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1
Goze, Grace. "Offred Versus June". Digital Literature Review 6 (15 gennaio 2019): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/dlr.6.0.119-129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale has recently made its way back into popular culture andmedia. This is a consequence of the streaming service Hulu launching a web television series basedon the novel. The protagonist, Ofred, plays a crucial role in both tellings of the story, but thatrole shifts depending on the medium. Within the novel, Ofred lacks the characteristics of a hero,demonstrating complacency in her tortured position. Meanwhile, the Ofred of the Hulu series is arebel, an empowered woman who refuses oppression. These intentional portrayals of Ofred speakto the inevitable distinctions between visual and written storytelling.
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Zhang, Yuting. "Anti-heroism in Nineteen Eighty-Four". Journal of Education and Educational Research 8, n. 1 (12 aprile 2024): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/sh21xy21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
George Orwell’s dystopian masterpiece, Nineteen Eighty-Four is one of the most pervasively influential books of the twentieth century. Many previous researchers have explored its profound themes and cultural implications. Starting from a different perspective, this thesis approaches the story in the light of anti-heroism. By analyzing the image of Big Brother and the protagonist, the anti-heroic spirit shown in the transformations of the protagonist presents the glory of humanity under the pressure of totalitarianism. The suffering of the protagonist especially when he is under arrest shows readers how humanity will be tortured by totalitarianism in a world which is dominated by traditional heroism. Orwell expresses his comprehending of the freedom and concern for the future of mankind and gives his answer about hero and freedom after a close reading. A true hero is not the one who maintains the leadership of the party, but a man with independent thought, identifying the beauty and ugliness. And the right of freedom is the freedom of ideology on the basis of history.
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Singh, HP. "EXISTENTIALISM IN INDIAN ENGLISH NOVEL". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, n. 7 (31 luglio 2015): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i7.2015.2984.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Existentialism in Indian English Novel has its roots in western philosophy. Since our civilization has been heading towards westernization, and the life of man has been tending towards modernization. It has become inevitable for man to ask himself who he is and what his relation is to the physical and social world. The modern Indian is surrounded by the forces which are commanded and controlled by existentialist dilemmas. Modern fictional hero is a split-personality or a tortured individual through whose mind the novelist points out the social or national or human conditions. Modern heroes are not only emotionally wronged but also shaken at the existential level. The problems of existence are too wide to be managed by the modern man. The modern novel portrays outsiders, foreigners, who are empty in feelings, or incapable of communication, or unable to relate themselves meaningfully to the surroundings. Thus modern’s fiction in English reflects modern human predicament; life surrounded by forces of anxiety.
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Buch, Esteban, e Anaïs Fléchet. "Music in Prison: The Campaign for the Release of Miguel Angel Estrella, 1977–1980". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 72, n. 3 (settembre 2017): 527–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ahsse.2020.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Argentinean pianist Miguel Angel Estrella was arrested in Montevideo during Operation Condor in December 1977. Accused of being a member of the Montoneros, a Peronist guerilla movement, he was tortured and held incommunicado before being transferred to Libertad, where political prisoners from Uruguay were assembled. Thanks to an intensive and international solidarity campaign, launched by his friends in Paris and led by classical music celebrities as well as diplomats, human rights activists, and a myriad of anonymous music-lovers, Estrella was released and expelled to France in February 1980. Drawing on archival materials from the Estrella support committee, diplomatic files, interviews, and recently declassified documents from the Uruguayan military court, this article retraces the construction of an exceptional “cause,” shedding new light on the relations between music and diplomacy during the Cold War. It examines the musician’s experience in prison, where he painfully managed to play Beethoven sonatas on a silent piano, as if mirroring the media’s portrayal of him as a Beethovian hero, a sort of modern Florestan. It also analyzes the connections between ethics and aesthetics, and the role of emotions in international political mobilizations.
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Corral, Hugo Rojas. "BIOPOLITICS AND HOMO SACER IN A TORTURE CENTER IN CHILE *". Revista Direito GV 11, n. 1 (giugno 2015): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-2432201511.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article explains how the concepts of Biopolitics and homo sacer contribute to the understanding of what happened in the Villa Grimaldi concentration camp and torture center during the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, in Chile. Prisoners were humiliated and tortured, losing their condition as subjects of law. The reification process of the prisoners by sadist guards and agents was added to the impossibility of the victims to legally defend themselves in front of tribunals. The archaic Roman law figure of homo saceris perfectly applicable to explain the situation of the persons kept in clandestine concentration camps as Villa Grimaldi. The notion of superstes tormentorum (survivor of tortures) is also presented here for further discussion in order to refer to the complex and often painful process in which the ‘victims-survivors-witnesses’ of the horror of Villa Grimaldi and other similar spaces try to reinsert in society.
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Milewski, Andrew, Eliana Weinstein, Jacob Lurie, Annabel Lee, Faten Taki, Tara Pilato, Caroline Jedlicka e Gunisha Kaur. "Reported Methods, Distributions, and Frequencies of Torture Globally". JAMA Network Open 6, n. 10 (3 ottobre 2023): e2336629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36629.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ImportanceDespite its prohibition by the United Nations Convention against Torture and other international treaties, torture has been perpetrated against countless individuals worldwide, and health care practitioners globally are increasingly encountering refugee torture survivors in their clinical practices. The methods, geographic distribution, and frequency of torture globally are not well described, which limits health care practitioners’ ability to adequately diagnose and treat the sequelae of torture.ObjectiveTo rank the commonness of torture methods and identify the regions of the world with which they are associated.Data SourcesFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 2021.Study SelectionIncluded studies were peer-reviewed articles in English, contained an independent sample population of individuals who experienced torture, and outlined the type(s) of torture experienced. Excluded studies were not peer reviewed, lacked an independent sample population, or did not specify torture methods. Articles were chosen for inclusion by 2 independent and blinded reviewers, and a third, independent reviewer resolved discrepancies. Overall, 266 articles—15.3% of the 1739 studies initially identified for full review—met the inclusion criteria.Data Extraction and SynthesisData abstraction and quality assessment followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data were extracted by 2 independent and blinded reviewers into predefined templates, and a third, independent reviewer resolved discrepancies. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Downs and Black Checklist.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTorture methods were ranked by their average frequencies, numbers of reporting studies, and numbers of countries wherein the methods occurred.ResultsA total of 9937 titles and abstracts were screened, and 266 studies encompassing 103 604 individuals (13 350 men, 5610 women, and 84 644 unspecified) were analyzed. Torture was reported for 105 countries; 21 methods accounted for 84% of all reported methods and 10 methods accounted for 78% of all physical tortures. The top 3 methods were beating or blunt-force trauma (reported in 208 studies and 59 countries; average frequency, 62.4%; 95% CI, 57.7%-67.1%), electrical torture (reported in 114 studies and 28 countries; average frequency, 17.2%; 95% CI, 15.0%-19.4%), and starvation or dehydration (reported in 65 studies in 26 countries; average frequency, 12.7%; 95% CI, 10.2%-15.2%). According to the Downs and Black appraisal tool, 50 studies were rated as good or excellent and 216 as fair or poor.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that torture remains widespread. Although innumerable torture methods exist, a limited number account for the vast majority of reported tortures. So that targeted therapies may be developed, additional investigation is needed to better elucidate the sequelae associated with the most common torture methods, described here.
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VERGATTI, Radu Ştefan. "A LITTLE-KNOWN DOCUMENT ON THE LIFE AND FORMATION OF TUDOR VLADIMIRESCU". Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on History and Archaeology 13, n. 1 (2021): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscihist.2021.1.15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This year, 2021, marks the 200th anniversary of the revolution led by Tudor Vladimirescu. It also commemorates two centuries since his assassination. To evoke the formation of Tudor Vladimirescu, I used a little-known document - the moral testament of the master (jupan) Gheorghe Duncea. The act is important because he knew the bailiff Tudor Vladimirescu throughout his life, from childhood to death. This document specified the year of Tudor's birth, the place of birth, the way he learned to read and write, his connection with Horia from Albac, the leader of the Transylvanian peasant uprising of 1784, the reception of the first small boyars ranks, his training as a soldier in the Russian army during the Russo-Turkish war between 1806-1812. Then the Russian generals appreciated him, and the tsar decorated him with the Order of St. Vladimir, gave him a ring and promoted him to the military rank of lieutenant (parucic). After the war, between June and December 1814 he went to Vienna to solve the affairs of the late Elenco Glogoveanu. Then he met the atmosphere of the capital of the Habsburg Empire. His main goal was to fight for the removal of the Greeks from the leadership of Wallachia and eventually Moldova. He arrived in Bucharest again in November 1820. Then he contacted the great boyars who ruled the country. The Greek hospodar of Wallachia Alexandru Suţu was old and ill. On January 15/27, 1821, Alexandru Suţu died. Three of the great boyars, members of the Filiki Eteria, Grigore Brâncoveanu, Ghica, Văcărescu, asked him to start the revolution in Oltenia. Tudor Vladimirescu had been trained for a long time. He left for the north of Oltenia and in four days he reached the great Tismana monastery. From there he summoned his paramilitary force, the Pandurs, and called the people to battle. This is where I must end my communication. There remains only one point that Gheorghe Duncea's will clarifies. He recorded what his nephew, his son-in-law, Captain Bosoancă, told him. He said that being disguised, he went to see what was happening to Tudor Vladimirescu. This is how he saw that Tudor Vladimirescu was seized by a group of the Eteria and taken to the outskirts of Târgoviște. There he was tortured and killed, his stomach was split with a javelin, then ripped out with a suction cup. In memory of the great hero of the Romanian people, a beautiful stone monument was erected on the field from Padeş after the project of the architect State Baloşin.
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Etkind, Alexander. "Alexey Navalny: A hero of the new time". New Perspectives 30, n. 1 (3 gennaio 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2336825x211065909.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Russian leaders first tried to poison him, then unlawfully imprisoned him, and now are publicly torturing him. His enemies see him as an illegitimate pretender to the Russian throne. His fans are captivated by his ability to survive assassinations and withstand torture. I was among those who nominated Alexey Navalny for the Nobel Peace Prize. Though he has not received it, this failure exposes meaningful though underappreciated truths about Russia and about the world. My story will leap back and forward between Navalny’s individual actions, the peculiarities of Putinism, and global issues of neoliberal governance.
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Pérez-Sales, Pau. "The future is here: Mind control and torture in the digital era". Torture Journal 32, n. 1-2 (13 giugno 2022): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.132846.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Torture, understood as a relationship of domination in which one person breaks the will and impedes the self-determination of another human being, taking control of all aspects of the victims’ life and trying to change the core elements of their identity to the perpetrator’s interests (Pérez-Sales, 2017), will increasingly come to be linked to new technologies, artificial intelligence, the use of media and internet, and to new forms of lethal and non-lethalweapons. The author reviews the implications of modern technology for the contemporary fight against torture and some of the emerging civil society initiatives that aim to face them.
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Pohlman, Annie, Susilo Wibisono, Mavourneen Casey, Catherine L. Pohlman e Winnifred R. Louis. "Patterns of New Order Torture: Initial Findings from the Indonesia Torture Mapping (IndoTorM) Dataset". Indonesia 117, n. 1 (aprile 2024): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ind.2024.a926786.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: During Indonesia’s “New Order” (1966–98), torture became systematic. Here we present the initial findings from the Indonesia Torture Mapping (IndoTorM) dataset project, which attempts to bring together various testimonial accounts to map the spread of torture during the regime. We present initial findings on physical, sexual, and mental torture. We show how particular forms of torture were more commonly used against men, women, or children and examine the stability of these patterns across regions and over time. We argue that the patterns of torture revealed show a high degree of consistency in how severe pain and suffering was inflicted on victims during the length of the New Order. Drawing on psychological insights into how groups normalize harmful acts, such consistency indicates that the regime’s torture was not random but, rather, that it was likely learned and reinforced normative behavior. It also highlights potential areas of inconsistency or contestation.
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Đozić, Adib. "Identity and shame – How it seems from Bosniaks perspective. A contribution to the understanding of some characteristics of the national consciousness among Bosniaks". Historijski pogledi 4, n. 5 (31 maggio 2021): 258–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2021.4.5.258.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The relationship between identity and national consciousness is one of the important issues, not only, of the sociology of identity but of the overall opinion of the social sciences. This scientific question has been insufficiently researched in the sociological thought of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with this paper we are trying to actualize it. Aware of theoretical-methodological and conceptual-logical difficulties related to the research problem, we considered that in the first part of the paper we make some theoretical-methodological notes on the problems in studying this phenomenon, in order to, above all, eliminate conceptual-logical dilemmas. The use of terms and their meaning in sociology and other social sciences is a very important theoretical and methodological issue. The question justifiably arises whether we can adequately name and explain some of the “character traits” of the contemporary national identity of the Bosniak nation that we want to talk about in this paper with classical, generally accepted terms, identity, consciousness, self-awareness, shame or shame, self-shame. Another important theoretical issue of the relationship between identity and consciousness in our case, the relationship between the national consciousness of Bosniaks and their overall socio-historical identity is the dialectical relationship between individual and collective consciousness, ie. the extent to which the national consciousness of an individual or a particular national group, political, cultural, educational, age, etc., is contrary to generally accepted national values and norms. One of the important factors of national consciousness is the culture of remembrance. What does it look like for Bosniaks? More specifically, in this paper we problematize the influence of “prejudicial historiography” on the development of the culture of memory in the direction of oblivion or memory. What to remember, and why to remember. Memory is part of our identity. The phrase, not to deal with the past but to turn to the future, is impossible. How to project the future and not analyze the past. On the basis of what, what social facts? Why the world remembers the crimes of the Nazis, why the memory of the Holocaust and the suffering of the Jews is being renewed. Which is why Bosniaks would not remember and renew the memory of the genocides committed against them. Due to the Bosniak memory of genocide, it is possible that the perpetrators of genocide are celebrated as national heroes and their atrocities as a national liberation struggle. Why is the history of literature and art, political history and all other histories studied in all nations and nations. Why don't European kingdoms give up their own, queens and kings, princesses and princes. These and other theoretical-methodological questions have served us to use comparative analysis to show specific forms of self-esteem among Bosniaks today. The concrete socio-historical examples we cite fully confirm our hypothesis. Here are a few of these examples. Our eastern neighbors invented their epic hero Marko Kraljevic (Ottoman vassal and soldier, killed as a “Turkish” soldier in the fight against Christian soldiers in Bulgaria) who killed the fictional Musa Kesedzija, invented victory on the field of Kosovo, and Bosniaks forgot the real Bosniak epic heroes , brothers Mujo and Halil Hrnjic, Tala od Orašac, Mustaj-beg Lički and others, who defended Bosniaks from persecution and ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian Krajina. Dozens of schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been named after the Serbian language reformer, the Serb Vuk Stefanović Karađić (1787-1864), who was born in the village of Tršić near Loznica, Republic of Serbia. Uskufije (1601 / 1602.-?), Born in Dobrinja near Tuzla. Two important guslars and narrators of epic folk songs, Filip Višnjić (1767-1834) and Avdo Medjedović (1875-1953), are unequally present in the memory and symbolic content of the national groups to which they belong, even if the difference in quality is on the side of the almost forgotten. Avdo Medjedovic, the “Balkan Homer”, is known at Harvard University, but very little is known in Bosnia and Herzegovina. And while we learned everything about the murderer Gavril Princip, enlightened by the “logic of an idea” (Hannah Arendt) symbolizing him as a “national hero”, we knew nothing, nor should we have known, about Muhamed Hadžijamaković, a Bosnian patriot and legal soldier, he did not kill a single pregnant woman , a fighter in the Bosnian Army who fought against the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878. When it comes to World War II and the fight against fascism are full of hero stories. For one example, we will take Srebrenica, the place of genocidal suffering of Bosniaks. Before the war against Bosnian society and the state 1992-1995. in Srebrenica, the elementary school was called Mihajlo Bjelakovic, a partisan, born in Vidrići near Sokolac. Died in Srebrenica in 1944. The high school in Srebrenica was named Midhat Hacam, a partisan born in the vicinity of Vares. It is not a problem that these two educational institutions were named after two anti-fascists, whose individual work is not known except that they died. None of them were from Srebrenica. That's not a problem either. Then what is it. In the collective memory of Bosniaks. Until recently, the name of the two Srebrenica benefactors and heroes who saved 3,500 Srebrenica Serbs from the Ustasha massacre in 1942, who were imprisoned by the Ustashas in the camp, has not been recorded. These are Ali (Jusuf) efendi Klančević (1888-1952) and his son Nazif Klančević (1910-1975). Nothing was said about them as anti-fascists, most likely that Alija eff. Klančević was an imam-hodža, his work is valued according to Andrić's “logic” as a work that cannot “be the subject of our work” In charity, humanitarian work, but also courage, sacrifice, direct participation in the fight for defense, the strongest Bosniaks do not lag behind Bosniaks, but just like Bosniaks, they are not symbolically represented in the public space of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We had the opportunity to learn about the partisan Marija Bursać and many others, but why the name Ifaket-hanuma Tuzlić-Salihagić (1908-1942), the daughter of Bakir-beg Tulić, was forgotten. In order to feed the muhadjers from eastern Bosnia, Ifaket-hanum, despite the warning not to go for food to Bosanska Dubica, she left. She bravely stood in front of the Ustashas who arrested her and took her to Jasenovac. She was tortured in the camp and eventually died in the greatest agony, watered and fried with hot oil. Nothing was known about that victim of Ustasha crimes. Is it because she is the daughter of Bakir-beg Tuzlić. Bey's children were not desirable in public as benefactors because they were “remnants of rotten feudalism”, belonging to the “sphere of another culture”. In this paper, we have mentioned other, concrete, examples of Bosniak monasticism, from the symbolic content of the entire public space to naming children.
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Pradhan, Alka. "Remarks by Alka Pradhan". Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 112 (2018): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
All right. Thank you to everybody and to my friends here for taking the very difficult position of the U.S. government, which I feel that we have lost several times over, including the very first time they tortured my client at the black sites.
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Yan, Chenxin, Jinchuan Li, Jingyang Peng e Shutong Huang. "The Judgment of Torture". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 5, n. 1 (17 maggio 2023): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/5/20220679.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Whether torture is justifiable or feasible is a long-lasting debate between consequentialists and deontologists which involves human morality and ethics. This essay evaluates the legitimacy and feasibility of torture, examining the reasoning behind both utilitarian and deontological approaches. The essay is based on a thought experiment: the ticking bomb scenario, in which a terrorist places a bomb that can kill the city's entire population, and the terrorist is captured by the police. The dilemma here is to determine whether we should torture the criminal to save the people in the city. Our discussion expands on Michael Moore's idea of threshold deontology, verifying the rationality of his reasoning. We conclude that torture is never morally justified, so it should be prohibited. However, defendants should have the justification of necessity.
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Bao, Zhongming, e Mindan Wei. "A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Mother-daughter Relationship in “I Stand Here Ironing”". Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, n. 2 (3 marzo 2016): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0702.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“I Stand Here Ironing” is recognized as one of Tillie Olsen’s most anthologized works. As a biographical short story extracted from the writer’s own experience as a single mother, with the first daughter Clara as the prototype for Emily in the story, it relates how a single mother parents her first child Emily in the turmoil of the Great Depression. It has attracted interests of many scholars to explore the feminist themes of motherhood among the working class or Jewish identity in woman literature. However, psychoanalysis is seldom employed to tap the inner being of Emily and her mother so as to examine the dynamics of mother-daughter relationship. This paper aims to analyze the defense mechanisms adopted by Emily and her mother to explore their unconscious, so that we can have a better understanding about the mother-daughter relationship. Both Emily and her mother resort to certain defense mechanisms to protect their tortured ego and escape from the family as well as the real world. Finally, they bravely confront the reality and fulfill a harmonious return.
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Bracken, Patrick, e Caroline Gorst-Unsworth. "The mental state of detained asylum seekers". Psychiatric Bulletin 15, n. 11 (novembre 1991): 657–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.11.657.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The persecution of civilians by the Iraqi forces in Kuwait and subsequent acts of revenge on the Palestinian population have caused widespread revulsion throughout the world. Stories of torture and rape have been described in the Western media and issues of human rights have gained considerable prominence of late. Perhaps now is a good time to examine how Britain responds to the needs of survivors of torture who seek asylum here.
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Feinberg, I., M. H. O’Connor, A. Owen-Smith e S. R. Dube. "Public health crisis in the refugee community: little change in social determinants of health preserve health disparities". Health Education Research 36, n. 2 (18 febbraio 2021): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Structural inequities and lack of resources put vulnerable refugee communities at great risk. Refugees flee their country of origin to escape persecution and flee from war, famine and torture. Resettled refugee communities become particularly vulnerable during times of crisis due to limited English proficiency and poor social determinants of health (SDOH), which create barriers to attaining and sustaining health and wellbeing for themselves and their families. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate SDOH among a refugee community in the Southeastern United States. We surveyed the community twice during a 1-year period to assess various elements of SDOH. Among a primarily African and Southeast Asian refugee community, 76% reported difficulty paying for food, housing and healthcare during the first round of surveys. During the second round of surveys at the beginning of the Coronavirus pandemic, 70% reported lost income; 58% indicated concern about paying bills. There was little change during the 12-month study period, showing that SDOH are an enduring measure of poor health and wellbeing for this vulnerable refugee community.
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LEVEY, GEOFFREY BRAHM. "Beyond Durkheim: A Comment on Steven Lukes's ‘Liberal Democratic Torture’". British Journal of Political Science 37, n. 3 (5 giugno 2007): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123407000294.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a recent article, Steven Lukes offers a thought-provoking reflection on the apparently growing resort to torture by liberal democracies today. Professor Lukes aptly asks whether ‘torture is just another case of dirty hands in politics?’ – that is, the idea that in order to do the right thing or achieve the best public outcome in the circumstances one cannot avoid committing a wrong, such as deceit or cruelty. His answer is that torture differs from other cases of dirty hands in that it cannot be made ‘liberal-democratically accountable’, thus raising the question of ‘how should it be addressed in liberal democracies?’ Here he suggests we can learn from the sociologist Emile Durkheim and, especially, his conception of modern societies as being held together by a ‘religion of individualism’. Allowing state officials to violate basic rights of the individual thus profanes against the religion and threatens the ‘moral disintegration’ of society itself. Lukes argues that Durkheim's account helps us see both the folly in ‘certain ways of thinking and talking about torture’, such as construing it as a ‘lesser evil’ given the competing claims of risk and security, and the damage that liberal democracies inflict on themselves, in responding to the threat of terrorism, by so readily compromising their own principles.There is much that is appealing in Professor Lukes's remarks. I also share his concern about the current erosion of civil liberties in liberal democracies. I wish, however, to raise some doubts about three key aspects of his argument: that torture is not susceptible to liberal-democratic accountability; that the ‘Durkheimian argument’ effectively precludes the practice of torture; and that we cannot rightly speak of torture as a ‘lesser evil’.
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Editorial Team. "Obituary". Torture Journal 31, n. 1 (11 maggio 2021): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v31i1.125723.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent months, during a year when organizations that provide services for survivors of torture faced new challenges during the global COVID-19 pandemic, some of the people who have been leading the anti-torture movement for years have passed. We would like to remember and pay tribute here to some of these figures. This list is by no means exhaustive. It is intended, through the names it contains, to serve as a tribute also to the many workers, survivors and friends who have left us.
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Bilgrien, Marie Vianney. "A Time to Mourn and a Time to Plant". Theology Today 53, n. 4 (gennaio 1997): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004057369705300413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
What we're planting here, only God knows how to make grow. —Grave digger's remark to Bishop Casaldáliga of Brazil as they buried yet another tortured, murdered compesino For we know that to this day the entire creation has been groaning and suffering agony together as if in childbirth. We also groan within ourselves as we await the redemption of our bodies. —Romans 8:22–23
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duBois, Page. "Response: On Torture, Slavery, and Resistance". Biblical Interpretation 25, n. 1 (17 febbraio 2017): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00251p07.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This response to the essays collected here considers questions of torture, slavery, and resistance. Building on the fruitful extension of earlier work on ancient Greek practices of the basanos, or “touchstone,” and on slavery in the ancient world and in antebellum America, the response takes account of the valuable and thought-provoking use of duBois’ work in the new contexts of early Christianity. The response also points to her recent work on the relationship of torture, crucifixion, slavery, forms of resistance, and the persistence, in new forms, of what Hellenists tend to call “polytheism”.
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Cakal, Ergün. "Perception, practice and proximity. Qualifying threats as psychological torture in international law." Torture Journal 31, n. 1 (11 maggio 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v31i1.118633.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Fear is a central dimension of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment (hereafter ‘other ill-treatment’), particularly as a part of verbal or non-verbal threats. Adjudicators and policy-makers have grappled, arguably at a greater depth than with other methods of psychological torture, with the circumstances in which fear-based methods amount to torture or other ill-treatment. The pursuit of non-coercive standards of police interrogation has further underscored the need to better distinguish the prohibited from the permitted. Upon this background, this article reviews the existing jurisprudential and social scientific literature in formulating a lens through which fear-inducing methods could be better functionally conceptualised. Method: This article has identified, through systematic full-text search of databases, texts with keywords ‘threat’, ‘fear’, ‘coercion’, ‘intimidation’, ‘distress’, ‘anguish’ and ‘psychological pressure’. The identified texts, limited to English-language journal articles, NGO reports, court-cases and UN documents from 1950 to date, were then selected for relevance pertaining to conceptual, evidentiary and legal critique provided therein. Discussion: Whilst it is broadly recognized that the deployment of fear to inflict violence can amount to torture, methods of threats or coercion are not adequately conceptualized particularly at the lower end, i.e. routine interrogational torture. Here, principles pertaining to the legitimate use of force and minimum level of severity are used as functional guidelines to distinguish the prohibited from the permitted. The power, practice and proximity of state authorities to harm necessarily qualify threats as real, immediate and credible and therefore torturous.
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Franchi, Roberta. "Dal racconto storico-agiografico alla riscrittura poetica". Augustinianum 60, n. 2 (2020): 399–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/agstm202060222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Peristephanon X, a hymn on the martyrdom of St. Romanus of Antioch, may be considered the masterpiece of Prudentius’ poetry on the Christian martyrs. Romanus is represented as a Christian hero. As a rhetor, he defends his faith against paganism as if he were a lawyer; as a martyr, he follows Christ’s example in accepting torture and death. Prudentius’ poetry aims to stimulate and revivify the Christian belief of his audience.
23
Colangelo, Jeremy. "A Private Honesty: Torture and Interiority in the Theatre of Sarah Kane". New Theatre Quarterly 38, n. 4 (18 ottobre 2022): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x22000276.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article analyzes the role of pain and torture in the construction and destruction of subjectivity by way of a comparison of the depictions of torture in the theatre of Sarah Kane and Elaine’s Scarry’s highly influential The Body in Pain: On the Making and Unmaking of the World. The essay uses Kane in conjunction with the phenomenology of Emmanuel Levinas, as well as relevant work on the history and sociology of privacy and private speech. Its purpose is to develop an account of what is here called pain’s bi-directional character, or its capacity to represent both the presence and the absence of the victim’s subjectivity, possibly at the same time. Using Kane to expand upon Scarry’s account of the role of subjectivity in torture, we can see how the logic of torture structures numerous relationships in Kane’s work, including Blasted, Phaedra’s Love, Cleansed, and Crave. The essay establishes Kane as not only a major playwright, but also a subtle and perceptive theorist of suffering for whom the question of intersubjectivity is a major site of dramatic struggle. Jeremy Colangelo is the author of Diaphanous Bodies: Ability, Disability, and Modernist Irish Literature (University of Michigan Press, 2021) and the editor of Joyce Writing Disability (University Press of Florida, 2022). His work has appeared in such journals as Modern Fiction Studies, Journal of Modern Literature, Textual Practice, and Modern Drama. He currently teaches at King’s University College, University of Western Ontario.
24
Eisenman, Russell. "Using Humor in Psychotherapy with a Sex Offender". Psychological Reports 71, n. 3 (dicembre 1992): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3.1089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Humor was used during psychotherapy with a 22-year-old child molester. The humor appeared to help establish rapport and led to his admission of desires to rape and torture adult women. Here exchange of humor seemed to be a helpful adjunct to psychotherapy.
25
PAVLOVIČOVÁ, Kristína. "FROM PAIN TO DELIGHT IN THE LEGEND ABOUT ST. ELIZABETH (COMPLEMENTARITY AND CONTRAST)". Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum), ezs.swu.v21i3 (30 ottobre 2023): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In addition to the motif of sexual abstinence and virginity, the dominant motif in Latin medieval legends is self-torture as an expression of an escape from the world and the suppression of corporeality. The narrator metatextually combines biblical quotations, or allusions with events from the saint’s life. In the description of their actions, a complementary updating addition to the biblical model of behavior is created. In the legend of St. Elizabeth, the saint consciously sets herself apart from the commonly expected attitudes with her reactions: she finds pleasure in humiliation and whipping, because from a moral point of view she considers the “punishments” to be deserved and likening her to Christ. Self-torture as a theme achieves here the depiction of sexual pleasure. The causes and objectives of self-torture have several interpretative variations that are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Hagiographic self-torture for religious reasons may thus appear as a phenomenon of sexual preferences. The author of the legend does not intentionally express the erotic and sexual preferences of the main character Elizabeth as a passive sufferer of pain, nor the character of master Conrad as an active executioner of punishments. Relevant events are described in the language of that time, which did not contain the means to name the sexual practices known in the culture of today. However, the author offers suggestions into the text, on the basis of which the presence of sexuality based on inversion, in which pain is transformed into pleasure, can be implied.
26
Ley, Clemens, María Rato Barrio e Andreas Koch. "“In the Sport I Am Here”: Therapeutic Processes and Health Effects of Sport and Exercise on PTSD". Qualitative Health Research 28, n. 3 (3 dicembre 2017): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732317744533.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Current evidence suggests positive effects of exercise on posttraumatic stress symptoms; however, knowledge about how these effects are achieved is limited. Thus, this study aims to contribute to a more holistic understanding of these effects. We performed a single case study of a war and torture survivor, who was diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and who was participant of the sport and exercise therapy program Movi Kune. Participant observation was conducted as well as semi-structured interviews with the participant and his psychotherapist. Data analysis resulted in the proposal of different processes: The focus on bodily sensations related to an exposure effect, contributing to improvements in body awareness, coping behavior, and affect regulation, whereas the focus on playing related to an improved performance, presence, enjoyment, and mastery experiences, pointing toward distraction and motivational-restorative effects. The findings also advice to be cautious as participants may be exposed to negative sensations and trauma-related triggers.
27
Linnemann, Travis, e Corina Medley. "Black sites, “dark sides”: War power, police power, and the violence of the (un)known". Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, n. 2 (31 maggio 2018): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659018777779.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The US Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture and the Guardian’s exposé of the Chicago Police Department’s “off-the-books interrogation compound” at Homan Square have again thrust torture into debates concerning the nature and limits of state and police violence. Following a longstanding pattern, key actors framed both cases as revelatory and exceptional and used them as fodder for public condemnation and calls for reform. In order to confront and contest similar patterns of facile outrage, we theorize a cultural-cognitive process of disavowal, whereby the inherent violence of the US state is willfully situated by its subjects in politically and culturally redacted black spaces. Here, black spaces allow political subjects to disavow the many horrors—rendition, torture, murder—committed on their behalf and in the name of security. We argue that these are not simply metaphorical, imaginary spaces, but rather material landscapes linking the certainties of US imperial violence to routine and uncontested acts of police violence and the interrogation rooms, jail cells, and prisons of an intensely racialized, yet largely disowned mass-carceral regime. Our aim, then, is to map the state’s black spaces in order to demonstrate the reciprocities between war and police and to situate the politics of redaction within broader systems of violence and dispossession.
28
Vidal, Yosa. "El cuerpo, la traición y el asco: Estrategias cinematográficas en La flaca Alejandra, vidas y muertes de una mujer chilena de Carmen Castillo (1994)". Studies in Spanish & Latin American Cinemas 19, n. 2 (1 giugno 2022): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/slac_00081_1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article analyses the cinematographic strategies in Carmen Castillo’s documentary La flaca Alejandra, vida y muertes de una mujer chilena (‘Skinny Alejandra, life and death of a Chilean woman’) (1994) that represent the experience of betrayal, including forked narration and temporal simultaneity through spectral figures. The reading proposes that the documentary, while erasing binaries and attempting an ‘ethical neutrality’, subjects the brutal particularities of torture and sexual violence to moral judgements that perpetuate a dualistic vision of the hero and the traitor.
29
Rutherford, Susan. "From Byron'sThe Corsairto Verdi'sIl corsaro: Poetry Made Music". Nineteenth-Century Music Review 7, n. 2 (novembre 2010): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409800003608.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At the crux of Byron's epic poemThe Corsairlies a moral dilemma for its imprisoned hero, Conrad. Should he kill his sleeping enemy, Seyd, and thus evade impending torture and execution the next morning? Or should he accept death as the just recompense for his crimes? His decision is swift. He resolutely refuses the path of the ‘secret knife’; in contrast, Seyd's favorite slave and concubine, Gulnare, declares her readiness to do the deed instead. When Conrad, pursuing her through the winding passages of the high tower, sees her again, he at first thinks that her ‘softening heart’ had spared Seyd's life.
30
Kutz, Christopher. "How Norms Die: Torture and Assassination in American Security Policy". Ethics & International Affairs 28, n. 4 (2014): 425–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679414000598.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A large and impressive literature has arisen over the past fifteen years concerning the emergence, transfer, and sustenance of political norms in international life. The presumption of this literature has been, for the most part, that the winds of normative change blow in a progressive direction, toward greater or more stringent normative control of individual or state behavior. Constructivist accounts detail a spiral of mutual normative reinforcement as actors and institutions discover the advantages of normative self- and other evaluation. There is also now much interesting research focused on the question of how to predict the emergence of future norms.I focus, however, on a different issue here: the death of norms that had once seemed well internalized and institutionalized. The issue arises in relation to one of the most dramatic features in the defense policy of the United States since 2001: the crumbling of highly restrictive normative regimes prohibiting interrogatory torture and assassination as part of the “global war on terror.” My aim here is to sketch what I take to be the central features of cases in which even norms that are clearly defined and apparently well internalized in a democracy nonetheless lose their grip on policy. The ultimate lesson, however, is an unappealing irony: While democracies surely do better than authoritarian regimes in adopting and internalizing certain kinds of constraints, in part because of a greater sensitivity to public mobilization around normative questions, that same sensitivity makes the long-term survival of these norms precarious. In particular, I suggest that force-constraining norms are most effectively internalized by coherent and relatively insulated professional cadres who see themselves as needing to act consistently over time. But in a democracy the values and arguments of those cadres are susceptible to being undermined by a combination of public panic and the invocation by policymakers of a public interest that can override the claims both of law and pragmatic restraint. Democracy, hence, can be at the same time both fertile and toxic: fertile as a source of humanitarian values and institutions, but toxic to the very institutions it cultivates.The model I will describe may be of predictive use in helping us to see the special vulnerability of normative orders in democracies. But my hope is that it is also constructive in showing us how states and institutions committed to maintaining a certain normative order, especially democratic states, might best try to entrench those norms. While my argument is conceptual and philosophical, it draws on this recent history. I also add two qualifications to this article's title. First, I am not addressingallnorms, but specific norms concerning the state use of force in national security policy. I therefore do not make claims about the generalizability of the conflict I describe to other norms, for example, norms of racial, sexual, or religious orthodoxy or hierarchy, or norms of reciprocal interaction. Second, reports of a norm's death are frequently exaggerated, since norms can be latent, then resurrected. Arguably, the anti-torture norm was resuscitated by President Obama in 2009 when, as one of his first official acts as chief executive, he moved to prohibit cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment of detainees. I write here about the path of decay, whether or not that path is unidirectional, and why previously salient norms no longer seem to govern policy choice among political decision-makers.
31
McSorley, Kevin. "Predatory War, Drones and Torture: Remapping the Body in Pain". Body & Society 25, n. 3 (4 gennaio 2019): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x18822085.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Elaine Scarry argues in The Body in Pain that war is a vast and reciprocal swearing on the body, with corporeality key not only to its brutal prosecution but also to the eventual ending of the political ‘crisis of substantiation’ that war entails. However, her work has not been extensively explored with reference to significant transformations in the embodied experiences of contemporary warfare. This article thus analyses a particular articulation of late modern warfare that I term predatory war, whose current signature motif is the drone strike, through the lens of Scarry’s work. Here, the associated modes of embodiment are radically non-reciprocal, the woundscapes of conflict are profoundly asymmetric, and the affective mediation of bodily injury does not substantiate any ending to the conflict. As such, I argue that the ontology and phenomenology of predatory war increasingly resembles what Scarry identifies as the underlying structure of torture.
32
ROSENFIELD, LUIS. "Terrorism, torture and human rights: reflections from “The prisoner”, Erico Veríssimo". Revista Jurídica de Investigación e Innovación Educativa (REJIE Nueva Época), n. 7 (1 gennaio 2013): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/rejie.2013.v0i7.7760.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of the present study is to open an interdisciplinary debate on human rights using the novel “O Prisioneiro”, by Brazilian author Erico Veríssimo (1905-1975), as a bottom line. Knowing that literature represents a useful tool to analyse problematic, which are related to legal issues, this work is oriented towards the tradition of the Law and Literature Movement. Firstly, it is operated a comparative study between the ideas of Günther Jakobs and Luigi Ferrajoli over human rights and, also, over the concept of enemy in criminal law defended by Jakobs. Lastly, it has examined the recent German and Brazilian laws on air security and the implications those new legislations bring to the matter of protection of human rights. In synthesis, the central questions here explored deal with the relation between terrorism and torture on a democratic system.
33
de Plaza de Mayo, Madres. "No truth, no justice". Index on Censorship 25, n. 5 (settembre 1996): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209602500524.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Just a few blocks from the Buenos Aires' Congress building, where the street narrows again, the Madres de Plaza de Mayo have their office. Tourists pass by without noticing the building with its small brass plaque reading ‘House of the Mothers’. Every day the Mothers meet here to continue their 20-year struggle, begun during the military dictatorship (1976-1983), to establish exactly what happened to their disappeared sons and daughters and to demand retribution against those who imprisoned, tortured and killed their children. July this year marked their 1,000th meeting. There are also the Grandmothers, women who lost not only a daughter or son, but also their children's children. Some of these were separated from their mothers and killed, others were given for adoption and, to this day, have no idea of their real parents. Ingo Malcher talked to them for Index
34
Meisel, Martin. "Darkness: Joseph Conrad and Harriet Beecher Stowe". Yearbook of Conrad Studies 15 (2023): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843941yc.20.001.19284.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article focusses on a multi-aspect comparative analysis of J. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Taking into account the obvious differences between the works, the author analyses the hell of slavery and exploitation of Africa by the colonial states that built systems that created criminals such as Kurtz and Legree. The author presents the genealogy of Conrad’s image of tortured Africa, the prefiguration of which is found in Polish romantic messianism. The article also presents a similar reception of both works. First, they gained recognition, then in the postwar period, they were criticized for the forms of racism hidden in them, and finally, in recent decades, they have been rehabilitated by new readings. The perspective presented here shows how women’s popular prose covertly influenced Conrad’s intertextual tendency, both his poetics and the worldview of his prose.
35
Berkson, Sarah Y., Richard Mollica, Svang Tor, James Lavelle e Carol Cosenza. "An Innovative Model of Culturally Tailored Health Promotion Groups for Cambodian Survivors of Torture". Torture Journal 24, n. 1 (8 ottobre 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v24i1.109698.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cambodians living in the U.S.A. suffer from depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic medical disease at rates far in excess of national averages. The Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma’s Cambodian Health Promotion Program seeks to address this burden of disease by offering them culturally tailored health education in a group setting.
A health professional and a bicultural health educator co-facilitated a five-session health promotion group for Cambodian survivors of torture from 2007 to 2011. The program covered five major topics from Western and Cambodian worldviews. They included the meaning of health promotion, nutrition, exercise, stress management and sleep hygiene, and health practitioner-patient communication. The bicultural worker administered Pre and Post semi-structured Health Promotion Questionnaires. The data presented here are the results from 126 participants.
Changes between the Pre and Post health promotion groups demonstrated significant improvements in health status, lifestyle activities, sleep, and depression. Participants revealed greater confidence in communicating with their primary health care practitioner.
Culturally tailored Cambodian health promotion education administered in a small group setting may improve health and mental health behaviors.
Culturally tailored health promotion education in a small group setting may promote healing in survivors of torture. It is an intervention worthy of further research and development.
36
Zaghrout-Hodali, Mona. "Humanitarian Work Using EMDR in Palestine and the Arab World". Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 8, n. 4 (2014): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.8.4.248.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Humanitarian outreach is a significant part of the practice of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. The development of training in Arabic and provision of EMDR in areas of ongoing conflict including Palestine, Libya, Syria, and Iraq is described, and brief accounts of clients and therapists illustrate the help that EMDR has brought to survivors of conflict, imprisonment, and torture. Three clients, each with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, are briefly presented here: one from a refugee camp in Palestine, one from a Syrian refugee camp in Jordan, and the other from a war zone in Libya.
37
Ben-Shai, Roy. "The Fifth Antinomy: A Reading of Torture for a Post-Kantian Moral Philosophy". Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 24, n. 3 (24 febbraio 2017): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2016.785.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"Where is it decreed that enlightenment must be free of emotion? To me, the opposite seems to be true. Enlightenment can properly fulfill its task only if it sets to work with passion." - Améry, At the Mind's LimitsThis statement, which concludes the preface to the 1977 reissue of At the Mind’s Limits, conveys the philosophical ambition of the book: to advance the enlightenment project, while revising the way we understand this project. The idea, rejected here by Améry, that the enlightenment “must be free of emotion” owes most to its foremost proponent, Immanuel Kant. This paper picks up on this implicit allusion to Kant, and elaborates on Améry’s revision of the enlightenment by making the confrontation between them explicit.
38
Classen, Albrecht. "John H. Arnold, What is Medieval History? What is History? series. Cambridge and Medford, MA: Polity Press, 2021, 2nd rev. and updated ed. (orig. 2008), xvii, 178 pp., 4 b/w ill., 3 maps." Mediaevistik 34, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2021.01.17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Anyone who wants to embark on the study of medieval history can be safely advised to consult this excellent, already revised and updated introduction by John H. Arnold. Here, a true expert is addressing many of the crucial issues that determine our approach to history at large and medieval history in particular. The introductory section might be a little confusing, though, addressing a unique case of torture in the early fourteenth century, but soon, we find ourselves in a wide-ranging discussion on what the Middle Ages actually meant, how it gained a hermeneutic identity, and how we should approach it today in a critical, academic fashion.
39
Cockburn, David. "Capital Punishment and Realism". Philosophy 66, n. 256 (aprile 1991): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100053055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In its treatment of capital punishment Amnesty International gives a central place to the suffering of the prisoner. Two quite distinct forms of suffering are relevant here. There is the psychological anguish of the person awaiting execution; and there is the physical suffering which may be involved in the execution itself. It is suggested that if we reflect clearly on this suffering we will conclude that the death penalty involves cruelty of a kind which makes it quite unacceptable. It is to be condemned on the same ground as torture is to be condemned: on the ground, that is, that it involves the infliction of an unacceptable degree of suffering.
40
Matarazzo, Joseph D. "The American Psychological Association’s Hoffman report allegations of my association with the “CIA torture” program". Health Psychology Open 5, n. 2 (luglio 2018): 205510291879823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102918798235.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Until now, I have not responded to the undocumented and untrue portrayal of me in the Hoffman report, or the newspaper and email accounts of my alleged role in “torture.” I have waited several years because I believed that the American Psychological Association leadership would completely disavow the Hoffman report and find a way to restore my reputation as well as that of the other former American Psychological Association presidents and the small number of its senior staff who were also falsely accused. Although this has not yet happened, I remain optimistic that it will. Here I present the facts as they relate to me.
41
Sedankina, T. E. "Schitish ritual practices in the theological-psychological context (on the example of Shah’s-Vakh’s Ritual)". Minbar. Islamic Studies 12, n. 2 (8 luglio 2019): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2019-12-2-559-570.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article offers an analysis of the Shiite ritual self-torture (Ashura or Shahsey-Wahsey) as seen in a psycho-emotional way. In the first instance, the author offers an analysis of the Ashura ritual itself, the attitude of the Sunnis towards it, as well as a special kind of performance, which grew out of it. The author also gives an interpretation of the ritual of self-torture as a psychological phenomenon and discusses possible reasons for irrational behavior of its participants and spectators. As a result, it was revealed that the basis of the irrational behavior of both the participants and the spectators of the ritual is the emergence of affective (emotional) empathy. It should also be noted that in course of the analysis of the psychological state of three categories of people (those who are deeply aware of the meaning of ritual acts, those who perform the ritual and the spectators) was discovered a manifestation of the two-level empathy, i.e. 1) the empathy in its literal sense, when its object is placed directly in front of the empath as in the case of witnesses of a ritual procession; 2) the empathy of a different kind, which is called here as the “empathy of a deep religious world perception”. This is a kind of empathy when the object of empathy is located in the depths of the world perception from the religious point of view.
42
Hart, Jonathan Locke. "Violence and Movement: Conflict, Genocide and the Darker Side of ‘Travel’". Interlitteraria 26, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2021): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2021.26.2.8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: Travel is often thought to be an adventure, an exploration, a way of knowing self and world, a break from the stresses of everyday life, a vacation. But there can be a dark side to travel, as in voyages that are part of invasion, conflict and enforced transport. Here, I wish to concentrate on conflict, domination, murder and genocide and do so, at various moments, by referring to the Norse sagas, including the encounter with the Skrælings in the New World and, more briefly, Columbus’ and the Spaniards’ violent treatment of the Natives in the New World and the German transport, torture and murder of Jews in the Shoah, or Holocaust.
43
Adhikari, Jib Narayan. "Effect of Divorce in Family Life". Kaladarpan कलादर्पण 4, n. 1 (21 febbraio 2024): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kaladarpan.v4i1.62869.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present research is undertaken for investigating the effect of divorce in family life especially on child. For the fulfillment of the objective, the national and international articles, book and journals were reviewed. For this secondary literatures were used. Study show that divorce is always a complex matter in Nepal. Here, marriage is considered a sacred bond and divorce is considered an evil act, however, the divorce rate is increasing. The research has revealed that the circumstances of children after their parent's divorce gets troubled, disturbed and challenged, they are subjected to mental torture, have problems with their education and childcare. It may arise due to the absence of parents. So divorce can be a major factor of concern.
44
Ruta, Suzanne. "A Life of Resistance: Ethnographer and Concentration Camp Survivor Germaine Tillion Is Little Known in the US but a Hero in France for Her Lifelong Opposition to Violence and Torture". Women's Review of Books 21, n. 12 (settembre 2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4024487.
Testo completo
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Walker, T. W. ""A Torture Machine": The Violent Story of Slavery and the Beginning of American Capitalism". Monthly Review 67, n. 6 (7 novembre 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-06-2015-10_7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<div class="bookreview">Edward E. Baptist, <em>The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism </em>(New York: Basic Books, 2014), 528 pages, $35, hardcover.</div>For an estimated hundreds of thousands of people, including some 60,000 workers who had served notice to their bosses, April 15, 2015, was strike day—reportedly the largest mobilization of low-wage workers since May Day of 1886, when a half million workers and their families (10 percent of the population at the time) struck for the eight-hour work day. Hundreds of us from here in Tennessee joined fast food workers, adjuncts, and home and child-care workers in the morning for strike actions, and many of us boarded buses to St. Louis and Ferguson, Missouri, for a Black Lives Matter protest that brought together strikers and supporters from all across the region. It was an intense and exact showcase of the irrevocable knot of violent and permanent racism in this country, and its broadening (and racialized) wealth and income gap and the deepening, permanent poverty of working-class life.… There is no legitimate history of this nation's past and present that can deny the twin realities of extreme economic exploitation of people of color, especially African Americans, and the incredible violence perpetrated against them. Edward Baptist's <em>The Half Has Never Been Told</em> draws these two realities together in his contribution to the new set of histories of U.S. capitalism, slavery, and cotton, which include Sven Beckert's <em>Empire of Cotton</em> and Walter Johnson's <em>River of Dark Dreams</em>.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-6" title="Vol. 67, No. 6: November 2015" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>
46
Von Lieven, Alexandra. "WISSEN, WAS DIE WELT IM INNERSTEN ZUSAMMENHÄLT ODER FAUST IN ÄGYPTEN?" Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 2, n. 1 (2002): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921202762733897.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn the Coptic Martyrdom of St. Shenoufe and his Brethren there is an insertion of a short episode relating the faustic search for knowledge of a Pagan priest from Hermopolis. Being in danger of being tortured by demons the priest invoces Jesus Christ and is thus saved. In this paper the Coptic story is compared with religious and literary texts from the Pagan Egyptian tradition. Pagan Egyptian culture is usually regarded as encouraging the human pursuit of knowledge of the superhuman. Here to the contrary, it is argued that there are two different positions in the traditional literature: one advocates human endeavor to seek divine knowledge while the other is critical about just that endeavor. The divide between those two viewpoints coincides with the divide beetween religious texts and secular literature. Thus the Coptic episode can be demonstrated to stand in the tradition of Pagan Egyptian stories about magicians and their adventures. Though in its present form it clearly has a missionary intention, the story itself as well as its 'anti-faustian' tendency need not be a Christian invention.
47
Blaauw-Wolf, Loammi. "The Hamburg Terror Trials – American Political Poker and German Legal Procedure: An Unlikely Combination to Fight International Terrorism". German Law Journal 5, n. 7 (1 luglio 2004): 791–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012864.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent German court decisions in the cases of Mzoudi and Motassadeq illustrate the dilemma of dealing with international terrorism in legal terms when politicians and intelligence services believe themselves to be above or beyond the law. These cases have already been discussed in a special edition of the German Law Journal. The focus in this article is to contextualise the outcome of these cases in the “war on terror” and to analyse legal retribution, vengeance and torture on a scale of possible ways to address mass violence. The escalation of Islamist fundamentalism has the potential to rock Western democracies in their very foundations. Counter terrorism-measures in stepping up security legislation is not dealt with as such here, neither is this a fully-fledged discussion of the law of peacekeeping and armed conflict with reference to “new terrorism”. The aim here is much more modest. It is a search for truth and ways out of a dead-lock.
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James, Sule Ameh. "CRITICAL DISCOURSE OF AFRICAN VERNACULAR ROOTED IMAGERIES IN PITIKA NTULI’S SCULPTURES". ARTis ON, n. 9 (26 dicembre 2019): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37935/aion.v0i9.246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My paper presents a critical discourse on African vernacular rooted imageries in the contemporary sculptures of Ntuli, the ideas they convey to viewers and how Africanness is indicated in each depiction produced between 2007 and 2016. I read Ntuli’s contemporary sculptures as African vernacular rooted because he appropriates in them cultural imageries from engagement with African contexts. Five images of his sculptures and installations were purposively selected for thematic and visual analysis. I adopt visual hermeneutics theory, formal analysis and cultural history methods for the reading of each work. The narrative reveals that Ntuli’s vernacular imageries reflects black South African men and a woman rooted in past and present socio-political events in South Africa. The thematic interpretations of the imageries reveal ideas on massacre not merely during apartheid but in post-apartheid South Africa, torture of victims detained without trial, anti-racialism and reflection on a historical hero from Zulu culture.
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López Martín, Sara. "Ethical criteria when a (potential) perpetrator asks a human rights organization to defend their case based on the forensic documentation of alleged torture. How shall we proceed?" Torture Journal 30, n. 2 (9 novembre 2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v30i2.119718.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective
Discuss the ethical dilemma of perpetrators requesting clinical evaluations intended to prove persecution or torture. The discussion is organized around three real cases.
Method
We present three cases of plausible perpetra- tors, partially amended to protect anonymity. The paper presents a review of the complex ethical challenges that the dilemma poses.
A multidisciplinary panel of doctors, psychologists and lawyers had a similar discussion and agreed on three criteria presented here for contrast with the broader community of researchers and practitioners. The paper is not in itself a legal or ethical academic review, instead, it establishes the main terms of debate, demonstrates the lack of literature that debates it and reflects an initial consensus between forensic workers in an independent human rights organization.
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O’Mara, Shane. "On the Imposition of Torture, an Extreme Stressor State, to Extract Information From Memory". Zeitschrift für Psychologie 219, n. 3 (gennaio 2011): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000063.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is a widespread and popularly-held belief that the imposition of extreme stressor states (torture) is efficacious at facilitating the release of intentionally-withheld information from (human) memory. Here, I explore why this belief is so widespread. I examine the folk model of the brain and behavior that underpins this belief, and show that this folk model is utterly inconsistent with what we currently know about the effects of extreme stressor states on the brain systems that support memory and executive function. Scientific evidence on how repeated and extreme stress and pain affect memory and executive functions (such as planning or forming intentions) suggests that subjecting individuals to such states is unlikely to do anything other than the opposite of what is intended by coercive or “enhanced” interrogation. Coercive interrogations involving imposition of extreme stressor states are unlikely to facilitate the release of veridical information from long-term memory, given our current cognitive neurobiological knowledge. On the contrary, these techniques cause severe, repeated, and prolonged stress, which compromises brain tissue supporting memory and executive function. The fact that the detrimental effects of these techniques on the brain are not visible to the naked eye makes them no less real.