Tesi sul tema "Togers"

The global requirement for sustainable energy provision will become increasingly important over the next fifty years as the environmental effects of fossil fuel use become apparent. Therefore, the issues surrounding integration of renewable energy supplies need to be considered carefully. The focus of this work was the development of an innovative computer aided design of a 3 Dimensional renewable energy platform for Togo’s smart grid power system infrastructure. It demonstrates its validation for industrial, commercial and domestic applications. The Wind, Hydro, and PV system forming our 3 Dimensional renewable energy power generation systems introduces a new path for hybrid systems which extends the system capacities to include, a stable and constant clean energy supply, a reduced harmonic distortion, and an improved power system efficiency. Issues requiring consideration in high percentage renewable energy systems therefore includes the reliability of the supply when intermittent sources of electricity are being used, and the subsequent necessity for storage and back-up generation The adoption of Genetic algorithms in this case was much suited in minimizing the THD as the adoption of the CHB-MLI was ideal for connecting renewable energy sources with an AC grid. Cascaded inverters have also been proposed for use as the main traction drive in electric vehicles, where several batteries or ultra-capacitors are well suited to serve as separate DC sources. The simulation done in various non-linear load conditions showed the proportionality of an integral control based compensating cascaded passive filter thereby balancing the system even in non-linear load conditions. The measured total harmonic distortion of the source currents was found to be 2.36% thereby in compliance with IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-3 standards for harmonics This work has succeeded in developing a more complete tool for analysing the feasibility of integrated renewable energy systems. This will allow informed decisions to be made about the technical feasibility of supply mix and control strategies, plant type, sizing and storage sizing, for any given area and range of supply options. The developed 3D renewable energy platform was examined and evaluated using CAD software analysis and a laboratory base mini test. The initial results showed improvements compared to other hybrid systems and their existing control systems. There was a notable improvement in the dynamic load demand and response, stability of the system with a reduced harmonic distortion. The derivatives of this research therefore proposes an innovative solution and a path for Togo and its intention of switching to renewable energy especially for its smart grid power system infrastructure. It demonstrates its validation for industrial, commercial and domestic applications.

Hösten 1753 utlyste drottning Lovisa Ulrikas Witterhetsakademi en tävling där de deltagande skulle skriva om ett (eller flera) av tre ämnen: en historisk uppsats på prosa, en skönlitterär behandling på prosa, och ett ”Poeme öfwer Konung Carl Gustafs Tåg med sin Krigshär öfwer Bälterna år 1658”. Ett av de bidrag som kom in till tävlingen, om än för sent för att delta, var Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflychts bidrag Konung Carl Gustafs tog öfwer Bält 1658.1 Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht var 1700-talets mest kända kvinnliga författare och känd för bland annat Den sörjande Turtur-Duvan, Fruentimrets försvar och Tankar om lovskrifter över de Döde, men allt hon skrev har inte fallit litteraturhistorikerna på läppen. Ett sådant exempel är Konung Carl Gustafs tog öfwer Bält, som sågats ganska grundligt.

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Neste trabalho, analisamos a governança eleitoral exercida pelo TRE/PA, especialmente o seu nível de isenção no contencioso eleitoral (rule adjudication) concernente aos pleitos majoritários (governador e senador) de 1982 e 1986, com retrospecto no período de 1945 a 1965 - o primeiro momento de atuação contínua e prolongada da Justiça Eleitoral num contexto democrático, isto é, antes do Golpe Militar de 1964. Partimos do pressuposto segundo o qual, dada a peculiar composição da Justiça Eleitoral, que funciona tomando de empréstimo magistrados da justiça comum - sendo os TRE‟s compostos, em sua maioria, por membros dos tribunais de justiça estaduais -, somado ao padrão de relacionamento executivo-judiciário estadual, em que, historicamente, constatamos uma hipertrofia do primeiro em relação ao segundo poder, estimamos existir uma grande probabilidade de favorecimento do TRE aos candidatos majoritários do partido governamental. Esta circunstância seria agravada no período histórico em tela, em vista da enorme ingerência do executivo estadual sobre o respectivo poder judiciário, verificada anteriormente à promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Com efeito, encontramos fortes indícios a corroborar esta hipótese no período 1945-65, mas não encontramos evidências suficientes para sustentá-la por ocasião dos pleitos de 1982 e 1986. No pleito de 1982, o TRE manifestou razoável grau de isenção e coerência em seus acórdãos, exceto em dois processos semelhantes: um deles provocado pelo PDS e o outro pelo PMDB, ambos envolvendo um número expressivo de votos. O PMDB, partido então patrocinado pelo governador, venceu a lide, enquanto o PDS, o partido oposicionista, foi derrotado. No tocante, ao pleito de 1986, observamos uma disposição da Corte para denegar os pedidos propostos pelas legendas oposicionistas, sobretudo o PT e o extinto PMB, ainda que não tenha sido possível demonstrar um claro favorecimento ao partido governamental.
In this work, we analyze the electoral governance exercised by the TRE-PA (Electoral Regional Court at Pará State, Brazil), particularly its exemption level in electoral disputes concerning elections to the governor and senator, 1982 and 1986, with hindsight the period 1945 to 1965 - the first time to work continuous and prolonged of Electoral Justice system in a democratic context, before the Military Coup of 1964. We assume according to which, given the peculiar composition of the Electoral Justice system, which works borrowing judges from common law courts, and the Regional Electoral courts composed mostly of members of the state courts of justice, coupled with the pattern of relationship executive-judiciary state system, historically characterized by the subordination of the second by first power, there is a high probability of favoring the TRE/PA to majority candidates (Governor and Senator) of the ruling party, a circumstance aggravated by the historical period in depth, considering the massive interference of the state executive power on its judiciary, observed previously the promulgation of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. However, although there is strong evidence to corroborate this hypothesis in the period 1945-65, we found no evidence to support it during the elections of 1982 and 1986. In 1982, the TRE showed a reasonable degree of impartiality and consistency in their judgments, except in two similar cases: one caused by the PDS and the other by the PMDB, both involving a significant number of votes. The PMDB party, sponsored by the then governor, won the deal, while the PDS, the opposition party, was defeated. With regard to the election of 1986, we observe a provision of the court to deny the requests proposed by the legends opposition, especially the PT and PMB extinguished, although it is not possible to demonstrate a clear bias to the ruling party.

Vad hände med leopardens döttrar? En kulturpsykologisk analys av kvinnorollen inom Bénin och Togos Vodoukult. (What happened to the daughters of the Leopard? A cultural psychological analysis of the role of women in Bénin and Togo´s Vodoucult). Syftet med studien var att öka förståelsen för hur Vodoukulten kan bidra till hur kvinnorollen uttrycks och manifesteras. Det uppnåddes genom kvinnornas och andra utövares berättelser, samt iakttagelser av hur rollen uttrycktes i kulten och om det bidrog till eller frigjorde kvinnorna från etablerade könsroller. Studien utgick från Kvale & Brinkmanns intervjumetodik. Intervjuerna med informanterna och observationerna var viktiga för förståelsen av hur kulturen formade deltagarnas uppfattning om sig själv, samhället och religionen. Undersökningen utgick från Belzens tolkning av kulturpsykologi, Bourdieus teori om habitus, samt Lacans symbolic order. Studien tar också upp genus som Sky definierar den. Slutsatsen blev att kvinnor bidrar till formandet av sin roll inom Vodoun och att Vodoun är rigid när det kommer till könsroller.

Sverige har bidragit med trupp till internationella insatser sedan 1950-talet. Detta har gjorts med bidrag från framför allt markstridskrafter men även med luftstridskrafter. Det dröjer fram till 2006 innan beslut tas om en marin internationell insats i form av korvettförband som bidrag till FN-insatsen UNIFIL i Libanon. Denna insats har fram till idag följts av fyra marina insatser, en förlängning av UNIFIL i Libanon 2007 och tre insatser i Somalia under åren 2009-2013. Beslutet om den marina insatsen i Libanon är för marinen banbrytande. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ge en ökad förståelse och insikt kring bakgrund och orsaker till beslutet. Bakomliggande orsaker till beslut om insats kan förklaras med hjälp av olika teorier och förklaringsmodeller. Denna uppsats använder sig av den amerikanske forskaren Graham Allissons modeller framtagna i boken ”Essence of decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis”. Två av tre modeller används för att anlysera beslutet, the Rational Actor och Organizational Behavior. Resultatet av analysen visar att det fanns en politisk enighet och uttalad målsättning att Sverige skulle bidra till en fredlig lösning i konflikten. Vidare framkommer att det vid tillfället för beslutet fanns få alternativ till det marina korvettförbandet, framför allt beroende på ekonomiska och personella förutsättningar i Försvarsmakten. Allisons modeller har fungerat som analysverktyg för att ge en ökad förståelse och insikt kring bakgrund och orsaker till beslutet. Modellerna ses som kompletterande till varandra då de belyser och framhäver olika aspekter och orsaker till det valda alternativet.

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The Theory of Human and Fundamental Rights, now developed and proclaimed in the world of law, particularly after the break with legal positivism and entry at a time said post-positivist, still lacks enough reflection. Thus, we analyzed the phenomenon of a constitution, including a study of a novel Brazilian Constitution of 1988, addressing important issues inherent in their realization. In this way, we seek to build a Theory of Human Rights and Fundamental more pragmatic, that is, focused on solving the offenses basic rights such as access to health care. In this context, we confront the positively valued health guaranteed access to the public health dilemmas in Brazil, through a review of our health system, comparatively with the Health Systems in the World, in order to determine problems and seek solutions. Similarly, an effective instrument for the execution of guarantees such as access to health, it is sometimes innocuous, why we also write about ensuring access to justice, with a contextualized study of the judicialization of health, trying thus to detect problems and give solutions. From this, we find a common obstacle to the effectiveness of this guarantee: the current model of professional training of doctors and lawyers, which is why we end this study with a reflection on our teaching, on interference by the consumer society in education and the discrepancy between social needs in health and justice and the medical and legal training.
A Teoria dos Direitos Humanos e Fundamentais, ora desenvolvida e proclamada no mundo do Direito, sobretudo após o rompimento com o positivismo jurídico e ingresso em um momento dito pós-positivista, ainda carece de bastante reflexão. Assim, analisamos o fenômeno da constitucionalização, incluindo um estudo sobre a novel Constituição Brasileira de 1988, enfrentando importantes temas inerentes à sua efetivação. Desta maneira, buscamos construir uma Teoria dos Direitos Humanos e Fundamentais mais pragmática, isto é, voltada à solucionar ofensas a direitos basilares, como o do acesso à saúde. Neste contexto, confrontamos a positivada garantia de acesso à saúde com os dilemas da saúde pública no Brasil, passando por uma análise do nosso Sistema de Saúde, de forma comparativa com os Sistemas de Saúde no Mundo, a fim de constatar problemas e buscar soluções. Da mesma forma, um eficaz instrumento para efetivação de garantias como o acesso à saúde, por vezes é inócuo, razão pela qual igualmente arrazoamos sobre a garantia do acesso à Justiça, com um estudo contextualizado na judicialização da saúde, tratando, portanto, de detectar problemas e propor soluções. A partir disso, verificamos um empecilho comum à efetivação dessa garantia: o atual modelo de formação profissional tanto de médicos quanto de juristas, razão pela qual terminamos o presente estudo com uma reflexão sobre nosso ensino, sobre a ingerência da sociedade de consumo na educação, bem como sobre a discrepância entre as necessidades sociais em saúde e por justiça e a formação médica e jurídica.

A Teoria dos Direitos Humanos e Fundamentais, ora desenvolvida e proclamada no mundo do Direito, sobretudo após o rompimento com o positivismo jurídico e ingresso em um momento dito pós-positivista, ainda carece de bastante reflexão. Assim, analisamos o fenômeno da constitucionalização, incluindo um estudo sobre a novel Constituição Brasileira de 1988, enfrentando importantes temas inerentes à sua efetivação. Desta maneira, buscamos construir uma Teoria dos Direitos Humanos e Fundamentais mais pragmática, isto é, voltada à solucionar ofensas a direitos basilares, como o do acesso à saúde. Neste contexto, confrontamos a positivada garantia de acesso à saúde com os dilemas da saúde pública no Brasil, passando por uma análise do nosso Sistema de Saúde, de forma comparativa com os Sistemas de Saúde no Mundo, a fim de constatar problemas e buscar soluções. Da mesma forma, um eficaz instrumento para efetivação de garantias como o acesso à saúde, por vezes é inócuo, razão pela qual igualmente arrazoamos sobre a garantia do acesso à Justiça, com um estudo contextualizado na judicialização da saúde, tratando, portanto, de detectar problemas e propor soluções. A partir disso, verificamos um empecilho comum à efetivação dessa garantia: o atual modelo de formação profissional tanto de médicos quanto de juristas, razão pela qual terminamos o presente estudo com uma reflexão sobre nosso ensino, sobre a ingerência da sociedade de consumo na educação, bem como sobre a discrepância entre as necessidades sociais em saúde e por justiça e a formação médica e jurídica.
The Theory of Human and Fundamental Rights, now developed and proclaimed in the world of law, particularly after the break with legal positivism and entry at a time said post-positivist, still lacks enough reflection. Thus, we analyzed the phenomenon of a constitution, including a study of a novel Brazilian Constitution of 1988, addressing important issues inherent in their realization. In this way, we seek to build a Theory of Human Rights and Fundamental more pragmatic, that is, focused on solving the offenses basic rights such as access to health care. In this context, we confront the positively valued health guaranteed access to the public health dilemmas in Brazil, through a review of our health system, comparatively with the Health Systems in the World, in order to determine problems and seek solutions. Similarly, an effective instrument for the execution of guarantees such as access to health, it is sometimes innocuous, why we also write about ensuring access to justice, with a contextualized study of the judicialization of health, trying thus to detect problems and give solutions. From this, we find a common obstacle to the effectiveness of this guarantee: the current model of professional training of doctors and lawyers, which is why we end this study with a reflection on our teaching, on interference by the consumer society in education and the discrepancy between social needs in health and justice and the medical and legal training.