Articoli di riviste sul tema "Tobacco habit Treatment"
Segui questo link per vedere altri tipi di pubblicazioni sul tema: Tobacco habit Treatment.
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 articoli di riviste per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Tobacco habit Treatment".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi gli articoli di riviste di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
1
Jethva, Disha D., Bharati S. Rathod e Ashi R. Thobias. "Clinical Relevance of Cotinine and Nicotine Levels as Tobacco Exposure Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Patients". International Journal of Research and Review 9, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2022): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220234.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Oral cancer is cause mainly due to habits of tobacco consumption and it is a major health hazard across the world. The death rate due to the disease is also very high. However, the association of tobacco exposure with stage of the disease and treatment outcome is not reported. Therefore, we assessed correlation between levels of tobacco exposure with the disease status and treatment outcome in oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Urine samples were collected from enrolled pre-therapeutic oral cancer patients (N=96), healthy individuals with tobacco habits (N=19) and healthy individuals without tobacco habits (N=14). Urinary nicotine and cotinine levels were analyzed as indicators of tobacco exposure by HPLC methods. Data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS statistics version 20.0. Results: Present study revealed that tobacco exposure levels were significantly higher in oral cancer patients and healthy individuals with tobacco habits as compared to healthy individuals without tobacco habits. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis revealed that tobacco exposure levels have a good discriminatory efficacy between healthy individuals without habit of tobacco and oral cancer patients as well as between healthy individuals without habit of tobacco and healthy individuals with habits of tobacco. Kaplan Meier survival curve analysis also revealed that patients who were having higher tobacco exposure levels at the time of diagnosis showed worse survival than patients who were having lower tobacco exposure levels. Conclusion: Tobacco exposure levels could be a simple, non-invasive and cost effective prognostic biomarker for management of oral cancer. Keywords: Tobacco exposure, Cotinine, Nicotine, HPLC, ELISA, Oral Cancer, Urinary biomarker.
2
Kulasekhar, M., e K. Dasaratharamaih. "Health Problems of Slum Dwelling Women: An Empirical Analysis". Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, n. 3 (1 giugno 2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i3.2440.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The slum dwellers are generally suffering from various diseases with a high rate comparatively non-slum population in urban India. The women living in slum areas are mainly suffering from seasonal viral fevers, cough and cold, asthma, and other infectious diseases. The study shows that 39 % of slum women have poor health status. The reasons for poor health among slum women are malnutrition, unhygienic condition, lack of precautionary measures, and bad habits among them. About 37% of SC women, 30% each of ST and BC slum women, and 20% of OC women are frequently falling sick with various diseases. It is observed that 31% of the slum-dwelling women are getting treatment from RMP doctors, followed by 30% of slum women from private allopathy doctors, and only 18% of slum women are visiting Govt. hospital for their medical treatment. Only 29% of slum women are regularly visiting hospitals for their medical checkups. A majority of 62% of slum women have a habit of consuming alcohol and tobacco-related products, and out of them, 79% of women are facing health problems due to a habit of consuming alcohol and tobacco.
3
Borkhataria, Bhavna, Jaydev Dhameliya, Devisha Mavani e Juhi Dhameliya. "Effects of tobacco chewing habits on male infertility". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, n. 7 (26 giugno 2020): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20202900.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: It is the fact that, India consists of world’s largest tobacco chewer population, more prevalent in low income group. The effects of tobacco chewing on semen parameters have been widely studied. The study aim is to analyze the semen analysis parameters (oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia -OATS and azoospermia) of tobacco chewer and non chewer infertile patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 639 patients was done out of which 150 were non-chewers and 489 were tobacco chewers. The percentage of population with particular semen abnormalities were compared between the two groups. The same comparison was performed between tobacco chewing primary infertility and secondary infertility patients in order to specifically assess the effect of tobacco chewing in sub-fertile patients.Results: OATS and azoospermia cases were significantly higher in the tobacco chewing infertile patients as compared to oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia cases. In case of sub-fertile patients also, the percentage of OATS and azoospermia were significantly higher.Conclusions: This finding suggest that tobacco chewing greatly affects every parameter of sperm i.e. concentration, motility and morphology collectively. Moreover, tobacco chewing may be less affecting the male fertility initially but prolonged exposures affects detrimentally resulting in serious semen parameter abnormalities such as OATS and even azoospermia. And such cases are difficult to treat even with higher and advanced infertility treatment options like ICSI, microfludics, etc. This reduces the chances of IVF success as well as increases the financial burden on the patients undergoing infertility treatment. Thus, infertility clinics must employ awareness programs for such patients to explain them the effects of tobacco chewing habit and reducing it can definitely enhance the treatment outcomes.
4
D. Somathunga, E. A. Shanika, D. M. Sithara H. Dissanayaka, D. R. Dilini L. Ratnayake e Ruwan D. Jayasinghe. "Awareness of Oral Cancer and OPMDs among Patients Attending the University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 6, n. 1 (26 marzo 2021): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2021.6.1.47-51.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: To assess awareness of oral cancer and OPMDs among patients attending for dental treatment at the University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya. Methods and materials: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 500 randomly selected outpatients attended the University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. The questionnaire included questions to ascertain information on socio-demographic parameters, awareness of oral cancer and OPMDs, habits of betel chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption.Results: 43.2% of the respondents were satisfactorily aware of the possibility of occurrence of oral cancer and OPMDs. From all the individuals who were participated to this questionnaire, 16 (3.2%) of individuals have a habit of betel chewing, 4.2% of individuals have a habit of smoking and 8.3% of individuals have a habit of alcohol consumption, respectively while having a satisfactory awareness about oral cancer and OPMDs. Conclusions: This survey revealed that most of the patients attending the hospital were not in a satisfied level of awareness about oral cancer and OPMDs. Knowledge about the causal relationships with betel chewing was low compared to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.
5
Thomas, Susan, Jitender Solanki, Geetika Arora, Rinki Hans e Rushabh J. Dagli. "Prevalence of Dental Caries among Prisoners of Central Jail, Jodhpur City, Rajasthan, India". World Journal of Dentistry 5, n. 2 (2014): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1266.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Introduction This study had twin objective first to determine the prevalence of dental caries and second to assess the correlation of duration of imprisonment, adverse habits and duration of adverse habits with dental caries status of prisoners in Central Jail, Jodhpur city, Rajasthan. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 131 male prisoners of Central Jail, Jodhpur city. A pre-designed questionnaire on general information, Tobacco consumption (frequency and duration of intake of Tobacco) and duration of imprisonment was used for the collection of data. The dental caries status was recorded using DMFT index (Henry T Klein, Knutson JW and Carole D Palmer; 1938). Results The total DMFT score was 180 and the average DMFT was 1.37 for the total prison population. A significant association was found between adverse habits and different age groups (χ2 = 16.77, p = 0.033) and between duration of adverse habits and different age groups of prisoners (χ2 = 16.58, p -value = 0.034). Significant correlation was found between adverse habit and duration of adverse habit (p < 0.05) in subjects having dental caries. Conclusion Though the prevalence of dental caries was so high, treatment for the same was not available due to lack of a dental unit in the jail. This highlights the urgent need of dental services in Central jail of Jodhpur city. How to cite this article Hans R, Thomas S, Dagli RJ, Solanki J, Arora G. Prevalence of Dental Caries among Prisoners of Central Jail, Jodhpur City, Rajasthan, India. World J Dent 2014;5(2):92-97.
6
Sanyal, U. "A Unique Approach Toward Cancer and Tobacco Control Using Philately As Innovative Tool". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 ottobre 2018): 131s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.22600.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and context: Presently estimated annual cancer cases in India are ∼1 million new incidences and 0.6 million deaths leading to a serious problem. Tobacco habit is very common in India with estimated 330 million tobacco users and is attributed to ∼45% of all cancers. Presently each year ∼0.9 million Indians die due to tobacco related diseases including cancer. Aim: Thus combined awareness programs on cancer and tobacco are essential to educate people for avoiding risks of cancer and other diseases. Strategy/Tactics: In our unique approach, we have included in the PowerPoint & other presentations anticancer and antitobacco philatelic items along with up-to-date data, pictures etc. Cancer awareness presentation is divided in 28 sections covering cause, treatment, detection etc. emphasizing prevention in respect of dietary and lifestyle habits. In our pioneer paper, we have demonstrated that anticancer and other stamps can be used to describe different aspects of cancer covering 12 sections. Further based on universally accepted “caution” describing seven danger signals of cancer, we have created equivalent words in two Indian languages namely Bengali and Hindi spoken by ∼215 and ∼490 million people worldwide. These are included in our presentations to aware people about its symptoms. Our philatelic display on tobacco is divided in 19 sections including tobacco associated diseases, tobacco and women and children, quitting tips etc. Outcomes: Since 2002, we have conducted ∼230 awareness programs in various organizations in urban and rural areas in individual capacity and as Principal Investigator, Tobacco Cessation Centre, Kolkata, during 2005-09. It is found that irrespective of age and educational status, everybody understands the message conveyed through this visual display. A section of people has quitted the tobacco habit while another section could reduce tobacco consumption significantly. Further we have published 70 and 40 write-ups on cancer and tobacco respectively in several widely circulated Indian newspapers, magazines etc. that have reached the community. We have also delivered radio and TV talks. All these efforts have helped, to some extent, to control cancer and tobacco in India. Based on this work I have received prestigious 'I'm like me' award in the preventive healthcare category of the most circulated Bengali newspaper group in West Bengal. This large collection of stamps on cancer has been recognized as the world Record and published in Limca Book of Records 2018 page 30. What was learned: It is learnt that along with other methods this philatelic approach may be adopted for getting excellent results.
7
Wolff, Fred, John R. Hughes e Susan S. Woods. "New terminology for the treatment of tobacco dependence: a proposal for debate". Journal of Smoking Cessation 8, n. 2 (16 agosto 2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2013.20.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tobacco dependence is characterised as a chronic, relapsing disorder that typically requires multiple quit attempts before successful, long-term abstinence is achieved (Steinberg, Foulds, Richardson, Burke, & Shah, 2006). Best practice, evidence-based treatment includes multiple-session counselling and pharmacotherapy, or the combination of both (Fiore et al., 2008). The field has moved past the notion that tobacco dependence is simply a bad habit, a vice, or a moral deficiency that can be overcome by willpower or education alone (Mars & Ling, 2008). However, the language used in discussing treatment has not always been consistent with this evidence. Some words and phrases used lend themselves to varied meanings, and could lead to significant misunderstanding not only among professionals in the field, but also among the general public (O'Brien, 2010; Davis, 1992; Perkins, 1999; Hughes, 2013). In this paper, we discuss some commonly used, problematic terminology, and suggest more appropriate terms (Table 1).
8
Semenova, Tatyana Valeryevna, Olga Nikolayevna Arzhanova, Olesya Nikolayevna Bespalova, Yuliya Pavlovna Milyutina, Valentina Mikhaylovna Prokopenko, Lyudmila Borisovna Zubzhitskaya e Aleksandr Vartanovich Arutyunyan. "Peculiarities of pregnancy course and pregnancy outcomes in tobacco smoking". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 63, n. 2 (15 giugno 2014): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd63250-58.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tobacco is an urgent problem in Russia and in the world. Recent years have seen increased prevalence of smoking among the population. Tobacco dependence is included in the international classification of diseases, the American Psychiatric Association. From habit associated increase in the frequency of chronic diseases, mortality. In Russia smokes about 30 % of women and half of them continue to smoke during pregnancy. Proved that chronic nicotine intoxication has a negative effect on the pregnancy and fetus, worsens perinatal outcomes. It is also known that when tobacco smoking increases the level of homocysteine in the body, which in turn have toxic effects on vasculature. With many gestational hyperhomocysteinemia associated complications (gestoses, placental insufficiency, miscarriage and other). Already, there are methods of prevention and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia. However, studies on folate metabolism in pregnant smoking a little. No clear approaches to the maintenance and inspection of this group of patients. I would like to draw attention to the state of folate metabolism in pregnant women with nicotine intoxication, reveal features of pregnancy, methods of prevention and treatment of gestational complications.
9
Savin, Sergey Zinovievich, e Evgeniya Valerievna Solodkaya. "Depression and tobacco smoking (analytical review). Part 2". Terapevt (General Physician), n. 10 (1 ottobre 2021): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2110-06.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and the consequent suicidal behavior, an important role belongs to the neurochemical processes and structures of the central nervous system. An analytical study of Russian and foreign literature was carried out to obtain information about the relationship between neurochemical factors in the development of depressive disorders and to elucidate the causes and risk factors of suicidal behavior due to depression and an unhealthy habit common among young people, i.e. tobacco smoking. A systematic search of scientific publications on the neurobiological aspects of the research into the causes and risk factors of depressive spectrum disorders was carried out. The analysis of the results of relevant neurobiological studies in the field of etiology and formation of depressive disorders with suicidal behavior contributes to the development of effective means of prevention and treatment of depressive spectrum disorders.
10
Savin, Sergey Zinovievich, e Evgeniya Valerievna Solodkaya. "Depression and tobacco smoking (analytical review). Part 1". Terapevt (General Physician), n. 10 (1 ottobre 2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2110-05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and the consequent suicidal behavior, an important role belongs to the neurochemical processes and structures of the central nervous system. An analytical study of Russian and foreign literature was carried out to obtain information about the relationship between neurochemical factors in the development of depressive disorders and to elucidate the causes and risk factors of suicidal behavior due to depression and an unhealthy habit common among young people, i.e. tobacco smoking. A systematic search of scientific publications on the neurobiological aspects of the research into the causes and risk factors of depressive spectrum disorders was carried out. The analysis of the results of relevant neurobiological studies in the field of etiology and formation of depressive disorders with suicidal behavior contributes to the development of effective means of prevention and treatment of depressive spectrum disorders.
11
Khan, Falak, Rohitashwa Dana e Pawan Kumar. "Esophageal Cancer in North West India: A Tertiary Care Center Experience of 5 Year". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 6, n. 3 (23 luglio 2021): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2021.6.3.285-288.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Incidence of Esophageal cancer (EC) is increasing now a days and it has became a sixth leading cause of cancer related death in world. EC is associated with multiple risk factors. Despite various advances in the treatment of EC, it remains one of the least responsive tumors to cancer therapy, thereby overall prognosis remains poor. The current status of EC in North West India in relation to the demographics, diagnosis, staging, multimodality treatment, and the future perspectives are discussed. Methods and Materials: This is a retrospective analysis of medical records of the EC patients registered in the Department of Radiation Oncology SMS Medical and Attached Hospitals Jaipur from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: Out of 10,464 patients with various malignancies registered in SMS hospital for radiotherapy via Co-60 technique in the previous 5 years from 2015-2019; 449 were having EC. 40.25% patients were in 6th decade and male to female ratio was 1.49:1. EC was most common in farmers (51.79%) and 76.16% patients were the resident of rural areas addicted with smoking (41.4%) and tobacco chewing (24.7%) habit. Dysphagia was the presenting feature in almost all the patients. Most common type and site of involvement were squamous type (75.72%) and middle third (45.43%) part of the esophagus respectively. 39.19% patients presented in stage III and 24.70% patients in stage IVA. The patients were planned with treatment according to their age, performance status, extent of disease and other co-morbidities. Conclusions: At our centre most of the patients landed up in advanced stage poverty, illiteracy, ignorance, late diagnosis. Majority of the EC patient were addicted with smoking and tobacco chewing habit, hence screening of high risk population and lifestyle modifications limiting the use of tobacco, may help in the early detection and can decrease the mortality related to EC. Careful selection of patients for radical treatment is very important for providing relatively longer disease free interval.
12
Esbensen, B. A., I. K. Roelsgaard, S. K. Larsen e T. Thomsen. "AB1326-HPR TOBACCO ADDICTION IN PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS – FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PATIENTS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (giugno 2020): 1952.2–1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.965.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background:Smoking is one of the most significant modifiable exosomes risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1). Studies suggest that 25-30% of people with RA in Denmark smoke (2). This is almost twice as many as in the background population in Denmark. People with RA have a significant increased risk of severe comorbidity including cardiovascular disease. In addition, there are indications that smokers with RA have a poorer effect of the medical inflammatory treatment compared to non-smokers, and consequently more difficult to achieve remission of the disease activity (3). Tobacco addiction is complex and can be a challenge in smoking cessation. In addition to physiological dependence, habits and social and environmental factors may influence addiction. Tobacco smoking is associated with an addiction to nicotine and it is unexplored how this addiction appears in people with RA.Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine from the patient’s perspective how tobacco addiction appears in people with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:We conducted a qualitative study based on a hermeneutics approach. People with RA who previously had participated in a randomized controlled study (4) about smoking cessation conducted at the Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases at Rigshospitalet, Denmark were recruited for semi-structured interviews.Results:In total, 12 people with RA (50% female) were included in the study. The median age was 62 years and median RA disease duration was 12 years. The degree of physical dependence measured by Fagerströms Test for Nicotine dependence (FTND) was on average: 4.9 (score: 0-10, 0=nonphysical dependence).Three categories of how tobacco addiction appeared emerged during the analysis: 1)It develops into ingrown habitsreferring to the fact that smoking already in adolescence contributes to the development of specific physical, mental and social smoking behavior. Not all individuals considered themselves addicted to nicotine as they did not necessarily connect the nicotine to the ingrown habits. 2)The body craves for nicotinereferring to nicotine proved calming, while a lacking or insufficient dose caused withdrawal symptoms. Furthermore, smoking became a habit where a craving for smoking occurred in certain situations. 3)Ambivalence – for and againstreferring to the physical dependence and smoking habits making a smoking cessation difficult. Dependency to nicotine and challenges to quit smoking led to a feeling of ambivalence and a lack of control.Conclusion:Tobacco addiction appeared as a physical dependence and a habit, which, during a smoking cessation, led to ambivalent feelings. Therefore, based on this study, there is still a need for health professionals to talk to patients about smoking. But also, a need to articulate the complexity of addiction in order to support for smoking cessations. Information should be strengthened in the clinical practice in relation to nicotine’s implication in tobacco addiction as well as the consequences of tobacco smoking for individuals with RA.References:[1]Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TW. Lancet. 2010 ###[2]Loppenthin K, Esbensen BA, Jennum P, Ostergaard M, Tolver A, Thomsen T, et al. Clin Rheumatol. 2015. ###[3]Roelsgaard IK, Ikdahl E, Rollefstad S, Wibetoe G, Esbensen BA, Kitas GD, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019. ###[4]Roelsgaard IK, Thomsen T, Ostergaard M, Christensen R, Hetland ML, Jacobsen S, et al. Trials. 2017;18(1):570.###Disclosure of Interests:None declared
13
Goel, Khushboo, Ranjita Shrestha Gorkhali, Shaili Pradhan e Sujaya Gupta. "Impact of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Periodontal Health: A Review". Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 1, n. 2 (4 dicembre 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v1i2.23552.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tobacco use persists as a chronic global public health concern. The deadly habit affects almost all organs of the body including the oral and periodontal structures. Smoking is established as one of the major preventable etiological risk factors for the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The habit dependence typically requires a continuous assessment and repeated intervention. Emerging evidence has suggested the benefit of smoking cessation on periodontal health that trends for greater probing depth reductions and a favorable response to treatment outcomes. The dental settings are now increasingly being recognized as a place to target patients to quit or even prevent the initiation of smoking habit. The dental practitioner and the periodontal specialist may, therefore play a pivotal role by the inclusion of smoking cessation programs in their daily practice and reduce the major risk involving oral tissues and the systemic health. This review addresses the impact of smoking on periodontal tissues, the effect of smoking cessation protocols to improve periodontal health and the role of professionals in cessation.
14
Manzini, Carlo, Gilda Sandri e Marco Sebastiani. "Buerger’s disease or thromboangiitis obliterans: description of two cases". Beyond Rheumatology 1, n. 2 (20 dicembre 2019): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/br.2019.21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Buerger’s disease, or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), is a segmental non-atherosclerotic occlusive inflammatory condition of small arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities, characterized by thrombosis and recanalization of the affected vessels. It is triggered by substantial exposure to tobacco, especially in males aged from 20 to 50. Currently, the most effective treatment, together with the suspension of the smoking habit, is represented by prostacyclin infusion (Iloprost). We described two cases of Buerger’s disease recently presented to our observation, with some different clinical features and therapeutic pathways.
15
Badzai, A., e O. Scherbіna. "SMOKY WOMEN: TRENDS, CONSEQUENCES AND MOTIVATION OF SMOKING CESSATION". Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 19 (5 agosto 2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.19.2019.06.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. Smoking cigarettes are associated with catastrophic growth of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, oncological pathologies, etc. This habit is devastating not only for smokers, but also for those who do not smoke. The article deals with the distribution of diseases among female smokers, the mechanisms of influence cigarette smoke on. the human body, means of prevention and control of this harmful habit.Purpose. To analyze the prevalence of smoking among women in Ukraine, to identify the attitude towards smoking, its impact on women's health, the scale of medical and social consequences of tobacco smoking for society and the means of prevention. Method. Based on the analysis of domestic and international databases obtained as a result of a broad study of the smoking problem among women in Ukraine, the article reviews and highlights the prevalence of smoking among women. Results. The study analyzed the dangers of smoking habits on the health of female smokers and an understanding of the need to overcome them. Until recently, the sex factor remained undervalued, however, a number of researchers have shown that for the female population there are some differences in the course of health risks, according to individual female psychological and physiological characteristics. The female body is more susceptible to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of tobacco than the male, and the risk of developing illness-related smoking is much higher. Conclusions. In the whole world and in Ukraine, in particular, the prevalence of smoking among women continues to grow, with the simultaneous increase in the intensity of smoking. Awareness of the extremely negative consequences of tobacco smoking for women has led to the creation in many countries of the world of national programs for the prevention and control of smoking. Primary prophylaxis, as well as correction and treatment of already existing malicious habits, will help to extend the expected life expectancy.
16
Kapgate, Tejashree Dashrath. "Effect of Turmeric on Serum Malondialdehyde levels in Oral Submucous Fibrosis". International Journal of Dentistry Research 5, n. 1 (17 maggio 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/dentistry.2020.5107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Aspergillus flavous in betel nut secretes aflatoxin i.e. mycotoxin & tobacco which leads to production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, thus increasing lipid peroxidation. Biological parameter of Lipid peroxidation is malondialdehyde. Hence present study was conducted to evaluate effect of turmeric on increased lipid peroxidation by using serum malondialdehyde levels & as a surrogate outcome on clinical signs & symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Methods: In this study 270 subjects of which 30 were suffering from OSMF on turmeric with counseling them about stoppage of habit (group A), 30 subjects suffering from OSMF on turmeric without counseling them about stoppage of habit (group B), 30 subjects suffering from OSMF counseled for stoppage of habit but without turmeric medication (group C), 90 cases which were betel-nut habitual without OSMF (group D), 90 cases healthy control group (group E). Results: Statistically significant reduction in Serum MDA levels post treatment group A patients as compared to group B & group C (p<0.05). Mean difference was observed as 9.00 in group A, 3.81 in group B, 2.62 in group C. Conclusion: Increased serum MDA in OSMF can be used as an important marker in early diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and for prevention and clinical intervention of the disease. The antioxidant properties of turmeric reduce the oxidative stress even with effects of areca alkaloids. Serum MDA level was decreased in subjects taking turmeric medication for the period of 4 weeks
17
Lisetska, I. S., e M. M. Rozhko. "The results of a study of the properties of oral fluid in teenagers and young adults who smoke". Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, n. 6(118) (29 ottobre 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2021.118.32.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is known that smoking is one of the current social and medical problems of today, a proven cause of many serious diseases — a risk factor for more than 20 diseases, which account for almost 75% of the causes of mortality (cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, dental, etc.). Ukraine ranks 17th in the world in terms of cigarette consumption. It is worrying that this bad habit is very common among children and adolescents, because adolescence is crucial in terms of worldview, life values, attitudes to bad habits, including smoking. More than 500 000 young people join this bad habit every year. It has been established that the components of tobacco smoke affect the mucous membrane of the oral cavity both directly and indirectly — toxic substances enter the salivary glands with the bloodstream and are excreted with saliva in the oral cavity. Changes in oral fluid may be the first signs of disease caused by a bad habit. Oral fluid can act as a diagnostic indicator that reflects the condition of the organs of the oral cavity and the whole body, as well as to predict the course of the disease, to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Purpose — to study the properties of oral fluid in in teenagers and young adults who smoke. Materials and methods. The properties of oral fluid (rate of salivation, pH, buffer capacity and viscosity of oral fluid) in 114 adolescents and adolescents aged 15 to 24 years, which were divided into groups: Group I included 26 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; in group II — 22 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Weipi); in group III — 23 people who regularly smoke tobacco heating devices (IQOS); in group IV — 43 people, without a bad habit of smoking. Results. When studying the properties of oral fluid in adolescents and young adults, the dependence of its indicators on the presence of a bad habit and type of smoking was revealed. Adolescents and adolescents who smoke both traditional and alternative types of cigarettes in the oral cavity have a decrease in the level of functional reactions that are responsible for the homeostasis of the oral cavity and depend on the type of cigarettes. Analysis of changes in the biophysical parameters of oral fluid indicate a decrease in the level of functional reserves of the oral cavity. Conclusions. Тeenagers and young adults who smoke have changes in the biophysical parameters of oral fluid. Oral fluids can be an early prognostic test to assess the condition of the oral cavity in adolescents and adolescents who smoke. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: oral fluid, biophysical indicators, teenager, young adult, smoking.
18
Dias, Olívia Meira, e Egberto Ribeiro Turato. "Cigarette smokers’ views on their habit and the causes of their illness following lung cancer diagnosis: a clinical-qualitative study". Sao Paulo Medical Journal 124, n. 3 (2006): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802006000300003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the commonest malignant tumor and is increasing in incidence by 2% a year. In 90% of diagnosed cases, it is associated with tobacco product consumption. It is the greatest cause of mortality among cancer types in Brazil. Knowledge of patients’ psychological representations is needed for evaluating treatments and educating patients. The aim here was to interpret how smokers with lung cancer interpret the possible causes of their illness and to understand their perceptions regarding cigarette use. DESIGN AND SETTING: Clinical-qualitative study (exploratory, non-experimental) at the Pulmonary Disease Service, General Hospital, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: An intentional small sample of cancer inpatients was recruited. The group was closed with 11 subjects, following attainment of data saturation from interviews. These interviews were semi-directed, with in-depth open-ended questions on interviewees’ observations, applied in a confidential setting using a tape recorder. Interviewees’ responses were categorized using qualitative content analysis and the results were assessed using interdisciplinary theoretical concepts, particularly from medical psychology. RESULTS: Six males and five females aged between 46 and 68 years who presented diverse clinical conditions were interviewed. CONCLUSIONS: A broader approach towards the psychological comprehension of such patients is needed, considering that cigarette consumption involves conscious and unconscious motivations, sociocultural and educational factors, the glamour of tobacco advertising, and problems with psychophysical dependence. Such an approach would avoid the perception among patients that the healthcare team are "inquisitors". This would lead to better adherence to treatment and better quality of life.
19
Lisetska, I. S. "Types and devices for smoking and their harmful effects on the human body". Ukrainian journal of Perinatology and Pediatrics, n. 1(85) (29 marzo 2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/pp.2021.85.81.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The literature review focuses on the prevalence of smoking among the population, the types of smoking devices and their negative impact on public health. The article presents the composition of traditional cigarettes and alternative types of smoking, analyzes the data of smoking statistics in the world. The smoking habit has been known since 2000 BC, when American Indians inhaled the smoke from burning the leaves of the plant Nicotiana tabacum, in the 20th century became an epidemic and killed more than 100 million people, and according to forecasts in the XXI century, this figure may grow in order. It is alarming that in recent decades, in addition to traditional cigarettes, alternative types of smoking have become popular, especially among adolescents and young people, namely electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes, vapes), tobacco heating devices (IQOS), and sometimes products. With low tobacco content (snuff, chewing tobacco, etc.). In addition, hookah remains fashionable and sometimes prestigious among young people, which also has a detrimental effect on the human body. Smoking both traditional cigarettes and alternative types is one of the important medical and social problems both in Ukraine and around the world, as it is widespread and available. Smoking is a risk factor for human health and, as a result, an increase in nicotine-related mortality. At the same time, smoking is the only cause of illness and death that can be eliminated. Today, smoking is considered not as a bad habit, but as a chronic disease, prone to recurrence, even long after smoking cessation. There are no safe types of smoking, active and passive smoking are equally harmful to the body, which undermines human health and threatens his life. Smoking is especially dangerous for adolescents and young adults. The fight against smoking remains a key factor in the recovery of the nation. Smoking cessation is not only a matter of prevention, it should be considered as one of the appointments for the patient in the treatment of any disease and rehabilitation, because without it there will be no success in treatment and health. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: smoking, cigarettes, nicotine, electronic cigarettes, IQOS, hookah, snus.
20
Shegaonkar, Akash, Shilpa Patel, Niharika Swain, Jigna Pathak, Rashmi Hosalkar e Rutuj Waghmare. "Evaluation and Correlation of Clinicopathological Parameters of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Gingivobuccal Sulcus with Lymph Node Status - A Retrospective Institutional Analysis in Navi Mumbai". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, n. 30 (26 luglio 2021): 2294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/469.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND Mortality and Morbidity rates in the patients diagnosed with oral cancers remain static despite availability of advanced diagnostic and treatment modalities. For improving the survival status of the patients, a thorough understanding of the factors that predicts the progression of oral cancer is necessary to determine appropriate line of treatment. To do so in practise, critical knowledge regarding the prognostic factors that has high sensitivity holds immense importance. For determination of prognosis in oral cancer patients, clinical and histopathological parameters are widely used for assessment of treatment strategies. The primary objective of this study was to determine the clinical and histopathological prognostic factors in patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma of gingivobuccal sulcus (GBSSCC) treated by surgical intervention (neck dissection). METHODS Histopathological evaluation of archived samples of 60 GBSSCC patients which were treated by surgical intervention (Neck Dissection) in the time period from January 2011 to December 2020. Recurrent cases were excluded. Clinicopathological parameters such as age, sex, habit, tumour site, tumour size, tumour differentiation, depth of invasion, bone invasion, muscle invasion, perineural invasion & extracapsular spread were evaluated & then correlated with lymphnode status. RESULTS Among all the parameters, variables like habit (tobacco use) (P = 0.045), tumour size (P = 0.003), perineural invasion (P = 0.000) emerged as independent prognosticators and significantly correlated to the lymph node status of the patients. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that habit, tumour size, perineural invasion to be consistent, easy to assess and reliable independent prognosticators which are significantly correlated to the lymph node status. To conclude, it is of paramount importance to include the aforementioned prognosticators in histopathological reports for the prediction of clinical outcome and archiving of valued data for future analysis. KEY WORDS Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Gingivobuccal sulcus, Lymph Node Status, ClinicoPathological Prognosticators
21
Moqaddes, Sidra, Mehwish Mehwish, Mawra Gohar, Hina Qaiser e Amjad Khan. "Determination of Association Between Respiratory Tract Infections with Age, Gender and Socio-economic Status". Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 2, n. 3 (22 aprile 2020): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2018.020332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality accounting for millions of deaths worldwide. Treatment of these infections is usually based upon symptomatic relief through antibiotics. This study was designed to investigate bacterial RTI and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern determined by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Sputum samples (n=48) were analyzed to determine the bacterial infections and relationship with age, gender and social status of patients was determined. Results of the study revealed that higher number of samples (61%) were positive for Pseudomonas spp.14 (29.16%). Other contributing bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7%), Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (14.58%), E. coli (6.25%) and some other coliforms (8.33%). Number of cases was more in adult males than females and the incidence was gradually increasing with age due to consistent habit of smoking. Socioeconomic analysis of data revealed that maximum number of patients visiting hospital for UTI belongs to rural areas followed by small cities and developed cities. It is concluded that adult males having low socioeconomic status with habit of smoking or tobacco consumption are at greater risk of UTI.
22
Mishra, A., V. P. Singh e V. Verma. "Environmental effects on head and neck cancer in India". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2009): e17059-e17059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e17059.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
e17059 Background: Head and neck cancer in India has unique demographic profile, environmental exposure, dietary habits, and personal and family history. Methods: 1,000 cases were analysed. Results: Males dominated (82%) in fifth (29%) and sixth (33%) decades. Majority was uneducated (76%) and poor. Passive tobacco smoking was seen in-house (85%) as well as in the work-place (80%). Approximately 69% smoked more than 100 cigarettes/bidis in their lifetime. Majority acquired regular smoking habit in second (73%) and third (18%) decades and continued smoking for more than 20 years (66%) with 10–20 cigarettes daily (range 1 to 43). However 30% never used tobacco. The main alternative forms were bidi (27%) and smokeless-tobacco chewing products (47%). A past history of cancer and the subsequent radiation treatment was found in 3% while GERD in 33%. Multivitamins/minerals for chemoprevention was used in 65% for 1 to 12 months. Alcohol consumption was seen in 26% where the age of initiation was in second and third decade and the total years of consumption mainly varied from 10–30 years. Having a predominant agriculture-based-economy, the majority of males (38%) were farmers with significant exposure to pesticides and fertilizers; while females predominantly housewifes (17%). The family history was appreciated in 1% with natural parents known in all. The most common sites involved were oral cavity (28%), oropharynx (30%), and larynx (32%). Majority presented with advanced stage (III = 39%; IV = 23%). The consumption of fruit and vegetable juice was less common as compared to fresh consumption as such. Green salads, potatoes, and fiber cereals were significantly used (4–6 times a week). Beans, peas, and corn was not common while beef and pork consumption rare owing . The ‘staple’ diet was wheat, rice, pulses with additional meat mainly in Muslims (once a day). The use of cooking oil, butter, eggs biscuits, cheese, cakes, and cookies was uncommon (less than once a week), but milk was abundant. Conclusions: Hence, it seems that poor, education/literacy, poor socioeconomic status, tobacco smoking (passive and active) at an early age for prolonged duration, tobacco-related products and exposure to pesticides/fertilizers predispose Indian population for head and neck cancer, rather than a positive family history, dietary factors, radiation exposure, or alcoholism. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
23
Prabhu, K., Hitendra Prakash Singh, Sunil Kumar, Malti Kumari Maurya, Veerendra Verma, Anupam Mishra e Satya Prakash Agarwal. "Oral Submucous Fibrosis- Correlation between Clinical Findings and Histopathological Grading". Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 26, n. 2 (29 agosto 2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2018.v26i2.166.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction
Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) occurs in young adults, who are in the habit of chewing tobacco mixed with areca nut and its various commercially available preparations. The disease results in progressive inability to open the mouth due to the submucosal fibrosis initiated by chronic inflammation affecting mainly oral mucosa. Authors undertook the present study to correlate the clinical features of OSMF to histopathological features and to find out aetiopathological factors of this condition.
Materials and Methods
A total of 123 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients, in the age range of 17 to 70 years were studied. Mouth opening was measured using a scale and was recorded in millimeters. Incisional biopsy was taken from the representative areas in the oral cavity. The patients were graded clinically and histopathologically and results were analyzed and discussed.
Result
Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years (37.4%) with male predominance. The duration of either tobacco or areca nut chewing ranged from 1 to 35 yrs. Most patients had these habits for 6-19 yrs. Majority (55.3% & 54.5%) of the patients belonged to grade-2 (clinical grading) and intermediate grade (HPE grading) respectively. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits. The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with clinical grading (χ2=204.08, p<0.001).
Discussion
The HPE grading showed significant and direct association with duration of ill habits and also with clinical findings of restriction of mouth opening and inter incisal distance. The HPE findings showed significant and direct association with clinical grading i.e. when the clinical grading increases, the histopathological grading also increases.
Conclusion
OSMF is a disease with a high incidence. It also carries a significant risk of transformation to oral cancer. As no effective medical and surgical treatment is available for this condition; it is desirable to diagnose OSMF at early stages.
24
Crisafulli, Ernesto, Catia Cillóniz, Adamantia Liapikou, Marcello Ferrari, Fabiana Busti, Domenico Girelli e Antoni Torres. "Systemic Inflammatory Response and Outcomes in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients Categorized According to the Smoking Habit or Presence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, n. 9 (7 settembre 2020): 2884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092884.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The systemic inflammatory response (SIR) may help to predict clinical progression, treatment failure, and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Exposure to tobacco smoke may affect the SIR; the role of smoking in CAP has not been consolidated. We evaluated the SIR and outcomes of hospitalized CAP patients stratified by smoking habits and the presence of COPD. This retrospective analysis was conducted at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Baseline, clinical, microbiological, and laboratory variables were collected at admission, using C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as a marker of SIR. The study outcomes were pleural complications, hospital stay, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We also considered the in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Data were grouped by smoking habit (non-, former-, and current-smokers) and the presence of COPD. Current smokers were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and fewer previous pneumonia episodes. CRP levels were higher in current smokers than in other groups. Current smokers had a higher risk of pleural complications independent of CRP levels, the presence of pleuritic pain, and a higher platelet count. Current smokers more often required IMV and ICU admission. Current smokers have a greater inflammatory response and are at increased risk of pleural complications.
25
Redinova, T. L., E. V. Chikurova, D. K. Perevoshchikova, E. P. Stepanova e A. P. Petrova. "Algorithm of diagnosis and treatment of patients with distal occlusion in the period of replacement bite". Stomatology for All / International Dental review, n. 2021 3 96 (settembre 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35556/idr-2021-3(96)48-54.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the work is to establish the degree of influence of various modifiers on the course of chronic generalized periodontitis. We examined 83 periodontal patients. During the examination, in addition to the obligatory volume, data on somatic burden and dependence on smoking were included with the determination of the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Bleeding of the gums was determined in the area of all teeth. To determine the rate of progression of periodontitis on the basis of orthopantomogram data, an indirect indicator was calculated — the decrease in the alveolar bone in relation to the patient's age. It was established by the research that the modeling of periodontitis, with an identical hygienic state of the oral cavity of patients, is affected by concomitant somatic pathology, especially diabetes mellitus, making the course of periodontitis worse; and also a bad habit — smoking, which contributes to more pronounced vascular changes in the periodontium in patients with clinical manifestations of periodontitis. Recommendations are given to take into account the concomitant pathology of internal organs and the degree of dependence of patients on tobacco smoking when planning periodontal treatment, in order to correct these risk factors and motivate the patient to cooperate with a doctor.
26
Ardiansyah, M. Luthfi, A. A. S. A. Sukmaningsih e Inna Narayani. "The Effect of Exposure of Cigarette Smoke With Herb Additives on Leukocyte and Lung Histopathology of Mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>)". BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 7, n. 1 (31 agosto 2021): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v7i1.442.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Smoking habits have been around since ancient times, but nowadays this habit is considered to be detrimental, especially to health. The impact that is often felt by smokers is difficulty in breathing because the lungs are exposed to cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke contains about 1015-1017 oxidants or free radicals, as well as 4700 harmful chemicals, including aldehydes / carbonyls, NO2, and SO2. Herbal cigarettes are tobacco cigarettes with added ingredients from plants. Gurah terapi sin cigarettes are herbal cigarettes that are sold commercially. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gurah cigarette smoking on the leukocytes and lung histology of mice. This study used a comparative method consisting of 3 groups, namely the control was not exposed to cigarette smoke, treatment 1 was exposed to commercial cigarette smoke and treatment 2 was exposed to cigarette smoke with herbal ingredients and each group consisted of 10 replications. The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) regarding the number of cell necrosis, type II pneumocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and alveolar dilation. While the results of the analysis of the number of leukocytes showed no significant difference where p > 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of leukocytes in the control group, treatment 1 and treatment 2 (p > 0.05). herbs containing various kinds of antioxidants cause a tendency for differences in the number of leukocytes where there is a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils and an improvement in the histopathological structure of the lung against type I pneumocyte cell necrosis, hemorrhage, alveolar dilation, type II pneumocyte cell proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration in exposed mice. commercial cigarette smoke without herbal ingredients.
27
Sharma, A., B. Sharma, SR Niraula, S. Devkota e PMS Pradhan. "Smoking Habit among Male Medical and Dental Students of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal". Kathmandu University Medical Journal 11, n. 1 (9 settembre 2014): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Smoking and health are intimately related and thus, smoking among future health care personnel is an important issue. As future physicians and dentists who will witness the continued burden of smoking-related diseases among their patients, represent a primary target for smoking prevention programs. Objectives To explore the magnitude of smoking problem and assess the major causes aggravating the burden of smoking among medical and dental students. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted between June and July 2009 among 345 medical and dental students. Pre-tested self-administered questionnaire containing questions regarding smoking and its various correlates were used to collect the data. Chi square test was used for testing hypothesis. Results Prevalence of smoking was estimated as 38.4%, among whom majority started smoking during 15 to 19 years of life. Peer pressure was the major cause behind smoking (29.5%). Nearly one third of the participants used to consume alcohol along with smoking. Presence of parental smoking and use of other drugs were significantly associated with smoking among the students. Conclusion Tobacco smoking is a significant health problem among the male medical and dental students. Medical and dental students were approached as they are the treatment providers for smoking and disease related to it in the future. The results in our study are discouraging and reveal that the medical knowledge regarding ill effects of smoking has not been able to check its use. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11020 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(1) 2013: 32-36
28
Nagpal, Manisha, Priyanka Devgun e Naresh Chawla. "Co-morbidities and addictions affecting treatment outcome in new smear positive cases in Amritsar city, Punjab, India". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20164721.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Although the current approach to TB control focuses on case detection and treatment, recent studies suggest that this strategy might not be sufficient to achieve this goal and it may also be necessary to reduce risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of tuberculosis infection and/or disease. Such risk factors may act at one of several steps in the natural history of the disease. The life time risk of breaking down to disease among those infected with TB is 10–15%, which gets increased to 10% per year amongst those co-infected with HIV. Other determinants such as diabetes mellitus, smoking tobacco products, alcohol abuse and malnutrition also increase the risk of progression from infection to TB disease.Methods: The study was conducted on new smear positive patients registered under Directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) in two Treatment Units (TUs) present in Amritsar city. The patients were enquired about their socio-demographic profile, family history, occupational history and associated co-morbidities and addictions. Data management and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 17.00. Results: Out of 250 patients, 149 (59.6%) were males and 101(40.4%) were females. Male preponderance, with male to female ratio of 1.5:1 was seen. Out of the total 250 cases, 7.2% of the cases had associated diabetes mellitus, 1.2 % had hypertension and only 1 case was of asthma. While enquiring for addictions, it was observed that 28.8% of the cases were alcoholic, 17.2% were smokers, 8% had the habit of tobacco chewing and 6% were drug abusers. Favourable outcome was significantly higher in non-addicted cases while presence of co-morbidities was found to have no effect on the treatment outcome.Conclusions: In the present study, it was observed that favourable outcome was significantly associated with the absence of addictions. So, it is concluded that prevention of tuberculosis should include effective screening especially among high risk groups in order to ensure early detection and aggressive treatment.
29
Solis-Hernandez, Maria Pilar, Clara Iglesias, Alfonso Revuelta, Carmen Gonzalez Mendez, Lucia Juan Rodriguez, Teresa Quiñones Roces, Sara Gonzalez Lolo et al. "Tobacco as a possible prognostic factor in advanced renal cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n. 7_suppl (1 marzo 2019): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.665.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
665 Background: It is widely known the causal relationship establised between tobacco use and the development of renal cancer is widely known. Nevertheless, the impact of smoking on the efficacy and safety of anti-angiogenic drugs is unclear. Sunitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with proven efficacy metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out including 194 mRCC patients (pts) who received Sunitinib in a single Institution (Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias) with a high incidence of this disease. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of the smoking habit on treatment response in terms of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Most patients presented clear cell histology (92%). Smoking status: 42% (n=82) never‐smoker, and 39% (n=76) former‐smoker and 19% (n=36) current‐smoker. Male predominance 78% (n=145). Median age was 65 (range: 40‐84). Survival analysis favors patients with a history of tobacco use. There was no significant difference in PFS between never‐smoker vs ever-smoker groups: median PFS 8.13 months (95% IC: 4.75‐11.52), vs 12 months (95% IC: 9.97‐14.03) was found respectively (p=0,086). Fewer than 10% developed grade 3 toxicity. A significative improvement in OS in patients ever-smokers: median OS 16.23 months (95% IC: 12.22‐20.25) vs 26.46 months (95% IC: 16.21‐36.73) (p=0.044). The advantage observed in patients with any smoking history became more evident for poor prognosis cases. A median OS 5.03 months (95% IC: 0.84‐9.23) vs 14.03 months (95% IC: 7.81‐20.26). A median PFS 6.4 months (95% IC: 2.53‐10.27) vs 13.33 months (95% IC: 1.14‐26.19) p > 0.05. Conclusions: In this series, tobacco seems to play a role on the efficacy and safety of anti‐angiogenic agents in mRCC. However, additional prospective studies in well‐balanced populations are required to confirm this data.
30
Hannah, R. "Association between the site of occurrence and pathological TNM staging in oral squamous cell carcinoma". Bioinformation 16, n. 12 (31 dicembre 2020): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300161019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Oral cancer is a worldwide health problem. Risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are tobacco, alcohol, betel nuts, viral infection and dietary habit. The site of occurence of the OSCC differs substantially between different people groups mainly because of variations in the prevalence of risk factors. The prognosis varies based on the site. pTNM is also one of the most useful tools for the prediction of prognosis. Therefore, it is of interest to correlate the pTNM staging with the site of occurrence of the lesion using 36 OSCC case reports. The results revealed 36.11% of the lesion occurred in buccal mucosa. Stage III pTNM was most prevalent in buccal mucosa and tongue and Stage IV pTNM in the retromolar trigone region by significant association with p value < 0.05. Thus, we report that lesions occurring in the Retromolar region, tongue and buccal mucosa need to be given special attention, as they are associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment protocol will improve the quality of life for the patients.
31
Hannah, R. "Association between the site of occurrence and pathological TNM staging in oral squamous cell carcinoma". Bioinformation 16, n. 12 (31 dicembre 2020): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300161019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Oral cancer is a worldwide health problem. Risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are tobacco, alcohol, betel nuts, viral infection and dietary habit. The site of occurence of the OSCC differs substantially between different people groups mainly because of variations in the prevalence of risk factors. The prognosis varies based on the site. pTNM is also one of the most useful tools for the prediction of prognosis. Therefore, it is of interest to correlate the pTNM staging with the site of occurrence of the lesion using 36 OSCC case reports. The results revealed 36.11% of the lesion occurred in buccal mucosa. Stage III pTNM was most prevalent in buccal mucosa and tongue and Stage IV pTNM in the retromolar trigone region by significant association with p value < 0.05. Thus, we report that lesions occurring in the Retromolar region, tongue and buccal mucosa need to be given special attention, as they are associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment protocol will improve the quality of life for the patients.
32
Luque, Raquel, Encarnacion Gonzalez Flores, Juan Ramon Delgado, Consolación Melguizo, Jose Carlos Prados, Beatriz Gonzalez Astorga, Raul Ortiz, Carmen Sánchez Toro, Javier Valdivia e Antonia Aránega. "MDR1 gene expression in peripheral blood as a marker of treatment response in lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, n. 30_suppl (20 ottobre 2012): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.30_suppl.96.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
96 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is sometimes chemoresistant and does not respond to treatment; several factors are involved in the development of chemoresistance, such as multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, mainly. Methods: We studied MDR1 gene expression in peripheral blood PMN of 23 patients with NSCLC, advanced stages in most of the cases, who had not received treatment previously, before (hour 0) and after (hour 6) paclitaxel-carboplatin treatment. RNA was obtained from PMN pellet by means of the protocol of trizol. RNA was checked with agarose gels, and later RT-PCR technique was carried out using specific primers. Expression levels were randomly distributed, so that overexpression under 3 was considered low level of expression, and overexpression above 4 was considered high level of expression. Results: After treatment, we found overexpression of MDR1 in 22 patients. High levels were found in 11 patients, and low levels were observed in the other 11 patients. No relation was found between this fact and the treatment response or survival rate. No significant differences in expression were found in the other variables: gender, tobacco habit, weight loss at the diagnosis, tumour staging, and tumor histology. Conclusions: We can conclude that MDR1 expression in peripheral blood is not a predictive factor for treatment response nor a prognostic factor of the disease. Despite these results, further studies are necessary on molecular biology of NSCLC in order to try to establish subgroups of patients based on genetic profiles, in which the use of microarrays could be very useful.
33
Silva, Iago Demétrio da, Elen de Souza Tolentino, Vanessa Cristina Veltrini, Neli Pieralisi e Mariliani Chicarelli da Silva. "Differential diagnosis of two white lesions in jugal mucosa: case report". Uningá Journal 59, n. 1 (27 giugno 2022): eUJ4022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46311/2318-0579.59.euj4022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Leukoedema is a change that affects the jugal mucosa bilaterally, presenting as a whitish or grayish-white plaque. It has uncertain etiology, but is believed to be derived from a developmental change, while leukoplakia is a clinical term for the definition of a non-shaved white plaque that can affect the jugal mucosa and other oral sites. Its etiology may be linked to the use of tobacco, alcohol and ultraviolet radiation, being considered a potentially malignant lesion and treatment will depend on the degree of cellular dysplasia and extent of the lesion. The aim of this article is to present a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with two white lesions in the jugal mucosa. A 57-year-old female brown patient sought dental care complaining of white spots on her cheeks. She reported being a smoker for 35 years, having the habit of consuming a pack and a half a day. After clinical examination, the diagnostic hypotheses of leukoedema and leukoplakia were raised. Incisional biopsy, followed by histopathological analysis, confirmed the diagnosis of leukoedema with overlapping leukoplakia. Leukoedema does not require treatment as it is a variation of normality. However, it may be clinically associated with disorders that require intervention, as in the case presented, generating masking of characteristics and, consequently, diagnostic confusion.
34
Mohanta, Pradip Kumar, Chinmoy Mallik e Suman Kumar Chatterjee. "A comprehensive study of clinical features and management of ulcers of the lower limb". International Surgery Journal 6, n. 11 (24 ottobre 2019): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20195117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Leg ulcers are debilitating and painful, greatly reducing patient’s quality of life. These ulcers are often difficult to treat and the successful treatment of leg ulcers depends upon the accurate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause.Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted by Department of General Surgery at College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Nadia. The study was conducted during the period from September 2017 to August 2019 which included 193 patients presenting with ulcers of the lower limb and admitted in surgical wards of our hospital.Results: Most of the patients were engaged in agriculture (23.8%) followed by business (22.8%) and service (14.5%). 52.03% of the patients had habit of smoking, chewing tobacco and drinking of alcohol. Most of the ulcers were diabetic (36.3%) followed by venous (22.3%) (Z=2.17; p=0). Only 4.7% and 3.1% were malignant and trophic ulcers. Peripheral neuropathy (23.3%) was the most common type of ulcer followed by venous hypertension (22.3%). At the end of study period, 180 ulcers were healed, 3 had recurrence, 5 were disease free and 5 patients died.Conclusions: Thus, the study of various cases of leg ulcers arouses lot of interest and is mind boggling as far as the treatment of these cases are concerned. With the availability of arsenal of investigation wide range of antibiotics and with ever improving dressing material, there is certainly a great improvement in treatment of chronic leg ulcers.
35
Lisetska, I. S., e M. M. Rozhko. "CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DISEASES IN TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS WHO SMOKE". Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 22, n. 3-4 (29 novembre 2022): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.22.3.4.130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Smoking has been proved as a risk factor for major dental diseases, including periodontal diseases, which rank the second position among the oral diseases. Statistical data indicate a high prevalence of teenagers and young adults who smoke. Therefore, the issue of developing effective schemes of the effective treatment and prevention, taking into account the presence of the smoking factor, as well as the main links of pathogenesis in teenagers and young adults, is quite relevant. The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical effectiveness of the proposed integrated treatment of periodontal diseases in teenagers and young adults who smoke. We assessed the conditions and changes in periodontal tissues before and after treatment in 114 teenagers and young adults aged from 15 to 24 years, who then were divided into four groups: group I included 26 regular smokers using traditional cigarettes; group II involved 22 people who smoked electronic cigarettes (Vapes) on regular basis; group III included 23 regular smokers using devices for heating tobacco (IQOS); group IV was formed by individuals having no harmful habit of smoking. We analyzed the dynamic changes of the OHI-S, PMA and PBI indices before and after the integrated therapy, which included "Quertin", "Supervit" and "BioGaya ProDentis" as well as “Stomolik” and “Kholisal” for local application. All the groups have demonstrated a positive trend in the investigated indices, however, the best results have been found out in the groups of individuals who received the integrated therapy that is confirmed by objective examination data and enables us to assess this therapy as of high clinical effectiveness.
36
Lisetska, I. S. "Clinical efficacy of local treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in teenagers and young adults who smoke". Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, n. 4(124) (30 maggio 2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2022.124.54.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The high prevalence of periodontal disease requires the development of effective treatment and prevention measures in teenagers and young adults who smoke. Purpose - to study the effectiveness of the proposed local treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease in teenagers and young adults who smoke. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, changes in periodontal tissues before and after treatment were studied in 123 teenagers and young adults aged 15 to 24 years, which were divided into groups: group I involved 31 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; to group II - 26 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Weipi); to group III - 30 people who regularly smoke tobacco heaters (IQOS); to group IV - 36 people without a bad habit of smoking. The dynamics of OHI-S, PMA and PBI indices before and after treatment with the proposed method of treatment - a combination of Stomolik solution and Holisal gel in comparison with the generally accepted treatment was analyzed. Results. During the treatment process, a positive trend of the studied indices was registered in all observation groups, but the best results were registered in the groups where the proposed local treatment was used, which is confirmed by the data of the objective survey. Conclusions. Comparison of the results of local treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in the observation groups with different methods indicates the advantages of the proposed method of treatment - a combination of Stomolik solution and Holisal gel. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the author. Key words: teenagers and young adults, catarrhal gingivitis, local treatment, smoking.
37
Priyanka, R., R. Hariprasad, V. Kumar, K. Danasekaran, S. Sharma, L. Sriram e R. Mehrotra. "Relationship Between Smokeless Tobacco and Cervical Premalignant and Malignant Lesions Among the Patients Screened for Cervical Cancer in the Health Promotion Clinic, Noida". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 ottobre 2018): 32s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.41100.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS-2) India (2016-17), reported that 5.1 crore rural women and 1.4 crore urban women use tobacco in any form. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in India among women accounting for 22.86% of all cancer cases in women and 12% of all cancer cases in both men and women. One woman dies of cervical cancer every 8 minutes in India. The risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was found to be increased with the women who smoke but the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) and areca nut have not been adequately reported in the literature; hence this study was contemplated to bridge the literature gap. Aim: To find the association between SLT use and cervical premalignant and malignant lesions among those women screened for cervical cancer at Health Promotion Clinic. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the electronically maintained records of the individuals screened for cervical cancer from February 2014 - February 2018 at the Health Promotion Clinic at National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida. All married women above 30 years of age were eligible to be screened for cervical cancer using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and Papanicolaou (PAP) test, if any abnormality was found colposcopy was done, if required biopsy was performed for confirmation. The premalignant lesions were treated with thermocoagulation or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and those diagnosed of malignancy were referred to a tertiary care center for further treatment. The participant's data on sociodemographic status, tobacco use and results cervical cancer screening are maintained in an online electronic data capture system. Results: Out of 6538 individuals attended the Health Promotion Clinic, for their oral, breast and cervical cancer screening from February 2014 - February 2018, 5431 (83.1%) were females and 1107 (16.9%) were males. All the females with eligible criteria were screened for cervical cancer 5431. Among which 126 (2.3%) reported with the habit of smoking, 595 (11%) reported of SLT use and 52 (1%) reported of both smoking and SLT use. The SLT users were at a higher risk [odds ratio (OR)] of developing cervical lesions compared with the non-SLT users diagnosed by the PAP test 1.02 (1.020-1.028). Conclusion: Women consuming SLT are at high risk of developing cervical premalignant and malignant lesions compared with the non-SLT users.
38
Lisetska, I. S., e M. M. Rozhko. "Smoking as a risk factor for periodontal disease". Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, n. 6(110) (30 ottobre 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2020.110.36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A review of the literature on the mechanisms of periodontal disease under the influence of smoking. The data on the spread of the harmful habit of mankind — smoking both traditional cigarettes and alternative types of smoking — are analyzed. Smoking is the most common epidemic in the world. Today, cigarettes are considered drugs because with each cigarette burned, a person receives a certain dose of nicotine, which over time causes addiction and the development of addiction, the most common type of domestic addiction, which is a serious social and medical problem. In addition, back in 2002, tobacco smoke was officially declared a carcinogen that does not have a safe level of exposure to it. Active and passive smoking are equally harmful to the body, undermining a person's health and threatening his life. The oral cavity (RP) is the first barrier to tobacco smoke in the human body. The effect of smoking on the organs and tissues of the RP, as well as on the whole body, is primarily determined by the intensity and duration of chemical, physical and thermal action, as well as individual morphofunctional features oral mucosa (SORP). Smoking adversely affects the organs of RP, causing smoker+specific diseases such as cancer, Tappeiner's leukoplakia, smoker's melanosis, and deepens and promotes the progression of pre+existing dental diseases, such as periodontal tissue. It is established that there is a correlation between the intensity and experience of smoking and the occurrence and development of pathological changes in different organs and systems. The study of mechanisms of traditional and alternative types of smoking on periodontal tissues and SORP in adolescents and adolescents remains incomplete. In this regard, research aimed at clarifying the clinical features of the development and course of major dental diseases in smokers, especially adolescents and adolescents, as well as the search for effective treatment and prevention programs remain relevant. The study of the mechanisms of influence of traditional and alternative types of smoking on periodontal tissues and SORP in adolescents and adolescents remains incomplete. In this regard, research aimed at clarifying the clinical features of the development and course of major dental diseases in smokers, especially adolescents and adolescents, as well as the search for effective treatment and prevention programs remain relevant. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: smoking, cigarettes, tobacco, periodontal disease.
39
Kuzniak, N. B., I. D. Kiiun, O. M. Soltys, N. V. Vatamaniuk e O. M. Kavchuk. "STRUCTURE AND PREVALENCE OF PERIODONTIC TISSUE DISEASES IN SMOKERS USING TOBACCO HEATING PRODUCTS". Ukrainian Dental Almanac, n. 1 (28 marzo 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.1.2022.03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Periodontal pathologies are one of the predominant groups of oral cavity diseases, so the problem of their treatment or prevention is quite relevant. Periodontal disease in patients who use tobacco heating systems is currently understudied.
Materials and methods of research. The study involved 187 people using tobacco heating products (the main group) and 60 people without this habit (comparison group), without other concomitant diseases. Patients were examined according to generally accepted methods: subjective (life history and medical history) and objective (examination, percussion, palpation, probing) parts, as well as radiographic analysis. Structural dystrophic changes in the bone tissues were thoroughly assessed using orthopantomography.
Research results. It was found that chronic catarrhal gingivitis and localized periodontitis in patients of the main group who smoked using tobacco heating devices occurred 3, 7, and 2.8 less often than in the comparison group (p <0.01, p <0.05). Generalized periodontitis of initial severity in patients of the main group was 3.6 times more common than in patients of the comparison group (29.95 ± 3.35% vs. 8.33 ± 3.56%, p<0.01). Grade I GP was detected in 78 patients who smoked using tobacco heating devices (41.71±3.61%), which was 2.8 times higher than in the comparison group (15.00 ± 4, 60%, p <0.01). Grade II GP was diagnosed in 10 patients (5.35 ± 1.64%) of the main group, but there were no patients with such disease in the comparison group.
Studying the structure of periodontal diseases depending on age shows that the amount of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and localized periodontitis in people who smoked using tobacco heaters decreased with age. Thus, at the age of 18 25 years it was 29.41 ± 7.81%, p> 0.05 and 20.59 ± 6.93%, respectively, in patients aged 26 36 years 22.39 ± 5.09% and 16.42 ± 4.53%, respectively, p> 0.05, and in patients aged 37 44 years, HCG and localized periodontitis were not diagnosed at all, p <0.01.
In patients of the main group aged 18 25 years, GP of initial severity was diagnosed in 50.0 ± 8.57% of subjects p <0.01 and decreased with age to 40.30 ± 5.99% in patients aged 26 36, p <0.01, and to 13.95±3.74% in patients aged 37 44 years, p> 0.05. In the age range of 18 25 years in patients who smoked using tobacco heating devices, GP I severity was not found, but at the age of 26 36 years, this disease was detected in 20.89 ± 4.97% of examined patients, p <0.01 and increased with age, reaching its maximum values (74.42 ± 4.70%) at the age of 37 44 years, p> 0.05.
GP of the II severity degree was diagnosed only in the older age group (37 44 years) in 11.63 ± 3.46% of patients in the main group, p <0.01.
The prevalence of GP of the initial severity in the comparative group increased with the age of patients. Thus, in persons aged 18 25 years, GP of the initial degree of severity was not determined, but at the age of 26 36 years this disease was diagnosed in 3.85 ± 3.77% of those examined, and most often (26.67±11.41%, patients) GP of initial severity was diagnosed in patients aged 37 44 years. Grade I GP in non-smokers was diagnosed only in the older age group of 37 44 years in 60.00 ± 12.64% of those examined, which was 1.2 times lower than in the main group, p> 0,05. GP of the II severity degree in the comparison group was not diagnosed.
Analyzing the impact of smoking on age groups, it was found that the features of early dystrophic-inflammatory lesions of the periodontium and its rapid progression due to atrophic-osteoporotic processes in the macroorganism were caused by tobacco consumption.
Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained studies showed that patients who smoke using tobacco heating devices tended to increase the frequency of periodontal diseases and their severity.
The prospect of further research is to study the structure and prevalence of periodontal disease in people who smoke using devices for heating tobacco depending on the time of smoking, as well as the development and implementation of individual effective treatment and prevention measures.
40
Desai, Muskaan V., Ritul R. Patel e Punam D. Sachdeva. "An epidemiological study of nicotine de-addiction". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, n. 9 (26 agosto 2022): 3530. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222219.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Nicotine is the primary contributor to cancer among users and harms nearly every organ in the body. Nicotine de-addiction is one of the best things that can protect the vulnerable body from disease. Nicotine de-addiction includes diverse methods from simple medical advice to pharmacotherapy. However, some people show serious withdrawal symptoms after quitting. It is therefore necessary to analyze the frequency of the use of various de-addiction methods and prevalence of withdrawal symptoms observed on quitting.Methods: The relevant information was collected from the community (friends, relatives, neighbours, students) using a specially designed Google form or data collection form, prepared in both English and Gujarati. Data collected was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis to determine the frequency distribution of various parameters using Microsoft excel.Results: 83.52% people were aware about the carcinogenic effects of nicotine containing tobacco products. 49.43% people attempted to quit using methods like nicotine replacement therapies, counselling and drug therapy. Out of which, 36.78% people were successful. It was observed that 75.86% people observed one or other withdrawal effects during the quitting attempt.Conclusions: Encouraging users for de-addiction can have positive cascading effects. De-addiction treatments in compliance with people are counselling, Nicotine patches and Nicotine gum. However, many people did not choose any of these methods may be due to cost and access barriers. Integration of nicotine replacement therapies and behavioural treatment must be recommended by the physicians to help their patients overcome this habit.
41
Redinova, T. L., E. V. Chikurova, D. K. Perevoshchikova, E. P. Stepanova e A. P. Petrova. "The effect of various modifiers on the course of periodontitis". Stomatology for All / International Dental review, n. 2021 3 96 (settembre 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35556//idr-2021-3(96)48-54.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the work is to establish the degree of influence of various modifiers on the course of chronic generalized periodontitis. We examined 83 periodontal patients. During the examination, in addition to the obligatory volume, data on somatic burden and dependence on smoking were included with the determination of the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Bleeding of the gums was determined in the area of all teeth. To determine the rate of progression of periodontitis on the basis of orthopantomogram data, an indirect indicator was calculated — the decrease in the alveolar bone in relation to the patient's age. It was established by the research that the modeling of periodontitis, with an identical hygienic state of the oral cavity of patients, is affected by concomitant somatic pathology, especially diabetes mellitus, making the course of periodontitis worse; and also a bad habit — smoking, which contributes to more pronounced vascular changes in the periodontium in patients with clinical manifestations of periodontitis. Recommendations are given to take into account the concomitant pathology of internal organs and the degree of dependence of patients on tobacco smoking when planning periodontal treatment, in order to correct these risk factors and motivate the patient to cooperate with a doctor.
42
Mitra, Tapash, Md Mokhles Uddin, Sajjad Mohammad Yousuff, Mohammad Abdul Awal, Ali Asgar Chowdhury e Md Nizamuddin. "Effect of Concurrent Chemo Radiation in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Carcinoma of Tongue". Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 23, n. 1 (22 settembre 2012): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v23i1.51893.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This quasi experimental study was conducted to observe the effects and toxicities of concurrent chemo radiation in locally advanced tongue cancer from January 2009 to December 2009 in the Radiotherapy Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. A total number of forty patients were purposively selected according to inclusion criteria. Among them, 30 patients presented with lesion in anterior two third & 10 patients in posterior one third. Thirty patients were male & ten were female. All of the patients having betel nut chewing habit & 90% were smoker & tobacco leaf chewer. The mean age of patient was 56.25 years. All patients received chemotherapy on D1, D8, D15, D22, D29, D36, D43 & 66 Gy external beam radiotherapy in 200 cGY/day in six and half weeks. Pretreatment status of mean size of primary lesion of anterior two third and posterior one third of tongue cancer patients significantly decreased in last follow up. Mean size of lymph nodes significantly decreased from pretreatment to last follow up in both anterior two third and posterior one third of tongue cancer patients. Over all response of patients treated with concurrent chemo radiation only three patients of anterior two third & one patient of posterior one third showed complete response followed by seventeen patients of anterior two third & five patients of posterior one third showed partial response. Response is better in stage III than stage IV patients in both anterior two third and posterior one third of tongue cancer. The common toxicities are mucositis, skin reaction, anemia & leucopenia in both anterior two third and posterior one third of tongue cancer patients. In the treatment of locally advanced carcinoma of tongue, coneurrent chemoradiation showed better symptom improvement, manageable toxicities. So, concurrent chemoradiation may be one of the treatment modality in locally advanced carcinoma of tongue patients. Period of study and number of patients were small. So, long term follow-up and large number of patients should be included to conduct more in-depth research and more specific comments.
JCMCTA 2012; 23(1): 36-41
43
Yadav, Shweta Rakesh, Deherkar JA, Sangle AR e Chandorkar SS. "Utility Of Salivary CA-125 And LDH As Tumor Markers In Oral Malignancy". International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research 4, n. 3 (31 luglio 2018): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31878/ijcbr.2018.43.14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: The mortality and morbidity associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) can be greatly reduced if tumor markers which can detect OSCC at an early stage are available. This study attempts to use saliva as the diagnostic medium to determine the correlation of salivary CA 125 and LDH in tobacco users with and without potentially malignant disorders. Changes in CA 125 and LDH level can be used as a marker in patients with and without premalignant disease and can be used as a deterrent in continuation of the habit. Aims: To assess the role of CA 125 & LDH as a tumour marker in Oral cancer patients. Materials and methods: Cross sectional observational study .Time period: December 2015 to August 2017.Study area: OPD of tertiary care hospital in pune. Total participants: 150 persons. Under non-stimulatory conditions whole saliva sample was collected from each individual and was centrifuged. The resulting supernatant was used for estimation of CA 125 and LDH levels. Results: In present study, mean Salivary LDH level was found to be lowest among cases of healthy individuals while it was highest among individuals who were diagnosed and underwent treatment for malignancy. However there was insignificant difference seen between levels of diagnosed case of oral malignancy and the ones who underwent treatment for oral malignancy. Also mean Salivary CA-125 was lowest in healthy individuals and highest in individuals diagnosed with oral malignancy and the levels were seen to be reduced significantly in the one who underwent treatment for oral malignancies than those who didn’t. Conclusion: Salivary CA 125 and LDH has a role in early detection of oral malignancies and can be used as a diagnostic marker. However LDH levels are persistently raised even after treatment for oral malignancy.
44
Solomenchuk, Tetіana M., Vira L. Lutska, Orysia Yu Kysil, Khrystyna M. Khamuliak, Oksana V. Yadzhyn e Romanna O. Zadorozhna. "Predictors of Successful Smoking Cesstion in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients with a History of Acute Coronary Syndrome". Acta Balneologica 64, n. 6 (2022): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/abal202206110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim: To establish socio-psychological and clinical smoking predictors cessation at the stage of health-resort rehabilitation in patients who have recently suffered an acute coronary event. Materials and Methods: 68 patients aged 42-68 years (average age 56.70}6.1 years) who underwent a cardiorehabilitation program in the heart rehabilitation department of the health-resort complex „Morshinkurort” after a recent ACS (no more than 28 days ago) were examined. Depending on the smoking habit, all patients were divided into two groups. The first (I) group included smoking patients who gave up smoking in the course of CR (n=38, average age 57.10}6.73 years), the second (II) group included smokers who continued smoking during the healthresort stay treatment (n=30, average age 56.58}5.74 years). Predictors of smoking cessation were determined in patients of the studied groups using the method of binary logistic regression. Results: In the course of the study, 5 independent predictors of quitting smoking were established, which turned out to be statistically significant - smoking index, anxiety level, body mass index, comorbidity and marital status. The chances of quitting smoking were 1.79 times greater (95% CI from 1.25 to 2.56) in patients with higher BMI and 3.23 times (95% CI from 0.57 to 18.40) in those who are in family status. High comorbidity, higher SI score, and higher anxiety levels were significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of quitting smoking. Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation patients with high nicotine dependence, lower body weight, loneliness, significant anxiety symptoms, and multiple comorbidities are less likely to successfully quit smoking. Established independent predictors of smoking cessation must be used when choosing strategies for the treatment of tobacco addiction at the stage of CR. Screening and treatment for anxiety disorders should be included in smoking cessation programs to improve the SI effectiveness.
45
Franzetti, Marco, Elena Ricci e Paolo Bonfanti. "The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review". Current HIV Research 17, n. 1 (11 luglio 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x17666190327153038.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the incidence of AIDS events, including AIDS-defining malignancies. Nevertheless, several cohort studies conducted in the post-HAART period have reported an increasing risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC). : Overall, the potential mechanisms leading to an increased risk of developing NADCs probably involve multiple known and unknown factors. In addition to ageing, chronic inflammation and ongoing immune system dysregulation, other contributing factors are co-infection with potentially oncogenic viruses (HBV, HCV, HPV, EBV) and high-risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking. : As a consequence of these risk factors, high standardized incidence ratios have been consistently reported, mainly in cohort studies regarding smoking-related cancers (lung cancer, but also pharyngeal and kidney cancer), due to the far more common cigarette smoking habit in the HIV-population. Also in the setting of infection-related malignancies, the high frequency of liver cancer, as a consequence of HBV and HCV co-infection is well known. Similarly, HPV infection accounts for the higher risk of anal cancer. On the same line, Hodgkin lymphoma is more frequent in the HIV population, due to the dysregulation and proliferation of EBV-infected lymphocytes. : Several studies addressed the direct relationship between immunosuppression and cancer progression, showing that subjects with HIV infection experience higher cancer-specific mortality, as compared to the general population, independently of cancer stage or cancer treatment. : In the HIV population, for many NADCs, the prognosis is still worse as compared to the general population. However, an improvement has been reported over the last decades, mainly thanks to more available and adequate treatment chances.
46
Avigdor Klinger. "Smoking as an environmental hazard to the periodontal and peri-implant tissues: A brief review". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, n. 3 (30 dicembre 2021): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0578.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
While dental plaque is considered the etiological factor for the development of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, many studies from recent years point to smoking as the most significant environmental factor contributing to disease severity. This effect is evident at the epidemiological level as well as on our understanding of the biological mechanisms involved. The present review presents abundant scientific evidence showing that smoking negatively affects the local blood supply, interferes with the reaction of the immune system to bacterial insult, is toxic to gingival and periodontal ligament cells, impedes the response of the periodontal attachment apparatus to treatment, and is linked to dental implant failure. Over the past 30 years, more than 200 million people have died as a result of smoking tobacco use. There are more than 1 billion current smokers worldwide and these numbers are likely to increase over the coming years. And yet, the effect of smoking on periodontal and peri-implant health has been a controversial issue. It was argued, that it is difficult to prove such an effect due to poor adherence of smokers to oral hygiene, which creates a confounding factor inseparable from the effect of the smoking itself. Unfortunately, even some of the more recent publications cast doubt as for the importance of smoking cessation on peri-implant health, as a prerequisite for a successful treatment. The aim of the present review was to question the validity of these reports by presenting multiple evidence to support the quiet widely accepted common knowledge that is the numerous hazards to the oral biology which are the result of a heavy and prolonged smoking habit.
47
Kusumajaya, Christopher, e Ferry Safriadi. "Characteristics of Penile Cancer at Tertiary Centre Hospital: A Nine Years Study from 2010-2019". Indonesian Journal of Cancer 16, n. 1 (1 aprile 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v16i1.832.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Penile cancer is a rare and aggressive disease. The incidence in India, Africa, and South America ranges from 2.3 to 8.3 per 100,000. No data regarding incidence rates in Indonesia. The etiological factors include poor genital hygiene, phimosis, tobacco use, multiple sex partners, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and chronic inflammatory states. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents 95% of penile cancers. Progression and treatment of the disease cause devastating consequences and morbidity such as disfiguring penile amputation. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of penile cancer in the city of Bandung, its associated risk factors, clinical manifestations, and compare the results with previous studies. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung from January 2010 to 2019. The study included all penile cancer patients that came to Urology Department. Variables such as age, history of circumcision, phimosis, HPV infection, marital status, smoking habit, educational level, age of onset, operation, histopathological results, history of multiple sex partners, location of the tumor, comorbidities, and staging are collected from the medical record and analyzed. Results: A total of 13 penile cancer patients were involved with the age range from 28 to 67 years and 50.69 years on average. Most of them were smokers (69.2%) and uncircumcised (53.8%). All of the patients came at an advanced stage, and penectomy was done. Histopathologically, 84.6% were SCC. One of our patients was consulted by a haemato-oncologist for adjuvant chemotherapy (6 cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil). Conclusions: Penile cancer is a rare neoplasm in Bandung, West Java. The characteristics of penile cancer patients found in our hospitals were on average 50.7 years old, and the most risk factors found were smoking and uncircumcised. Histopathologically, most of them were SCC. All patients came to seek medical treatment at an advanced stage and had undergone surgical penectomy.
48
Wang, Hui-Ching, Pei-Lin Liu, Pei-Chuan Lo, Yi-Tzu Chang, Leong-Perng Chan, Tsung-Jang Yeh, Hui-Hua Hsiao e Shih-Feng Cho. "Consistent administration of cetuximab is associated with favorable outcomes in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an endemic carcinogen exposure area: a retrospective observational study". PeerJ 8 (10 settembre 2020): e9862. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9862.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background This study aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes associated with patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RM HNSCC) who received cetuximab-based chemotherapy in a real-world clinical setting. Methods Clinical data were extracted from RM HNSCC patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2019. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards model were used for survival analyses. Results Of 106 RM HNSCC patients (mean age = 55.1 years), 38.7% exhibited recurrent disease and 61.3% had metastatic disease. The majority of patients showed a habit of addictive substance use, including alcohol (67.0%), betel nuts (71.7%), or tobacco (74.5%). The primary tumor sites included the oral cavity (64.1%), hypopharynx (19.8%), and oropharynx (16.0%). The median number of cetuximab cycles for the 106 patients was 11 (2–24). The disease control rate (DCR) was 48.1%, and the overall response rate (ORR) was 28.3%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.0 and 9.23 months, respectively. Patients treated with more than 11 cycles of cetuximab exhibited a longer median PFS and median OS than did patients treated with less than 11 cycles (median PFS: 7.0 vs. 3.0 months, p < 0.001; OS: 12.43 vs. 4.46 months, p = 0.001). Patients without previous concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) had a better median PFS than did those with previous CRT (6.0 vs. 4.0 months, p = 0.046). Multivariable analysis revealed that perineural invasion and fewer cycles of cetuximab (<11 cycles) were independent risk factors associated with disease progression. In addition, the reduction in treatment cycles of cetuximab and advanced lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors predicting poorer overall survival. Conclusion Our study provides important real-world data regarding cetuximab-containing treatment in RM HNSCC. Consistent administration of cetuximab could be associated with more favorable outcomes in RM HNSCC in endemic carcinogen exposure areas.
49
Raja, Lakshman Raj, Bupesh Giridharan, Vasanth Sakthivel e Tamizharasi Pandian. "Prevalence and socioeconomic status of osteoarthritis among adult population in and around Chennai: A case study". Biomedicine 42, n. 3 (3 luglio 2022): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i3.1277.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction and Aim: One of the more common degenerative illnesses in the adult population is osteoarthritis (OA). Many etiological agents are responsible for this common disorder like aging, calcium deficiency, inflammatory syndromes, etc.,With reference to this, preventive measures can be adopted by proper diagnosis and treatment at the right stage. The goal of this research was to evaluate the causes of osteoarthritis of the knee in adults and to identify the inflammatory biomarkers. Materials and Methods: A population?based, case study among 600 adultsattending local hospitals inChennai and Kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu, India, was cross-examined from January 2017 to December 2018. All the data related to the study were collected by the postgraduate students, skilled health workers according to thedirection of thecorresponding author. Printedquestionairesand informed approval were obtained from all study participants. Diagnosing criteria for OA wereadopted from the Rheumatology College of America, and it was confirmed and verified in the region. Results: Around 600 adult patients were questioned, with 27.1 % having knee OA.The following measures like age, tobacco habit, illiteracy, lower socioeconomic class, positive family history of OA, diabetes, and hypertension were found to be highly linked with OA knee significantly in age greater than 50 in females (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The risk of OA was high in this area and serum biomarkers were evaluated. In the present study, the IL-2,IL-5,IL-6, and IL-10 were considered as biomarkers for osteoarthritis in acute and chronic stages. As a result, an effective preventative approach is required to reduce this burden.
50
Niwal, Ajinkya J. J., Muralidhar P. Tambe, S. P. Rao e Malangori A. Parande. "Period prevalence of hypertension and risk factors in an urban slum of Maharashtra". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, n. 7 (28 giugno 2019): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192862.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: One in three adults worldwide has high blood pressure and proportion increases with age. Detecting high blood pressure is easy. Hence a study for prevalence of hypertension was conducted in an urban slum of Pune, Maharashtra.Methods: The study was conducted in an urban slum field practice area exclusively under the community medicine department of a tertiary care hospital during the period of February 2014- July 2014. Overall 1043 people fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed, and anthropometric measurements were taken, followed by blood pressure readings and awareness of own hypertensive status. Data was compiled, edited, classified, and analyzed. The prevalence of hypertensive patients was obtained and physical and behavioral risk factors were analyzed for association.Results: The prevalence of hypertension in adults above 18 years of age was 25.6% with mean age of hypertensive patients was 48.58±15.75 yrs. Hypertension was significantly associated with age, habit of adding extra salt to cooked food, family history, BMI and consumption of smokeless form of tobacco among the study participants. Hypertension was not significantly associated with gender and religion of the participants. Of the 267 hypertensives, 40.82% were aware of their hypertensive status and amongst those aware 61.46% were on anti-hypertensives.Conclusions: Hypertension is a public health problem affecting slum population as well. It is significantly associated with risk factors, which are modifiable. The awareness of hypertensive status is low, the under treatment is lower. The population in slum, with its poor literacy, low awareness and income levels provides an opportunity to make an intervention necessary as well as challenging.