Tesi: "Tomatoes Effect of salt on"

1

Al-Rawahy, Salim Ali. "Nitrogen uptake, growth rate and yield of tomatoes under saline conditions". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184894.

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Results of two studies are reported here, a greenhouse study and a field study. In the greenhouse study, dry matter yield and nitrogen (total and 15N) uptake of leaves, stems and roots of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., cv. Columbia) subjected to saline stress by NaCl were studied. The integrated effects of responses of these tissues to salinity on the whole plant basis and levels of Na⁺, Cl⁻ and K⁺ accumulation in these tissues were also studied. The treatments consisted of low (control, 0.3 bar), medium (4.3 bars), and high (8.3 bars) salinity. The saline treatments were prepared by adding NaCl to nutrient solution in sand culture. The plants were 80 days old at the start of the treatments and each was in a pot containing 1.8 kg of quartz sand. The ¹⁵N was provided to plants by adding K¹⁵NO₃ to the pots and the 15N treatment continued with the saline treatments up to 30 days. The plants were harvested at each 5-day interval during the treatment period. Dry matter production and nitrogen (total and ¹⁵N) uptake were significantly lower for saline treatments as compared with the control. Differences in dry matter production and ¹⁵N uptake on whole plant basis appeared in the latter part of the treatment period between the two saline treatments. For most of the parameters studied, the leaves were found to be affected most by salinity, the roots were intermediate in their response and the stems were the least affected by salinity. The effect of salinity on the studied parameters were attributed to osmotic effects and specific ion effects of Na⁺ and/or Cl⁻. A field study with two cultivars--Columbia and Pearson was conducted at the Safford Agricultural Center. Three N treatments were used: 0 kg N/ha, 84 kg N/ha and 168 kg N/ha and two treatments consisting of two water sources--river water with an EC of 1.15 dS/m and more saline well water of EC of 2.21 dS/m. Columbia had a significantly higher yield of tomatoes than Pearson for both water types. The N treatments had no effect on tomato yield apparently due to high residual N remaining in the field from the previous crop. Commercially acceptable fresh market yields were approached with both varieties and waters in spite of moderate salinity and sodium under heavy textural soil conditions, high temperatures and the presence of certain diseases in the area.

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2

Slail, Nabeel Younis 1963. "INFLUENCE OF SODIUM-CHLORIDE ON TRANSPIRATION AND PLANT GROWTH OF TWO TOMATO CULTIVARS". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276516.

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Seedlings were grown at five salinity levels in Hoagland's solution for 4 weeks. Transpiration, leaf diffusive resistance, leaf temperature and plant growth of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars 'VF 145B' and 'VF 10' were examined at different levels of NaCl ranging from 0 to -12 bars. Salinity-reduced transpiration increased leaf diffusive resistance and increased leaf temperature for both cultivars. Shoot length, root length, shoot and root weight and leaf area were all lower for the two cultivars at increasing salinity levels. However, the two cultivars responded differently to salinity, with VF 10 showing better growth at the control and the -4 bar treatment than VF 145 B. At -9 and -12 bar treatment, the reverse was true. Selection of tomato for salt resistance should not be based on vigorous growth at non-saline conditions because different genes may control the salt tolerance ability of the plants at high salinity levels.

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3

Wang, Ding Xiang. "Interaction between the effects of sodium chloride and high temperature on the vegetative growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)". Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw2456.pdf.

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4

Danon, Avihai. "Molecular events associated with halophytic growth in Lycopersicon pennellii". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184642.

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We have studied the effects of exogenous salt on whole plant and suspension culture cells of the halophytic tomato Lycopersicon pennellii. Under low salt conditions (2.9 dS/M) plants showed enhanced (halophytic) growth (107% of control). At moderate (7.5 dS/M) and high (18.5 dS/M) salt levels, salt stress reduced growth to about 78% and 40% of control respectively. Salt-induced changes in root mRNAs were analyzed via two-dimensional PAGE of cell free translation (CFT) products. We have identified 14 proteins whose levels were enhanced by exogenous salt. One of these proteins was unique to low salt induced halophytic growth. This system allowed for discrimination between proteins up-regulated at all salt levels and those up-regulated only during salt stress induced growth reduction. Ten proteins were identified whose levels were reduced by exogenous salt. Once again, one could identify a subset of proteins whose levels were reduced only under salt stressed conditions. Proteins identified in this study are candidates for roles in growth maintaining stress adaptive metabolism in L.pennellii. These data underscore the complexity of the genetic control of salt metabolism in higher plants. The effects of exogenous salt on protein synthesis and accumulation were studied in suspension cultures of L.pennellii. Two salt levels were applied to the cells. Under low salt conditions (LS, 10 mM), L.pennellii cells showed enhanced (halophytic) growth. Under high salt conditions (HS, 50 mM), the cells showed reduced (salt-stressed) growth. Changes in proteins with time were analyzed by a combination of cell free translation, in vivo labeling and total accumulated protein. In vivo labeling studies showed that the pattern of steady state protein synthesis was disrupted shortly after addition of salt. High salt induced greater disruption in the pattern. Over time, the steady state levels of most proteins shifted back towards those of the unstressed-control. However, the level of several proteins remained altered. Analysis of proteins whose levels increased with exogenous salt showed differences in the response patterns that may allow for discrimination between proteins involved in growth maintaining and stress shock responses.

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5

Lintnaar, Melissa. "The physiological responses of salinity stressed tomato plants to mycorrhizal infection and variation in rhizosphere carbon dioxide concentration". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52002.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This investigation was undertaken to determine whether elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) supplied to plant roots could improve plant growth and alleviate the effects of salinity stress on tomato plants infected with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Lycopersicon esculentum cv. FI44 seedlings were grown in hydroponic culture (pH 5.8) with 0 and 75 mM NaCI and with or without infection with the fungus Glomus mosseae. The root solution was aerated with ambient CO2 (360 ppm) or elevated CO2 ( 5 000 ppm) concentrations. The arbuscular and hypha I components of mycorrhizal infection as well as the percentages total infection were decreased or increased according to the variation in seasons. The plant dry weight of mycorrhizal plants was increased by 30% compared to non-mycorrhizal plants at elevated concentrations of CO2, while the dry weight was decreased by 68% at ambient CO2 concentrations. Elevated CO2 also stimulated the growth of the mycorrhizal fungus. Elevated CO2 increased the plant dry weight and stimulated fungal growth of mycorrhizal plants possibly by the provision of carbon due to the incorporation of HCO)- by PEPc. Plant roots supplied with elevated concentrations of CO2 had a decreased CO2 release rate compared to roots at ambient CO2. This decrease in CO2 release rate at elevated CO2 was due to the increased incorporation of HC03- by PEPc activity. Under conditions of salinity stress plants had a higher ratio of N03-: reduced N in the xylem sap compared to plants supplied with 0 mM NaCI. Under salinity stress conditions, more N03- was transported in the xylem stream possibly because of the production of more organic acids instead of amino acids due to low P conditions under which the plants were grown. The N03· uptake rate of plants increased at elevated concentrations of CO2 in the absence of salinity because the HCO)- could be used for the production of amino acids. In the presence of salinity, carbon was possibly used for the production of organic acids that diverted carbon away from the synthesis of amino acids. It was concluded that mycorrhizas were beneficial for plant growth under conditions of salinity stress provided that there was an additional source of carbon. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection did not improve the nutrient uptake of hydroponically grown plants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie was die effek van verhoogde konsentrasies opgeloste anorganiese koolstof wat aan plant wortels verskaf is, getoets om te bepaal of dit die groei van plante kan verbeter asook of sout stres verlig kon word in tamatie plante wat met arbuskulêre mikorrhizas geïnfekteer was. Lycorpersicon esculentum cv. FJ44 saailinge was in water kultuur gegroei (pH 5.8) met 0 en 75 mM NaCI asook met of sonder infeksie met die fungus Glomus mosseae. Die plant wortels was bespuit met normale CO2 (360 dele per miljoen (dpm)) sowel as verhoogde CO2 (5 000 dpm) konsentrasies. Die arbuskulere en hife komponente, sowel as die persentasie infeksie was vermeerder of verminder na gelang van die verandering in seisoen. Die plant droë massa van mikorrhiza geïnfekteerde plante by verhoogde CO2 konsentrasies was verhoog met 30% in vergelyking met plante wat nie geïnfekteer was nie, terwyl die droë massa met 68% afgeneem het by gewone CO2 konsentrasies. Verhoogde CO2 konsentrasies het moontlik die plant droë massa en die groei van die fungus verbeter deur koolstof te verskaf as gevolg van die vaslegging van HCO)- deur die werking van PEP karboksilase. Plant wortels wat met verhoogde CO2 konsentrasies bespuit was, het 'n verlaagde CO2 vrystelling getoon in vergelyking met die wortels by normale CO2 vlakke. Die vermindering in CO2 vrystelling van wortels by verhoogde CO2 was die gevolg van die vaslegging van HC03- deur PEPk aktiwiteit. Onder toestande van sout stres, het plante 'n groter hoeveelheid N03- gereduseerde N in die xileemsap bevat in vergelyking met plante wat onder geen sout stres was nie, asook meer NO)- was in die xileemsap vervoer moontlik omdat meer organiese sure geproduseer was ten koste van amino sure. Dit was die moontlike gevolg omdat die plante onder lae P toestande gegroei het. Die tempo van NO.; opname was verhoog onder verhoogde CO2 konsentrasies en in die afwesigheid van sout stres omdat die HCO)- vir die produksie van amino sure gebruik was. In die teenwoordigheid van sout was koolstof moontlik gebruik om organiese sure te vervaardig wat koolstof weggeneem het van die vervaardiging van amino sure. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat mikorrhizas voordelig is vir die groei van plante onder toestande van sout stres mits daar 'n addisionele bron van koolstof teenwoordig is. Arbuskulere mikorrhiza infeksie het 'n geringe invloed gehad op die opname van voedingstowwe van plante wat in waterkultuur gegroei was.

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6

Rawahy, Salim Ali 1951. "EFFECT OF SODIUM-CHLORIDE, SODIUM-SULFATE AND CALCIUM-CHLORIDE SALTS ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY TOMATO PLANTS (SALINITY, OSMOTIC PRESSURE, SPECIFIC ION EFFECT)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275527.

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7

Al-Bahrany, Abdulaziz Maatook 1960. "PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TOMATO CULTIVARS SUBJECTED TO SALINITY (GERMINATION, RESPIRATION)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276460.

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8

Saif, Salman Mohammed 1958. "EFFECT OF SALINITY ON THE TOMATO PLANTS GROWN IN A HYDROPONIC SYSTEM". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277070.

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9

Neto, Egidio Bezerra. "Salt tolerance in tomatoes". Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332560.

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10

Dessalegne, Lemma. "Salt tolerance in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)". Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336686.

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11

Mushia, Mahlodi Nicacius. "Evaluating the effect of moisture stress on tomato using non-destructive remote sensing techniques". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/498.

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Thesis (MSC.Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2009.
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of moisture stress on tomato, using non-destructive remote sensing techniques and agronomic traits under field and greenhouse conditions. Two tomato cultivars Roma VF and Flora Dade were used for the trial. The soil was fertilized optimally for all nutrients to avoid other stresses except water stress; a 2x2 factorial experiment was conducted using two levels of water regimes (stressed vs. control (non-stressed)) having four replicates and two cultivars using a Completely Randomized Design. Pots were put under greenhouse and field conditions. Canopy temperature was measured using an infrared thermometer, NDVI values were recorded using a green seeker hand-held optical sensor unit and stomatal opening were determined using a leaf porometer. Other agronomic traits including days taken for 50% flowering, plant height, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant were recorded. Leaf temperature in stressed plants was high as compared to non-stressed plants, whereas NDVI and stomata conductance values were low. Number of fruits per plant was low; each plant had 4.00 fruits under field conditions and 5.00 fruits per plant under greenhouse conditions as compared to 9.00 fruits under field conditions and 13.00 under greenhouse conditions for non stressed plants. Stressed plants were shorter as compared to non-stressed plants and days taken for 50% flowering were delayed in both cultivars for stressed plants. Stressed plants showed a sign of stress at early stages of plant development. Most of these signs were found on the plants rather than on the fruits, the shape of the main stem of a growing plant was one of the good indicators as it became thin and stringy under stressed conditions. The experiment showed that it is possible to evaluate the effect of moisture stress on tomato by the use of canopy temperature, NDVI, stomatal conductance and agronomic traits.

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12

Odum, LeVar Marquel Cheng Z. Y. "Effect of silver nanoparticles on tomato plants and development of a Plant Monitoring System (PMS)". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Theses/Odum_Levar_6.pdf.

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13

Al-Rawahy, Salem, J. L. Stroehlein e L. J. Clark. "Effect of Salinity on Yield of Two Varieties of Tomatoes". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214172.

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Two varieties of tomatoes were grown with two water qualities and three N rates at Safford in 1987. Results indicate that adapted varieties may be suitable for commercial production in the upper Gila Valley.

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14

Nelson, Linda M. "Effect of cultivar type and microclimate modification, through the use of row tunnels, on production of early season tomato in Quebec". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59975.

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The objective of this study was to formulate a management system for improving early Quebec tomato yields through the use of polyethylene row tunnels and the screening of three tomato genotypes for their performance under a tunnel system of growing.
Three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars, Springset (early, cold-tolerant), Celebrity (standard), and Hope No. 1 (early, heat-tolerant), were grown under clear or white perforated polyethylene row tunnels that were either vented ten days prior to anthesis to maintain temperatures below 30$ sp circ$C or nonvented. Controls had no tunnel treatment.
Springset had the highest harvest index and subsequent highest early yield. Celebrity had the highest total yield. Hope was not suited to producing early yield under the frequent low temperature conditions occurring during the spring in Quebec. Tunnels did not improve early or total yield.
Further research is required before tunnels can be recommended for producing early tomatoes in Quebec.

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15

VanTine, Melissa C. "Effect of watering regime and media components on the production of organic tomato transplants". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3619.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 60 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-60).

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16

Hambrick, Timothy. "Effect of Phosphorus Placement Methods on the Yield & Quality of Tomatoes". TopSCHOLAR®, 1989. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2422.

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Research was undertaken in the summer and fall of 1988 to determine the effect of phosphorus placed below, below and to the side, banded and incorporated, and broadcast on the yield and quality of tomatoes. The results of the field study were not statistically significant due to high levels of available soil phosphorus. However, there were trends toward higher total yields, higher yield of number one grade tomatoes, and higher tissue phosphorus levels when phosphorus was placed in a concentrated zone or band as contrasted with the more popular broadcast method. The effect of phosphorus placement in the greenhouse was studied using two different soils, a high available phosphorus soil and a low available phosphorus soil. Again, phosphorus placed in a concentrated zone produced plants with higher tissue phosphorus levels, regardless of the soil the plants were grown on.

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17

Cropper, Paul Edward. "A kinetic template effect in arylphosphonium salt formation". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1988. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19513/.

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This thesis describes studies of a "kinetic template effect" which assists the formation of arylphosphonium salts from aryl halides and tertiary phosphines in the presence of a transition metal halide catalyst in refluxing ethanol. The "kinetic template effect" arises from the presence in the aryl halide of a limited range of orthosubstituents capable of intramolecular coordination with the metal at a critical stage of the reaction. In Chapter One, the "kinetic template effect" is compared with the better known "thermodynamic template effect". Earlier work on related "kinetic template effects" in the formation of aryl-phosphorus bonds is reviewed. The evidence for the possible involvement of aryl-metal intermediates in such reactions is also discussed. Chapter Two is concerned with the design and synthesis of potential template molecules. A model is proposed for the features necessary in the template substituent in terms of the nature and position of the donor atom or group essential for the replacement of the ortho-halogen under mild conditions. Chapter Three describes a kinetic study of the nickel (II) catalysed reactions of ortho-haloaryl Schiff's base and ortho-haloarylazo-dyestuff templates with tertiary phosphines. A rate law is deduced which indicates a first order dependence in each reactant, i.e. rate a [template] [phosphine] [catalyst], an overall third order expression. Rate studies also indicate that the nature of the orthohalogen is important, the order of replacement being I > Br > Cl. The effects of substituents remote from the ortho-haloaryl template are also considered. A mechanistic scheme consistent with the rate data is proposed. The X-ray crystal structures of two arylphosphonium salts derived from template aryl halides are discussed in Chapter Four, providing unequivocal proof that the position of replacement of halogen in substrates bearing more than one replaceable halogen, in different positions, is ortho with respect to the template donor group.

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18

Steward, Scott D. "The Effect of Salt Splash on Nylon 6,6". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35635.

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One of the most common environmental exposures that nylon undergoes, when used for automotive applications, is that of salt splash, which commonly occurs during winter driving. This study looks at the effect of various salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2) on the thermal and mechanical properties of nylon when exposed to one and four molar aqueous salt solutions. It was found that the diffusion of salt solutions into nylon 6,6 occurred in a pseudo-Fickian manner. Also, it was found that the presence of salt had an effect on the rate of decrease of yield stress with increasing exposure time. The presence of residual salt was found to accelerated deterioration of nylon 6,6, possibly via hydrolysis. In addition, it was found that residual salt was left after water was removed from the system and that this salt was removable.
Master of Science

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19

Karlberg, Louise. "Modelling Transpiration and Growth of Salinity and Drought Stressed Tomatoes". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1513.

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Irrigation with saline waters is an agricultural practicethat is becoming increasingly common as competition for freshwater increases. In this thesis the mechanisms behind salinityand drought stress has been studied using data from fieldexperiments in combination with a modelling tool, theCoupModel. Measurements from field experiments on salinity,boron toxicity and drought stressed tomatoes grown during twoclimatically different seasons in the Arava desert, Israel,showed a linear relationship between relative growth andevapotranspiration, for all treatments and seasons. Data fromthe spring was used to concurrently simulate growth andtranspiration, hence accounting for feedback mechanisms betweenthe plant and the environment. Salinity stress was modelled asan osmotic effect (reduction of water uptake at high soilsalinities, W approach) or a toxicity effect (direct reductionof photosynthesis with soil salinity, G approach). Goodagreement between simulated growth and transpiration wasachieved with both salinity stress approaches, with twoexceptions. When growth and transpiration were simulated withthe W approach at different salinity levels, transpiration wasunderestimated at high stress. The G approach resulted in anunderestimation of growth at high water stress under moderatesalinity. A direct decrease of photosynthesis leads to adecreasing water-use efficiency with salinity while water-useefficiency remains constant with salinity when the salinitystress is modelled as a reduction in water uptake. Measurementsshowed decreasing water-use efficiency for the salinitygradient, explaining why the W approach was not applicable. Itwas not possible to detect any considerable differences betweenthree different approaches for water uptake tested in thestudy.

Keywords:Water-use efficiency; osmotic effect; iontoxicity; semi-arid.

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20

Caralampides, Laura. "Effect of different fertilization levels on yield and lypocene content of field tomatoes". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110534.

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This thesis examined the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization rates on field fresh-market tomato yield (cv. Florida 47), nutrient levels in leaves, fruits and soil, and fruit lycopene content. Yield and plant nutrient levels were not affected by N fertigation and soil nitrate level suggested leaching. The causes for leaching were site specific. High initial P levels affected plant nutrient content and soil pH influenced availability of nutrients in the soil. Yield showed a quadratic response to increasing P fertilization. High initial K soil levels affected foliar nutrients and there was no response to fertilization. However, for soils low in initial K the maximum yield was obtained with 160kg K2O ha-1. Lycopene content was maximized at 90 and 20 kg ha-1 of N and K, respectively for early harvests. Tomatoes harvested earlier in the season, at a more advanced ripening stage and with a shorter post-harvest period had significantly more lycopene.
Cette thèse avait pour but d'identifier l'effet des taux de fertilisation dàzote (N), de phosphore (P) et de potassium (K) sur le rendement de tomate en champs (cv. Florida 47), la concentration en minéraux dans les feuilles, fruits et sol, ainsi que la teneur en lycopène des fruits. Le rendement et la teneur en éléments nutritifs des plantes n'ont pas été affectés par la fertigation d'azote. Aussi, le niveau de nitrates du sol suggère qu'il y a eu du lessivage. Les causes de lessivage étaient spécifiques au site. Les niveaux initiaux élevés de P ont affecté le contenu en éléments nutritifs des plants; aussi, le pH du sol a influencé la disponibilité des nutriments dans le sol. Le rendement a répondu de manière quadratique à l'augmentation des taux de fertilisation en P. Lorsque la teneur initiale en K était élevé, les concentrations foliaires étaient affectées, par contre il n'y avait pas de réponse à la fertilisation. Cependant, pour les sols à faible teneur en K le rendement maximal était obtenu avec l'application de 160kg K2O ha-1. La teneur en lycopène était maximisée à 90 et 20 kg ha-1 de N et K, respectivement, lors de la récolte plus hâtive. Les tomates récoltées plus tôt dans la saison, à un stade de maturation plus avancé et avec une plus courte période post-récolte avaient une plus haute teneur en lycopène.

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21

Leung, Ching-man, e 梁靜雯. "Characterization of two auxin-induced ACC synthase genes in tomatoes". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36748845.

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22

Morita, Tateo 1958. "Effect of inbreeding on germination salt tolerance in alfalfa". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276644.

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The performance of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) population has been improved by recurrent selection for germination salt tolerance. However, recurrent selection may lead to increased inbreeding. Since alfalfa is subject to severe inbreeding depression, accumulation of inbreeding during the selection process may negatively affect performance. This experiment was designed to determine the effects of inbreeding on germination performance in alfalfa under saline and non-saline conditions. The germination performance of seed having three different levels of inbreeding as examined. No adverse effects of inbreeding were observed in non-saline conditions. Consistent (but nonsignificant) declining trends were observed in germination percentage in saline conditions as the level of inbreeding increased. Proportionately larger declines were observed between generations in germination speed and early seedling vigor. These results suggest heterozygosity in alfalfa may be maintained simultaneously while recurrent selection for germination salt tolerance is conducted. Moreover, reducing inbreeding during recurrent selection for germination salt tolerance may be more successful if germination speed index or early seeding vigor are used for the measurement.

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23

Lingegowdaru, Jagadeesh. "Effect of UV-C hormesis on quality attributes of tomatoes during post treatment handling". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18285.

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Effect of UV-C Hormesis on Quality Attributes of Tomatoes during Post treatment Handling Post harvest losses are quite high in fresh fruits and vegetables. Although refrigeration is an effective method of storage, its advantage is limited to some crops that are not susceptible to chilling injury. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one such crop where other alternatives are sought for. Experiments were conducted to assess the effect of post-harvest treatment with artificial ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation (~254 nm) on quality and physiology of treated tomatoes during post treatment handling. Antioxidant composition of tomatoes was studied in relation to the consequence of UV irradiation. Tomato fruits (variety DRK-453) were irradiated (3.7 kJ/m2) at mature green stage and stored at 13oC and 95% RH along with a set of control. The tomatoes were randomly sampled after 10, 20 and 30 days from the cold storage chamber, and ripened for 7 and 14 days at room temperature and analyzed for different quality parameters. The results showed that post-harvest UV treatment significantly reduced the surface color change of tomatoes whereas the other quality parameters such as TSS, titratable acidity, pH and TSS/acidity ratio were not influenced. This indicates that ripening process had similar pace in both control and UV treated fruits. Apparent firmness observed in the irradiated fruits was not reflected in the objectively measured firmness values. Today, estimation of antioxidant activity has become an important parameter to evaluate the nutritional quality of food. In tomato fruit the carotenoid lycopene is the main phytochemical purported to carry benefit to human health. UV treatment induced a significant decrease in the lycopene content of tomatoes in the later stage during handling. The other antioxidant components namely, ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents increased with the increase in storage and ripening period. The significantly
Effets d’un traitement hormesis aux UV-C sur la qualité post-récolte des tomates Les pertes après-récolte des fruits et des légumes sont relativement élevées. Quoique que l’utilisation du froid a permis d’accroître de façon marquée la durée de conservation de plusieurs fruits et légumes, ses effets bénéfiques sont limités sur les produits sensibles au froid comme la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Des essais en laboratoire ont été effectués pour évaluer les effets d’un traitement hormesis au rayonnement ultraviolet (UV-C) sur la qualité de la tomate. Ce traitement aurait pour effet de causer un stress physiologique bénéfique qui se traduirait par une amélioration de la conservation et des qualités nutritives du fruit. Des tomates de variété DRK-453 et ayant atteintes un stage de maturité verte/mature ont été divisées en deux lots. Le premier a été exposé à un traitement hormesis au UV-C (3.7 kJ/m2) tandis que le second a servi de contrôle. Immédiatement après le traitement, tous les fruits ont été entreposés à 13oC et 95% d’humidité relative. Après 10, 20 et 30 jours de conservation au froid, des échantillons de tomates ont été prélevés de façon aléatoire dans chacun des lots. Puis, les fruits ont mûri à la température de la pièce pour une période de 7 ou 14 jours. A la fin du mûrissement, la qualité de conservation et la qualité nutritive ont été évaluées. L’analyse comparative des résultats a indiqué que, chez la tomate, l’exposition à la dose prescrite du rayonnement UV-C réduisait de façon significative le développement de la couleur rouge, mais qu’il n’affectait pas le pH, la fermeté, l’acidité titrable, la teneur total en solides solubles (TSS) et le rapport TSS/acidité. Par conséquence, le processus de mûrissement était similaire pour les fruits traités et non-traités. La tomate contient une quantité appréciable d’antioxydants do

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24

Madumadu, Glynn George. "Inheritance of resistance to Corynebacterium michiganense (E.F. Sm.) H.L. Jens in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and effect of host nutrition (N and CA) on resistance /". The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487259580261617.

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25

Crystal, Susan. "Effect of early pregnancy vomiting on offspring salt taste preference /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9014.

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26

Tangwongchai, Ratchada. "Effect of high pressure treatment on lipoxygenase, pectinmethylesterase activity, flavour and texture of cherry tomatoes". Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312573.

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27

Mitchell, Muriel. "Effect of whey protein fortification on selected quality characteristics of some formulated tomato-whey beverages /". The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143147454.

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28

Marvar, Paul J. "Effect of high salt intake on arteriolar responses to metabolic stimuli". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4696.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 197 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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29

Drake, Arly Marie. "EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON CREEPING BENTGRASS GROWTH AND HEALTH DURING HEAT, SALT, AND COMBINED HEAT AND SALT STRESS". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1546450732510932.

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30

Thompson, Christopher. "The Effect of Phosphorous Placement & Rate on Phosphorus Uptake, & Growth & Yield of Tomatoes". TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2931.

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Research was undertaken in the summer of 1989 to determine the effect of phosphorus placement on the yield and quality of field grown tomatoes Lycopersicon esculentum. A subsequent study was undertaken in the winter of 1989 to determine the effect of phosphorus rate and placement on the early growth and phosphorus uptake of young tomatoes in the greenhouse. The purpose of this study was to attempt to find the most efficient placement and rate of supplemental phosphorus when growing tomatoes. It has been shown that placing phosphorus in a concentrated zone in contact with plant roots results in more growth and fruit yield. The current trial involved the application of phosphorus at different rates and use of different methods of application. The methods of application included broadcasting phosphorus, placing phosphorus in a concentrated band, and combinations of the two. It is of great interest to the tomato producer to know the most efficient rate and placement of fertilizer phosphorus. Availability of phosphorus is necessary for the proper development of the tomato and a good supply is needed for adequate yield and quality. If improved application methods are developed, perhaps higher yields and improved fruit quality can be realized. This could possibly result in higher production for the producer and more satisfaction for consumers. The results of the field study were not statistically significant. One reason for the lack of any yield response was the greatly reduced yields caused by hail damage and fungal disease. Surprisingly, the greenhouse study showed that significant growth increase resulted from phosphorus broadcast treatments. One explanation may be the small volume of soil used in this study. The plant roots were distributed throughout the entire soil volume in contrast to the situation with widely spaced field grown tomatoes. Thus, the broadcast treatments achieved more root-fertilizer contact in the greenhouse pot cultures.

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31

Bristow, Gwendolyn. "The effect of tidal forcing on iron cycling in intertidal salt marsh sediments". Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07102006-112540/.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Dr. Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Committee Member ; Dr. Ellery Ingall, Committee Member ; Dr. Martial Taillefert, Committee Chair.

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32

McKimmie, Timothy Irving 1948. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276348.

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33

Kalifa, Ali. "Salt stress, and phosphorus absorption by potato plants cv. 'Russet Burbank'". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29727.pdf.

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34

Khrais, Tala. "Evaluation of salt tolerance in potato (Solanum spp.)". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23901.

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This research was carried out to identify salt tolerant potato genotypes in vitro among 131 tetraploid potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum), 9 diploid simple hybrid clones (4 clones of S. chacoense $ times$ S. tuberosum, 4 clones of S. phureja/S. stenotomum $ times$ S. tuberosum, and 1 clone of S. tuberosum $ times$ S. tuberosum), 1 primitive cultivated diploid S. phureja/S. stenotomum accession, 12 tetraploid complex hybrids, and 13 diploid S. chacoense accessions. Four levels of NaCl (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM) were used. The cultivars, and the simple and complex hybrids were tested for salt tolerance at the vegetative stage in the nodal cutting bioassay. The thirteen S. chacoense accessions were tested for salt tolerance at the germination and early seedling growth stage, in a seedling bioassay. Eleven of these S. chacoense accessions were further tested at the vegetative stage, in the nodal cutting bioassay. There was a progressive decline in the morphological parameters measured, with increased salt levels, in the nodal cutting bioassay. The parameters were used collectively in ranking the different genotypes, averaged over three NaCl levels (40, 80, and 120 mM). Twenty potato cultivars, two clones of the simple hybrid S. chacoense $ times$ S. tuberosum, and one complex hybrid were all considered salt tolerant at the vegetative stage. Ranking of seven S. chacoense accessions was similar between early seedling growth and later vegetative stage. Two of these accessions were promising as sources of salt tolerance.

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35

Alm, David Michael. "Comparison and interaction of heat and salt stress in cultured tobacco cells". Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/445616.

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Cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv Wisconsin-38) were subjected to temporary sub-lethal heat and salt shock treatments to determine the effects of these treatments on various physiological parameters after subsequent lethal heat or salt stresses. Tobacco cells developed a tolerance to a non-permissive temperature stress (54C for 14 min) when pretreated with heat shock of 38C for 2h but not when pretreated at 42C for 2h. Cells pretreated at 38 (2h) exhibited less than 30% normal growth when the 54C stress came immediately after the 38C treatment. Tolerance to the 54C stress developed with increased interval between shock and stress with cells exhibiting 95% normal regrowth when the 54C stress was administered 8h after the 38C shock. The developement of heat tolerance was inhibited if heat shock was done in the presence of a non-injuring level of EGTA (.0.5mM). Cells treated with EGTA during heat shock grew normally at 23C but not after a 54C heat stress. EDTA (0.5mM) had little effect on the acquisition of tolerance to heat stress.Wisconsin-38 cells developed a tolerance to a non-permissive salt stress (2% NaCl for 16h) when pretreated at a lower salt level (1.2% NaCl) for 3h. Cells heat shocked at 38C exhibited increased tolerance of the lethal salt stress up to 8h. Conversely, cells heat shocked at 42C exhibited immediate tolerance to lethal salt stress and this tolerance decayed over eight hours. The heat shock-induced acquisition of salt tolerance was inhibited by both EGTA and EDTA.Proteins synthesized during heat and salt stress treatments were labeled with [35S]-methionine and/or [3H]-leucine and separated using Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fluorographic analysis of the gels indicate that a number of proteins are produced in response to heat shock. Similar analysis of proteins from salt shocked cells indicates that no salt shock proteins are produced in response to a brief low-level sodium chloride shock.

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36

Attumi, Al-Arbe. "Effect of salt stress on phosphorus and sodium absorptions by soybean plants". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20242.

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The radiotracer methodology was combined with the Hoagland solution culture of growing soybean in a greenhouse to investigate the absorptions of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na) as a function of salinity. Salt stress was varied by using zero to 120 mM NaCl. The research was initiated because of a need to increase soybean production in the saline soils of the semi-arid regions of the world. Although P absorption increased with time at each concentration of NaCl, increasing its concentrations ([NaCl]) to 120 mM reduced P uptake considerably. The addition of inorganic P (Pi) to the salt medium improved P absorption significantly (P < 0.0001) in stem, petiole, and roots. Polynomial regressions showed the relationship between 22Na activity and [NaCl] for leaves and petiole to be cubic (R2 = 1) while in the stem a quadratic relationship prevailed. A maximum of P and Na absorption was observed at 40 mM NaCl. The relationship between 32P activity and increasing [NaCl] was linear for the roots (a positive slope) and the stem (a negative slope). 45Ca and 32P dual labelling part of the experiments failed to produce results because an unexpectedly high degree of tissue quenching which prevented from obtaining the minimum counting requirements for separation. Shoot fresh and dry weights decreased linearly with increasing [NaCl] as did the root fresh and dry weights. Leaf chlorophyll content during the last week of the final harvest showed a linear relationship with time. Chlorophyll increased with time linearly when the growth medium contained zero and 40 mM NaCl; whereas a negative slope was obtained for 80 and 120 mM NaCl. It seems that P fertilization of the soil could ameliorate the salt effect. 22 Na uptake results indicated that there is a mechanism for exclusion of Na from soybean plant parts.

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37

Njenga, H. N. "Low pressure and salt effect on the ethanol-water vapour-liquid equilibrium". Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638334.

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Vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the ethanol-water system were obtained at 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 300 and 500 mm Hg absolute pressure. No azeotrope was detected at 70 and 80 mm Hg. Azeotropic data were estimated at other experimental pressures. The VLE data were obtained using a modified Othmer still. A computerised and automatic pressure control system was integrated into the still. An effective Cottrell pump and a new vacuum sampling technique were also incorporated. The data were successfully tested for thermodynamic consistency and thereafter correlated with the NRTL, the Wilson and expansions of the Margules and van Laar equations. The two-parameter Margules and the Wilson equations gave poor correlations. The two-parameter van Laar equation gave relatively good performance. The NRTL and the four-parameter Margules equations gave performances comparable with those of the van Laar equations. After observing the failure of the above equations to predict the correct azeotropic composition, two azeotrope-embedded equations based on the four-parameter Margules and van Laar equations were proposed and tried. Vapour pressure data for ethanol and for water containing between 0 and 0.113 mole fraction potassium acetate were obtained and correlated with the Antoine equation. The effect of potassium acetate on the VLE of the ethanol-water system was studied. Data at 0.053, 0.072, 0.097 and 0.113 mole fraction potassium acetate were obtained. These salt concentrations broke the azeotrope and significantly enhanced the VLE. Minima were observed in the temperature-composition data above 0.8 mole fraction ethanol. The experimental vapour pressure data were used in the correlation of the ternary VLE data using the special binary approach. The correlation was good at low ethanol and salt concentrations but deteriorated at high ethanol concentrations.

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38

PEREZ, HERNAN EDUARDO EISENHARDT. "SALT CREEP EFFECT ON THE ANNULAR PRESSURE BUILD UP IN SUBSALT WELLS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25705@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Este trabalho apresenta o crescimento de pressão no anular causado pela fluência do sal e relaciona com o cálculo deste fenômeno quanto ao efeito térmico, que é normalmente conhecido por APB (annular pressure build-up). Este fenômeno não é modelado em softwares comerciais e deve ser considerado em poços de pré-sal. O cálculo de APB considera três mecanismos geradores de pressão no anular: expansão térmica do fluido do anular, expansão do tubing e influxo e efluxo do fluido confinado no anular. Mudanças no volume do anular, causados pela fluência do sal, podem ser tratadas como um quarto mecanismo, equivalente ao influxo de fluido no cálculo do APB. O cálculo deste fenômeno pode ser incorporado a um modelo de cálculo acoplado ( multistring casing design ) através da programação do APB causado pelo efeito de expansão térmica dos fluidos confinados e o APB causado pela fluência do sal. Para isso é necessário adotar um modelo constitutivo para descrever o comportamento de fluência desta rocha em função do estado de tensão, perfil de temperatura, tipo de sal, tempo decorrido, energia de ativação e outros fatores. Os efeitos de APB devido à fluência do sal podem ser mais pronunciados quando a sapata do revestimento é assentada em um intervalo de sal com elevado gradiente de sobrecarga e elevado gradiente geotérmico. Não considerar o efeito da fluência do sal no crescimento de pressão do anular (APB) pode causar um dimensionamento inadequado de revestimento ou packoff e levar a perda da integridade do poço.
This paper presents the annular pressure build-up caused by salt creep and link to current calculation of this phenomenon due to thermal effect, which is commonly known as APB. This phenomenon is not currently modeled on commercial software and should be considered in subsalt wells. The calculation of APB considers three generator mechanisms: thermal expansion of annular fluid, influx or efflux and tubing buckling. Changes in the annular volume, caused by salt creep, may be treated as a fourth mechanism, equivalent to the influx in current calculation of APB. The calculation of this phenomenon can be incorporated into a multistring casing design model by programming the thermal expansion effect and the APB caused by salt creep. This requires adopting a constitutive model to describe the creep behavior of rock for differential stress, temperature profile, salt type, salt thermal activation and other factors. When the casing shoe is seated in deep salt sections with high overburden gradient and high temperature from the produced hydrocarbons, effects of APB due to salt creep and thermal effects may be more pronounced. Not considering the salt creep effect in the annular pressure build-up (APB) can lead to inadequate casing design and possible loss of well integrity.

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39

Chormova, Dimitra. "Effect of Nitrogen & Potassium Supply on Greenhouse Tomatoes in Relation to Plant Growth, Yield & Quality". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525088.

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40

Guo, Kunmei. "Functional assessment of the role of cyclic nucleotide-gates channel (CNGC10) and salt overly sensitive (SOS1) antiporter in salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis". University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0063.

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Control of intracellular ion homeostasis is pivotal to plant salt tolerance. Plants have developed a number of mechanisms to keep ions at appropriate concentrations. Both transporters and channels on the plasma membrane play important roles in this function. Plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) in the plasma membrane are non-selective monovalent and divalent cation channels. So far, most studies on plant CNGCs have been conducted on heterologous systems. In planta, reverse genetic studies revealed the role of different CNGCs in cation uptake, transport and homeostasis. However, there is little information available about the functional characteristics of plant CNGCs. Among the 20 members of this protein family in Arabidopsis, only AtCNGC2 has been functionally identified as an ion channel; therefore, more functional characterization needs to be done on other members of this protein family. Several CNGCs were suggested to be involved in K+, Ca2+ and Na+ uptake and transport, but available information is scarce. This study investigated the relationship between CNGC10 and ion transport in Arabidopsis, with a particular emphasis on the involvement of CNGC10 in salt tolerance. Arabidopsis thaliana wild type (WT) and two AtCNGC10 antisense lines (A2 and A3) were used to characterise the impact of different level of salt stress on (i) root growth, ion concentration in tissues, ion fluxes across the root surface and intracellular ion concentration and pH at the seedling stage, and (ii) photosynthesis and ion concentration in tissues at the flowering stage. Plants of both antisense lines had higher K+ and lower Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in shoots than WT plants when grown in non-salt control 1/4 Hoagland solution. Altered K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ internal concentrations in AtCNGC10 antisense lines compared with WT plants under non-salt conditions indicated disturbed long distance ion transport, especially xylem loading/retrieval and/or phloem loading. The results of ion fluxes across the root surface also suggested that AtCNGC10 might be involved in transport of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in tissue. Under sudden salt exposure, higher Na+ efflux and smaller K+ efflux in both antisense lines suggested that AtCNGC10 channels are involved in Na+ and K+ transport. The shoots of AtCNGC10 antisense lines A2 and A3 contained higher Na+ concentrations and significantly higher Na+/K+ ratios compared to WT, resulting in impaired photosynthesis and increased salt sensitivity in A2 and A3 than in WT plants. In contrast, seedlings of both antisense lines exposed to salt stress had lower shoot Na+/K+ ratios and longer roots than WT seedlings, indicating that A2 and A3 were more salt-tolerant than WT in the seedling stage, likely because growth is less dependent on photosynthesis in the seedling than in the flowering stage. These results suggested CNGC gene might play a different role during different developmental stages and in various plant organs.

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41

Aruscavage, Daniel. "Effect of bacterial phytopathogen damage on the survival and proliferation of Escherichia coli O157 in the phyllosphere of lettuce and tomato plants". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186675048.

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42

Al-Hagdow, Moftah Moh. "Interactions between sodium and potassium in micropropagated potato cultivars differing in salinity tolerance". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20554.

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The response of in vitro-grown Solanum tuberosum L., cvs. Russet Burbank (RB) (salt-sensitive) and Sierra (S) (salt-tolerant) potatoes was investigated when [NaCl] was increased from 0 to 80 mM in the presence of 6, 20, and 30 mM [K] in a Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. The tested growth parameters, Mg and Ca content, and K+/Na + ratios in the laminae and the roots were negatively affected as [NaCl] increased. The salt stress was relatively severe on growth of RB plants whereas the salt-tolerant (S) variety was affected to a lesser extent. There were indications that Na in the plant may promote Na translocation. In both cultivars, 22Na was not distributed equally in all plant parts; the lower lamina accumulated the highest amount (216 and 183 DPM mg -1 FW) followed by stem (197 and 182), petioles (187 and 168), and the upper lamina (149 and 121) for RB and S, respectively.
The salt resistance of S is associated not only with a superior capacity to accumulate high Na+ in the roots for osmotic adjustment, but also with resistance to Na movement to the shoot.
The effect of [K] on plant growth showed two main characteristics. In non-saline media, increasing [K] enhanced growth of S, while RB showed optimum growth when the normal (20 mM) level was present in the MS medium. In saline media, elevating [K] alleviated the growth reduction of RB at low salinity, and S at both low and high salinity. This ameliorative effect of K may be attributed to the suppression of both Na+ uptake, and Na + translocation in the plant.

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43

LEDBETTER, CRAIG ALLEN. "HERITABILITY OF SALT TOLERANCE DURING GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE IN SHORT STAPLE COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183961.

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Soil salinity is a serious problem for farmers in irrigated agriculture. Soil salts cause reduced stands and yields because of toxic ion and osmotic problems for surviving seedlings. The tolerance to sodium chloride during germination and emergence was studied in three commercial cultivars of short staple cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). It is this stage of the life cycle that cotton is most sensitive to salts in the soil solution. The objectives of this study were to increase the tolerance to sodium chloride during germination and emergence and to determine the narrow sense heritability of this factor. Parental cultivars initially demonstrated 15% emergence at -1.2 MPa NaCl. Surviving salt tolerant plants were planted in the field and seeds from these plants were used as the germplasm for the next cycle of salt tolerance selection. Experiments were conducted to determine the relative salt tolerance of all plants at -1.2, -1.4, -1.6, and -1.8 MPa NaCl. Emergence of salt tolerant accessions from the first cycle of selection ranged from 3.1 to 25.8% in the first relative salt tolerance experiment. The average emergence of all accessions taken over all four salinity levels was 8.9% for first cycle plants. After a second cycle of selection for salt tolerance, the average emergence percentage increased to 13.0% over the four salinity levels. Emergence ranged from 0.7 to 32.6% in the second relative salt tolerance experiment. Narrow sense heritability of sodium chloride tolerance during germination and emergence was estimated at 0.38 using data from the first and second relative salt tolerance experiments.

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44

Zhou, Maoqian 1961. "Nitrogen fixation by alfalfa as affected by salt stress and nitrogen levels". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277231.

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The growth and Nitrogen fixation by one low salt tolerant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and two germination salt tolerant selections inoculated with were investigated at two salt levels (0, -0.6 Mpa) and two N rates (1, 5ppm) using a system which automatically recirculates a nutrient solution. The high level of salinity (-0.6 Mpa osmotic potential of culture solution) resulted in substantial reduction in the N fixation percentage and total fixed N. The effect of salinity was more pronounced for later cuttings than for the earlier cutting. The N fixation percentages were substantially decreased by increasing N level and the reduction was enhanced by time. The N treatment levels did not exhibit a significant effect on total fixed N. Cultivars did not differ in either growth or N fixation. However, the interaction of N and salinity significantly decreased the percentage and amount of N fixation.

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45

Posselt, Julia Rebekka. "Influence of giant sea salt aerosols on global precipitation and aerosol indirect effect /". Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17467.

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46

Andrade, Maria Isabel. "PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT TOLERANCE IN GUAR, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA (L.) TAUB". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275416.

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47

Burke, R. M. "The effect of sodium chloride on the growth of Debaryomyces hansenii". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380075.

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48

Robinson, David Lowell 1955. "RECURRENT SELECTION FOR GERMINATION SALT TOLERANCE IN ALFALFA (SALINITY, FORAGES, BREEDING)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277015.

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49

Zhang, Yanling 1955. "Development of in vitro bioassays for determination of salinity tolerance in potato (Solanum spp.)". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35659.

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Salinity problems seriously affect agricultural production by reducing crop yield and arable land. The evaluation of potato genotypes (Solanum spp.) for their salinity (NaCl) tolerance in conventional field trials is time consuming and labour intensive. The results are often confounded by many field and environmental variations. In vitro bioassays can overcome some of these difficulties by providing faster, more convenient and dependable methods for screening and selection of salt tolerant potato genotypes. The objective of this research was to develop in vitro bioassay methods for screening and selection of salt tolerant potato. Under in vitro NaCl stress conditions, seed germination, early seedling growth, and single-node cutting bioassays were used to evaluate salinity tolerance. The selected genotypes were further tested with three in vitro bioassays (single-node cuttings, root tip segments, and microtuberization). The rankings of potato cultivar salinity tolerance were similar in these bioassays. The single-node cutting bioassay was recommended because it was simpler to perform than the root tip segment and microtuberization bioassays and did not exclude certain genotypes as did the microtuberization bioassay. The in vitro bioassay rankings were compared with yield ranking in field lysimeters. In both the in vitro and in vivo saline stress experiments, cvs. Kennebec and Russet Burbank were more salt tolerant than Norland. The tubers and microtubers harvested from previous experiments were tested in the greenhouse to investigate salinity carry-over effect for seed tuber production. There was no apparent residual carry-over effect found. Microtuber yield increase in the presence of low NaCl concentration was induced primarily by specific ion (Na+), and not osmotic effects. This research clearly indicated that in vitro bioassays are relatively simple, rapid, convenient, repeatable, and agree with the field lysimeter results. They can be used to substitute for f

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El-Sheikh, Medhat. "Studies on the cellular and molecular basis of salt resistance in a halotolerant Arabidopsis thaliana cell line". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274256.

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