement of strict Zero Liquid Discharge norms in the cluster. This study investigates whether intervention efforts directed at Tirupur’s textiles sector have been able to address inherent challenges impacting the local environment and population. The findings gathered from an extensive literature review and a field study to Tirupur suggest that while some problems of the past have been attended to, major sustainability issues remain. Serious concerns such as a shift in pollution and economical uncertainty in the cluster have been identified as consequences from the policy interventions.

Coch, Caroline. "Pathways and Transit Time of Meltwater in the Englacial Drainage System of Rabots Glacier, Kebnekaise, Sweden". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116256.

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Following the crash of a Norwegian Hercules aircraft on Rabots glaciär in the Kebnekaise mountain range in 2012, a field campaign was initiated in order to assess the fate of the hydrocarbon pollution in the system. It is hypothesized that soluble components of the aircraft fuel will be transported within the glacial meltwater. This thesis focuses on constraining the likely transit time and dispersion of the meltwater as a proxy for potential pollution pathways. Therefore, the hydrologic configuration of Rabots glaciär was studied during the ablation season 2013 by means of dye tracing experiments and discharge monitoring in the proglacial stream. The analyses of the dye return curves and stream monitoring suggest that Rabots glaciär exhibits a widely efficient drainage system towards the end of the ablation season, but with analyses revealing heterogeneity in the drainage system form. The seasonal evolution of efficiency was also assessed, showing an increase over time, although was hampered by early onset of melting before the field season began. There are different hydrological configurations on the north and south side of the glacier, possibly influenced by shading. The system on the north side is routing meltwater along the glacier bed over a long distance as indicated by the turbid outlet stream. Water routing on the southern side likely occurs through englacial channels. This configuration may be influenced by the thermal regime and distribution of cold surface layers. It has further been revealed that both systems are likely to be disconnected from each other. Pollution that is transported with the meltwater down from the crash site on the southern side does not reach the drainage system on the northern side. Besides revealing potential pathways for soluble hydrocarbon pollutants, this case study contributes to the previously very limited knowledge of Rabots glacial hydrology, and our general understanding of polythermal glacier hydrology.

Cui, Qing. "Tracing Copper from society to the aquatic environment : Model development and case studies in Stockholm". Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12049.

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Babey, Tristan. "Compartimentation et transfert de contaminants dans les milieux souterrains : interaction entre transport physique, réactivité chimique et activité biologique". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S107/document.

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Classiquement le transfert des contaminants dans le milieu souterrain est modélisé par un couplage des processus de transport physiques (écoulements contrôlés par les structures géologiques poreuses) et des processus de dégradation ou d'immobilisation chimiques et biologiques. Tant sur les structures géologiques que sur la chimie et la physique, les modèles sont de plus en plus détaillés mais de plus en plus difficiles à calibrer sur des données toujours très parcellaires. Dans cette thèse, nous développons une approche alternative basée sur des modèles parcimonieux sous la forme d’un simple graphe de compartiments interconnectés généralisant les modèles d’interaction de continuums (MINC) ou de transfert à taux multiples (MRMT). Nous montrons que ces modèles sont particulièrement adaptés aux milieux dans lesquels la diffusion de solutés occupe un rôle prépondérant par rapport à l’advection, tels les sols ou les aquifères très hétérogènes comme les aquifères fracturés. L'homogénéisation induite par la diffusion réduit les gradients de concentration, accélère les mélanges entre espèces et fait de la distribution des temps de résidence un excellent proxy de la réactivité. En effet, ces structures simplifiées reconstituées à partir d’informations de temps de résidence se révèlent également pertinentes pour des réactions chimiques non linéaires (e.g. sorption, précipitation/dissolution). Nous montrons finalement comment ces modèles peuvent être adaptés automatiquement à des observations d’essais de traceurs ou de réactions de biodégradation. Ces approches parcimonieuses présentent de nombreux avantages dont la simplicité de développement et de mise en œuvre. Elles permettent d’identifier les déterminants majeurs des échanges entre zones advectives et diffusives ou entre zones inertes et réactives, et d’extrapoler des processus de réactivité à des échelles plus larges. L’utilisation de données de fractionnement isotopique est proposée pour améliorer la dissociation entre l’effet des structures et de la réactivité
Modelling of contaminant transfer in the subsurface classically relies on a detailed representation of transport processes (groundwater flow controlled by geological structures) coupled to chemical and biological reactivity (immobilization, degradation). Calibration of such detailed models is however often limited by the small amount of available data on the subsurface structures and characteristics. In this thesis, we develop an alternative approach of parsimonious models based on simple graphs of interconnected compartments, taken as generalized multiple interacting continua (MINC) and multiple rate mass transfer (MRMT). We show that this approach is well suited to systems where diffusion-like processes are dominant over advection, like for instance in soils or highly heterogeneous aquifers like fractured aquifers. Homogenization induced by diffusion reduces concentration gradients, speeds up mixing between chemical species and makes residence time distributions excellent proxies for reactivity. Indeed, simplified structures calibrated solely from transit time information prove to provide consistent estimations of non-linear reactivity (e.g. sorption and precipitation/dissolution). Finally, we show how these models can be applied to tracer observations and to biodegradation reactions. Two important advantages of these parsimonious approaches are their facility of development and application. They help identifying the major controls of exchanges between advective and diffusive zones or between inert and reactive zones. They are also amenable to extrapolate reactive processes at larger scale. The use of isotopic fractionation data is proposed to help discriminating between structure-induced effects and reactivity

Ghasemifard, Homa [Verfasser], Annette [Akademischer Betreuer] Menzel, Annette [Gutachter] Menzel e Jia [Gutachter] Chen. "Tracing atmospheric carbon dioxide: pollution sources and air-mass transport influencing high Alpine areas in Central Europe / Homa Ghasemifard ; Gutachter: Annette Menzel, Jia Chen ; Betreuer: Annette Menzel". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221719505/34.

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Araújo, Susana Manso. "Tracking sources of fecal pollution in Berlenga Island". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9740.

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Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada
As águas marinhas costeiras são suscetíveis a contaminação fecal, tanto por fontes pontuais, como por fontes difusas, que podem ter contribuições de fontes individuais pertencentes a animais selvagens, animais domésticos e seres humanos. Os inputs de fontes difusas no ambiente são dispersos e esporádicos, o que torna a sua deteção difícil. A distinção entre a contaminação fecal de origem humana e não-humana tem vindo a tornar-se, nos últimos anos, um objetivo global crucial, uma vez que tem impacto na saúde humana e na economia local. Uma vez que a qualidade das águas superficiais é relevante para a saúde pública devido à sua ampla utilização, especialmente em atividades de lazer e consumo de marisco, a avaliação das fontes de poluição fecal primárias torna-se, assim, uma medida prioritária. Apesar da contaminação fecal por animais selvagens ser considerada de baixo risco para a saúde humana quando comparada com a poluição fecal de origem humana, as fezes de animais selvagens podem também transportar microrganismos patogénicos para humanos. Nos últimos anos, um problema de contaminação fecal foi detetado na água da praia da Ilha da Berlenga. No sentido de esclarecer qual a origem desta contaminação surgiu este estudo, tendo como principal objetivo a determinação e identificação da(s) fonte(s) de poluição fecal responsáveis pela contaminação da água detetada na Ilha da Berlenga. Este objetivo foi alcançado utilizando a metodologia de “Microbial Source Tracking”, através de tipagem molecular (BOXPCR) de isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes da água da praia, de fezes de gaivotas e de um efluente de origem humana e da análise dos dendrogramas resultantes. Para além disso, outros aspetos foram analisados, nomeadamente, a abundância relativa, a saturação de amostragem e índices de diversidade. Tendo em conta os dados resultantes do presente estudo, é possível concluir que: (i) as gaivotas podem ser consideradas o principal responsável pela poluição fecal da água praia; (ii) o método de amostragem e a estratégia da análise dos resultados obtidos podem ser considerados eficientes, para este tipo de ambiente e isolados; e (iii) o esforço de amostragem não foi suficiente para atingir toda a diversidade das populações de E. coli durante amostragem permitindo, no entanto, concluir quanto à principal fonte de contaminação fecal neste ambiente.
Coastal marine waters are often susceptible to fecal contamination from a range of point and nonpoint sources, with potential contributions from many individual sources belonging to wildlife, domesticated animals, and humans. These nonpoint source inputs into the environment are dispersed and sporadic, which makes their detection difficult. The distinction between human and non-human fecal contamination is becoming an important worldwide purpose, in light of the impact of fecal pollution on human health and economic affairs. Since quality of surface waters is relevant to public health due its wide use, particularly for recreational activities and seafood consumption, accurate assessment of primary sources of fecal pollution is clearly a priority measure. While fecal contamination from wildlife sources is often believed to present low human health risks compared to sewage, wildlife species are believed to carry human pathogens that may pose a health risk to humans as well. In the last few years a problem of fecal contamination has been detected in the beach of the Berlenga Island. Thus, this study has emerged having as major aim the determination and identification of which sources of fecal pollution are the responsible for the water contamination detected in the Berlenga Island. This aim was achieved using a Microbial Source Tracking methodology through molecular typing (BOX-PCR) of Escherichia coli isolates from contaminated water, seagull feces and a human-derived effluent and analysis of the resulting clustering. In addition, relative abundance, sampling saturation and diversity indices were analyzed. Taking into account the data resulting from the present study, it is possible to conclude that: (i) the seagulls can be considered the main responsible for the fecal pollution of the beach water; (ii) the sampling method and the analysis methodology can be considered efficient to this type of environment and isolates; (iii) the sampling efforts were not enough to achieve all the diversity of the E. coli populations sampled allowing, however, the determination of the dominant source of fecal pollution in this environment.

Bothamy, Nina. "Fractionnement anthropique et naturel des isotopes stables du néodyme (Nd) dans l'environnement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0295.

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Avec une utilisation mondiale croissante pour des applications variées (nouvelles technologies, énergies vertes, etc.), les terres rares (REEs pour ‘rare earth elements’) sont devenues des polluants émergents. Ces pollutions peuvent/pourront être d’origine industrielle (ex. rejets dans l’environnement en sortie d’usine), minière, ou causées par le stockage inapproprié de produits industriels (ex. aimants à base de néodyme (Nd) fragiles à la corrosion). Dans ce contexte, ce projet de thèse a cherché à développer un nouvel outil : l’étude du fractionnement dépendant de la masse des isotopes du Nd (δNd en ‰). Les objectifs de ce projet ont été i) d’apporter un maximum d’éléments pour aider à tracer les pollutions anthropiques de Nd dans l’environnement et ii) d’aider à mieux comprendre comment fonctionne l’accumulation des REEs par les plantes, en particulier les fougères hyperaccumulatrices Dicranopteris linearis, dans le but d’appuyer les études de phytoremédiation des sites pollués. Le δNd de matériels anthropiques (solutions synthétiques de Nd pur et aimants industriels Nd2Fe14B) a été mesuré (gamme de variation de 1,45 ‰ en δ148Nd, littérature incluse) et comparé à la signature des roches terrestres de la littérature (gamme de 0,66 ‰). Les résultats montrent que l’utilisation combinée i) du rapport de l’isotope radiogénique 143Nd/144Nd (ε143Nd, traceur de sources), ii) de la composition des isotopes stables du Nd (δNd, traceur de sources et processus) et, iii) du type de fractionnement (cinétique ou à l’équilibre thermodynamique) des isotopes stables du Nd, peut permettre à l’avenir de distinguer le Nd naturel du Nd anthropique et de tracer ce Nd anthropique dans l’environnement. La mesure du δNd de 5 spécimens de fougères D. linearis, ainsi que de 3 standards biologiques (lichen, feuilles de pommes et lentilles d’eau) a permis de déterminer de façon évidente que la biologie peut fractionner les isotopes stables du Nd. Les valeurs extrêmes en δ148Nd, parmi les échantillons biologiques, sont -0,415 ± 0,060 ‰ et -0,011 ± 0,022 ‰ (2σmean), respectivement pour l’une des pétioles des fougères et pour les lentilles d’eau. Trois résultats principaux en découlent : i) le fractionnement des isotopes stables (δNd) est corrélé au fractionnement des REEs légères par rapport aux REEs lourdes pour tous les échantillons mesurés (fougères, lichen, feuilles de pomme, lentilles d’eau et tous les sols) ; ii) le transport et la distribution du Nd (et des REEs) dans les différentes parties des fougères sont corrélés à ceux du manganèse (Mn), suggérant un mécanisme de transport similaire des REEs et du Mn, pour les fougères mais aussi chez d’autres végétaux comme les pommiers ; iii) la dégradation de l’argile, sur laquelle les REEs sont massivement adsorbées dans les sols étudiés, peut induire le fractionnement des isotopes stables du Nd des sols, que ce soit une dégradation causée par des processus naturels (ex. biologie) ou anthropiques (extraction des REEs avec des acides miniers)
With the worldwide growing demand for various applications (new technologies, green energies, etc.), rare earth elements (REEs) are now considered as emerging pollutants. These pollutions are/will be of industrial origin (e.g. industrial wastes), of mining origin, or caused by the inappropriate storage of industrial products (e.g. neodymium (Nd) magnets fragile against corrosion). In this context, this PhD project aims to develop a new tool: the study of the mass-dependent isotopic fractionation of Nd (δNd in ‰). The goals of this work were to i) bring the maximum of information in order to help to identify and trace anthropogenic Nd in the environment, and ii) help the understanding of how plants accumulate REEs, especially the hyperaccumulator Dicranopteris linearis ferns, in order to support the studies about the phytoremediation of polluted areas. The δNd of anthropogenic materials (pure Nd synthetic solutions, Nd2Fe14B industrial magnets; δ148Nd range of 1.45 ‰, literature included) was compared to the signature of natural terrestrial rocks of the literature (δ148Nd range of 0.66 ‰). Our results show that the use together of i) the 143Nd radiogenic isotope (ε143Nd, tracer of sources), ii) the stable Nd isotopic composition of Nd (δNd, tracer of sources and processes) and, iii) the kind of stable Nd isotopic fractionation (kinetic or thermodynamic equilibrium), could allow the distinction of the natural from the anthropogenic Nd, and to trace the anthropogenic Nd in the environment. The measurement of the δNd of 5 D. linearis fern specimens, and of 3 biological standards (lichen, apple leaves and duck weed) allowed discovering that biology can fractionate the stable Nd isotopes. Extreme δ148Nd values are -0.415 ± 0.060 ‰ and -0.011 ± 0.022 ‰ (2σmean), respectively for one of the fern petiole and the duck weed. Three principal results were obtained: i) the δNd fractionation is correlated to the fractionation of the light REEs than the heavy REEs for all the studied samples (ferns, lichen, apple leaves, duck weed and all soil materials); ii) the distribution and transport of Nd (and REEs) in the different parts of ferns are correlated to those of manganese (Mn), suggesting similar transport mechanisms for REEs and Mn, for ferns but also for other plants as apple trees; iii) the degradation of clay minerals, on which REEs are mostly adsorbed in the studied soils, can induce the fractionation of stable Nd isotopes, from natural processes (e.g. biological) or anthropogenic processes (REEs mining acidic extraction)

McKinney, Julie Michelle. "Identifying Sources of Fecal Pollution in the Appomattox River Watershed". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9951.

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Sources of E. coli were determined from impaired waterways in the Appomattox River watershed (in the lower Piedmont and South-Central Virginia) for the development of bacterial Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). The Appomattox River watershed is primarily undeveloped with 70.8% of the land forested, 17.0% used for agriculture (mainly livestock production), and 7.7% classified as water, wetland or barren land. The remaining 4.5% is developed for residential, commercial, and industrial land uses (mainly within the city of Petersburg). Using Antibiotic Resistance Analysis, a known source library of 1,280 E. coli isolates (320 isolates per source) was constructed. Water samples were collected monthly for between eleven and fourteen months (11/02-12/03) from 40 locations throughout the Appomattox watershed and analyzed for fecal coliforms, E. coli, and resistance to 7 antibiotics of varying concentrations. A total of 486 water samples (9,907 isolates) were analyzed during the study. The objectives of this study were verify that each sampling site exceeded state bacterial count standards (using fecal coliform data), to compare the Discriminate Analysis and Logistic Regression statistical models for use in the classification of isolates, and finally to determine the source of contamination at each site. The fecal coliform and E.coli data was used to determine if each site exceeded state standards during the assessment period. Thirty-eight of the sites exceeded the fecal coliform standard at least 10% of the time, and thirty-three exceeded the E.coli standard at least 10% of the time. Discriminate Analysis (DA) is typically used to classify isolates, but the results obtained from the DA model were unrealistic based on the watershed land uses. By statistically analyzing the original 1,280 E.coli isolates six different ways, a more appropriate classification of isolates was determined. The six analyzing methods were Regular DA and Logistic Regression (LR); DA and LR where each isolate whose probability fell below 80% was deleted; DA and LR where each isolate whose probability fell below 80% was used to create an Unknown category. The Logistic Regression model with an Unknown category proved to be the most appropriate. By using the Logistic Regression model, with Unknown category, to classify isolates, twenty five of the forty sites were discovered to be contaminated predominately with Livestock and fourteen of the sites predominately by Wildlife. One site was equally divided between these two categories. Human and Pet contamination were not dominant at any of the forty sites. This comparison of the DA and LR statistical methods could change the analysis standard for Bacterial Source Tracking and suggests that the model required to classify isolates depends on the watershed characteristics.
Master of Science

Huang, Xixi. "Identification of Putative Geographic Sources of Bacterial Pollution in Lake Erie by Molecular Fingerprinting". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1172507289.

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Libri sul tema "Tracing pollution":

Geological Survey (U.S.), a cura di. Tracing and dating young ground water. [Reston, Va.?: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Rohmann, Steven O. Tracing a river's toxic pollution: A case study of the Hudson. New York, N.Y: INFORM, 1985.

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Rohmann, Steven O. Tracing a river's toxic pollution: A case study of the Hudson, phase II. New York, NY: INFORM, 1987.

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Kossik, Richard F. Tracing and modeling pollutant transport in Boston Harbor. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986.

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Cubbage, Jim. Drainage basin tracing study: Phase II chemicals found in storm drains and outfalls to Sinclair and Dyes Inlets, Washington. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, 1995.

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Chen, Ajiang, Pengli Cheng e Yajuan Luo. Chinese "Cancer Villages". Tradotto da Jennifer Holdaway. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089647221.

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The phenomenon of "cancer villages" has emerged in many parts of rural China, drawing media attention and becoming a fact of social life. However, the relationship between pollution and disease is often hard to discern. Through sociological analysis of several villages with different social and economic structures, the authors offer a comprehensive, historically grounded analysis of the coexistence between the incidence of cancer, environmental pollution and villagers’ lifestyles, as well as the perceptions, claims and responses of different actors. They situate the appearance of "cancer villages" in the context of social, economic and cultural change in China, tracing the evolution of the issue over two decades, and providing deep insights into the complex interactions and trade-offs between economic growth, environmental change and public health.

inc, Tetra Tech, e United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water, a cura di. Techniques for tracking, evaluating, and reporting the implementation of nonpoint source control measures. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1997.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development. Microbial source tracking guide document. Cincinnati, Oh: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2005.

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Hagedorn, Charles, Anicet R. Blanch e Valerie J. Harwood. Microbial source tracking: Methods, applications, and case studies. New York: Springer, 2011.

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E, Taggart Bruce, Colman John A, Cooke Matthew G e Geological Survey (U.S.), a cura di. Tracking polychlorinated biphenyls in the Millers River basin, Massachusetts. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Tracing pollution":

Åberg, GörAN E. "Tracing Pollution and its Sources with Isotopes". In Acid rain 2000, 1577–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0810-5_110.

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Hung, Chih-Chieh, Hong-En Hsiao, Chuang-Chieh Lin e Hui-Huang Hsu. "Air Pollution Source Tracing Framework: Leveraging Microsensors and Wind Analysis for Pollution Source Identification". In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 142–54. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1714-9_12.

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Skrzypek, G. "Conceptual Sampling Design for Tracing Agropollutants on a Catchment Scale". In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 11–16. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_2.

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AbstractThis chapter provides guidelines for designing a sampling programme for tracing agricultural pollutants using stable isotope techniques at different catchment scales. This sampling template could be considered for the application of various tracers with respect to local needs and study objectives. The template is based on a series of overlapping mixing models that use ‘triple sampling points’ to identify major sources of pollution by estimating pollution budgets in different subcatchments along the water flow pathways. This framework can be further specified, and a more detailed sampling network can be developed after analysing the results obtained from the initial sampling. Step-by-step technical instructions on how to collect and preserve water samples for stable isotope analyses can be found in a separate document published by the International Atomic Energy Agency as a Standard Operating Procedure (Skrzypek in Sampling and isotope analysis of agricultural pollutants in water IAEA TECDOC SERIES. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp. 2–21, 2018).

Blake, W. H., A. Taylor, E. Muñoz-Arcos, L. Ovando-Fuentealba, C. Bravo-Linares e G. E. Millward. "Quantifying Sediment and Associated Pollutants Sources in Agricultural Catchments Using Isotopic Techniques". In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 127–55. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_7.

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AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of nuclear tools used in sediment source apportionment studies, summarising essential information about the use of fallout radionuclides, elemental geochemistry, and compound-specific stable isotopes. Exemplar studies are described to show how the method can inform decision making at farm and basin scales to control diffuse water pollution by agriculture.

Skrzypek, G. "Principles of Mixing and Fractionation Models". In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 17–31. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_3.

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AbstractUpfront consideration of possible mixing scenarios is required to achieve an optimal sampling design and deliver a successful project. This will also help increase efficiency by reducing the number of samples, workload and cost without compromising the final outcomes. Chapter 2 summarised key information about a conceptual framework for devising a sampling design for tracing non-particulate agricultural pollutants in surface and groundwaters on a catchment scale. This chapter provides a short introduction to mixing models applicable to tracers for water pollution studies.

Trini Castelli, Silvia, Gianni Tinarelli, Francesco Uboldi, Piero Malguzzi e Paolo Bonasoni. "Developments of SPRAY Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model for Tracing the Origin of Odour Nuisance". In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII, 35–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_5.

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Imfeld, G., G. Skrzypek, J. Adu-Gyamfi e L. Heng. "Conclusion: Stable Isotope Tracers Are Useful for the Identification of Pollutants in Agro-ecosystems". In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 157–64. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_8.

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AbstractPollutant management in agro-ecosystems is a complex challenge that requires two key questions to be answered: (i) how to improve identification and quantification of pollutant sources, transport pathways and fate on the catchment scale? and (ii) how to prioritise and combine soil and water management practices to minimise the use and impact of agro-pollutants? An integrative book such as this one, focusing on the stable H, C, N, O and S isotope compositions of a variety of agro-pollutants, may help to address the first question and enable increasingly precise and robust evaluation of pollution in agro-ecosystems.

Nyakudya, Ratidzo Yvonne, e Michael Ayomoh. "Sustainability Enhancement of the Coal Based Direct Reduction of Iron Premised on a Rotary Kiln". In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 211–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_24.

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AbstractSustainability of steel manufacturing industries in most under developing economies around the globe has become an issue of concern bothering around both environmental and systemic sustainability. The principles of circular economy (CE) in systems thinking (ST) have been proposed in this paper as a measure towards augmenting the sustainability of coal based Direct Reduction of Iron (DRI) process. The DRI approach for steel production is preferred for economic reasons in most low-income countries, even though it is an inevitably dirty process, emitting gaseous and solid wastes in large quantities. The pollution level of the DRI process violates the United Nations sustainable development goal no. 13 which focuses on climate action. The concept of CE in ST has been presented as a comprehensive measure that is capable of reducing and aiding with the recovery of wastes in the DRI process through effective tracing, tracking and control within an integrated network.

Haarstad, Ketil. "Constructed Wetlands and Groundwater Infiltration Treating Industrial Wastewater, Treatment Efficiency, and Pollution Tracing". In Water Management and the Environment: Case Studies, 279–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79014-5_13.

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Quaghebeur, D., G. Hiernaux e E. De Wulf. "Tracing a Source of Pollution by Determination of Specific Pollutants in Surface- and Groundwater". In Organic Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment, 142–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4660-6_16.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Tracing pollution":

Zhou, Huanyu, Ni Zhang, Di Huang, Zhanyu Ma, Weisong Hu e Jun Guo. "Activation force-based air pollution tracing". In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content (IC-NIDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnidc.2016.7974610.

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Boente, Carlos, Marco Antonio Guzmán, Diego Baragaño, Marcos Escobar, Gonzalo Márquez e José Luis Rodríguez Gallego. "Tracing Soil Pollution Sources through Forensic Geochemistry". In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134361.

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Haarstad, K. "Tracing pollution from the dismantling of oil production equipment and landfills as water pollution sources using mercury dust and a stable carbon isotope". In WATER POLLUTION 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp160031.

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Gbikpi-Benissan, Guillaume, e Frederic Magoules. "Beam-Tracing Domain Decomposition Method for Urban Acoustic Pollution". In 2014 13th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science (DCABES). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcabes.2014.34.

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Du, Xin, Fang Zeng, Guoliang Shi e Yinchang Feng. "Smart Pollution Source Tracing via Gradient Tree Boosting Regression". In 2019 International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data and Business Intelligence (MLBDBI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlbdbi48998.2019.00077.

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Ostera, Hector A., Cecilia Torres Vilar e Martin Eugenio Fasola. "Tracing Groundwater Pollution in the Oil Industry: Myths and Reality". In Latin American & Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/108275-ms.

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Liu, Xin-Chen, Elizabeth Keily e Arif M. Sikder. "TRACING THE EVIDENCE OF POLLUTION IN SEDIMENTS DUE TO COAL COMBUSTION". In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286335.

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Rohmann, S. "Tracing a River's Toxic Pollution: A Case Study of the Hudson". In OCEANS '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1986.1160403.

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Norbu, Namkha, Shuguang Wang, Yan Xu, Jianqiang Yang e Qiang Liu. "Application of zinc isotope tracer technology in tracing soil heavy metal pollution". In GREEN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT I: Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Energy and Sustainable Development (GESD 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4993040.

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Jia, Junhu, Youfu Jiang, Ming Yang e Kaihao Hu. "River and canal sudden water pollution tracing based on the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm". In International Conference on Computer Graphics, Artificial Intelligence, and Data Processing (ICCAID 2023), a cura di Harris Wu e Haiwu Li. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3026787.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Tracing pollution":

Jackson, J. G. Fiscal Year 2009 Y-12 Site Profile for DOE Pollution Prevention Tracking and Reporting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/969029.

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Saadeh, Shadi, e Pritam Katawał. Performance Testing of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Recycled Waste Plastic. Mineta Transportation Institute, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2045.

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Plastic pollution has become one of the major concerns in the world. Plastic waste is not biodegradable, which makes it difficult to manage waste plastic pollution. Recycling and reusing waste plastic is an effective way to manage plastic pollution. Because of the huge quantity of waste plastic released into the world, industries requiring a large amount of material, like the pavement industry, can reuse some of this mammoth volume of waste plastics. Similarly, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has also become common practice to ensure sustainability. The use of recycled waste plastics and RAP in HMA mix can save material costs and conserve many pavement industries’ resources. To successfully modify HMA with RAP and waste plastic, the modified HMA should exhibit similar or better performance compared to conventional HMA. In this study, recycled waste plastic, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and RAP were added to conventional HMA, separately and together. The mechanical properties of conventional and modified HMA were examined and compared. The fatigue cracking resistance was measured with the IDEAL Cracking (IDEAL CT) test, and the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was conducted to investigate the rutting resistance of compacted HMA samples. The IDEAL CT test results showed that the cracking resistance was similar across plastic modified HMA and conventional HMA containing virgin aggregates. However, when 20% RAP aggregates were used in the HMA mix, the fatigue cracking resistance was found to be significantly lower in plastic modified HMA compared to conventional HMA. The rutting resistance from the HWT test at 20,000 passes was found to be similar in all conventional and modified HMA.