Tesi sul tema "Tourism and Services"

Nous tentons dans ce travail d’étudier le rôle de l'Aéroport International de Beyrouth (BIA) dans la promotion du Liban comme destination touristique. De même, nous cherchons à identifier les facteurs qui affectent la satisfaction des touristes à l'aéroport autant pendant leur arrivée que pendant leur départ. En outre, nous accordons une importance particulière à l'étude et l'identification de la relation entre le rôle de l'aéroport d’une part et l'image de la destination d’une autre part. Nous identifions ainsi les facteurs qui peuvent influencer la décision du touriste, de visiter une telle destination ou de s’y retourner
This research investigates the role of Beirut International Airport (BIA) in marketing Lebanon as touristic destination and to identify the factors that have influence on tourists’ satisfaction at airport during arrival and departure stages. Furthermore, special emphasis is placed on investigating and identifying the existing relationship between the airport role and the destination image and reputation by pinpointing the factors that might affect tourist decision to visit or re-visit the destination

Tourism plays an important role in today’s world. More and more people leave all the issues and problems behind, and just travel to relax and experience something unique in their lives. The main research question of this paper has been created:

“Did consumer behaviour affect what services tourism companies provided in Poland between 1990 and 2005?”

The objective of this paper is to fill the lack of knowledge about tourism offerings in Poland. The purpose of this study is to investigate travellers’ preferences for facilities and services in analysed country between 1900 and 2005. This study also investigates if consumer behaviour affects what services tourism companies will provide.

A pesar de que hi ha més de trenta anys d'investigació sobre els temps d'espera, poc es coneix sobre aquells que estan disposats a pagar més per evitar les esperes i sobre aquells que no ho estan, en el context dels parcs temàtics. La present tesi doctoral examina els factors interns i externs que influeixen en la decisió de compra del passi exprés en un entorn real. Variables com el dia de visita al parc, el mètode a través del qual van conèixer aquest tipus de passi, el nombre de persones del grup, la cultura, l'actitud cap al passi exprés, l'actitud cap als temps d'espera, l'experiència prèvia comprant aquests passis, les expectatives sobre l'espera, les percepcions sobre l'espera i la motivació de la visita al parc apareixen com a variables significatives que permeten caracteritzar els dos grups: els que estan disposats a adquirir el passi i els que no. D'aquesta manera, no tots els consumidors interpreten de la mateixa manera els temps d'espera i els sistemes per evitar-los, i per tant han de ser tractats diferent. Entendre com els consumidors actuen permet a les empreses repensar els sistemes de prioritat i les estratègies de màrqueting per gestionar l'espera.
A pesar de más de treinta años de investigación sobre los tiempos de espera, poco se conoce sobre aquellos que están dispuestos a pagar extra para evitar las esperas y sobre aquellos que no lo están, en el contexto de los parques temáticos. La presente tesis examina los factores internos y externos que influyen en la decisión de compra del pase exprés en un entorno real. Variables como el día de visita al parque, el método a través del cual conocieron el pase exprés, el número de personas en el grupo, la cultura, la actitud hacia el pase exprés, la actitud hacia los tiempos de espera, la experiencia previa comprando pases exprés, las expectativas sobre la espera, las percepciones sobre la espera y la motivación de visita al parque aparecen como variables significativas que permiten caracterizar a ambos grupos. De esta manera, no todos los consumidores interpretan de la misma manera los tiempos de espera y los sistemas para evitarlas, y por tanto deben ser abordados de diferente manera. El entender cómo los consumidores actúan permite a las empresas repensar los sistemas prioritarios y las estrategias de marketing para gestionar la espera.
In spite of more than thirty years of research on waiting, little is known about those who are willing to pay extra to avoid waits and those who don’t in a theme park context. This thesis examines factors that influence on the purchase decision of an express pass in a natural setting. The logit model with both internal and external factors shows a better explanatory capacity to classify individuals over other models. Variables such as visit day, how customers find out about the express pass, number of people in the party, culture, attitude toward the express pass, attitude toward waiting times, prior experiences purchasing an express pass, prior experience visiting theme parks, expectation of average waiting time, perception of waits shorter than expected and visit motivation (thrill and leisure) appear as significant variables that allow to characterize both groups. In this manner, not all consumers interpret waiting times and the systems to avoid them in the same way and, consequently, they should be addressed in different ways. Understanding how customers act allow companies to rethink priority systems and marketing strategies to manage waits.

Tourism in England has grown to become an activity worth around £111billion to the English economy, and constituting around 4% of employment. This has led to increasing numbers of local areas becoming involved with tourism development. However local authorities supporting tourism are impacted by financial pressures and pressures for ‘less government’, which are indicative of a ‘managerial paradigm’ which has surrounded public sector management in England. This study has examined the impact of the managerial paradigm on management of tourism at the local level. Using the English cities as a ‘case’, a methodological triangulation of questionnaire and contact with senior management in local authorities involved with tourism policy was used. The findings have led to an important understanding of the current picture concerning public sector management of tourism at the local level. This study has found that tourism is worth over £17billion to the English cities, and supports around 360,000 jobs. The findings suggest that the driving forces that characterised the managerial state continue to impact management of local tourism. This study has also examined the impact of policy changes introduced by the Conservative/Liberal Democratic Coalition government on local tourism. The accession of a new government has led to a significant realignment in public sector engagement with tourism. Policy discourse has stressed government ambition for tourism to be ‘industry-led’ with a ‘re-balancing’ the economy towards the private sector. As a result, this study has found the most significant challenges facing local tourism management centre around financial pressures. Reductions in tourism budgets are leading to major changes in departmental structures and tourism managers’ roles. Reductions in tourism budgets are leading to significant pressures on tourism departments to raise income in order to make departments financially viable. This study has found that in some cases local authorities are ceasing to financially-support tourism. This research also suggests that pressure from government for the private sector to increasingly fund tourism partnerships may be difficult to achieve locally. Respondents have argued that high levels of engagement with the private sector already exist locally, and as the private sector in tourism is predominately small businesses there are limitations as to how much such businesses can contribute to marketing partnerships. Policy for the private sector having the ‘majority power’ in the new emerging tourism partnerships may also have implications for the motivation of such partnerships. Doubts have been raised in this study from within the public sector, concerning the ability of local tourism businesses to take ‘responsibility for their own future’ whilst at the same time protecting the public interest. It is concluded that a ‘realignment’ towards more private sector involvement in partnerships brings with it potential consequences if local tourism businesses are unable to ‘increasingly fund’ the new arrangements, and the new tourism bodies are unable to establish a ‘pluralistic’ tourism policy environment in their areas. With evident reductions in local authority budgets, it is legitimate to question the scope of funding that the emerging DMOs will have at their disposal, and thus their ability to deliver local ambitions for tourism development. Therefore, the new tourism partnerships will require careful structuring and management. However, their financial futures will inevitably hinge on the value that the private sector places on the new local tourism arrangement, and their ability to maintain the public interest will depend on striking an appropriate balance of power amongst all stakeholders within the partnership.

Nowadays, when a plethora of innovations found its way into the field of tourism marketing, the impact of the new technologies is likely to change the way international tourism will develop in the forthcoming decades (see Beeton, 2004; or Carl et al., 2007).

[From the introduction]:The purpose of this dissertation is to study the development of tourism in the town of Bakau, in The Gambia, to place its development within the general context of socio-cultural changes in the town, and to study and assess interaction between tourists and residents in Bakau. As my fieldwork for this dissertation developed, the main focus of my research narrowed to a study of the youths in Bakau and their interactions and relations inward to their elders in town and outwards to the tourists with whom many youths have regular contact. A large number of youths in Bakau become beachboys or so-called "bomsas" and in this dissertation I focus on the activities of the "bomsas" who assume the role of culture brokers, acting as mediators and innovators in town. I also focus on the level and the types of interaction between the tourists who visit Bakau and the "bomsas" and other residents in Bakau. Finally I consider how the residents in Bakau view tourism and tourists in their town.

Денисенко, О. О. Ринок туристичних послуг України (регіонів) і перспективи його розвитку в умовах глобалізації : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 242 «Туризм» / О. О. Денисенко ; керівник роботи А. В. Роговий ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра туризму . – Чернігів, 2021. – 99 с.
Об’єктом дослідження кваліфікаційної роботи є процес надання туристичних послуг в Україні. Предметом дослідження кваліфікаційної роботи є механізм функціонування ринку туристичних послуг України. Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є дослідження особливостей функціонування ринку туристичних послуг України та розробка шляхів його розвитку з урахуванням наявних можливостей та глобалізаційних процесів. Завданнями кваліфікаційної роботи є: розкрити сутність організації ринку туристичних послуг; з’ясувати особливості організації ринку туристичних послуг; дослідити зарубіжний досвід організації ринку туристичних послуг;проаналізувати сучасний стан туристичної сфери України; надати оцінку потенціалу ринку туристичних послуг в Україні; здійснити аналіз ефективності функціонування ринку туристичних послуг в Україні; запропонувати шляхи розвитку ринку туристичних послуг в Україні; надати рекомендації щодо напрямків розширення туристичних послуг на туристичному ринку в Україні. За результатами дослідження сформульовані пропозиції щодо впровадження заходів, що дадуть змогу підвищити ефективність організації ринку туристичних послуг в Україні.
The object of research of qualification work is the process of providing tourist services in Ukraine. The subject of the qualification work is the mechanism of functioning of the market of tourist services of Ukraine. The purpose of the qualification work is to study the peculiarities of the functioning of the market of tourist services of Ukraine and to develop ways of its development taking into account the available opportunities and globalization processes. The objectives of the qualification work are: to reveal the essence of the organization of the market of tourist services; to find out the peculiarities of the organization of the market of tourist services; to study foreign experience in the organization of the market of tourist services, to analyze the current state of the tourist sphere of Ukraine; to assess the potential of the market of tourist services in Ukraine; to analyze the effectiveness of the market of tourist services in Ukraine; to suggest ways to develop the market of tourist services in Ukraine; to provide recommendations on the directions of expansion of tourist services in the tourist market in Ukraine. According to the results of the study, proposals have been formulated for the implementation of measures that will increase the efficiency of the organization of the market of tourist services in Ukraine.

Sustainable social-economical development of territories is one of the key priorities of economic policy of Ukraine. It gives possibility to remove existent disproportions in productive forces development of the state, provides growth of welfare and population life quality, promotes chances for all regions to participate in world economic processes, creates pre-conditions to participate as an equal partner in international partnership with highly developed countries. It is necessary to analyze market possibilities to develop potential of territory, to estimate market abilities, its comparative competitive advantages, to form on this basis the complex of measures, directed to create proper image of region, area, city or settlement with the purpose to attract investments, develop correspondent legislative providing. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31096

The amount of research on service innovation rapidly increased since the start of the third millennium, likely due to the continuous diversification of manufacturing companies into the service sector and the decline of manufacturing in the traditional industrial western countries compared to the World’s emerging economies. Service innovation, furthermore, has received significant attention from academics and practitioners alike and has been increasingly perceived as a means of creating competitive advantage. Arguably, this is due to the growing competition between service companies to reach unconventional levels which led to higher customer expectations of continuous improvement of services. This study investigated the nature and impact of service employees’ innovative behaviour leading to initiating innovation within the sub-sector of personal-interactive services, where the hotel sector was investigated respectively. In doing so, the study also critically reviewed the established literature relevant to service innovation and added further insight to previous research underpinning service employees’ role in initiating innovation. A qualitative case-study research strategy, which compared between three cases, was applied to achieve the objectives of the study. The application of qualitative case-study research allowed closer assessment and observation while the researcher was directly present within the service delivery environment. The combining of qualitative research methods, such as semi-structured interviews, focus groups and direct observation, was applied to congregate evidence of employees’ innovative behaviour patterns from multiple perspectives. The expected limitations of the applied research methods are classically associated with qualitative case-study research such as access barriers, high volume of data outcome and also the complications associated with data collection and analysis. The research findings contributed to the general body of knowledge by highlighting the nature and impact of service employees’ innovative behaviour. A novel classification of six innovative behaviour patterns was established under the three main categories of mandatory, quasi-mandatory and voluntary conduct. The research findings further revealed the significant impact of service employees’ innovative behaviour in initiating innovation, where 49 out of 70 innovative ideas were realised as innovations through employees’ innovative behaviour. The research also added further insight by identifying management procedures and motivation as contextual determinants that enable or inhibit service employees’ innovative behaviour.

Tourism is an important factor for economic growth. Unfortunately, the ongoingCOVID-19 pandemic has struck hard on the tourism sector due to the lockdowns andtravel restrictions. The lockdowns have also led to an increasing isolation amongpeople which in the long term can lead to a decline in people’s psychological wellbeing.Together with Cybercom Group AB, an idea to solve this problem was to developan application with the intention to nurture the tourism sector and get peopleout of their homes while keeping the human interactions at a satisfactory level. The main feature of the application developed was a scheduler that carefully plannedout people’s daily activities depending how crowded a specific location was. An applicationsuch as the one developed could lead to an increase in foot traffic whilesimultaneously decreasing the amount of physical contact between people. The result of this thesis mainly focuses on the developed application but more specificallythe developed algorithms to schedule your day using crowd data. The algorithmdeveloped, the Optimal Time Slot Algorithm, averaged a crowding value of18,8% while the average of the best possible crowding value was 17,8%.
Turism är en viktig faktor för ekonomisk tillväxt. Tyvärr så har den pågående COVID-19 pandemin slagit hårt mot turismsektorn till följd av nedstängningar och restriktionerpå resande. Nedstängningarna har även lett till en ökad isolering hos personersom långsiktigt kan leda till en försämring av människors psykologiska välmående.Tillsammans med Cybercom Group AB växte en idé fram om att utveckla enapplikation som har till uppgift att främja turismsektorn och hjälpa folk att ta sig utur sina hem samtidigt som de undviker trängsel. Huvudfunktionen hos den utvecklade applikationen var en planerare som noggrantplanerar en persons dagliga aktiviteter beroende på hur mycket folk det var på denspecifika platsen vid ett visst tillfälle. En applikation likt den som utvecklats kan ledatill en ökad mängd personer i rörelse i kombination med att minska mängden fysiskkontakt mellan människor. Resultatet av detta examensarbete fokuserar huvudsakligen på den utvecklade applikationenoch specifikt de algoritmer som utvecklats för att planera din dag genomträngseldata. Den framtagna algoritmen, Optimal Time Slot Algorithm, resulteradei ett trängselsnitt på 17,8% där 18,8% var snittet av det bästa möjliga resultatet.

According to the “Tourism 2020 Vision” research on world tourism development forecast and assessment, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) foreseen that the total international tourists arrival will probably hit 1.6 billion by 2020. Tourism plays a vital role as being one of the key pillars in supporting Hong Kong’s economic growth. Ever since the launch of “Individual Visit Scheme” (IVC) ten years ago, Hong Kong has been drifting from an international tourist attractions destination to a mainland focused shopping paradise. However, this is not a sustainable and healthy situation in the long run. Firstly, the inbound city is now very crowed and being flooded with tourists, which is quite centralised. In order to meet the continuous growth of the tourists around the world, Hong Kong Government must continue to develop a wide range of diverse tourist attractions in Hong Kong to enhance the competiveness and further expand the tourism market segments. In this connection, Hong Kong Government should make use of the advantages from this spectacular geo-heritage, Hong Kong Global Geopark of China, to largely promote a new niche of eco-tourism in Hong Kong. The purpose of this study is to explore the different motivations behind tourists engaging in a geo-tourism experience and to investigate the behavioral intentions, preferences on geo-park. Also, this study aims to evaluate the willingness-to-pay regarding geo-touism products/services. All theses findings and recommendations are expected to provide a fundamental conceptual framework for government, geo-park managers and tour operators to make use of this information to setup some strategic market and management plan in respond to the needs and wants of the geo-tourists. All in all, they should make joint efforts to push geo-park forward to become another tourist’s hotspot.
published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management

1. Smart Cities and Communities Industrial Initiative [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу:http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0519:FIN:EN:PDF 2. UNWTO. World Tourism Organization. [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://www2.unwto.org/
One of the most important components of the services sector is the tourism market, among which are distinguished: historical, "green", recreational, entertainment, sports, youth, urban and other types of tourism. In the XXI century, the processes of urbanization are actively spreading. The development of the tourism potential of cities is therefore of great importance to all countries of the world. Let’s note that modern cities of developed countries, including EU countries, are acquired the status of "smart city".
Однією з найважливіших складових сфери послуг є туристичний ринок, серед якого виділяють: історичний, «зелений», рекреаційний, розважальний, спортивний, молодіжний, міський та інші види туризму. У XXI столітті процеси урбанізації активно поширюються. Тому розвиток туристичного потенціалу міст має велике значення для всіх країн світу. Зазначимо, що сучасні міста розвинених країн, зокрема країн ЄС, набувають статусу «розумного міста».

Савченко, Б. Ю. Формування і розвиток ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг України : дипломна робота : 242 «Туризм» / Б. Ю. Савченко ; керівник роботи А. В. Роговий ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра туризму. – Чернігів, 2021. – 65 с.
Об`єктом дослідження кваліфікаційної роботи обрано організацію ринку рекреаційних та туристичних послуг. Предметом дослідження кваліфікаційної роботи є процес функціонування та розвитку ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг в сучасних умовах розвитку національної економіки. Мета дослідження кваліфікаційної роботи полягає в розкритті теоретикометодологічних підходів у дослідженні функціонування ринку рекреаційних та туристичних послуг, та визначення основних напрямів підвищення ефективності його розвитку. Завданнями кваліфікаційної роботи є: визначити сутність та принципи організації ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг; розглянути класифікацію видів послуг ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг; розкрити передумови розвитку ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг; проаналізувати та визначити проблеми ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг; визначити напрями удосконалення функціонування ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг з урахуванням зарубіжного досвіду; розкрити шляхи розвитку ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг в Україні. За результатами дослідження сформульовані пропозиції щодо впровадження заходів, що дадуть змогу підвищити ефективність організації ринку рекреаційних і туристичних послуг в Україні та світі.
The object of research of qualification work is the organization of the market of recreational and tourist services. The subject of research of qualification work is the process of functioning and development of the market of recreational and tourist services in modern conditions of development of national economy. The purpose of the study of qualification work is to reveal the theoretical and methodological approaches in the study of the functioning of the market of recreational and tourist services, and to determine the main directions of improving the efficiency of its development. The objectives of the qualification work are: to determine the essence and principles of the organization of the market of recreational and tourist services; to consider the classification of types of services of the market of recreational and tourist services; to reveal the preconditions for the development of the market of recreational and tourist services; analyze and identify problems of the market of recreational and tourist services; identify areas for improving the functioning of the market of recreational and tourist services, taking into account foreign experience; to reveal ways of development of the market of recreational and tourist services in Ukraine. Based on the results of the study, proposals have been formulated for the implementation of measures that will increase the efficiency of the organization of the market of recreational and tourist services in Ukraine and the world.

Tourism is an important factor for economic growth. Unfortunately, the on going COVID-19 pandemic has struck hard on the tourism sector due to the lockdowns and travel restrictions. The lockdowns have also led to an increasing isolation among people which in the long term can lead to a decline in people’s psychological wellbeing.Together with Cybercom Group AB, an idea to solve this problem was to developan application with the intention to nurture the tourism sector and get people out of their homes while keeping the human interactions at a satisfactory level. The main feature of the application developed was a scheduler that carefully planned out people’s daily activities depending how crowded a specific location was. An application such as the one developed could lead to an increase in foot traffic while simultaneously decreasing the amount of physical contact between people. The result of this thesis mainly focuses on the developed application but more specifically the developed algorithms to schedule your day using crowd data. The algorithmdeveloped, the Optimal Time Slot Algorithm, averaged a crowding value of18,8% while the average of the best possible crowding value was 17,8%.
Turism är en viktig faktor för ekonomisk tillväxt. Tyvärr så har den pågående COVID-19 pandemin slagit hårt mot turismsektorn till följd av nedstängningar och restriktionerpå resande. Nedstängningarna har även lett till en ökad isolering hos personersom långsiktigt kan leda till en försämring av människors psykologiska välmående.Tillsammans med Cybercom Group AB växte en idé fram om att utveckla enapplikation som har till uppgift att främja turismsektorn och hjälpa folk att ta sig utur sina hem samtidigt som de undviker trängsel. Huvudfunktionen hos den utvecklade applikationen var en planerare som noggrantplanerar en persons dagliga aktiviteter beroende på hur mycket folk det var på denspecifika platsen vid ett visst tillfälle. En applikation likt den som utvecklats kan ledatill en ökad mängd personer i rörelse i kombination med att minska mängden fysiskkontakt mellan människor. Resultatet av detta examensarbete fokuserar huvudsakligen på den utvecklade applikationenoch specifikt de algoritmer som utvecklats för att planera din dag genomträngseldata. Den framtagna algoritmen, Optimal Time Slot Algorithm, resulteradei ett trängselsnitt på 17,8% där 18,8% var snittet av det bästa möjliga resultatet.

Thesis (M. Tech.(Tourism and Hospitality Management)) -- Central university of Technology, Free State, 2010
Globally, tourism is increasingly referred to as the world's biggest industry. As tourism increases so the consumer’s demand for quality in all its related products and services increase. Superior customer service can therefore be viewed as one of the most effective strategies to create a sustainable competitive advantage. The delivery of excellent service is crucial if a tourism destination such as the Sol Plaatje Municipal Area in the Northern Cape, South Africa, is to enhance its visitors’ experience and ensure their extended stay. One of the key constraints to tourism growth that has been identified is the lack of product and service quality. The primary goal of the study therefore was to investigate the perceptions of tourists on the quality of tourism service in the Sol Plaatje Area. Another primary goal was to determine the quality of service by conducting unstructured interviews with role-players in the local tourism industry. Secondary objectives were set, namely to determine the service needs of foreign and domestic tourists, and to make recommendations and suggestions to increase service quality in the Sol Plaatje Area. A questionnaire was used as a measuring instrument and distributed to domestic and foreign tourists. Three sampling points were selected to conduct the survey (250 questionnaires), namely the departure hall of Kimberley Airport, the Big Hole and the McGregor Museum. Results indicated that although the majority of tourists (83.4% of domestic and 93.8% of foreign respondents) were generally satisfied with the service they received and would promote the Sol Plaatje Municipal Area as a tourist destination, a large number of respondents (32.1%) rated their satisfaction with service delivery as average to poor. This is an indication that improvement is needed in the delivery of quality service. Unstructured interviews (conducted by the researcher) with 20 major role-players in the local tourism industry indicated that the majority (60%) perceived the service delivery in the Sol Plaatje Municipal Area as average to poor and not exceeding the expectations of tourists. Overall, the results indicated the need for the Sol Plaatje Municipal Area to improve its tourism service delivery in order to exceed tourist expectations and compete with other destinations locally and abroad. The findings of this study contribute valuable information and insights into the quality of service delivery in the Sol Plaatje Municipal Area. It will therefore be beneficial to all tourism stakeholders to provide visitors with the best service experience in the Sol Plaatje Municipal Area.

As an information intensive industry and as one of the most progressive industries in information technology adoption, travel and tourism provides an ideal context in which to investigate how new technologies such as interactive television challenge our understanding of media and media use. This research looks at how interactive television can be used by consumers and how it may be best applied by marketers in international holiday travel. Using the UK international traveller market to Western Australia as case in point, this research had three main research goals: 1) to understand how travellers use information sources with a focus on interactive television; 2) how an individual’s previous interactive media and travel experiences may pre-dispose them to using interactive television; and 3) to better understand why individuals interact and what impact the interaction has on the promotional effort. A travel ad and a travel show segment were used to explore these with impulse (brochure request) and telescopic (destination video) interactive opportunities. The treatments were deployed over a video-on-demand platform in greater London and participants took part in their homes via their televisions and a self administered questionnaire. This research has furthered the use of the multi-dimensional grid in understanding information sources in relationship to one another and updated the landscape with modern information sources such as television, teletext, the Internet and interactive television. Findings from this area of investigation suggest that current interactive television offerings cater better to short-haul destinations and although it currently plays a minor role, interactive television has the potential to significantly contribute to travellers’ long-haul holiday planning process. The finding that individuals understand interactive television through their experience with teletext rather than the Internet and are more likely to use interactive television if they are thorough and experienced planners supports the theory of knowledge transference. However, most importantly, if an individual has a positive experience with interactive television they will interact again in the future. Contributions were also made to a better understanding of the interactive television user and the use of interactive television applications to the travel and tourism industry in particular. Exploration of the differences between the Impulse and Telescopic approaches to interactivity highlighted that while interactivity generally enhances the promotional effort each approach has its own strategic applications.

Throughout the twenty-first century, the lowering cost and increased availability of travel options has resulted in virtually uninterrupted economic growth of the international tourism sector. While financially beneficial, the increased movement of people has also been shown to have a negative impact on the environment, leading to the growth of a more environmentally-friendly approach to travel called nature-based tourism. One country at the forefront of the nature-based tourism movement is Iceland, and while the sector has grown significantly in the country over the past decade, the way in which information concerning environmental issues is communicated to tourists has not been widely researched. Being the case, the aim of this study was to examine the extent to which environmental issues are communicated to the general public through the use of the ecosystem services framework. Four popular nature-based tourism activities were selected for analysis; a whale watching tour, a horse riding tour, a boat tour of a glacial lagoon and a spa experience in a geothermal hot spring. A literature review concerning how the ecosystem services framework related to each of these tours was carried out and findings were compared to observatory data gathered through participation in said tourism activities. Results showed that while scientific publications could be found for each tour/ecosystem service combination, information concerning environmental issues was not widely communicated to participants in the nature-based tourism activities using the ecosystem services framework.

Principles of business management are increasingly being used to analyze health care systems. Conceptualizing health care as business networks offers the possibility to apply the ARA model of Actors, Resources and Activities to understand the functioning of the system. We have used this model to study the phenomenon of networking in cross-border care using Uppsala University Hospital as a research case. The aim of the study was to understand actor’s perceptions of networking activities and how these related with international sales of health care services. We collected primary data through five interviews with managers involved in internationalization and a survey study with 26 managers at the hospital. Secondary data on patient flows and research activity was collected from hospital and university records. The main actors identified in the health care networks are doctors with professional identity being an important facilitating factor. Patient´s role as active participators in the system is increasing while researchers, innovators and key opinion leaders are also important. Networking activities consist of knowledge transfer via lecturing, meetings and external consulting activities. Resources in the form of supporting clinics, research centers and administrative services correlate positively with the level of internationalization. The study identifies networking activities as important for internationalization and cross-border sales of health care services. We conclude that the ARA model is a valuable instrument for analyzing cross border activities and internationalization of health care.

The work deals with tourism in the territory of Telčsko Micro-Region and aims to analyze the supply of tourism services to propose appropriate recommendations for further development of the region in the light of local potential. At the beginning of work are defined basic concepts and describes the importance and specifics of the market of tourism. Here is a chapter that deals with the services of tourism, and are given a theoretical basis for the analysis of these services. In the practical part of work is an analysis of primary and secondary offer of tourism in the Telč Micro-Region. Following them is carried out SWOT analysis of Micro-Region and determined appropriate strategy for further development. In conclusion, recommendations are given.

Includes bibliographical references.
With the continued spread of invasive alien vegetation in South Africa, there is a growing need and recognition in protecting ecosystem service delivery. While most literature on ecosystem services has focussed on provisioning and supporting services, this study looks at the less addressed cultural ecosystem services, specifically focussing on tourism and recreation. This research explores the relationship between tourism and invasive alien vegetation. This was carried out at firstly a national level, utilising primarily quantitative methods to identify, and map alien vegetation overlaps with key tourist sites in South Africa. This was followed by a more in-depth qualitative analysis, at a case study level, focussed on the Stellenbosch municipality, to determine the understanding and perceptions, tourists, landowners, and tourism operators have regarding invasive alien plants. Moderate to high levels of infestation were found overlapping various key tourism destinations across the country. The most heavily impacted provinces include the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal. In certain areas, invasion levels at key tourist destinations raise concerns regarding the management of these sites. The findings of this research signify a close link and definite relationship between tourism, and invasive alien vegetation. Looking specifically at tourism as a cultural ecosystem service, and the relationship this service has with invasive alien vegetation, future studies need to recognise the significance of this association, while the broader tourism industry needs to recognise the potential threats invasive alien vegetation poses to their operations. Furthermore, this research identifies the value in combining qualitative, human dimensions, with quantitative data and mapping approaches in ecosystem services research.

Empirical studies have established that tourism is a major determinant of economic growth and that international air services have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of an economy. It has also been argued that trade and public enterprise reforms in the service sectors, undertaken to a greater extent in high income countries, have had a positive impact on the sectors performances. This study analyses several hypotheses relating to Fiji’s tourism and air transport service industries. First the study examines the contribution of tourism exports to economic growth in the case of Fiji. Second, the study analyses whether the tourism reform adopted by Fiji in 1999 under the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has impacted on total tourism export performance. Third, the aviation-service growth nexus is investigated. Lastly, the effect of the aviation public enterprise reform activities on the export performance of air services is evaluated. Using time series annual data from 1968 to 2006, the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag. methodology has been utilized to estimate the contribution of each service sector to Fiji’s total service output. The results show that the tourism is a major determinant of growth in Fiji and that the aviation service-growth hypothesis is also valid for Fiji. The empirical results show that both the trade reforms in tourism and the pro-competitive measures undertaken in the airline industry, amongst other determinants, have not significantly created an impact on the respective export performance of tourism and air services. These findings provide key policy implications in the light of capitalizing on services exports as a major source of growth, particularly in developing island countries such as Fiji and the need to facilitate the strengthening of the market to boost the export performance of tourism and air services.

Згідно історії розвитку туризму з 1945 р. до нині триває етап масового туризму та глобалізації туристичної індустрії. Цікаво, що на початкових етапах розвитку туризму основними чинниками, що спонукали наших предків мандрувати були: освоєння нових територій проживання та різних видів діяльності, а також прагнення людини пізнати оточуючий світ. За статистичними даними за останні десятиліття індустрія туризму стала однією з найважливіших сфер економіки та забезпечує близько 10% світового валового продукту. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33268

Els paisatges costaners són sistemes socioecològics altament dinàmics i complexos que resulten de la interfície terrestre i marítima. Aquesta interfície crea ecosistemes rics i dinàmics, els quals proporcionen valuosos beneficis a les persones. Per aquest motiu, part del desenvolupament social, cultural i econòmic del món es concentra a les zones costaneres on hi conviuen i es solapen múltiples actors, interessos i activitats. A més, els sistemes socioecològics costaners estan en constant transformació, els quals funcionen a diferents escales temporals i espacials de manera no lineal, per tant, sorgeixen propietats i processos emergents i impredictibles. En aquest context, la recerca sobre els sistemes costaners requereix tenir en compte la complexitat socioecològica. Aquesta recerca emmarca els Serveis dels Ecosistemes (SE) dins d’aquesta complexitat. Els SE són els beneficis que els humans obtenen dels ecosistemes. Mitjançant una revisió sistemàtica, aquesta tesi examina de forma crítica com la literatura científica referent als SE costaners inclou els factors de la complexitat socioecològica. Els resultats mostren buits importants, especialment pel que fa a la inclusió d'aspectes socials dels SE: una comprensió parcial de la coproducció que no inclou aspectes com governança, representacions socials i tecnologia; manca de comprensió de com el poder articula la coproducció, els costos, els beneficis i l'accés als SE; falta d'avaluacions que combinin diferents escales (multi-escalars i trans-escalars); un buit pel que fa a les dimensions intrínseques i relacionals del benestar humà, com també pel que fa a la distribució de benestar entre els grups socials; i la manca d'avaluacions sobre la incertesa. Aquesta tesi doctoral proposa un marc conceptual holístic integrant els buits identificats, el qual té com a objectiu comprendre les interaccions complexes i no lineals, així com els processos de retroalimentació de la producció, oferta, demanda i ús dels SE costaners. D'aquesta manera, el marc articula la relació entre coproducció, accés i relacions de poder. Aquest marc s’aplica per estudiar els creuers a Barcelona, mitjançant una metodologia mixta que combina entrevistes semiestructurades, documents i informes oficials, que s'analitzen qualitativament mitjançant la teoria fonamentada i una enquesta a passatgers de creuers. Aquest treball identifica els SE sol·licitats pels creuers i els seus passatgers, així com el flux d’aquests serveis, des dels sistemes de subministrament fins als de recepció. També s’analitzen els processos de coproducció dels SE, els quals es componen de les interaccions multi-escalars de diferents components socials i ecològics. Els resultats mostren com els fluxos poden ser globals, regionals i locals. Per tant, els creuers estan interconnectats mundialment. Els processos de coproducció d’aquests serveis es basen en dinàmiques de coevolució, ja que els components socials i ecològics es codeterminen els uns als altres. Els acords institucionals i les representacions socials són components fonamentals de coproducció i coevolució, ambdós reforcen altres transformacions de components socioecològics. Aquesta recerca també estudia empíricament els mecanismes d’accés en les diferents etapes dels serveis, les relacions de poder que condicionen els mecanismes d’accés i els impactes derivats del subministrament i demanda dels SE. Els acords formals, la negociació a través de les relacions socials, el coneixement i el capital financer són mecanismes fonamentals d’accés, articulats per relacions de poder estructurades a través de relacions escalars. L’anàlisi dels mecanismes d’accés permet entendre qui té accés als SE, qui en queda exclòs i qui rep els impactes. L'aparell conceptual d'aquesta tesi (model en cascada, model de coevolució, anàlisi de relacions escalars, teoria d'accés i ecologia política) serveix per estudiar la complexitat sociocultural ecològica, és a dir, serveix per obtenir una comprensió profunda de les complexes relacions entre els components socials i ecològics, ja que integra els elements simbòlics i materials dels SE.
Los paisajes costeros son sistemas socio-ecológicos dinámicos y complejos que resultan de la interfaz terrestre y marítima. Esta interfaz crea ecosistemas ricos y dinámicos, los cuales proporcionan valiosos beneficios a las personas. De este modo, parte del desarrollo social, cultural y económico del mundo se concentra en las zonas costeras, en el que conviven y se solapan múltiples actores, intereses y actividades. Además, los sistemas socio-ecológicos costeros están en constante transformación, los cuales funcionan a diferentes escalas temporales y espaciales de manera no-lineal, por lo tanto, surgen propiedades y procesos emergentes e impredecibles. En este contexto, la investigación sobre los sistemas costeros requiere tener en cuenta la complejidad socio-ecológica. Esta investigación enmarca los Servicios de los Ecosistemas (SE) dentro de la complejidad socio-ecológica. Los SE son los beneficios que los humanos obtienen de los ecosistemas. Mediante una revisión sistemática, esta tesis examina de forma crítica como la literatura científica de los SE costeros incluye los factores de la complejidad socio-ecológica. Los resultados muestran los siguientes vacíos, especialmente en cuanto a la inclusión de aspectos sociales de los SE: la falta de los componentes de flujo y demanda del modelo en cascada; una comprensión parcial de la coproducción que no incluye aspectos como gobernanza, representaciones sociales y tecnología; falta de comprensión de cómo el poder sustenta la coproducción, los costes, los beneficios y el acceso a los SE; falta de evaluaciones que combinen diferentes escalas (multiescalares y trans-escalares); un vacío con respecto a las dimensiones intrínsecas y relacionales del bienestar humano, así como de la distribución de bienestar entre los grupos sociales; y la falta de evaluaciones sobre la incertidumbre. Esta tesis doctoral propone un marco conceptual holístico integrando los vacíos identificados, el cual tiene como objetivo comprender las interacciones complejas y no lineales, así como los procesos de retroalimentación de la producción, oferta, demanda y uso de los SE costeros. El marco articula la relación entre coproducción, acceso y relaciones de poder. Mediante una metodología mixta que combina entrevistas semiestructuradas, documentos e informes oficiales, que se analizan cualitativamente mediante teoría fundamentada y una encuesta para pasajeros de cruceros, el marco conceptual se aplica en el estudio los cruceros en Barcelona. Así, se identifican los SE solicitados por los cruceros y el flujo de estos servicios, es decir desde los sistemas de suministro hasta los de recepción, y cómo se han coproducido mediante interacciones multiescalares de diferentes componentes sociales y ecológicos. Los resultados muestran que los flujos de los SE pueden ser globales, regionales y locales y cómo los procesos de coproducción se basan en dinámicas de coevolución, ya que los componentes sociales y ecológicos se codeterminan unos a otros. Los acuerdos institucionales y las representaciones sociales son componentes primordiales de coproducción y coevolución, ambos refuerzan otras transformaciones de componentes socio-ecológicos. Esta tesis doctoral también estudia los mecanismos de acceso, las relaciones de poder que condicionan los mecanismos de acceso y los impactos derivados del suministro y demanda de los SE. Los acuerdos formales, la negociación a través de relaciones sociales, el conocimiento y el capital financiero son mecanismos fundamentales de acceso, mediados por relaciones de poder estructuradas a través de relaciones escalares. El análisis de los mecanismos de acceso permite entender quién tiene acceso a los SE, quien queda excluido y quien recibe los impactos. El aparato conceptual de esta tesis (modelo en cascada, modelo de coevolución, análisis de relaciones escalares, teoría de acceso y ecología política) sirve para estudiar la complejidad socio-ecológica. Es decir, para obtener una comprensión profunda de las complejas relaciones entre los componentes sociales y ecológicos porque integra los elementos simbólicos y materiales de los SE.
Coastal landscapes are highly dynamic and complex socio-ecological systems resulting from the interface of land and sea. This interface creates rich and dynamic ecosystems that provide valuable benefits to humans. Much of the world’s social, cultural, and economic development is concentrated within coastal zones, and they comprise manifold and overlapping actors, activities, and interests. Moreover, coastal socio-ecological systems are under constant transformation. These transformations operate on different temporal and spatial scales in a non-linear manner; hence, unexpected properties and processes emerge. In this context, coastal research to inform and enable coastal management presents the particular need to consider socio-ecological complexity. This research frames the concept of ecosystem services (ES) within socio-ecological systems and political ecology through socio-ecological complexity. Ecosystem services, which are benefits obtained by humans from ecosystems, are the result of coproduction processes between ecological and social components and their multifaceted relations in complex socio-ecological system interactions. Through a systematic literature review, this dissertation critically examines how socio-ecological complexity factors are included in coastal ES literature. The results show the following significant gaps, especially in terms of comprising social aspects of ES: missing cascade-model components of flow and demand; a partial understanding of coproduction with missing core aspects (such as governance, social representations, and technology); a lack of understanding of how power underpins coproduction, trade-offs and access to ES; a lack of assessments that combine different scales (e.g., multi-scale and cross-scale assessments); a gap concerning the intrinsic and relational dimensions of human wellbeing (HWB), as well as the understanding of HWB distribution among social groups; and a lack of uncertainty assessments. To fill the abovementioned gaps, a holistic socio-ecological framework is created. This framework aims to understand the complex and non-linear interactions and feedback processes of coastal ES production, supply, demand, and use. The framework articulates the relationship between coproduction and access and power relations. The created framework serves to study ES demanded by cruise ships in Barcelona through a mixed-method approach by combining semi-structured interviews, official documents, reports (analysed qualitatively using grounded theory analysis), and a survey of cruise ship passengers. This study identifies the ES demanded by cruise ships and their flows from ES provisioning to receiving systems and how these flows have been co-produced through the multi-scalar interactions of different socio-ecological components. The results show that the ES flows of cruise ships embody global, regional, and local scales as well as multi-scale relations and interdependencies. Cruise ships are interconnected worldwide through ES flows. The coproduction of these flows comprises coevolutionary processes, as socio-ecological components co-determine each other. Institutional agreements and social representations are fundamental components of coproduction and coevolution, and both reinforce other component transformations. Adding to that, this research also empirically studies the mechanisms by which stakeholders can access ES at different cascade-model steps and how these mechanisms are underpinned by power relations, and the derived trade-offs of ES from provisioning to receiving systems. Right-based agreements, negotiation via social relations, knowledge, and financial capital are fundamental access mechanisms mediated by power structured through scalar relations. The analysis of access and power reveals who is excluded from ES and how and who receives associated trade-offs and how (i.e. who the winners and losers are). The conceptual apparatus of this thesis (i.e. the cascade-model, coevolution model, scalar relations analysis, access theory, and political ecology approach) serves to study the socio-ecological complexity. Because the study integrated the symbolic and material elements of ES, the study obtains a profound understanding of the complex relations between the social and ecological components.

The study begins with a conceptual framework, which defines services, examines theories on the role of services within economies and looks at the concept of services sector productivity. It then discusses measurement issues as they relate to services in general and more specifically to tourism activities. The study then presents an empirical analysis of Caribbean services sectors, in order to indicate their growing importance in the economies of the English-speaking Caribbean countries. It examines the relative contributions of the components of the services sector, investigates the income elasticity thesis and suggests criteria for identifying service economies. As a background for the production function analyses, the dissertation presents synopses of the three tourism sub-sectors being studied (accommodation, restaurant and transport and allied activities). These descriptions are based on data compiled from a survey undertaken in three countries. The dissertation's main area of focus is on the use of the production function approach to the study of productivity in tourism activities. Using a model based on the Cobb-Douglas and modified production functions, it estimates the partial elasticities of output with respect to individual inputs. The findings indicate that the labour variable exerts a relatively strong influence on output, while the capital variable exhibits little or no impact on the latter. Based on these findings and an examination of the productivity ratio, the study concludes with a discussion of factors influencing productivity.

Les systèmes de services contextualisés ont connu un grand essor ces dernières années dans des domaines variés tels que la santé, la logistique ou bien le tourisme. Cette thèse s'intègre dans un projet plus global, nommé E-Tourism, qui vise à réaliser une plateforme de fourniture de services sensibles au contexte à des utilisateurs en situation de mobilité. Le travail de cette thèse se focalise sur la problématique de composition de services web et de leur exécution. La composition de services web permet la réutilisation de services existants afin d'en faire une synthèse répondant au besoin de l'utilisateur. Cette composition se fait en général au niveau de la phase conceptuelle ce qui limite le choix de services potentiels. Cette thèse présente une nouvelle approche de la composition de services Web automatisé et une plateforme d'exécution. Notre approche vise à composer les opérations de services qui répondent aux besoins des utilisateurs mobiles exprimées dans une logique propositionnelle et exécuter le service composé en agrégeant plusieurs services composants. Nous avons proposé une plateforme d'exécution de services et nous avons introduit un nouvel algorithme de planification intégré à cette plateforme. Nous avons défini un contexte basé sur le modèle BPMN. Afin de valider notre modèle sémantique nous avons utilisé une approche de type « model-checking » . Enfin, nous avons réalisé un prototype sous forme d'une plateforme de composition de services et d'exécution automatique en Java. Nous avons implémenté les règles d'inférence et les modèles BPMN en prolog. Enfin, nous avons intégré ces algorithmes dans l'ensemble du système. En perspectives, nous prévoyons d'étendre notre travail actuel et prendre en compte des scénarios plus complexes nécessitant des services web dynamiques
Recently, distributed computing systems based on context awareness have been proposing in several domains such as healthcare, logistics and tourism. The study described in this thesis is a part of a broader project of E-Tourism system that provides nomad user, context-aware personalized services. The work of this thesis focuses on the issues raised by web service composition and execution. Web service composition brings benefits of reusing existing services to synthesize the new resulting service that meets users needs. The way to create web service composition normally happens at design time, but this limits choices of services. This thesis presents a novel approach of automated web service composition and execution framework. Our approach aims to compose service operations that fulfill mobile users' requirements expressed in propositional logic and execute the resulting service based on aggregating multi service components. In the proposed framework, we have introduced our planning algorithm based on abstract goal states to search and connect to service operations, by mean of service operation annotations, for an abstract plan. The abstract plan is expected for workflow model of sequencing, paralleling and conditioning among service operations. However, the generated workflow is not in an executable form, this is why we perform the transformation of the workflow into an executable business process. To achieve the business process execution, we defined context based BPMN model for mapping the abstract plan to BPMN semantics. We also propose a new validation algorithm and exploited planning-as-model-checking approach to validate the semantic BPMN model whether it is Well-formed and Well-defined BPMN process. Finally, we implemented the automated service composition and execution framework system in Java platform as a proof of concept. We developed the logical composition and, transformation and validation BPMN algorithms written in Prolog. We have integrated these algorithms into the whole system. From the perspective, we plan to extend our current work and take into account more complex user's scenarios that explicitly and implicitly express other pattern controls and we will also consider the scenarios required for stateful web services

This thesis deals with tourism services accessibility for foreigners in the Czech republic, which means each service language adaptation for foreign visitors. The term of accessibility is defined in the theoretical section as well as the way of application in tourism services and the evaluation criteria. Great emphasis was laid on tourism employees language facilities and foreign language information accessibility. The services analysis was made in Prague as the most visited tourism destination in the Czech republic and then in Třebíč, town with UNESCO listed sights. The main task was map out the present state of services in term of language accessibility which are offered to foreigners and propose possible ways of other development in the areas of tourism services where the accessibility is not completely solved.

Digital technologies have a substantial impact on the tourism industry by affecting thetraveller's behaviour before, during and at the end of the trip and by transforming thetraditional travellers to the digital travellers and smart tourism. Data lies at the core ofall smart tourism activities and received considerable attention in the context of tourists'privacy concerns, precisely, location-based service (LBS). LBS is an example of smarttechnology to enhance travellers' experience and to provide significant benefits to users.Although, LBS become popular among tourists due to high information availability, easeof use, and cheapness, lack of location information protection make the users vulnerable.The latter is a great concern for users when they unintentionally allow the LBS providersto collect all information related to their location. Therefore, this study was conductedby focusing on the general concept of privacy to determine the issues related to the LBSusing in Småland tourism industry. The tourists' perceptions and understanding ofprivacy while using LBC were considered as a general concept of privacy.The study was performed through qualitative research by collecting data from thestructured-interview based on open-ended questions. The qualitative research presentedin this study was based on different viewpoints of interviewees. Thematic analysis wasused to obtain a comprehensive understanding of interviewees' privacy concerns to useLBS. The result indicated four major themes, such as personal information, privacybreach, hesitancy/conditionally and hedonic, that impact differently on tourists' intentionto use LBS. Furthermore, the personality of people, their perceptions and demands couldenhance their privacy concerns for using LBS. These concerns, however, might besuspended when the benefits of gaining information from LBS is considerable. Someother factors, such as the ease of use, user-friendly design, pleasant impression, alongwith providing useful information in the tourism destination, were also considered asessential for LBS adoption among tourists.

Les services géolocalisés (LBS) sont destinés à délivrer de l'information adéquate aux utilisateurs quelque soit le temps et l'endroit et ceci en se basant sur leur profil, contexte et position géographique. A travers n'importe quelle application dans ce domaine, par exemple m-tourisme, les utilisateurs souhaitent toujours recevoir une réponse rapide et précise en se déplaçant. Cependant, la qualité de service proposée par les fournisseurs cartographiques actuels (i.e. Google Maps, Bing, Yahoo Maps, Mappy ou Via Michelin) dépend de leurs données géographiques. En général, ces données sont stockées de plusieurs bases de données géographiques (BDG) dans le monde entier. D'autre part, le nombre croissant des différentes BDG couvrant la même zone géographique et la récupération des données/métadonnées non erronées pour un service quelconque, impliquent de nombreux raisonnements et de contrôles d'accès aux BDG afin de résoudre les ambiguïtés dues à la présence des objets homologues dupliqués sur l'écran mobile. Mon travail consiste à permettre cette intégration cartographique pour les applications mtourisme et ceci en récupérant les informations spatiales/non-spatiales (noms, positions géographiques, catégorie du service, détails sémantiques et symboles cartographiques) de plusieurs fournisseurs. Cependant, ceci peut conduire à visualiser des objets dupliqués pour le même point d'intérêt et causer des difficultés au niveau de la gestion des données. En outre, l'utilisateur sera dérouté par la présence de résultats multiples pour un même point. Donc, mon but ultime sera de générer automatiquement une carte unique intégrant plusieurs interfaces des fournisseurs sur laquelle les objets homologues seront intégrés avant de les visualiser sur l'écran mobile. Nos nouveaux concepts, basés sur certains algorithmes de fusion, sur l'ontologie pour assurer l'intégration au niveau sémantique et cartographique, sur l'orchestration des géo web services, sont implémentés dans des prototypes modulaires et évalués.

Сучасний етап економічного розвитку України стимулює пошук таких форм господарювання, які б задовольняли як потреби виробника, так і потреби споживача певного виду продукції. Однією з найбільш ефективних форм є приватна підприємницька діяльність, яка з одного боку забезпечує зайнятість частини населення, а з другого – сприяє виробництву національного продукту та популяризації його на вітчизняному та міжнародному ринку. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31109

This thesis concerns Swedes’ medical tourism to Poland with an indication of  travelling for beauty treatments. Its goal is to study Swedes travelling to Poland because of aesthetic medicine purposes. Trips with medical background, e.g. surgeries, dental treatments or spa/wellness tourism were not taken into account in this assignment. However, in many aspects, some of this data were also included because of the unavailability of more precise sources. The aim has also been to try to reach an insight in what kind of factors and motivations cause that more and more Swedes choose to seek medical help in Poland. The goal has been also to show how the future of this kind of tourism could look like. The study is based on qualitative interviews with clinics and medical centres performing those treatments and patients/customers with such an experience. The theoretical framework concerns laws and regulations, also personal motivations and needs. I came to the conclusion that there are several reasons for people to travel to Poland for medical services: relative low costs of treatment, high quality of service and technology, short waiting periods, insignificant cultural differences and geographical proximity of both of the countries.

O presente projeto (Animação Turística no Alentejo: sobre a oportunidade para criar um serviço aeronáutico inovador) pretende fazer a apresentação de uma ideia de negócio inovadora, com a possibilidade de implementar uma empresa de animação turística que oferece serviços aeronáuticos no Alentejo, nomeadamente rotas aéreas temáticas que possibilitam a deslocação dos turistas em passeios aéreos pelo Alentejo, tentando desta forma verificar a sua viabilidade. O projeto foi posteriormente designado como Rotas do Alentejo. A sua realização foi feita com base num estudo de mercado, feito através da aplicação de inquéritos a turistas em Évora e Montemor-o-Novo. Destes inquéritos resultaram algumas conclusões que poderão ser uma alavanca para o avanço deste projeto. Sendo aceite de forma muito positiva por parte dos inquiridos, os resultados apontam que aparentemente o projeto tem potencial, existindo grande recetividade para as condições apresentadas. Sendo as conclusões animadoras, o desenvolvimento real deste projeto não deve ser já afastada; ABSTRACT: Tourist Activities in Alentejo: on the opportunity to create an innovative aeronautical service This project (Tourist Activities in Alentejo: on the opportunity to create an innovative aeronautical service) intends to make the presentation of an innovative business idea, with the possibility of implementing a tourism company that provides aeronautical services in Alentejo, including thematic air routes that allow the movement of tourists in aerial tours for several areas of the Alentejo, trying thus verify its viability. The project was named as the Alentejo Routes. The achievement of this objective was based on a market study, done by applying surveys to tourists in Évora and Montemor-o-Novo. Some conclusions may be taken from the inquiries that might be a lever for the advancement of this project. Being accepted very positively by respondents, the results indicate that apparently the project has potential to go ahead, with great receptivity to the offered conditions. The findings are encouraging and the real development of this project should not be ruled out.

Recently, New Zealand's wine industry has made remarkable progress. For example, the number of hectares planted in grapes increased from 4,880 in 1990, to 15,479 in 2003, and the number of wineries increased from 175 in 1993 to 421 in 2003. Projections for 2006 indicate that the growth of wine exports should nearly double from 2003, with expected revenues of $NZ 736 million. However, despite this growth, little has been reported about developments in New Zealand's wine tourism industry, or about consumer perceptions of the winery experience in the form of published academic research. The limited amount of information, particularly from the visitors' points of view, may not only be preventing winery operators and the wine industry in general from having a better understanding of their visitors, but also from addressing the needs of different visitor segments. Resulting implications for winery operators may include forgone business opportunities, and customers not fully benefiting in terms of product and service quality. Recent studies indicate that this last element is particularly important in wine tourism. This study reports the results of an exploratory research project conducted in New Zealand wineries that investigated aspects of the winery experience, including wine involvement, satisfaction with the winery experience, and visitor demographics. An index to measure involvement with wine, the wine involvement index (WIX), was developed and utilised to investigate whether wine involvement had an impact on winery visitors' behaviour. Data were collected from winery visitors via questionnaires distributed in a sample of wineries in different wine regions of New Zealand. A total of 609 usable responses were obtained (24.8% response rate). The results indicate a number of differences between the independent, dependent, and moderating variables. For example, it was found that age, whether visitors are domestic or international, and different levels of wine involvement appear to have a clear impact on winery expenditure. In addition, the WIX was confirmed to be a useful tool, for example, by identifying potential relationships between different groups of winery visitors. The results add new knowledge to the area of wine tourism, and offer useful information for wineries and the wine tourism industry. This information includes the potential commercial significance of some visitor groups. An additional contribution of this study is the 'complete wine tourism research model.' This concept presents an alternative to existing wine tourism models, and points out attributes and dimensions that play a major role in the winery experience.

Іноземний туризм в Україні був започаткований ще за часів радянської влади у 30-ті роки минулого сторіччя. Свого часу в Радянському Союзі були досить поширені туристичні подорожі громадян союзних республік. Проте за роки незалежності держави Україна багато чого втратила в організації іноземного туризму, хоча ця галузь є досить перспективною для держави і влада має розвивати його, адже наша країна володіє достатнім рекреаційним потенціалом. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32670

The purpose of this study was to determine tourism students’ perceptions of their Experiential Learning (EL) experiences based on the Predicting Learner Advancement through Cooperative Education (PLACE) four-component model. The research objectives were to ascertain Experiential Learning’s impact on the four components namely Personal Development, Career Development, Work-skills Development and Academic Development. This study fits within the pragmatic paradigm and utilised an explanatory mixed methods research design which requires quantitative data to be collected first with follow-up qualitative data. The data collection instrument for the quantitative data was the PLACE model, which was in the form of a survey questionnaire and the data generating strategy for the qualitative data was individual interviews. The findings of the data were heavily skewed toward the positive end of the spectrum with students viewing the impact of EL on the four components as favourable. Interviews were conducted with participants whose results showed deviations from the norm and had particularly negative experiences. Academic Development had extremely low Cronbach Alphas, which points to poor reliability. This phenomenon was also further explored during the interviews with participants making suggestions for factors to be considered. Recommendations were made to the three stakeholders of EL namely students, employers and academic coordinators in order to ensure improved Experiential Learning programmes and maximised student benefit.

This research explores competitive bodybuilders in New Zealand and their identities. Bodybuilders have often been construed as being broadly similar – excessively muscular people, who build their physiques for sometimes questionable reasons, such as for a cover for internal insecurities. Bodybuilding is often considered acceptable for men because muscles are symbolic of masculinity – on women they are seen as unnatural and unfeminine. While external critiques have tended to portray bodybuilders in a negative light, phenomenological accounts have often emphasised participants’ positive experiences. Existing research concerning the identity of bodybuilders has only scratched the surface. Identities reflect an understanding of ‘who one is’ – the continuing meanings people associate with themselves and as members of social groups. Furthermore, bodybuilders are not just ‘bodybuilders’, they are also people. Bodybuilding is not their only identity, it is one of their numerous identities. This research explored not only the meanings participants attribute to bodybuilding, but also how it is lived and experienced within the broader self. A phenomenological-inspired, mixed methodological approach was adopted using quantitative and qualitative methods. Participants were male and female competitive bodybuilders of varying ages residing in New Zealand. They were at different stages in their bodybuilding career and represented a range of competitive experience. A postal questionnaire was completed by 382 competitive bodybuilders, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 32 participants. Photo elicitation was also used. A key outcome of this research has been to highlight the changeable, complex, contradictory nature of bodybuilder identities. Fluidity, ambiguity and pluralism existed amongst the everyday practices and identities of participants. Although bodybuilders shared commonalities, their identities were not identical or stable: bodybuilding could be about transforming the body,looking good, being competitive, creative and/or healthy. It could be a lifestyle, involve personal challenge, self-development, social belonging and friendship. Identity experiences could be influenced by personality, background, gender, sexuality, age, ethnicity, work, family and church. The bodybuilder identities were also found to be closely connected to participant perceptions concerning their natural body, genetic advantages and limitations. Furthermore, their identities were not depthless but entailed commitment, passion, mental, social and emotional dimensions. Competitive bodybuilding was a meaningful activity, that often left an indelible mark and continued to shape participant lives even after they had ceased competitive bodybuilding.

The general objective of the proposed research is to do a needs analysis for the tourism and hospitality industries of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland. This will be followed by an alignment of these industries with the provisions of the General Agreement of Trade in Services, commonly known as GATS, so that a Tourism and Hospitality Services Charter may be moulded that may be used uniformly throughout SACU. The specific objectives of the research are: To analyze impact assessment reports and studies conducted on the Tourism and Hospitality Industries for all five SACU member states with the aim of harmonizing standards, costs and border procedures. To ecognize SACU member states&rsquo
schedule of GATS Commitments, especially in the service sectors being investigated, by improving market access, and to recommend minimal infrastructural development levels to be attained for such sectors&rsquo
support. To make recommendations to harness the challenges faced by the said industries into a working document. To calibrate a uniformity of trade standards in these sectors that shall be used by the SACU membership. To ensure that the template is flexible enough for SACU to easily adopt and use in ongoing bilateral negotiations, for example.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama turizmo paslaugų sutartis, jos nuostatas reglamentuojantys LR bei kitų ES valstybių teisės aktai, atskleidžiami turizmo paslaugų teikimo kokybės teisiniai aspektai. Vykdant darbe iškeltus uždavinius, pateikiama turizmo turizmo paslaugų samprata, rūšys ir specifika, analizuojamos turizmo paslaugų teikimo sutarties atsiradimo priežastys, jos sudarymo bei įsigaliojimo sąlygos, apžvelgiama turizmo paslaugų teikimo teisinio reglamentavimo situacija. Turizmo paslaugų sutarties turinys šiame darbe nagrinėjamas, jos nuostatas lyginant su pagrindinių santykius šioje srityje reglamentuojančių LR teisės aktų bei direktyvos 90/314/EEC normomis, atliekant teismų praktikos analizę. Moksliniams tyrimams skirtoje darbo dalyje analizuojama ginčų, kylančių iš turizmo paslaugų sutarties nagrinėjimo tvarka; pristatoma LTA atlikta studija, kurioje, lyginant su kitų ES valstybių teisės aktų nuostatomis iškeliami turizmo paslaugų teikėjams ydingi LR teisės aktų normų aspektai; aprašoma turizmo paslaugų vartotojų anketinės apklausos metodika, pristatomi jos rezultatai ir jų vertinimai. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados bei rekomendacijos turizmo paslaugų teikimo sutarties tobulinimui, apginamos iškeltos hipotezės. Darbe pateikti 5 paveikslai, 4 lentelės, 8 priedai. Darbo apimtis - 60 puslapių.
The concluding work for master's degree analyses the contract in tourism services legal acts of LR and other ES countries determening its reguliations, legal aspects of tourism services quality are as well dealt with in this study. According to the tasks risen in this particular study, the understanding kinds and specificity of tourism services are presented, the reasons of tourism services agreement appearance, the conditions of its performance and its coming into action are analysed, legal reguliation situation of tourism services is glanced at. The content of tourism services agreement is analysed in this study on the basis of comparing its regulations with the main lans of LR legal acts and directive 90/314/ECC norms regulating relations in the sphere, employing the analysis of court practice. The part of the study for scientific research deals with the analysis of arguments, rising from tourism services agreement, solving order. The study carried out in LTA is presented which points out invalid LR lan acts norms aspects in comparison with other ES countries law acts regulations, the methods of tourism services consumers questionaries are described, its results and evaluation are presented. The concluding part of the study presents the conclusions and recommendations for the improvement of tourism services agreement the outcoming hypotheses are defended. The study includes 5 pictures, 4 tables and 8 appendices. The scope of the study is 60 pages.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the possibility of putting DEiiTALY company under the name DEI Tours Prague on tourism market in Prague and design suitable products for it. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter defines theoretical terms, the second describes the company DEiiTALY and its business. The third chapter focuses on the tourism market in Prague and analyzes the potential competition. The fourth chapter deals with the possibilities of launching company product at the tourism market in Prague. The final, fifth chapter, consists of three products, that could be offered by company DEI TOURs Prague.

This research is concerned with advancing understanding of human-nature relationships and the ways in which people benefit from interactions with nature. This is important since economic accounts of the value of natural resources are most often used to determine priorities for action, leaving the more deep-felt and intangible ways that people experience and value nature largely excluded from decision making processes. The imperative to understand the more nuanced ways that people benefit from and value nature has gained traction in recent years most notably through high-profile analysis of natural resources which have made explicit their links to human well-being. This study aims to capture these wider values of the Jurassic Coast, Dorset and the ways in which it comes to resonate as significant and valuable to people. It uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques to gain rich insights into what this World Heritage Site really means to visitors and how experiences here underpin psychological well-being. A methodological innovation is presented in the human needs framework which is used to test the extent to which human needs thought to be important for psychological well-being are satisfied through interactions in the landscape. Moreover, it is hypothesised that this satisfaction leads to eudaimonic well-being which is concerned with positive psychological functioning and ‘flourishing’ (Ryan & Deci, 2001). This research has implications for tourism planning and management to ensure opportunities are created or maintained for human needs to be met in the landscape and for optimal visitor experiences to result. More widely, this research also has implications for understanding environmental value from a broad perspective and for using innovative methodologies to reveal these values, and to incorporate them in decision making processes in diverse policy areas.

In the first part of thesis will be defined theoretical aspects of services, specifics of service marketing management. After selecting definite branch of services and the area, will be conducted marketing research. After research will be clarified role of service in development of selected area a will be proposed program for developing services.

Goal of the thesis has been deep analysis of winter ski resorts in the Czech republic and France and finding an optimal ski resort for a week holiday. Set of criterias important for average czech skier for selection of a resort was designed accordingly to the results of a survey made on sample of czech population. Supplementary goal is to prove a hypothesis that rather than the size of a resort, the quality and scope of services (not only ski-related) really matters.

In this thesis the limits of development of tourism have been mapped in one of most visited regions in France. The main objective was to determine the primary and secondary barriers to development of tourism in the Alpes-Maritimes. The impairment causes the negative factors of development, an analysis of individual service sectors which are directly linked to tourism and the characteristics of the region in terms of natural, cultural and other attrac-tions. The conclusion has been drawn up comprehensive SWOT analysis and proposals for measures to support the development of tourism in the selected area.