Tesi sul tema "Town planning history"

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1

Papit, Judith L. "Minoan Town Planning". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214820.

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Art History
Ph.D.
"Prehistoric Town Planning in Crete" was published in 1950 by Richard Hutchinson. He determined there was no evidence of town planning on Minoan Crete except for two instances. Hutchinson's approach compared the layout of the few excavated Minoan towns to other contemporary sites, such as Kahun, Egypt and Harrappa, India. These towns were laid out in grid-like squares, on flat, level ground. Compared to these sites the settlements on Crete appeared as an amalgamation of disorganized, organic growth. More than half a century has elapsed between Hutchinson's article and this study. Within that time many more Minoan sites and towns have been excavated and published. This greater corpus offers an opportunity to examine Minoan town planning with a new eye. This greater number of excavated Minoan towns allows for a study of town planning by comparing Minoan communities to one another. When an investigation is done comparing sites within Crete only, a pattern starts to emerge. To accomplish this analysis nine elements of Minoan town planning are defined, examined at individual sites, and compared among settlements. These nine elements are: 1. A street system adhering to the natural contours of the land 2. Buildings arranged in irregular, attached blocks defined by the street system 3. A large plateia or centrally located community court easily accessible from all parts of the town 4. Other open public spaces throughout the settlement 5. An elite building near the plateia 6. Public buildings in which there is no habitation 7. Semi-public buildings 8. Built fortifications 9. Extramural dependencies, which are structural features or natural areas outside the borders of the town proper but are an integral part of the community This comparison elucidates a very specific and existing type of Minoan town planning. It began at least as early as Early Minoan II and reached its apogee in Late Minoan I. What at first glance looks random, is not. Minoan towns were laid out within the constraints of the local landscape and with the desired aesthetic. The result was a lifestyle in LM I far beyond subsistence living.
Temple University--Theses
2

Earnest, Royce M. "Elbert Peets| Town Planning and Ecology, 1915-1968". Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10273103.

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Elbert Peets (1886-1968) designed some significant town plans in the early to mid-twentieth century. His design work was successful and well regarded at the time, and his plans for Greendale, Wisconsin and Park Forest, Illinois were influential for post-World War II suburban developments. These town plans, and others such as Wyomissing, Pennsylvania and Washington Highlands, Wisconsin have continued to be vibrant and successful neighborhoods. Peets also wrote widely, and most notably was the co-author of The American Vitruvius; An Architect’s Handbook of Urban Design. However, though these contributions were notable, Peets has been largely neglected in the historiography of twentieth century urban and landscape studies. Histories of the period have tended to focus on a few heroic figures and major movements like the advent of International Style modernism. This study adds to the history of the period by showing that the appearance of a monolithic narrative of the time is incomplete and that including alternative points of view like Peets’s provides both a more accurate and more interesting history.

There are three primary arguments for this study. The first is that the quality of the work itself merits recognition. Beyond noting that there was interesting work being done, the qualities that made Peets’s work notable, emphasis on user-centered humanistic designs, inclusion of site-specific ecological features, and concentration on the primacy of social streets as the centerpiece of neighborhood plans, were distinctly at odds with the dominant narrative of the modernist agenda. The second argument, and the one that has not received attention, is that the plans incorporate sensitivity to ecological concerns that grew from the growth of scientific forestry, the rise of ecological science, and the growing conservation movement at the beginning of the twentieth century. Peets was exposed to these trends from his education at Harvard’s Landscape Program, and to a greater degree than his contemporaries, he incorporated those concepts into his town plans in the form of riparian protection zones and greenways. Finally, this study will interrogate the reasons that Peets has been overlooked. His association with the Garden City movement and with a precedent-based design approach at the time that European modernism as advocated by Le Corbusier, Gropius, and Hilberseimer resulted in his being associated with a traditionalism and historicism that was falling out of fashion. This study will recognize Peets’s contributions, and more broadly will investigate how the vagaries of fashion in design trends result in a significant figure being overlooked.

This study will challenge the dominant narrative of the rise of modernism by recognizing an alternative and competing path for urban design. Peets’s work, along with other critiques of the modernist agenda that noted the anti-urbanist implications of modernist urban renewal and its devaluing of social streets, illustrates an overlooked and valuable episode in the trajectory of mid-century urban planning practice and urban theory.

3

Passmore, Adrian. "Planning language : the history of planning and the discourse of reconstruction in Plymouth and Caen". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339058.

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4

Pezzoni, J. Daniel. "Town form". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45902.

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American town form consists of primary form - the layout of streets, lots and other features determined for a town at its inception - and secondary form - the fabric of building and usage that a town acquires over time. This thesis explores the primary and secondary form of ante-bellum Western Virginia Towns, and offers several interpretations of the cultural meaning recorded in town form.
Master of Architecture
5

Barnett, Naomi. "Race, housing and town planning in Cape Town, c.1920-1940 : with special reference to District Six". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21704.

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This thesis traces the Cape Town Council's housing policy from 1920 to 1940 in relation to those citizens (in this instance members of the Coloured community) who could not afford to home themselves. The onus to provide such housing in urban areas rested upon the local authority in terms of the Housing Act No. 35 of 1920. The 'racial factor' is put into context, the thesis maintaining that the 'Cape liberal tradition' notwithstanding, for Cape Town as for all other South African municipalities, there was no question but that separate housing provision would be provided for the separate racial groups. District Six is shown to have been one of the most overcrowded, poverty-stricken and neglected areas in the city, and quite naturally occupies a leading role in the thesis. The effects of the Slums Act No. 53 of 1934 on District Six is emphasised: the Act was used not only to facilitate slum demolition, but, more importantly, to enable Council to plan an entirely new District Six on the Council-made ruins of the old. This thesis thus maintains that, contrary to previous research, the Slums Act was concerned only with slum elimination, and was not designed to ensure alternative accommodation for evicted slum dwellers. Instead, it was used to fashion a proposed new town plan for Cape Town. The plan for a new District Six which emerged in 1940 would have meant the annihilation of the District as sorely as the whites-only promulgation under the Group Areas Act in 1966 did. This is examined in the last-but-one chapter. Early in 1936 a new interpretation of the Slums Act which had not been apparent when the Act was promulgated in 1934, enabled the Council to ignore the rehousing of evicted slum dwellers. Now it was ruled that slum demolition should not be held back 'by the use of the excuse' that no alternative accommodation was available for the victims. The Slums Act, ironically, thus relieved the Council of the responsibility of rehousing evicted slum dwellers. By this stage, it was apparent that the City Engineer was not interested in the restoration and upgrading of individual buildings in District Six, but was bent on obtaining, by judicious demolition, as many areas as possible of 'suitable size and dimensions' for further development, not necessarily rehousing. Another preoccupation of this thesis is the Council's dilatory response to the housing needs of its citizens, the thesis assessing the responsible factors. Emphasising Council's ineptness or unwillingness to get to grips with the housing crisis, is a chapter on the Council's housing of the poor and the very poor. All in all this thesis demonstrates the Council's over-riding reluctance to 'burden' the ratepayers with the provision of much-needed housing, a reluctance emphasised by Council's oft-repeated protestations that contemplated housing schemes would not cost the ratepayers a penny. As shown, this was indeed true - housing was profitable and a 'good investment' for the city. This factor was, however, conveniently ignored, Council pursuing a parsimonious housing policy dreadfully slowly, never going beyond the fringes of the city's housing needs.
6

Hardy, D. "A history of the Town and Country Planning Association, 1899-1946". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510238.

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7

Sandalack, Beverly Ann. "Continuity of history and form : the Canadian prairie town". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263042.

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8

Williams, Laura. "Rus in urbe : greening the English town, 1660-1760". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683367.

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9

Triplett, Dana Elizabeth. "Town Planning and Architecture on Eighteenth Century St Eustatius". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625949.

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10

Zituta, Heyman Mandlakayise. "The spatial planning of racial residential segregation in King William's Town : 1826-1991". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005531.

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This study investigates the spatial planning of racial residential segregation in King William's Town, induding its former homeland township of Zwelitsha, from 1826 to 1991. The first settlement in the 'white' King William's Town, Brownlee Mission Station, was established in 1826.The town of King William's Town was developed from this settlement. The racial laws which were applied to segregate blacks nationally and locally came to an end in 1991. Primary sources of information were used to determine whether King William's Town was planned along racial lines and to determine the major role players who formulated and implemented the policy. Key sources were archival material, newspapers, maps, interviews, Deeds Office files and the work of other scholars. The establishment of the towm from its genesis as a mission station and a military base is traced and the effects of this legacy on racial separation is detailed. It was found that racial planning of residential areas in King William's Town had been practised in this small town for a long time (prior to the Group Areas Act). The implementation of this policy was marked by forced removal of blacks from areas which were regarded as being for whites. These predominently African concentrations on the east bank of the Buffalo River were relocated to the west bank which was regarded as a black area.An anomalous incident was discovered in this study namely that these racial removals took place before the central state introduced national policy which compelled all local states to plan their residential areas along ethnic considerations. In parallel with the practice of segregation in King William's Town, the township of Zwelitsha was developed adjacent to the town by the government. As this thesis reveals, the development of Zwelitsha was intimately related to that of King William's Town. The major role players in planning residential areas on racial basis were identified as the municipal Council of King William's Town. They were involved in planning racially segregated areas before and after the Group Areas Act. They (the Council) succeeded in closing all freehold locations in the town (1940) and forced the residents to become their tenants who rented dwellings in the west bank municipal location. There were attempts to incorporate this municipal location into the neighbouring homeland township of Zwelitsha. This move was eventually accomplished when all townships in the vicinity of King William's Town were amalgamated to form King William's Town Transitional Local Council in terms of the Local Government Transition Act of 1994 (Government Gazette No. 15468 of 2nd February 1994).
11

Sjöstrand, Johan. "Cultivating authenticity : Perceptions of Zanzibari culture and history within the heritage management of Stone Town". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-105277.

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The aim of this thesis is to acquire a deeper understanding of the relationship betweenheritage management, the tourism industry and perceptions of authenticity in the worldheritage site of Stone Town in Zanzibar, Tanzania. This is a case study within the field ofheritage studies with a focus on planning and the production of authenticity. In this study Iintend to shed light on the ideas and perceptions on authenticity that shapes the conservationand promotion of the world heritage of Stone Town. Furthermore I wish to examine how thetourists in Stone Town interact and relates to this imagery. This study contains number ofqualitative interviews with planners, heritage officials, policy-makers and tourists in StoneTown who gives their perspective on culture, history and perceptions on authenticity. Theconcept of authenticity will be discussed using a constructivistic approach in order to revealinherent power relations within Zanzibari interpretations on authenticity. One of the keyfindings in this study is that the focus on historic cosmopolitanism, which is seen as a majorpart of the Zanzibari heritage, is believed to be threatened by new influences from heritagetourism and immigration from East Africa. This results in a exclusionary policy-making andnarrow perspectives on Zanzibari culture.
12

Guillot, Jean-François. "Les idées de temps et de vivant chez les urbanistes du Musée social aux villes nouvelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0010.

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L'urbanisme français, né au début du XXe siècle, cherche des bases scientifiques et une méthode. L'usage abondant et varié d'images biologiques apporte une commodité épistémologique mais aussi bien des confusions. Les idées d'évolution et d'organisme induisent chez les urbanistes des représentations de la mémoire et de l'histoire urbaine qui stimulent le débat et qui font apparaître la difficulté de poser de façon certaine les lois de l'urbain. L'idée de loi, rapprochée du temps et du vivant, permet de toucher une des ambiguïtés majeures des discours : le passage de la loi de développement et de fonctionnement urbains, qu'on considère comme naturelle, à la loi normative ou prescriptive. C'est dans la conception du temps politique urbain que se nouent ces problèmes. Et le récit de la ville, rédigé ou implicite, est l'objet où se lisent le mieux les enjeux du débat. On étudie ici les textes des urbanistes en les faisant dialoguer entre eux, et en se référant aux philosophes, que les urbanistes appellent parfois eux-mêmes, afin de clarifier le plus possible les représentations du temps et du vivant qui président à l'élaboration du savoir et du savoir-faire de l'urbaniste des années 1900 aux années 1970
French town planning, born at the beginning of the 20th century, seeks scientific bases and a method. The abundant and varied use of biological images brings epistemological convenience but also confusions. The ideas of evolution and organism induce in town planners representations of memory and urban history which stimulate debate and which reveal the difficulty of laying down the laws of the urban with certainty. The idea of law, approximated to time and the life, makes it possible to touch one of the major ambiguities of discourse : the passage from the law of urban development and functioning, which is considered to be natural, to normative or prescriptive law. It is in the conception of urban political time that these problems arise. And the narrative of the city, written or implicit, is the object where the issues of the debate are best read. We study here the texts of town planners by making them dialogue with each other, and by referring to the philosophers, to whom town planners sometimes refer, in order to clarify as much as possible the representations of time and of life which govern the elaboration of the the knowledge and know-how of the town planner from the 1900s to the 1970s
13

Parikh, Anokhi. "The private city : planning, property, and protest in the making of Lavasa New Town, India". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3203/.

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This dissertation is an ethnographic study of Lavasa, a new town planned, built and managed by a private company in India. It examines the ideologies, institutional arrangements, and political processes at work in the making of this town. It takes seriously the attempt to create a ‘market utopia’ (an inclusive, environmentally sustainable, properly planned, and profitable town), treating it as an empirical phenomenon with social consequences, and asks: why, how, and with what effects did Lavasa come to be? In tracing its conception, production, and contestation, the dissertation analyses the processes and consequences of transforming a rural landscape into an urban place. I make two main arguments. First, the construction of Lavasa is fundamentally speculative and is centred on the ability to transform cheap rural land into urban real estate. I show that the land market that enables the city is actively manufactured by the state, through powerful local political actors, and networks of brokers and agrarian intermediaries. The construction of this land market produces a speculative environment: one in which trading in land simultaneously becomes an opportunity to make money, a cause of dispossession, and a way to lay claim to the city. Second, such speculation generates both resistance against and support for the project. It also, paradoxically, emboldens the ideological project of city-making. Collective action is rendered difficult as it is mediated by the same conditions and state that created the land market. Therefore the contestation takes another form that moves beyond the domain of land, is couched in environmental concerns, and leverages a different level of the state to ultimately stall the project. I demonstrate how the symbolic power of this ‘market utopia’ conceals the conditions of its possibility, that is, the ways in which it was made through the state, through speculation, and the discursive and material operations of the land market. I show how this land market is historically and socio-politically constructed, and how its construction shapes and informs the politics of planning, privatisation, and resistance.
14

Homer, Andrew. "Administration and social change in the post-war British new towns : a case study of Stevenage and Hemel Hempstead 1946-70". Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/620746.

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This thesis examines one of the major town planning projects of the post-war period, the British new towns programme. It is a comparative study of two 'mark one' new towns, designated after the passing of the New Towns Act in 1946, Stevenage and Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire. The thesis provides a fully integrated study examining the inter-relationship of three factors: the experiences of the new town migrants; the effects of the planned environment of the towns; and the administrative framework within which they were constructed. The thesis examines two main areas: firstly, the consequences of social development policy within the British new towns and, secondly, the nature of social changes experienced by the new town migrants. The thesis outlines the dichotomy between the idealistic intentions of the Labour Government of 1945-51 and the new town planners, and the practical difficulties of putting their plans into practice. There were three main constraints to this idealism: finance, administrative difficulties and the views of the new town migrants themselves. The new towns programme was thus typified by constant struggle between these conflicting forces. Nevertheless, the thesis concludes that the programme was successful as it gave many of the new town migrants the opportunity to have a new home for the first time. The evidence suggests that the new towns soon became examples of thriving communities with ample opportunities for social interaction. However, it should be noted that this social intercourse was often despite, rather than because of, the actions of the government, the new town Development Corporations and the town planners. The thesis draws upon a wide range of sources, both primary and secondary material, published and unpublished. In the area of social development these include the original new town master plans as well as the papers of the Ministry of Housing and the Local Government held at the Public Record Office, Kew. The papers of the Development Corporations and local authorities, which are held at the Hertfordshire County Record Office, have also been used. Reference has also been made to the contemporary planning and sociological literature. Moreover, the discussion and evaluation of the social changes experienced by the population of the new towns is reliant upon records produced by the residents themselves. These include newspapers and newsletters published by the local residents' federations, and personal memoirs.
15

Anbrine, Shama. "The Co-operative Model Town Society : history, planning, architecture and social character of an indigenous garden suburb in colonial Lahore". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2010879/.

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This thesis investigates the Co-operative Model Town Society Lahore; a town covering an area of around 2000 acres developed in the 1920’s in the (then) suburbs of Lahore, capital of Punjab province in British India. The Town is a remarkable interpretation of Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City ideals and the co-operative principles. However, the real significance of the town is it being a unique example of a co-operative garden town built by the local Indian bourgeois, majority of whom were forced to migrate due to the disturbances that followed after the declaration of independence to India and Pakistan in 1947. Despite the admiration and significance of the Town in the realm of pre and post-Independence Lahore, very little has been documented about it. Its formal documented history is non-existent while its original built environment, an excellent example to illustrate late-colonial architecture in the region, is diminishing rapidly due to negligence and reconstructions. The aim of this research is the documentation of history, urban form, social character and architecture of the pre-independence Model Town. Consequently, through an analysis of its built environment this study intends to develop an insight into the colonizer-colonized cultural transfers, in particular, to the transformation of British town planning ideas in the colonies due to their interpretation by the local Indians under the influence of prevalent religious, cultural and social practices. The research was conducted by the process of historical construction, whereby evidences from the documents and the built environment have been used collectively to develop the historiography of the town. The selection of primary material has been based on its availability as the documentary evidences are scattered across Pakistan, India and the UK. The built environment has been documented using the official drawings as well as onsite surveys and measurements where the original drawings are unavailable. The Town has been analysed in a comparative setting with respect to contemporary urban, architectural and social trends and practices prevalent locally ( both by the colonial rulers and the colonized natives) as well as global movements, especially Western ideologies and perspectives and their retrospect local adaptations. The documentation and analysis were used as a ground for four interpretative conclusions. The first conclusion elaborates on the need of urban historiography in Pakistan. The second conclusion interprets the Model Town in the realm of twentieth century urban planning in the region. The third conclusion elaborates on the colonial architectural styles. The fourth conclusion gives an insight into the Model Town with reference to western styled ‘Indian’ nationalism.
16

Davies, Bernard William. "Central Europe – Modernism and the modern movement as viewed through the lens of town planning and building 1895 - 1939". Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3444.

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This thesis sets out to re-locate and redefine the historical arguments around the development of the Modern Movement in architecture. It investigates the development of architectural modernism in Central Europe from 1895-1939 in the towns and cities of the multinational Habsburg Empire, in a creative milieu in which opposition, contrast and difference were the norm. It argues that the evolution of the Modern Movement through the independent nations that arose from the Empire constituted an early and significant engagement with urbanisation, planning and architectural modernism that has been largely overlooked by western scholarship. By reviewing the extant literature in discussion with Central European authorities and by drawing upon a little known range of sources, this thesis brings into focus the role of key individuals such as Plečnik, Fabiani and Kotěra and it explores the significance of developments in town planning in places like Zagreb and Ljubljana. In restoring some of this missing detail and revisiting some of the key sites, the thesis reveals how Central European individuals made early and significant contributions to the development of architectural modernism and the Modern Movement that have hitherto received little critical acknowledgement. What this research reveals is how these figures developed what can be seen as local solutions, rooted in the context and culture of individual towns and cities and their unique histories. However more significantly, this thesis also demonstrates that these independent initiatives were formed with an understanding of - and in response to - wider national and international developments in the field of architectural modernism. In this connection, the thesis can be regarded as part of an emerging academic effort to redress the history of the Modern Movement and an attempt to set in motion a raft of suggestion for further research into this rich field of cultural endeavour.
17

Araújo, Renata 1963. "A urbanização do Mato Grosso no século XVIII-discurso e método". Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29328.

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18

Barry, John Richard. "Overspill and the impact of the Town Development Act, 1945-1982". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709166.

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19

BOLCA, PELIN. "Reconsidering the Western town planning approach for Historic Cities and Memories in Mediterranean Region: The Agence Prost from Paris to İstanbul (1910s-1950s)". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2971118.

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20

Hodges, Charles Thomas. "Forts of the Chieftains: A Study of Vernacular, Classical, and Renaissance Influence on Defensible Town and Villa Plans in 17th-Century Virginia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626396.

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21

Rossa, Walter. "Divercidade-urbanografia do espaço de Coimbra até ao estabelecimento definitivo da Universidade". Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UC-Universidade de Coimbra -- -Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29439.

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22

Bruckman, Deborah L. "Developmental growth, change, and architectural character of an Ohio River town from 1816 to 1966 : New Albany, Indiana, a case study". Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041898.

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This study has presented a comprehensive study on the growth, change, and architectural character of an Ohio River town between 1816 and 1996 using New Albany, Indiana as a case study. The evidence suggest that the majority of New Albany's physical growth occurred between 1838 and 1859, and also between 1953 and 1977. The economy of New Albany transformed several times through the course of its existence. New Albany was first supported by the ship building industry. Many boat manufacturers established ship yards along the banks of the Ohio River in New Albany. The ship building industry in New Albany became non-existent in the early 1970s. The glassmaking industry that replaced the ship building industry was also located along the banks , of the Ohio River.The early twentieth century and the closure of the glass-making industry began a transformation of the location of industries in New Albany. When hardwood companies established plants in New Albany, several were attracted to the undeveloped, flat land in the northeastern fringe of the city. This process of development in the north and northeastern section of the city still continues today.The architectural character that was established in New Albany in the late 1800s remained until the early 1960s and urban renewal. Many historic structures in New Albany were demolished in the 1960s and early 1970s. Much of New Albany's architectural character today was constructed during that period. However, New Albany still retains several historic buildings, and increased preservation efforts has lead to the rehabilitation of many of them.
Department of Architecture
23

Rogalski, Landrot Boris de. "La fabrique matérielle et symbolique de la ville : le cas de Villeurbanne de 1900 à 1950". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0893/document.

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Ma thèse-CIFRE intitulée La fabrique matérielle et symbolique de la ville : le cas de Villeurbanne de 1900 à 1950 porte sur l’analyse des mécanismes de la fabrique urbaine, tant matérielle que symbolique, dans le but de saisir les jeux d’acteurs et l’influence d’expériences urbaines extérieures à la municipalité, grâce auxquels des projets urbains ont pu être élaborés ou médiatisés dans le but de se conformer à un modèle d’urbanité. La fin du XIXe siècle correspond à une période de crispation identitaire à Villeurbanne en raison de la tentative d’annexion lyonnaise. La commune est dès lors mise en récit dans une logique de différenciation par rapport à Lyon afin de convaincre les décideurs politiques de rejeter l’annexion. Cette dernière a pour effet de rapprocher les édiles des communes potentiellement annexées et son échec se traduit par un développement de l’intercommunalité. Jules Grandclément, maire socialiste de 1908 à 1922, entreprend de rationnaliser la gestion municipale et il introduit des innovations urbaines dans une logique réformatrice avant 1914. La Première Guerre mondiale désorganise l’échelon municipal mais elle stimule un renforcement de l’interventionnisme municipal durant le conflit dont hérite la commune en 1919. Une pensée de Villeurbanne telle une ville et non plus une commune de banlieue, émerge alors chez les édiles, soit au moment de l’élaboration du plan d’aménagement, d’embellissement et d’extension. Des échanges de savoirs urbains s’organisent avec d’autres municipalités et plus particulièrement avec des experts lyonnais. Le maire Lazare Goujon (1924-1935) s’inscrit directement dans la continuité des initiatives de son prédécesseur. Il innove en mettant en place une politique urbaine ambitieuse qui modifie la morphologie urbaine en parant dès lors la commune de ses attributs urbains. L’audience des transformations urbaines à Villeurbanne est telle que celle-ci est représentée comme un exemple de cité moderne durant les années 1930. Dès leur arrivée à la tête de la municipalité en 1935, les communistes dénoncent la politique urbaine dispendieuse de leur prédécesseur, et ils mettent en place une politique locale s’inscrivant dans le cadre du Front populaire. La coloration politique de la commune durant l’entre-deux-guerres est effacée durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale au profit de l’idéologie du gouvernement de Pétain. Le marché immobilier, fortement ralenti depuis les années 1930 et bloqué durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, est réactivé par la politique étatique du logement. Cette intervention de l’Etat dans le domaine de l’urbanisme engendre des conflits d’expertise mais elle crée surtout un décalage entre la fabrique matérielle et symbolique de la ville à l’échelon local
My thesis, entitled “The material and symbolic urban fabric : the case of the city of Villeurbanne from 1900 to 1950” aims to analyse the mechanisms of urban fabric in order to highlight the role of political actors and the influence of urban experiences that lie outside of the municipality, thanks to which urban projects have been developed and spread in order to adapt Villeurbanne to an urban model. The late nineteenth century was a period of identity tensions in Villeurbanne in reaction to the project of annexation of the city by his powerful neighbour, Lyon. Municipal Council spread identity discourses in order to distinguish Villeurbanne and Lyon, and to mobilise inhabitants and convince politicians to reject the annexation. Jules Grandclément, socialist mayor from 1908 to 1922, rationalized the municipal management and introduced innovations to reform the city befor 1914. World War I disrupted the municipal level, but stimulated municipal intervention in urban planification. During the preparation of urban plan, municipal councillors represented Villeurbanne, not as a simple suburb, but as a city, and they organized exchanges of urban kowledges with other municipalities and especially with municipal experts of Lyon. Mayor Lazare Goujon (1924-1935) was directly related to the continuity of the initiatives of his predecessor. He innovated by introducing an ambitious urban policy that modified the urban morphology giving to Vileurbanne its urban attributes. The audience of urban transformations was such that Villeurbanne was represented as an example of modern city during the 1930s. Upon arrival at the head of the municipality in 1935, the Communists denounced the expensive urban policy of its predecessor, and they implemented a local policy in the context of the Popular Front. The political color of the municipality during the inter-war period was erased during the World War II in favor of the ideology of the Petain’s government. The real estate market slowed since the 1930s and stopped during World War II, but was reactivated by the State housing policy in 1950s. This State intervention in the field of urban planning expertise created conflicts but mostly generated a gap between the material and symbolic fabric of the city at the local level
24

Himo, Jessica. "Svenska stadsplaner och stadsplaneideal genom tiden och dess koppling till politiken och juridiken". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230928.

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De svenska städerna har genom tiderna planerats på olika sätt och olika visioner och mål har styrt städernas utformning. Under 1600-talet stod städernas handel i fokus och städerna planerades på ett schematiskt sätt med tullar i flera väderstreck. Städer som var viktiga för landets försvar utformades med befästningar i utkanterna. Under stormaktstiden anlade staten många nya städer, man anlade dem på strategiska lägen för försvar, styrning och administration. Under 1800-talet hade folk tröttnat på att de schematiska städerna brann ner och för att undvika det började man anlägga breda gator som skulle förhindra spridning över gata. Under 1800-talet började också järnvägar anläggas i många städer och stadsbefolkningen ökade. Fler offentliga byggnader byggdes i monumental stil och städerna gjordes representativa – järnvägen var stadens framsida och kvarteren runt järnvägen smyckades extra. Industrierna började på slutet av 1800-talet etablera sig i städerna och stadsbefolkningen ökade ytterligare – miljön blev väldigt dålig till följd. Förutom den dåliga miljön var trångboddhet och bostadsbrist ett stort problem. 1874 infördes en ny byggnadsstadga som kom att bli väldigt viktig. Under 1900-talet började staten ta större ansvar för det sociala och bostadspolitiken fick stort fokus. Staten ville lösa 1800-talets problem och genom en omfattande bostadspolitisk reform lyckades man med det. Lånesubventioner som satte krav på byggnadsutformningen, nya möjligheter att detaljreglera marken och en rationell stadsplanering gjorde att man 1970 hade byggt bort bostadsbristen, trångboddheten och höjt bostadsstandarden för hela den svenska befolkningen. Genom tiden har andra länder inspirerat och påverkat hur de politiska vindarna har blåst, hur stadsplanerarnas visioner har sett ut och hur regleringarna har utformats. Målet har alltid varit att skapa en god stad och lösa problemen som de tidigare idealen skapat. Krig, invandring, utvandring och ekonomiska kriser utom och inom Sverige har också skapat problem som behövt lösas genom politik, stadsplanering och regleringar.
The cities of Sweden have been planned differently during different times in history, following different methods, visions and goals for the cities. During the 17th century the main focus was on trading and therefore the cities were planned on the basis of that, resulting in a simple way with tolls around the city. Cities of great importance for the defence were equipped with fortification on the outskirts. Many cities were founded during this era, not spontaneously, but for defending and were therefore placed in strategic ways. The King had plans of expanding the kingdom and to be able to do so it would require cities for regulating and administrating purposes. During the 19th century people were tired of seeing the schematic cities burning down and to avoid that boulevards were laid to prevent fires from spreading. It was also during this period that railways were laid in many cities. More and more public buildings were built in a monumental style and the cities were made representative – railroads would serve as the front of the city and the neighbourhoods surrounding the railroad would be adorned with lavish designs. Furthermore, industries were established during this time consequently leading to a larger population and also a degraded environment.  During the 20th century the government started taking a larger responsibility for social and housing policies. The government wanted to solve the problems of the previous century and was able to do so after implementing extensive reforms. Subsidized loans implemented by the government putting constraints on building designs, new opportunities of detail control and a rational urban planning made it possible to eradicate most of the problems encountered during the 19th century by the mid-1900s and thereby raising the standard of housing. During the ages other countries have inspired and affected the political situation and also the visions of urban planners resulting in the way regulations have been designed. The goal has always been to create a good city. Wars, immigration, emigration and economic crises within and outside of Sweden have also been causes of issues that have been solved through politics, urban planning and regulations.
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Tocquer, Nicolas. "La nature urbaine selon Ildefonso Cerdá : de "l'idée urbanisatrice" à "l'urbanisation ruralisée "". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0085/document.

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« L’urbanisation ruralisée », présente dès les premiers écrits d’Ildefonso Cerdá (1815-1876), occupe dans son oeuvre une place grandissante, au point de faire l’objet d’un traité qui ne nous est malheureusement pas parvenu. A travers ce concept, l’ingénieur catalan, connu pour son plan d’extension de Barcelone, entend d’une part, dans une perspective hygiéniste, assainir la ville en y systématisant les espaces verts, d’autre part penser l’extension urbaine et désenclaver le territoire espagnol par le biais d’une urbanisation totale où la frontière entre villes et campagnes disparaîtrait. La présente thèse retrace la genèse de cette notion en revenant sur le parcours de Cerdá, sur l’émergence de ce qu’il appelle lui-même « l’idée urbanisatrice » et sur la manière dont elle fut mise en oeuvre à Barcelone, sous la forme si caractéristique du quartier de l’Eixample. En voulant adapter la ville contemporaine aux exigences de la société industrielle, dont l’essence est le mouvement, Cerdá emprunte la « voie romaine » en puisant son inspiration dans l’Antiquité : l’organisation territoriale qu’il préconise, basée sur l’étalement urbain, l’habitat dispersé, l’orthogonalité et l’homogénéité de l’espace – ce que recouvre précisément la notion d’« urbanisation ruralisée » – réactualise en effet les modèles antiques d’occupation et de colonisation de l’espace. L’analyse de ce concept invite donc à porter un nouveau regard sur Barcelone et sur son extension, certes synonyme de modernité voire de modernisme, mais dont les principes viennent paradoxalement de la campagne et du passé. L’évolution de « l’idée urbanisatrice » vers « l’urbanisation ruralisée » étant particulièrement perceptible dans les deux premiers livres de la Théorie générale de l’urbanisation (1867), une traduction en est proposée en annexe, afin de permettre au lecteur francophone d’éprouver par lui-même la richesse d’une pensée encore largement méconnue
The notion of “ruralized urbanization”, present in Ildefonso Cerdá’s (1815-1876) first writings, plays a more and more important role in his work. At the end of his life, it also was the subject of a treaty that never reached us. With this concept, the Catalan Engineer, known for his plan of the extension of Barcelona, aims, in a hygienist perspective, to improve health conditions in the city by the introduction of a green system. He also wants to think the urban development and the opening up of Spanish territory by a total urbanization that would transcend boundaries between rural and urban spaces. This thesis attempts to trace the genesis of this concept by exploring Cerda’s life, the advent of the “urbanization idea” and the manner in which it was achieved in Barcelona, in the so typical form of the Eixample area. Whilst intending to adapt the contemporary city, based on the movement, to the industrial society needs, Cerdá takes the roman road, inspired by the Antiquity. The territorial organization he recommends, based on urban spreading, orthogonal structure and space uniformity – what “ruralized urbanization” really means – gives an up-to-date dimension to the ancient models of space occupation and colonisation. This analysis of this concept encourages a new view on Barcelona and on its extension, surely synonymous of modernity and modernism, but which principles come ironically from the countryside and from the past. Considering the evolution of the “ruralized urbanization” is the very subject of the two first parts of the General theory of urbanization (1867), a translation into French is given in the appendix, what could allow to a francophone reader to experiment the depth of a still unrecognized thinking by himself
26

Homann, Desiree. "A critical analysis of the process of transformation of the city planning function in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24797.

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The study is a participant observer study of the transformation of the city planning function of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM) from 5 December 2000 to 30 June 2002. The study is rendered in the form of a narrative told in the first person. The focus of the story is on how power and the aspiration to power influenced the actions of the people in the employ of the municipality and the relations between them during the study period. In this regard the story draws heavily on the work of Bent Flyvbjerg (1998, 2001). A number of recurring themes or golden threads are identified and highlighted through the narrative. These threads are analysed in more detail in the final chapter of the study. They are: -- The influence of power and the prevalence of different types of power; -- The role played by communication during the transformation; -- The lack of regard for people that characterised the process; and -- The inherent resistance to change displayed by the organization. The study unlocks opportunities for further study. It could form the basis of a comparative study with other cases of organizational change, particularly those related to restructuring in the other South African metropolitan municipalities. Furthermore, the struggle for recognition of the City Planning function within the new Tshwane organizational structure could be further investigated against the backdrop of the broader search for a new role and identity for the planning profession.
Dissertation (M (Town and Regional Planning))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Town and Regional Planning
unrestricted
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Terblanche, M. "Die skep van aanvaarbare behuising binne die konteks van volhoubare ontwikkeling". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52789.

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Thesis (MS en S) -- Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has a housing backlog of approximately 900 000 houses. The government and non-government organizations tries to provide housing for the disadvantage people of our land through sustainable development in an attempt control the housing crises. This study makes the point that sustainable development not nessereraly means the same as acceptable development. In order to provide acceptable housing with in the contexts of sustainable development, it is necessary to give more in depth and equal consideration to the social, economical and environmental aspects of sustainable development. This study focus on what is meant by the above mentioned aspects of sustainable development and what the direct and indirect impacts will be if it is not taken into consideration during the planning and construction faze of low-cost housing. Even though this study doesn’t provide the solutions to providing acceptable housing, it does make a few suggestions on how to obtain acceptable housing, not only for the people directly involved but also for the greater community of South Africa. One of the suggestions that, according to this study, should strongly be considered is the use of alternative building methods such as straw and clay, not only for the obvious environmental benefits but also for the economical and social benefits.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika sit tans met ’n behuisings-agterstand van ongeveer 900 000 huise. Die regering en nie-regerings organinsasies poog om deur die proses van volhoubare ontwikkeling, lae-koste behuising vir die behoeftige mense van die land te voorsien om sodoende die behuisingskrisis aan te spreek. Hierdie werkstuk maak die standpunt dat volhoubare ontwikkeling nie noodwendig sinoniem is met aanvaarbare behuising nie. Om aanvaarbare behuising te voorsien moet die huise binne die raamwerk van volhoubare ontwikkeling gebou word, maar daar moet meer in diepte gekyk word na, en gelyke hoeveelheid aandag aan alle sosiale-, ekonomiese- en omgewingsfaktore gegee word. Die werkstuk kyk in diepte na wat bedoel word met bogenoemde drie aspekte van volhoubare ontwikkeling en wat die direkte en indirekte gevolge is as dit nie in ag geneem word tydens die beplannings- en konstruksiefases van lae-koste behuising nie. Alhoewel die werkstuk nie defnitiewe oplossings bied vir die voorsiening van aanvaarbare behuising nie, word ‘n paar voorstelle gemaak van hoe behuisingsprojekte meer aanvaarbaar gemaak kan word, nie net vir die begunstigdes en owerhede nie, maar ook vir die res van die samelewing. Een van die voorstelle wat volgens die werkstuk baie sterk oorweeg behoort te word, is dat alternatiewe boumetodes (soos strooibale en klei) gebruik moet word, nie net vir die van selfsprekende ekologiese voordele wat dit inhou nie, maar ook vir ekonomiese en sosiale voordele.
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo Ramon. "As três praças e o passeio de Curitiba: os dias antes de ser moderna". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2006. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2608.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T23:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 11 Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues1.pdf: 492200 bytes, checksum: 58a76cc6fe996aa4bf28a375a384114b (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues2.pdf: 1212031 bytes, checksum: f26f0f41b45bbdccf6feff61cfde000a (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues3.pdf: 854172 bytes, checksum: f41449a9f6c72e94477e78529e67988a (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues4.pdf: 739533 bytes, checksum: c73243198b4da0b80400fbcaec963a95 (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues5.pdf: 1761537 bytes, checksum: 863b056709b55f1cf2fcf9e279c31750 (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues6.pdf: 1317174 bytes, checksum: d3be8678bef68fe7c20714897b70c015 (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues7.pdf: 1206477 bytes, checksum: 50d8c1545c7899f76ce5d08e94380a2a (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues8.pdf: 975588 bytes, checksum: f271bb16a8a8f81a9f31ca0f9cca0356 (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues9.pdf: 1525201 bytes, checksum: 9be6ee886d9177f6bf4ff92b676825c6 (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues10.pdf: 2421859 bytes, checksum: e37934e0f52465c699d651fb2bbf298b (MD5) Rodrigo Ramon Rodrigues11.pdf: 1478177 bytes, checksum: 433f35139977272c5103b898d8b8ca0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-25
This work presents a description-contextual study about the city of Curitiba origins, in its urban and architectural development process, since 1853 - the year of the province of Parana political emancipation, until the first decades of the 20th century, which was the city modernization phase. It objectifies to raise, describe and analyse some works considered demarcation in this development. The Three Squares: Tiradentes (Largo da Matriz), Rui Barbosa (Campo do Olho D'Água), Eufrásio Correia (Largo da Estação) and Passeio Público, in their features of creation and importance regarding the city landscape, and the internal and external influences from those who planned and executed them. The methodical design demanded documentary and photographic survey besides the mapping existing in public and private files, and through the analysis of documents and contents, the research was accomplished. The characters, facts, works and historical situations were brought out as relevant to the urban and architectural development of Parana capital city, considered important in the outline of the contours of this city, considered the urban planning model.
Apresenta estudo histórico-contextual sobre as origens da cidade de Curitiba-PR, em seu processo de desenvolvimento urbano e arquitetônico, desde 1853 - ano da emancipação política da província do Paraná, até as primeiras décadas do século XX, fase do início da modernização da cidade. Objetiva levantar, descrever e analisar algumas obras tidas como demarcatórias nesse desenvolvimento: as Três Praças - Tiradentes (Largo da Matriz), Rui Barbosa (Campo do Olho D'Água) e Eufrásio Correia (Largo da Estação) e o Passeio Público, em suas características de criação e de importância no desenhar da cidade, a partir de influências internas e externas daqueles que as planejaram e executaram. O design metodológico exigiu levantamento documental, fotográfico e de mapeamentos existentes em arquivos públicos e privados e, através da análise documental e de conteúdo, efetivou-se a pesquisa. Destaca personagens, fatos, obras e situações históricas de relevância para o desenvolvimento urbano e arquitetônico da capital paranaense considerados relevantes no delineamento dos contornos desta que é considerada cidade modelo de planejamento urbano.
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Coetzee, Petrus Johannes van Vuuren. "A Reading of power relations in the transformation of urban planning in the municipalities of the greater Pretoria region (now Tshwane)". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10072005-140536.

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Olivendal, Nica. "Stadsdelar i förändring : En jämförande arkitekturanalys av gentrifierade områden i Chicago och London". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448228.

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The aim of this dissertation was to research, through a comparative architectural analysis,whether the two urban districts Camden Town in north London and Greater Grand Crossing in south Chicago have or have not been gentrified and, if so, what kind of gentrification process they have gone through. The study was based on three questions: what buildings have been transformed in each area? How have the buildings been transformed? Have the functionsof the city districts been transformed with any particular focus in mind? The study found that Camden Town has been tourist gentrified, since the primary focus of the gentrification process was towards tourism and entertainment businesses where old Victorian, industrial buildings were transformed into venues for live music, shops and markets. In the case of Greater Grand Crossing however, it is not possible to establish that the area has been gentrified. Chicagoan artist Theaster Gates transformed several residential houses as part of a project, some of which remained residential, and some were made into spaces for cultural activities. However, the focus of the transformation was towards the already existing population and not towards potential gentrifiers.
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Trevisan, Ricardo. "Incorporação do ideário da Garden-City inglesa na urbanística moderna brasileira: Águas de São Pedro". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4320.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRT.pdf: 22698838 bytes, checksum: f16088374060feff34145f7ac1850671 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-24
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
This work, entitled Inclusion of anthology of ideas from the english Garden-City into Modern Brazilian urban design: Águas de São Pedro developed in the Graduate Course in Urban Engineering at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), presents a study of the urban plan of Águas de São Pedro town, state of São Paulo, and its relation to the Garden-City s concepts, structured in four different parts. In its first part is given a brief overview of the history of post-Industrial Revolution urbanism, identifying the main urban typologies originating during this time and focusing especially on the Garden City typology from its English origin to its worldwide diffusion. From here, the study delves in the appropriation of this typology by brazilian designers (architects and engineers), articulated with economic, political, social and cultural analysis of this country in the first decades of the XXth Century. The third part analyses the universe of professional responsible for the creation of the city plan of Águas de São Pedro, urban engineer Jorge de Macedo Vieira, identifying his main influences and his productive evolution. Also, others professionals involved with this project are included. Finally, in the fourth part is done a comprehensive study of the adopted plan for the Watering town, along with its due empirical analysis, electing, from there, the elements that relate it to the Garden-City typology. This research therefore adds itself to others that study the use of the Garden-City urban typology in Brazil, contributing in this manner to extend knowledge about a school that participated actively in the history of brazilian urbanism.
Este trabalho intitulado Incorporação do ideário da Garden-City inglesa na urbanística moderna brasileira: Águas de São Pedro , desenvolvido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Urbana (PPG-EU) da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), apresenta o estudo do plano urbanístico da cidade de Águas de São Pedro (São Paulo) e sua relação com os conceitos da Garden-City inglesa, estruturando-se em quatro partes diferentes. Na primeira parte do trabalho, procura-se percorrer, através de um breve panorama, a história do urbanismo pós-Revolução Industrial, identificando as principais tipologias urbanísticas originárias desta época e atentando-se, especialmente, à tipologia Cidade-Jardim, desde a origem na Inglaterra à sua difusão mundial. Na parte subseqüente, recorre-se ao estudo da apropriação desta tipologia em solo nacional articulado com uma análise econômica, política, social e cultural do Brasil nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A terceira parte adentra no universo do profissional responsável pela criação do projeto urbano de Águas de São Pedro, o engenheiro urbanista Jorge de Macedo Vieira, identificando suas principais influências assim como sua evolução produtiva. Do mesmo modo, outros profissionais envolvidos no projeto foram analisados E, finalmente, na quarta parte, faz-se o entendimento do plano adotado no balneário, com devida análise empírica, elegendo-se, a partir daí, os elementos que o aproximem dos conceitos procedentes da tipologia Cidade-Jardim. Assim, essa pesquisa agrega-se a outras que estudam a utilização da tipologia urbanística Garden- City (Cidade-Jardim) no Brasil, contribuindo para ampliar os conhecimentos sobre uma escola que se fez presente na história do urbanismo nacional.
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Rahmoun, Mohammed. "Les colonies de l'industrie en Algérie : histoire et patrimoine de la cité minière de Béni-Saf (Mokta-El-Hadid, XIXe-XXe siècle)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H020.

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Les cités ouvrières d'origine minière voient le jour en Algérie dans la seconde moitie du XIXe siècle. Elles sont le fait d'une industrie extractive de fer mise au point par la colonisation pour soutenir le développement industriel sidérurgique en France. Grâce au minerai pur Algérien, Mokta-el-Hadid devient une puissante compagnie minière qui n'hésite pas à réorganiser le marché du fer en France. Le patronat français qui importe en Algérie ses moyens de production, importe par la même occasion ses architectures et ses modes d'habiter. Ce travail de thèse propose une réflexion approfondie sur l'histoire de l'industrie minière coloniale en Algérie et son mode d'établissement urbain. Il évoque les conditions pratiques et idéologiques des modalités d'action du patronat colonial sur les groupes sociaux et leur espace de vie. Les cités ouvrières, construites en Algérie entre 1870 et 1940, répondent à des considérations à la fois économiques, structurées par une morale patronale et coloniales, marquées par un établissement pérenne d'une population ouvrière européenne en Algérie. L'analyse de l'espace urbain de la cité minière de Béni-Saf, dans le nord-ouest algérien, montre une intéressante richesse de typologie de bâti. Sa morphologie urbaine est largement marquée par les articulations entre la reproduction de l'organisation du travail dans la mine, le développement des forces ouvrières et la prégnance de l'idéologie colonialiste. L'urbanisation accélérée de l'ère post-coloniale marque encore plus radicalement cette morphologie par la volumétrie des nouvelles constructions, le mode de vie social et la politique non conservatrice du patrimoine bâti. Il convient donc de s'interroger sur les pratiques et la représentation du patrimoine industriel colonial en Algérie
Mining company towns emerged in Algeria in the second half of the nineteenth century. They were established by an extractive iron industry developed by colonization to support the development of steel industry in France. Thanks to the Algerian pure iron-ore, Mokta-el-Hadid became a powerful mining company, which did not hesitate to reorganize the iron market in France. French employers imported to Algeria their production means and at the same time their architectures and their ways of inhabiting. This thesis proposes a deep reflection on the history of the colonial mining industry in Algeria and its urban settlement modes. It evokes the ideological and practical conditions of the modes of action of colonial employers on social groups and their living space. The company towns built in Algeria between 1870 and 1940 responded to economic considerations framed by entrepreneurial and colonial morals, marked by the permanent establishment of a European working population in Algeria. Analysis of the urban space of the mining town of Beni-Saf, in northwest Algeria, shows a wealth interesting of constructive typologies. Its urban morphology is largely characterized by the articulation between the reproduction of the working mine organisation, the development of working forces and the pervasiveness of colonialist ideology. The rapid urbanization of the post-colonial time marks more radically this morphology by the volumetry of new buildings, the social lifestyle and the non-conservative policy of historical buildings. It is thus necessary to examine the practices and the representations of colonial industrial heritage in Algeria
33

Deland, Mats. "The Social City : Middle-way approaches to housing and sub-urban golvernmentality in southern Stockholm, 1900-1945". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Economic History, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1240.

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This dissertation deals with the period bridging the era of extreme housing shortages in Stockholm on the eve of industrialisation and the much admired programmes of housing provision that followed after the second world war, when Stockholm district Vällingby became an example for underground railway-serviced ”new towns”. It is argued that important changes were made in the housing and town planning policy in Stockholm in this period that paved the way for the successful ensuing period. Foremost among these changes was the uniquely developed practice of municipal leaseholding with the help of site leasehold rights (Erbbaurecht).

The study is informed by recent developments in Foucauldian social research, which go under the heading ’governmentality’. Developments within urban planning are understood as different solutions to the problem of urban order. To a large extent, urban and housing policies changed during the period from direct interventions into the lives of inhabitants connected to a liberal understanding of housing provision, to the building of a disciplinary city, and the conduct of ’governmental’ power, building on increased activity on behalf of the local state to provide housing and the integration and co-operation of large collectives. Municipal leaseholding was a fundamental means for the implementation of this policy.

When the new policies were introduced, they were limited to the outer parts of the city and administered by special administrative bodies. This administrative and spatial separation was largely upheld throughout the period, and represented as the parallel building of a ’social’ outer city, while things in the inner ’mercantile’ city proceeded more or less as before. This separation was founded in a radical difference in land holding policy: while sites in the inner city were privatised and sold at market values, land in the outer city was mostly leasehold land, distributed according to administrative – and thus politically decided – priorities.

These differences were also understood and acknowledged by the inhabitants. Thorough studies of the local press and the organisational life of the southern parts of the outer city reveals that the local identity was tightly connected with the representations connected to the different land holding systems. Inhabitants in the south-western parts of the city, which in this period was still largely built on private sites, displayed a spatial understanding built on the contradictions between centre and periphery. The inhabitants living on leaseholding sites, however, showed a clear understanding of their position as members of model communities, tightly connected to the policy of the municipal administration. The organisations on leaseholding sites also displayed a deep co-operation with the administration. As the analyses of election results show, the inhabitants also seemed to have felt a greater degree of integration with the society at large, than people living in other parts of the city. The leaseholding system in Stockholm has persisted until today and has been one of the strongest in the world, although the local neo-liberal politicians are currently disposing it off.

34

Gallacci, Caroline. "Planning the city of destiny : an urban history of Tacoma to 1930 /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10463.

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35

Ballard, Brooks. "Clifton, the restructuring of an historic mill town". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23432.

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36

Ng, Yuk-man. "Is the present heritage conservation policy adequate in guiding contemporary development in Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13117270.

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37

Emond, Matthew W. "Endogenous Process & Designing Through Change". Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/300.

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This project was an exercise in aligning my intuition, community experience, and design sensitivities under the pretext of an architectural expression. My desire was to work endogenously, or out of my home environment, on a project that had no clear programmatic or formal requirements or limitations. I began by assessing a prevalent issue in my home town (a connection between the river and the town center) both from the top down and the bottom up. Throughout, I sought to challenge my preconceived notions of what might be, and allow a design process to emerge out of the layers of information I had absorbed as a participant in this holistic landscape. Inflection and change became a driving force in this pared down design process, and through them came a working territory that framed the programmatic and formal specificities of the South River P.O.R.T.
38

Bottomley, Edward-John. "Governing 'Poor Whites' : race, philanthropy and transnational governmentality between the United States and South Africa". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270079.

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Throughout the twentieth century so-called Poor Whites caused anxiety in countries where racial domination was crucial, such as South Africa, the colonies of European empire and the United States. The Poor Whites were troubling for a number of reasons, not least because they threatened white prestige and the entire system of racial control. The efforts of various governments, organisations and experts to discipline, control and uplift the group necessarily disadvantaged other races. These controls, such as colour bars and Jim Crow laws, had an enormous effect on the countries where the Poor Whites were seen as a problem. The results can still be seen in the profoundly unequal contemporary racial landscape, and which is given expression by protest groups such as Black Lives Matter. Yet the efforts to manage the Poor Whites have thus far been examined on a national basis — as a problem of the United States, or of South Africa, to name just the most significant locales and regimes. This dissertation attempts to expand our understanding of the geography of the Poor Whites by arguing that the ‘Poor White Problem’ was a transnational concern rooted in racial interests that transcended national concerns. The racial solidarity displayed by so-called ‘white men’s countries’ was also extended to the Poor Whites. Efforts to control and discipline the population were thus in service of the white race as a whole, and ignored national interests and national borders. The transnational management of the Poor Whites was done through a network of transnational organisations such as the League of Nations and the Rockefeller Foundation, as well as the careering experts they employed. The dissertation argues that these attempts constituted a transnational ‘governmentality’ according to which these organisations and their experts attempted to discipline a Poor White population that they viewed as transnational in order to uphold white prestige and tacitly maintain both global and local racial systems. This dissertation examines some of the ways in which Poor Whites were disciplined and racially rehabilitated. It examines health and sanitation, education and training, housing standards and the management of urban space, and finally photographic representation.
39

Khalaf, Abd Al Jaleel Zeena. "La ville romanesque dans Salammbô de Gustave Flaubert et L'Amante du pharaon de Naguib Mahfouz". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030153.

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Lieux d'ouverture et de brassage culturel, les villes alimentent fantasmes et utopies. Elles grouillent, gagnent sur la campagne. L’enquête porte ici sur la ville antique, Carthage dans Salammbô de Gustave Flaubert et Abou de l’Égypte pharaonique dans L’Amante du pharaon de Naguib Mahfouz. La thèse interroge la représentation de la ville dans l’oeuvre romanesque de Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), et de Naguib Mahfouz, maître de la littérature arabe (1911-2006). Notre point de départ est la question suivante : "Quelle est l’importance de la ville chez nos deux romanciers ?". L’analyse combine une perspective comparative, historique, et thématique. Elle met en valeur la réception créatrice par Mahfouz du roman français du XIXe siècle
Places of openness and cultural mixing, cities feed fantasies and utopias. They swarm, taking over the countryside. The subject of investigation here is the city in antiquity, Carthage in Gustave Flaubert's Salammbo, and the Egyptian city of Abou during the times of the Pharaohs in Naguib Mahfouz' Pharaoh's Lover. The thesis examines the representation of the city in the novels of Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), and Naguib Mahfouz, the master of Arabic literature (1911-2006). Our starting point is the following question, "What is the importance of the city for the two novelists?" The analysis brings together comparative, historic and thematic perspectives. It show cases the creative manner in which Mahfouz received French 19th century novels
40

Wal, Coen van der. "In praise of common sense : planning the ordinary, a physical planning history of the new towns in the IJsselmeerpolders /". Rotterdam : 010 publ, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37562694r.

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Wong, Fei Queenie. "Historical heritage and urban development in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21042056.

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42

ZHANG, YING. "KEEPING OUR PAST: SMALL TOWN PRESERVATION IN AMERICA SINCE 1950". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998075546.

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43

Whitfield, Christopher John. "Change and management in historic town centres : development and planning in Shrewsbury and Chester, 1967-1990". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720368.

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44

Inoue, Luciana Massami. "A iniciativa privada e o mercado formal de habitação para o trabalhador na cidade de São Paulo, 1942-1964". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-08092010-093927/.

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O objetivo principal foi verificar a existência de grandes e pequenos empreendedores capitalistas privados na produção da habitação para o trabalhador no período na cidade de São Paulo, entre 1942 e 1964. O problema habitacional é antigo, e em muito se deve ao fato de que o trabalhador não tenha sido integrado plenamente à sociedade. Os mercados formal e informal do trabalho caminharam em paralelo, o mesmo ocorrendo com o mercado formal e informal da habitação. Os principais aspectos conjunturais detectados no período são: a Segunda Guerra Mundial; o debate nacional sobre o tema do desenvolvimento; a dívida externa; a inflação (que afetou fortemente o padrão de consumo do trabalhador, sua capacidade de poupança e, ao mesmo tempo, todo o complexo da indústria da construção); a industrialização e as migrações internas. Na cidade de São Paulo, verificaram-se os fenômenos de verticalização do centro e horizontalização de suas periferias, juntamente com a metropolização. Como metodologia empregada, recorreu-se à bibliografia especializada, e como fontes primárias, optou-se por percorrer as coleções de revistas econômicas e anúncios de jornais. Após 1942, a iniciativa privada, retraiu-se temporariamente do mercado de locação, contudo, não abandonou as opções de investimento habitacionais anteriores, como os cortiços e as vilas operárias. Atuou principalmente em quatro frentes de investimento voltadas para o trabalhador: venda de casas térreas e sobrados; kitchnettes; edifícios em condomínios; e loteamentos periféricos.
The aim of this research was to verify the existence of big and small private capitalist entrepreneurs in the housing production for workers in São Paulo, between 1942 and 1964. The housing problem is old and it is due very much to the fact that the worker never was fully integrated to Brazilian society. The formal and informal labor market developed simultaneously as the same way it occured with the formal and informal housing market. The major historic features in the period were: the Second World War, the debates about the topic of development, external debt, inflation (that affected strongly the consumption pattern of the workers, their capacity to save money, and at the same time the whole building industry complex), the industrialization, and the internal migration. In the city of São Paulo, there was the phenomena of verticalization downtown and horizontalization at the peripheries, along the metropolization process. Specialized bibliography was studied, and as primary sources, we have consulted the collections of economy periodicals and the real state advertisement in the newspapers. After 1942, the private enterprise stopped to invest in the rental market for a short time, however, it did not abandon the prior housing options of investments before, as shantytowns or cortiços and workers´ villages. The private enterprise has acted mainly in four fields of investment with the focus on the workers housing: sale of one or two storey houses; kitchnettes; condominium buildings, and periphery lots.
45

Everett, David A. (David Andrew). "Planning for historic preservation and growth management in a small town : a case study of East Greenwich, Rhode Island". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65974.

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46

Hendricks, Christopher E. "The Planning and Development of Two Moravian Congregation Towns: Salem, North Carolina and Gracehill, Northern Ireland". W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625413.

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47

Musselwhite, Paul Philip. "Towns in Mind: Urban Plans, Political Culture, and Empire in the Colonial Chesapeake, 1607--1722". W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623587.

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This dissertation charts the contested political and cultural meaning of urbanization in the emerging plantation societies of Virginia and Maryland. Scholars have long asserted that Chesapeake planters' desire for lucre led them to patent huge tracts of land, disperse across the landscape, and completely dismiss urban development. However, through 17 pieces of legislation, colonists, governors, and London administrators actually encouraged towns in the Chesapeake through the seventeenth century. Despite the environmental and agricultural constraints of tidewater tobacco, both colonies wrestled with a perceived need for towns, which consistently appeared to represent the best means to engineer the region's political economy and local social order. Shifting demographics, a changing labour system, religious conflict, and increasing imperial pressure for control created an atmosphere in which the promise of urbanization could be a powerful tool for various Atlantic actors seeking to shape the emerging plantation system to their purposes. They shared a desire to urbanize the region, but quarrelled because they had contradictory definitions of precisely what a town was, how it should function, and how it should be governed. These divergent visions sprang from and contributed to a contemporaneous European contest between ancient boroughs and modern cities, civic humanism and the emerging nation-state. Towns in the Chesapeake only became widespread in the mid-eighteenth century, once the broader questions of political order in England's boroughs and its plantation empire had been resolved.;Piecing together a range of sources, this dissertation emphasizes the political, economic, and cultural context of the region's many urban plans---and especially the subtle differences in context between Virginia and Maryland---in order to demonstrate how and why town building remained a vital weapon in broader constitutional and commercial disputes. its transatlantic source base connects the Chesapeake's planners and proposals with the contests in English boroughs and Whitehall; spatial, ceremonial, sensory, and cultural analyses uncover the overlooked significance of urban foundations that remained only paper plats or collections of warehouses. The project highlights how proto-urban spaces fit within, or challenged, the emergence of a plantation landscape on the physical, cultural, and political levels.;Part 1 explores urban plans in seventeenth-century Virginia, their connections to English commercial and political rivalries during the Civil War, their role in provoking Bacon's Rebellion, and finally their part in a 1680s transatlantic contest over corporate government. Part 2 offers a parallel story of town-founding efforts in Maryland, exploring how Lord Baltimore's proprietary authority distinguished the complexion of urban development there. Part 3 addresses the entire Chesapeake region after 1689 (once both colonies had fallen under royal control), tracing Governor Francis Nicholson's efforts to reshape the definition of urbanity in the empire by founding Annapolis and Williamsburg and demonstrating how they pushed the concept of the imperial city to the centre of Atlantic political discourse. The fault lines of this debate had become so entrenched by the 1710s that it was abandoned entirely, and during the eighteenth century both colonies developed new kinds of plantation cities, freed from the bitter Atlantic disputes of the previous century.
48

Ballout, Jean-Marie. "Territorialisation par "ville nouvelle" au Maghreb. Regard croisé sur les projets d'Ali Mendjeli ( Constantine) et de Tamansourt (Marrakech)". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994394.

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Si l'expression ville nouvelle n'est plus en vogue dans les discours relatifs aux politiques urbaines des pays occidentaux, c'est l'inverse dans le cas des pays à forte croissance économique et/ou de ceux dits du Sud. Depuis une vingtaine d'années, pour des raisons d'ordres divers les annonces de projets de " villes nouvelles " y sont légions. Dans cette profusion, l'Algérie et le Maroc ne font pas exception. Au milieu des années 2000, le ministère marocain en charge de l'urbanisme et de l'habitat annonce la mise en oeuvre d'un programme de " villes nouvelles " comptant une quinzaine de projets parmi lesquels celui dénommé Tamansourt, situé dans la périphérie de Marrakech. En Algérie, dès 1987, le Schéma national d'aménagement du territoire préconise la création de villes nouvelles dans les régions des Hauts Plateaux et du Sud. Parallèlement, des " villes nouvelles ", d'émanation locale sont lancées, c'est le cas d'Ali Mendjeli, proche de Constantine. Partant du postulat que le concept de ville nouvelle est dépassé, nous interrogeons les causesqui incitent l'action publique algérienne et marocaine à tout de même s'en saisir. Pourquoi les pouvoirs publics persistent à faire usage de ce type de politique d'aménagement ? Cette première question en entraîne deux autres, complémentaires : Comment ces politiques sont-elles conduites et quels sont leurs effets territoriaux ? Selon notre première hypothèse, lesefficacités performative et iconique de cette représentation intellectuelle, d'avantage que celle opérationnelle, ont orienté ces options. Notre deuxième hypothèse est qu'il n'y a pas eu de capitalisation des expériences étrangères dans la perspective d'une redéfinition ou d'adaptation du concept. Les modalités d'agir étudiées ne relèvent ni de la planificationurbaine, ni de l'urbanisme de projet, cette affirmation constitue notre troisième hypothèse. Notre quatrième hypothèse est que ces actions sont des vecteurs plus ou moins puissants de reterritorialisation des périphéries de Constantine et Marrakech. Il s'agira de vérifier si l'émergence de centralités et/ou de marges urbaines nouvelles y est observable. Nous voulons vérifier l'idée de l'existence d'un fort décalage entre la " ville nouvelle " idéelle, celle du porteur de projet, et la " ville nouvelle " vécue, c'est-à-dire celle des habitants du quotidien.
49

Cox, Anna Louise. "Preserving Historic Identity in the United States: Theoretical and Practical Lessons for Maintaining Historic Character in Small Virginia Towns". Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37091.

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This paper explores the preservation and presentation of small town historic identity. The current discussions and dialogue of scholars, theorists and critics of preservation efforts uncover preservation's presence and effect on today and tomorrow's world. Contemporary development patterns have led to an increasing amount of cities and towns across the United States to adopt preservation policies to maintain their historical identity and character. The preservation movement's acceptance and its increase in scope have also facilitated the integration of its values in planning policies. The successful history of the preservation movement in America is reviewed, along with its present-day use as a cultural and economic revitalization tool. Government and non-profit agencies at the national and state level have facilitated the widespread use of preservation policies with small towns in Virginia. Preservation policy objectives may include: heritage tourism, community revitalization, preservation and heritage education, economic development, and affordable housing. A diverse set of motivations is found in the psychological benefits of maintaining history. Preserving historic structures may contribute to one's sense of place, nostalgia, collective memory and historical identity. The preservation of old buildings and environments is used to serve a variety of town agendas. These motives, other than historical, are the focus of the critical literature on preservation efforts. Power, representation, consumerism, and authenticy are common criticisms of historic preservation practice that threaten the historic integrity of the town. These issues form a framework to analyze local preservation practice of small Virginia towns and provide towns with a means to evaluate their preservation policies or programs. This paper provides small towns with information to maintain their historic identity without threatening future vitality and authenticity of the built environment.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning
50

DeCort, Amanda J. "A Preservation Plan for the Fairfield Avenue Historic District in Bellevue, Kentucky". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1086102239.

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