Tesi: "Tone" – Grafiati

1

Zhang, Zheng-sheng. "Tone and tone sandhi in Chinese". online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1988. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?8907344.

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2

Pham, Hoa T. "Vietnamese tone, tone is not pitch". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63689.pdf.

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3

Hartmann, Katharina. "Focus and Tone". Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1972/.

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Abstract (sommario):

Tone is a distinctive feature of the lexemes in tone languages. The information-structural category focus is usually marked by syntactic and morphological means in these languages, but sometimes also by intonation strategies. In intonation languages, focus is marked by pitch movements, which are also perceived as tone. The present article discusses prosodic focus marking in these two language types.

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4

Banterle, Francesco. "Inverse tone mapping". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55447/.

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The introduction of High Dynamic Range Imaging in computer graphics has produced a novelty in Imaging that can be compared to the introduction of colour photography or even more. Light can now be captured, stored, processed, and finally visualised without losing information. Moreover, new applications that can exploit physical values of the light have been introduced such as re-lighting of synthetic/real objects, or enhanced visualisation of scenes. However, these new processing and visualisation techniques cannot be applied to movies and pictures that have been produced by photography and cinematography in more than one hundred years. This thesis introduces a general framework for expanding legacy content into High Dynamic Range content. The expansion is achieved avoiding artefacts, producing images suitable for visualisation and re-lighting of synthetic/real objects. Moreover, it is presented a methodology based on psychophysical experiments and computational metrics to measure performances of expansion algorithms. Finally, a compression scheme, inspired by the framework, for High Dynamic Range Textures, is proposed and evaluated.

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5

Chan, Lee Lee L. "Fuzhou Tone Sandhi /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935444.

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6

Emonts, Michael William. "Memory-based Tone Recognition of Cantonese Syllables". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/60.

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Speech recognition has only recently been applied to Cantonese. Considerable effort, however, has been spent in recognizing Mandarin, the standard dialect of Chinese. Prior to this thesis, the only published work on monosyllabic Cantonese tone recognition is from Tan Lee et al. (1993,1995). This thesis is the first of its kind in that it explores memory-based learning as a viable approach for Cantonese tone recognition. The memory-based learning algorithm employed in this thesis outperforms the highly respected and widely used neural network approach. Various numbers of tones and features are modeled to find the best method for feature selection and extraction. To further optimize this approach, experiments are performed to isolate the best feature weighting method, best class voting weights method, and the best number of k-values to implement. A detailed error analysis is also reported. This thesis will prove valuable as a future reference for memory-based learning in application to more complex tasks such as continuous speech tone recognition.

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7

Karlsson, Christoffer, e Lukas Schachtschabel. "Legible Tone Mapping : An evaluation of text processed by tone mapping operators". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12748.

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Context. Tone mapping operators (TMO) are designed to reduce the dynamicrange of high dynamic range images so that they can be presented onstandard dynamic range display devices. Many operators focus on creatingperceptually similar images. Objectives. This thesis aims to investigate how dierent TMOs reproducephotographed text. The underlying reason being to test the contrast reproductionof each TMO. Methods. An experiment has been performed in order to investigate thelegibility of photographed and tone mapped text. A user study was conducted,in which 18 respondents partook, where respondents were to ratehow much of the text in each photograph that they found to be legible. Results. Due to low participation, the results of the experiment are mostlyinconclusive. However, some tendencies have been observed and analyzedand they fall in line with previous work within the area. Conclusions. The main conclusion that can be drawn from the results isthat the TMO presented by Kuang [11] is rated as better than the TMOsby Fattal [7] and Kim and Kautz [10].

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8

D'Oyley, Heather M. "Vasodilators and venous tone". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27871.

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The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of various membrane receptor-mediated and receptor-independent vasodilators on the resistance and capacitance vessels of conscious, unrestrained rats by measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), an index of total body venous tone. ln the first set of experiments the dose-response effects of the directly-acting vasodilators nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine were determined in intact rats as well as in rats treated with the ganglionic blocker, hexamethonium. The effects of these drugs were compared with those of the vehicle, normal saline, in control rats. In intact rats, iv infusion of nitroglycerin did not alter MAP while iv infusions of nitroprusside and hydralazine caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP. In intact rats, nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside did. not affect MCFP while hydralazine increased MCFP. After treatment with hexamethonium all three drugs decreased MCFP, though the decreases in MCFP caused by hydralazine were not significantly different from the corresponding changes in saline-treated rats. Therefore, sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine but not nitroglycerin were effective arteriolar dilators in intact rats; all three drugs dilated arterioles in ganglionic-blocked rats, ln intact rats, the direct venodilator actions of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were masked by endogenous sympathetic tone. When sympathetic nerve activity was attenuated, both drugs had venodilatory effects. Hydralazine, on the other hand, hao insignificant venodilatory effects both in the presence and absence of the sympathetic reflexes. In the second set of experiments we determined the dose-response effects of hexamethonium, phentolamine, prazosin and rauwolscine — the latter being non-selective ⍺, ⍺₁-selective, and ⍺₂-selective adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively — in intact rats. Prazosin and rauwolscine were also administered to rats with reflexly increased venous tone induced by the infusion of hydralazine. In intact rats iv infusions of prazosin, phentolamine and rauwolscine all caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP; only rauwolscine reduced MCFP to levels slightly below control. Hexamethonium caused a aecrease in MAP as well as a markea reduction in MCFP. After venous tone was raised by the infusion of hydralazine, both prazosin and rauwolscine dose-dependently decreased MCFP. Therefore, the resistance and capacitance vessels contain both ⍺₁- and ⍺₂-adrenoceptors. in the intact rat, however, the capacitance vessels are somewhat resistant to the effects of postjunctionally acting ⍺-antagonists in contrast to the effects of hexamethonium which acts at the level of the ganglion.
Medicine, Faculty of
Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of
Graduate

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9

Bao, Zhiming. "The structure of tone /". New York [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 1999. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0602/99019275-d.html.

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10

Ighoroje, Ahbor Dolly Awani. "pH and vascular tone". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293493.

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11

Vančura, Jan. "Tone-mapping HDR obrazů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237159.

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This thesis concerns with the introduction to the problematics of images with high dynamic range (HDR) and possibilities of HDR images compression options for display on devices with a low dynamic range (LDR). In the introduction is described historical evolution of recording of reality. It is focusing towards point of view of physics, human visual perception and digital recording. There are described the ways of generating and holding of HDR images. The thesis is corncerned to the techniques of HDR compression, it means the tone-mapping. The different techniques of tone-mapping are explained and specific aproach is targeted to the gradient domain high dynamic range compresion.

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12

Mwita, Leonard Chacha. "Verbal tone in Kuria". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666904901&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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13

Pulleyblank, Douglas George. "Tone in lexical phonology /". Dordrecht : Boston ; Lancaster : Netherlands ; GB : D. Reidel, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34931840s.

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14

Tsay, Jane S. "Tone Alteration in Taiwanese". Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227272.

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15

Hsieh, Feng-fan. "Relational correspondence in tone sandhi". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41698.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-292).
This dissertation proposes that the constraint component of OT grammars should be expanded to include a family of faithfulness constraints that evaluate input-output/output-output mappings for the preservation of gross Fo contours (rising, falling, level) across two or more segments. Following Steriade (2006), I refer to constraints in this family as Relational Correspondence constraints. The central tenet of Relational Correspondence is that phonological processes are shaped by pressure to maintain perceptual similarity between correspondent relations between successive elements, or syntagmatic contrast preservation in the auditory domain Fo, as opposed to paradigmatic contrast preservation according to which the well-formedness of an entity is evaluated with reference to the set of entities it contrasts with. Two types of Relational Correspondence are distinguished in this work: Contour and Slope Correspondence. Contour Correspondence, formulated as RELCORR constraints, assesses correspondence of the phonological height (Fo scaling) relation between successive tones. Four height relations are proposed for the tonal contour: "greater than" (x>y), "less than" (xby Feng-fan Hsieh.
Ph.D.

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16

Sietsema, Brian Mark. "Metrical dependencies in tone assignment". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14226.

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17

Bao, Zhiming. "On the nature of tone". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14143.

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18

Wilson, Brian George. "5-tone ZVEI encoder analyser". Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1141.

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Thesis (M.Diploma in Technology)--Cape Technikon, 1993
This thesis describes the development of a 5-Tone Zentral Verband Electrotechische Industrie eZVEI) Encoder Analyser. The 5-Tone ZVEI Encoder Analyser is used by the Radio Section of the Test and Metering Branch, which falls under the Electricity Department of the Cape Town City Council. It assists the Quality Assurance Technician in determining whether the 5 tone ZVEI encoder, of the radio under test, is operating within the manufacturers specifications. Various manufacturers of radio equipment tender for the supply of mobile radios fitted with ZVEI tone The Radio Section are now capable of testing encoders. all the various radios and comparing the analysed ZVEI specifications of each manufacturer's radio. The results can be used to assist management in deciding which radio would be the most suitable for purchasing. The development of the 5-Tone ZVEI Encoder Analyser involved the design and development of hardware and software. It was designed to be housed in a compact enclosure and to interface to a Motorola Communications System Analyser Model R-2001C. The RF output, from the radio under test, connects to the RF input of the Communications System Analyser. The demodulated output of the Communications System Analyser connects to the input of the 5-Tone ZVEI Encoder Analyser. The softwa~e was designed using PLM-51 high level language to p~ovide ~eal-time analysis of va~ious selective-calls (selcalls) ~eceived f~om the demodulated output of the Communications System Analyser. Once all 5 tones of the ZVEI selcall have been analysed the software background task is flagged and the analysed results a~e displayed as various MODES of display on a 16 cha~acte~ by 4 line dot matrix display. The following parameters of the ZVEI selcall a~e analysed: i) Frequency Digits. ii) Frequency fo~ each of the 5 tones. iii) Tone Duration for each of the 5 tones. iv) Frequency Error for the 5 tones. v) Tone Duration Er~or for the 5 tones. The design and development of the 5-Tone ZVEI Encode~ Analyser was conducted at the Computer Section of the Electricity Depa~tment, Cape Town City Council.

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19

Nejezchleb, Ivan. "Tone-mapping pro HDR obrazy". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236674.

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This thesis focuses on the high dynamic range (HDR) imaging problematic. It describes process of capturing and storage of HDR images in brief. Main part of thesis deals with techniques of how to display HDR images on common visual display devices, which are not able to represent them directly. This process is called tone-mapping. It is firstly described in general and than the text focuses on several techniques of tone-mapping, mainly on tone-mapping using bilateral filtering.

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20

Lawson, Michael Wayne. "Relationship Between Line and Tone". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83777.

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This project is the search for a room. The search included that which is sensible through tone, and that which is intelligible through line. Tone and color were used to paint the sensible, geometric constructions were used to understand the intelligible. The constructed axonometric drawings became both sensible and intelligible in the way that their very construction is an active reconstitution of the charred contours of a dream. This project began with a glass of Scotch, which is a container of a world; dreamlike, smoky, and ethereal. It ended with drawings of a room; a reconstitution of a dream.
Master of Architecture

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21

Murnane, Owen D., Faith W. Akin e T. Medley. "Tone-Evoked Vestibular Myogenic Potentials". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1911.

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22

Peng, Long. "A unified theory of tone-voice". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185871.

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This thesis studies the interactions of vowel tone with consonantal voice. Briefly, tone-voice interactions refer to: (i) voiced--not voiceless--onsets block high tone spreading; (ii) voiceless--not voiced--onsets block low tone spreading; (iii) sonorant onsets are transparent to both tonal processes. There are many variations to these archetypical patterns of tone-voice interactions. I argue that these variations as well as the archetypical patterns can receive a revealing account from the phonological theory. Specifically, this thesis explores the Prosodic Hypothesis of Tone-Voice, which claims: (i) tone must be represented prosodically (namely, tone is associated to mora); and (ii) tone-voice relations must be expressed by conditions (namely, path conditions, proposed in Archangeli and Pulleyblank (in prep)). By exploiting tonal representations and conditions on tone-voice, the Prosodic Hypothesis provides a principled account of tone-voice in Ngizim, Ewe, and Nupe. The result is a principled theory that unifies the known phonetic and phonological facts about tone-voice and that makes testable predictions about the nature and type of expected tone-voice interactions. In addition to tone-voice, this thesis investigates a range of theoretical issues from tonal representations, to onset representations, to the privative voicing theory to Grounded Phonology (Archangeli and Pulleyblank in prep.). I demonstrate that detailed formal analyses of tone-voice can not only uncover facts about tone-voice, but can also make important contributions to phonological theory.

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23

De, Freitas Sandra. "A Psychoanalytical Study on the Importance of Skin Tone in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30521.

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24

Moseley, Brian Christopher. "Twelve-Tone Cartography| Space, Chains, and Intimations of "Tonal" Form in Anton Webern's Twelve-Tone Music". Thesis, City University of New York, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601934.

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This dissertation proposes a theory and methodology for creating musical spaces, or maps, to model form in Webern’s twelve-tone compositions. These spaces are intended to function as “musical grammars,” in the sense proposed by Robert Morris. And therefore, significant time is spent discussing the primary syntactic component of Webern’s music, the transformation chain, and its interaction with a variety of associational features, including segmental invariance and pitch(-class) symmetry. Throughout the dissertation, these spaces function as an analytical tools in an exploration of this music’s deep engagement with classical formal concepts and designs. This study includes analytical discussions of the Piano Variations, Op. 27 and the String Quartet, Op. 28, and extended analytical explorations of the second movement of the Quartet, Op. 22, and two movements from the Cantata I, Op. 29.

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25

Mar, Li-Ya. "covert contrast| The acquisition of Mandarin tone 2 and tone 3 in L2 production and perception". Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10123605.

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This dissertation investigates the occurrence of an intermediate stage, termed a covert contrast, in the acquisition of Mandarin Tone 2 (T2) and Tone 3 (T3) by adult speakers of American English. A covert contrast is a statistically reliable distinction produced by language learners that is not perceived by native speakers of the target language (TL). In second language (L2) acquisition, whether a learner is judged as having acquired a TL phonemic contrast has largely depended on whether the contrast was perceived and transcribed by native speakers of the TL. However, categorical perception has shown that native listeners cannot perceive a distinction between two sounds that fall within the same perceptual boundaries on the continuum of the relevant acoustic cues. In other words, it is possible that native speakers of the TL do not perceive a phonemic distinction that is produced by L2 learners when that distinction occurs within a phonemic boundary of TL.

The data for the study were gathered through two elicitations of tone production, a longitudinal analysis, and two perception tasks. There were three key findings. First, both elicitations showed that most of the L2 participants produced a covert contrast between T2 and T3 on at least one of the three acoustic measures used in the study. Second, the longitudinal analysis reveals that some L2 participants progressed from making a covert contrast to a later stage of implementing an overt one, thereby supporting the claim that making a covert contrast is an intermediate stage in the process of acquiring a L2 phonemic contrast. Third, results of the perceptual tasks showed no reliable difference in identifying and discriminating Mandarin T2 and T3 on the part of the L2 learners who produced a covert contrast and those who produced an overt contrast, indicating that there was no reliable difference in the two groups’ ability to perceive the target tones.

In all, the occurrence of a covert contrast in the process of acquiring Mandarin T2 and T3 suggests that L2 acquisition of a tonal contrast is a gradient process, one in which an intermediate step occurs before a L2 learner reaches the final stage of implementing an overt contrast that is perceived as target-like by the native speakers of the TL.

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26

Lui, Yik-yee Jessica. "Cantonese tone perception in young children". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36207597.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2000.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2000." Also available in print.

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27

Bartram, Cathryn Virginia. "An investigation of tone in Walungge". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14184/.

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28

Yiu, Suet-yee, e 姚雪儀. "Aspects of tone in Cantonese English". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211151.

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29

Yuzawa, Nobuo. "The rise-fall tone in English". Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250642.

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30

Samba, Philippe. "The system of tone in Kikongo". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292088.

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31

Coe, J. Y. "Alteration of neonatal pulmonary vascular tone". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381381.

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32

Cochran, Jennie E. (Jennie Eleanor) 1981. "Learning Internet from tone of voice". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28383.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 56).
The ability to discern information from the tone of voice that a person uses is an important part of social interactions. Synthetic characters that can interact naturally with humans could take advantage of this information if they could discern it. I propose that a synthetic character with a vocalization affect classifier and the ability to learn associations can use the tone of voice of the person interacting with her to predict what the person is going to do. In this approach the classifier learns to distinguish tones in real time allowing the character to adapt to new tones. I describe the implementation of the system, called Minimus T.O. Mouse, and its extensions from previous affect classifying systems and previous synthetic characters.
by Jennie E. Cochran.
M.Eng.

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33

Staněk, Jiří. "Metody temporálního tone-mappingu HDR videa". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403155.

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Abstract (sommario):

The diploma thesis provides the theoretical background needed to understand the complex topic of high dynamic range, and deals with the implementation of an innovative method for temporal video tone-mapping. At first, high dynamic range image acquisition, storage and processing are described. Afterwards, a general introduction to tone-mapping, description of undesirable image artifacts and an overview of existing state-of-the-art algorithms are presented. The part which follows focuses on the implementation of the chosen method and proposes several additional enhancements of the initially selected algorithm. Based on the information provided, an application with an intuitive graphical interface, which can be used for temporal HDR video tone-mapping, has been created. Finally, the the achieved results are demonstrated and visually compared with existing methods for temporal video tone-mapping.

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34

Ioan, Cristina. "Developing the flute tone through singing". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1140.

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Mestrado em Música
Este estudo pretende propor um método alternativo para melhorar o som na execução da flauta utilizanto elementos da técnica vocal. É uma pesquisa interdisciplinar que consiste em desenvolver, experimentar e analisar exercícios e métodos para estudar flauta através do canto. ABSTRACT: This music study whants to propose an alternative method for developing the flute tone by using singing techniques. It is a piece of interdisciplinary reasearch consisting in developing, experimenting, and analyzing exercises and methods for practicing flute through singing.

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35

Boitard, Ronan. "Temporal coherency in video tone mapping". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S060/document.

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Abstract (sommario):

L'un des buts principaux de l'imagerie numérique est d'une part la capture et d'autre part la reproduction de scènes réelles ou synthétiques sur des dispositifs d'affichage aux capacités restreintes. Les techniques d'imagerie traditionnelles sont limitées par la gamme de luminance qu'elles peuvent capturer et afficher. L'imagerie à grande gamme de luminance (High Dynamic Range – HDR) vise à dépasser cette limitation en capturant, représentant et affichant les quantités physique de la lumière présente dans une scène. Cependant, les technologies d'affichage existantes ne vont pas disparaitre instantanément, la compatibilité entre ces nouveaux contenus HDR et les contenus classiques est donc requise. Cette compatibilité est assurée par une opération de réduction des gammes de luminance (tone mapping) qui adapte les contenus HDR aux capacités restreintes des écrans. Bien que de nombreux opérateurs de tone mapping existent, ceux-ci se focalisent principalement sur les images fixes. Les verrous scientifiques associés au tone mapping de vidéo HDR sont plus complexes du fait de la dimension temporelle. Les travaux recherche menés dans la thèse se sont focalisés sur la préservation de la cohérence temporelle du vidéo tone mapping. Deux principaux axes de recherche ont été traités : la qualité subjective de contenus tone mappés et l'efficacité de la compression des vidéos HDR. En effet, tone mapper individuellement chaque image d'une séquence vidéo HDR engendre des artefacts temporels. Ces artefacts affectent la qualité visuelle de la vidéo tone mappée et il est donc nécessaire de les minimiser. Au travers de tests effectués sur des vidéos HDR avec différents opérateurs de tone mapping, nous avons proposé une classification des artefacts temporels en six catégories. Après avoir testé les opérateurs de tone mapping vidéo existants sur les différents types d'artefacts temporels, nous avons observé que seulement trois des six types d'artefacts étaient résolus. Nous avons donc créé une technique de post-traitement qui permet de réduire les 3 types d'artefacts non-considérés. Le deuxième aspect considéré dans la thèse concerne les relations entre compression et tone mapping. Jusque là, les travaux effectués sur le tone mapping et la vidéo compression se focalisaient sur l'optimisation du tone mapping de manière à atteindre des taux de compression élevés. Ces techniques modifient fortement le rendu, c'est à dire l'aspect de la vidéo, modifiant ainsi l'intention artistique initiale en amont dans la chaine de distribution (avant la compression). Dans ce contexte, nous avons proposé une technique qui permet de réduire l'entropie d'une vidéo tone mappée sans en modifier son rendu. Notre méthode adapte la quantification afin d'accroitre les corrélations entre images successives d'une vidéo
One of the main goals of digital imagery is to improve the capture and the reproduction of real or synthetic scenes on display devices with restricted capabilities. Standard imagery techniques are limited with respect to the dynamic range that they can capture and reproduce. High Dynamic Range (HDR) imagery aims at overcoming these limitations by capturing, representing and displaying the physical value of light measured in a scene. However, current commercial displays will not vanish instantly hence backward compatibility between HDR content and those displays is required. This compatibility is ensured through an operation called tone mapping that retargets the dynamic range of HDR content to the restricted dynamic range of a display device. Although many tone mapping operators exist, they focus mostly on still images. The challenges of tone mapping HDR videos are more complex than those of still images since the temporal dimensions is added. In this work, the focus was on the preservation of temporal coherency when performing video tone mapping. Two main research avenues are investigated: the subjective quality of tone mapped video content and their compression efficiency. Indeed, tone mapping independently each frame of a video sequence leads to temporal artifacts. Those artifacts impair the visual quality of the tone mapped video sequence and need to be reduced. Through experimentations with HDR videos and Tone Mapping Operators (TMOs), we categorized temporal artifacts into six categories. We tested video tone mapping operators (techniques that take into account more than a single frame) on the different types of temporal artifact and we observed that they could handle only three out of the six types. Consequently, we designed a post-processing technique that adapts to any tone mapping operator and reduces the three types of artifact not dealt with. A subjective evaluation reported that our technique always preserves or increases the subjective quality of tone mapped content for the sequences and TMOs tested. The second topic investigated was the compression of tone mapped video content. So far, work on tone mapping and video compression focused on optimizing a tone map curve to achieve high compression ratio. These techniques changed the rendering of the video to reduce its entropy hence removing any artistic intent or constraint on the final results. That is why, we proposed a technique that reduces the entropy of a tone mapped video without altering its rendering

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36

Liu, Chun Hung. "Bit-depth expansion and tone mapping /". View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202008%20LIU.

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37

Correia, Marcelo Lima De Gusmao. "Sympathetic vascular tone in human obesity". Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/134.

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38

Wilson, Darren. "pH and vascular smooth muscle tone". Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362288.

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39

Goswami, Abhishek. "Content-aware HDR tone mapping algorithms". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG013.

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Abstract (sommario):

Le rapport entre l'intensité de luminance la plus lumineuse et la plus sombre dans les images à plage dynamique élevée (High Dynamic Range-HDR) est supérieur à la capacité de rendu du support de sortie. Les opérateurs de mappage de tonalités (Tone mapping operators - TMOs) compressent l'image HDR tout en préservant les indices perceptuels, modifiant ainsi la qualité esthétique subjective. Les techniques dans le domaine de la peinture ainsi que les techniques de correction manuelle de l'exposition en photographie ont inspiré de nombreuses recherches sur les TMOs. Cependant, contrairement au processus de retouche manuel basé sur le contenu sémantique de l'image, les TMOs dans la littérature se sont principalement appuyés sur des règles photographiques ou des principes d'adaptation de la vision humaine pour obtenir la 'meilleure' qualité esthétique, ce qui est un problème mal posé en raison de sa subjectivité. Notre travail reformule les défis du mappage des tonalités en se mettant dans la peau d'un photographe, en suivant les principes photographiques, les statistiques d'images et leur recette de retouche locale pour réaliser les ajustements de tonalités. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons deux TMO sémantiques : un SemanticTMO traditionnel et un GSemTMO basé sur l'apprentissage profond. Nos nouveaux TMO utilisent explicitement des informations sémantiques dans le pipeline de mappage de tonalités. Notre nouveau G-SemTMO est le premier exemple de réseaux convolutifs sur les graphes (Graph Convolutional Networks - GCN) utilisé pour l'amélioration esthétique de l'image. Nous montrons que l'apprentissage basé sur des graphes peut tirer parti de l'agencement spatial de segments sémantiques similaire au masques locaux fabriqués par des experts. Il crée une compréhension de la scène basée sur les statistiques d'image spécifiques à la sémantique et prédit un mappage dynamique et local des tonalités. En comparant nos résultats aux TMO traditionnels et modernes basés sur l'apprentissage profond, nous montrons que G-SemTMO peut imiter les recettes d'un expert et mieux se rapprocher des styles esthétiques de référence lorsque comparé aux méthodes de pointe
The ratio between the brightest and the darkest luminance intensity in High Dynamic Range (HDR) images is larger than the rendering capability of the output media. Tone mapping operators (TMOs) compress the HDR image while preserving the perceptual cues thereby modifying the subjective aesthetic quality. Age old painting and photography techniques of manual exposure correction has inspired a lot of research for TMOs. However, unlike the manual retouching process based on semantic content of the image, TMOs in literature have mostly relied upon photographic rules or adaptation principles of human vision to aim for the 'best' aesthetic quality which is ill-posed due to its subjectivity. Our work reformulates the challenges of tone mapping by stepping into the shoes of a photographer, following the photographic principles, image statistics and their local retouching recipe to achieve the tonal adjustments. In this thesis, we present two semantic aware TMOs – a traditional SemanticTMO and a deep learning-based GSemTMO. Our novel TMOs explicitly use semantic information in the tone mapping pipeline. Our novel GSemTMO is the first instance of graph convolutional networks (GCN) being used for aesthetic image enhancement. We show that graph-based learning can leverage the spatial arrangement of semantic segments like the local masks made by experts. It creates a scene understanding based on the semantic specific image statistics a predicts a dynamic local tone mapping. Comparing our results to traditional and modern deep learning-based TMOs, we show that G-SemTMO can emulate an expert’s recipe and reach closer to reference aesthetic styles than the state-of-the-art methods

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40

Chow, Tak-yu David. "Lexical tone production in Cantonese alaryngeal speech". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209612.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1998.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 1998." Also available in print.

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41

Bharadwaj, Lalita Anne. "Oxygen free radicals, mediators of vascular tone". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24005.pdf.

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42

Picton, Peter Evan. "Multiple tone pair distortion product otoacoustic emissions". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ45426.pdf.

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43

Balch, Samora Julie. "Factors regulating arteriolar tone during microvascular growth". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5423.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 251 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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44

Larsson, Kristian, e Michael Larsson. "HDR och Tone mapping i automatiserade tullsystem". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21715.

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This report is about how HDR (HighDynamicRange) can be created and used in combination with Tone mapping. This work has been carried out together with Kapsch TrafficCom AB in Jönköping. The objective of this project is to: Evaluate and investigate the effects given to pictures by HDR and tone mapping. Evaluate if the technology may lead to improvements in Kapsch’s systems. To construct a program which is able to handle some form of tone mapping or HDR-algorithm. These questions will be answered in this report: What kind of effects has HDR and tone mapping-algorithms on pictures? Can the HDR-technology give better data in Kapsch’s systems? The research method used in this report is called action research. This means the authors has investigated the technology by reading different documentations and by testing different algorithms to see what kind of result they give. The report describes some of the tests made to see if the technology is appropriate in Kapsch’s system.There is two smaller reports made by the authors which documenting some of the work.The first report describes the work with different settings for a camera to create pictures with HDR-quality. The second report describes the differences between tone mapping-algorithms and different file format. Both reports are included as appendices to this report.In the program created by the authors some larger library’s with standard functions for opening of JPEG-pictures was used. The chosen library’s was MFC and GDI+. The program is developed for a windows environment and handles functions like sharpening with unsharp mask, colour space conversion and tone mapping.

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45

Hinds, Kevin. "Mechanisms controlling vascular tone in the retina". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601656.

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This thesis has investigated some of the cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms involved in three of the major blood flow autoregulation pathways of the retina, including pressure-autoregulation, regulation according to endothelium-derived factors. and neurovascular coupling. Myogenic responses represent the changes in vascular tone evoked by alterations in intra• luminal pressure, and they are mediated by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) stretch and de polarisation. KCI evoked depolarisation of the VSMC of isolated retinal arterioles was used to investigate the changes to sub•cellular Ca2+ signaling underlying this pathway. Depolarisation triggers an increase in [Ca2+]i in VSMC mediated by voltage-sensitive L-type Ca2+ channels, and a subsequent stimulation of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via ryanodine sensitive (RyR) channels - which manifests as an increase in the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations. The application of the endothelial-derived endothelin-l (Et-l) to isolated retinal arterioles caused elevations in both Ca2+ oscillations and sparks, as well as an increase in VSMC [Ca2+Ji. This reaction was mediated by an activation of EtAR on the VSMC plasma membrane and a stimulation of phospholipase C. This causes the production of inositol triphosphate (IP3). which activates Ca2+ release from the SR via IP3R. It was also found that RyR channels were also activated by Et-l, suggesting IP3R-RyR crosstalk. Retinal wholemount preparations were also employed to investigate the role of the neurotransmitter GABA in mediating vascular responses. The application of high concentrations of GABA evoked predominately vasodilation responses, mediated by GABAB receptors. It was also shown that GABA appears to make some contribution to baseline vascular tone, as the application of GABA receptor antagonists to un-constricted vessels evoked vasoconstrictions. Immunohistochemistry studies have indicated that GABAA and GABAB receptors are expressed on Muller cells, which have been linked to neurovascular coupling in the past suggesting a possible pathway for this vascular reaction.

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46

Duan, Jiang. "Tone mapping for high dynamic range images". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437085.

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47

Sexton, Anita-Jane. "Local control of human umbilical vessel tone". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321660.

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48

Yoshino, Toshihiko. "Choice behaviour of rats under tone-punishment". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325587.

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49

Williams, David John. "The control of vascular tone in pregnancy". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404899.

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50

"The perception of Cantonese tones by speakers of tone and non-tone languages". 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549213.

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Abstract (sommario):

前人發現非母語者对言語的感知主要受其母語和聲學因素的影響。但是多數研究集中在音段(segment)方面，鮮有研究關注這些因素如何影響超音段(supra-segment)的感知。母語中的聲調可能使有聲調的語言使用者比無聲調的語言使用者在聲調感知中有更好的發揮，兩組無聲調的語言使用者在各自母語的影響下，對聲調感知的表現也未必一致。本文旨在探索母語和聲學因素如何影響非母語者對廣東話聲調的感知。三組非母語者參加了我們的實驗。普通話組是有聲調的語言使用者, 英語組和法語組是無聲調的語言使用者。實驗一採用AX辨別範式 (AX discrimination) ，實驗材料包括廣東話言語聲調(speech tones)和非言語聲調 (non-speech tones)。實驗結果顯示，被試在聽辨言語聲調和非言語聲調時有不同的表現。在聽辨言語聲調時，一方面三組被試受聲調間的聲學距離影響在某些聲調組有相似表現，但另一方面普通話組在母語聲調的影響下，在總體上和某些聲調組中都比英語和法語組有更好的表現。相反，在聽辨非言語聲調時，三組被試的表現並無明顯的差異。實驗二採用相似度評判範式 (dissimilarity rating)，實驗材料為廣東話言語聲調。實驗結果顯示，被試在母語的影響下，側重不同的感知特徵 (perceptual cues)。普通話組對聲調的調形 (pitch direction) 比較敏感。英語和法語組都只對聲調音高的高低變化 (pitch height)敏感，但此兩組非母語者的感知特徵並不完全相同。綜觀以上所得，我們發現普通話組在母語聲調的幫助下有最好的表現，而英語和法語組因為母語中並無聲調，所以在辨別聲調時表現類似，但評判聲調相似度時則受母語的影響而關注不同的感知特徵。另外，本文在現行的理論模型的框架下討論了我們的實驗結果，並基於此對相關模型作出評價。最後，我們提出母語和聲學因素共同影響非母語者的聲調感知，兩項涉及影響聲調感知的要素應當受到現行理論模型的重視。
The influences of first language (L1) experience and psychoacoustic factors are well-attested in the perception of non-native segments, but such influence on the perception of non-native tones is still unclear. While the presence of lexical tones in L1 could cause differences in the perception of tones between speakers of tone languages and of non-tone languages, language-specific use of pitch may differentiate speakers of non-tone languages as well. This study conducted two experiments to investigate how L1 experience and psychoacoustic factors affect speakers of tone language (Mandarin) and two non-tone languages (English and French) in the perception of Cantonese tones. In Experiment 1, three groups of subjects with no Cantonese knowledge, native speakers of Mandarin, English and French, participated in an AX discrimination task of speech and non-speech tones in Cantonese. Results showed that the subjects performed differently in the speech and non-speech tasks. In the speech task, while the three L1 groups shared some confusable tone pairs due to acoustic similarity of the tonal stimuli, the Mandarin group had a better performance than the English and French groups and differed from them in specific pairs under the influence of L1 experience. In the non-speech task, however, the three L1 groups did not have significant differences. In Experiment 2, the same subjects participated in a dissimilarity rating task of speech tones. Results indicated that the three L1 groups assigned weight to different dimensions of tones because of the language-specific use of pitch in their L1. While the Mandarin speakers were more sensitive to pitch direction than pitch height, the English and French speakers were similar in only attending to pitch height. Nevertheless, they also differed in terms of the perceptual cues they used. The English speakers attended to the beginning and ending pitch height whereas the French speakers were sensitive to the overall pitch height. In summary, L1 experience with native tones facilitated the Mandarin speakers’ perception of non-native Cantonese tones. The English and French speakers had no difference in discriminating non-native tones due to the lack of lexical tones in their L1, although they were sensitive to different perceptual cues. The findings are discussed with respect to current models of non-native perception, the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) and the Attention to Dimension (A2D) model. Our findings suggest that L1 experience and psychoacoustic similarity of stimuli jointly influence the perception of non-native tones and both factors should be incorporated into the models of speech perception.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Qin, Zhen.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-93).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in also Chinese; appendix A in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.III
摘要 --- p.IV
Acknowledgements --- p.V
Table of Content --- p.VI
List of Figures --- p.IX
List of Tables --- p.X
Chapter CHPATER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Factors in perception of non-native tones --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Our aim --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Our solution --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Organization --- p.4
Chapter CHPATER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5
Chapter 2.1 --- Modeling cross-linguistic perception --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Category Assimilation Approach---the PAM --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cue-Weighting Approach---the A2D model --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Comparison of the two models --- p.11
Chapter 2.3. --- Perception of lexical tones --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.1 --- The phonemic status of pitch --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.2. --- Perceptual cues of tones --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Psychoacoustic factors --- p.15
Chapter 2.4. --- Pitch in Cantonese, Mandarin and English and French --- p.16
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Lexical tones in Cantonese --- p.17
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Lexical tones in Mandarin --- p.18
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Pitch in English and French --- p.19
Chapter 2.5 --- Research Questions --- p.22
Chapter 2.6 --- Predictions --- p.22
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- EXPERIMENT ONE --- p.26
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.26
Chapter 3.2 --- Subjects --- p.27
Chapter 3.3 --- Materials --- p.31
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Speech stimuli --- p.31
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Non-speech stimuli --- p.34
Chapter 3.4 --- Procedures --- p.35
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Speech Task --- p.35
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Non-speech task --- p.36
Chapter 3.5 --- Results and Analysis --- p.37
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Overall performance in the speech task versus non-speech task --- p.37
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Performance for individual tone pairs --- p.40
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Different types of tone pairs --- p.46
Chapter 3.5.4 --- Individual differences --- p.48
Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.53
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Overall performance in speech and non-speech tasks --- p.53
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Performance on individual tone pairs --- p.54
Chapter 3.6.3 --- Individual differences --- p.57
Chapter 3.6.4 --- Comparison with previous studies --- p.57
Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.58
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- EXPERIMENT TWO --- p.59
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.59
Chapter 4.2 --- Subjects and Materials --- p.59
Chapter 4.3 --- Procedures --- p.60
Chapter 4.4 --- Analysis --- p.61
Chapter 4.5 --- Results --- p.62
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Number of Dimensions --- p.62
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Tonal distribution --- p.64
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Interpretation of dimensions --- p.64
Chapter 4.5.4 --- Weighting of dimensions and individuals --- p.65
Chapter 4.6 --- Discussion --- p.66
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Psychoacoustic factors --- p.66
Chapter 4.6.2 --- L1 experience --- p.67
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Comparison with the discrimination task --- p.68
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Comparison with previous studies --- p.69
Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.70
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.71
Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.71
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Psychoacoustic factors --- p.71
Chapter 5.1.2 --- L1 experience --- p.71
Chapter 5.2 --- Revisiting the PAM and the A2D model --- p.73
Chapter 5.2.1 --- The predictions of the two models --- p.73
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Evaluations of the two models --- p.76
Chapter 5.3 --- The psycholinguistic representation of lexical tone --- p.79
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Tone versus Segment --- p.79
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Tone versus Other prosodic categories --- p.80
Chapter 5.4 --- Limitations and Future study --- p.82
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.83
References --- p.85
Appendix --- p.94
Chapter Appendix A- --- The randomized wordlists --- p.94
Chapter Appendix B- --- Dissimilarity rating answer sheet --- p.95

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