Bibliografie tematiche / Time-Of-Use tariffs of electricity

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Time-Of-Use tariffs of electricity"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 21 dicembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Time-Of-Use tariffs of electricity"

1

Andruszkiewicz, Jerzy, Józef Lorenc e Agnieszka Weychan. "Price-Based Demand Side Response Programs and Their Effectiveness on the Example of TOU Electricity Tariff for Residential Consumers". Energies 14, n. 2 (7 gennaio 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020287.

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Abstract (sommario):
Demand side response is becoming an increasingly significant issue for reliable power systems’ operation. Therefore, it is desirable to ensure high effectiveness of such programs, including electricity tariffs. The purpose of the study is developing a method for analysing electricity tariff’s effectiveness in terms of demand side response purposes based on statistical data concerning tariffs’ use by the consumers and price elasticity of their electricity demand. A case-study analysis is presented for residential electricity consumers, shifting the settlement and consequently the profile of electricity use from a flat to a time-of-use tariff, based on the comparison of the considered tariff groups. Additionally, a correlation analysis is suggested to verify tariffs’ influence of the power system’s peak load based on residential electricity tariffs in Poland. The presented analysis proves that large residential consumers aggregated by tariff incentives may have a significant impact on the power system’s load and this impact changes substantially for particular hours of a day or season. Such efficiency assessment may be used by both energy suppliers to optimize their market purchases and by distribution system operators in order to ensure adequate generation during peak load periods.
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2

Andruszkiewicz, Jerzy, Józef Lorenc e Agnieszka Weychan. "Price-Based Demand Side Response Programs and Their Effectiveness on the Example of TOU Electricity Tariff for Residential Consumers". Energies 14, n. 2 (7 gennaio 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020287.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Demand side response is becoming an increasingly significant issue for reliable power systems’ operation. Therefore, it is desirable to ensure high effectiveness of such programs, including electricity tariffs. The purpose of the study is developing a method for analysing electricity tariff’s effectiveness in terms of demand side response purposes based on statistical data concerning tariffs’ use by the consumers and price elasticity of their electricity demand. A case-study analysis is presented for residential electricity consumers, shifting the settlement and consequently the profile of electricity use from a flat to a time-of-use tariff, based on the comparison of the considered tariff groups. Additionally, a correlation analysis is suggested to verify tariffs’ influence of the power system’s peak load based on residential electricity tariffs in Poland. The presented analysis proves that large residential consumers aggregated by tariff incentives may have a significant impact on the power system’s load and this impact changes substantially for particular hours of a day or season. Such efficiency assessment may be used by both energy suppliers to optimize their market purchases and by distribution system operators in order to ensure adequate generation during peak load periods.
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3

Sundt, Swantje, Katrin Rehdanz e Jürgen Meyerhoff. "Consumers’ Willingness to Accept Time-of-Use Tariffs for Shifting Electricity Demand". Energies 13, n. 8 (13 aprile 2020): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081895.

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Abstract (sommario):
Time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariffs represent an instrument for demand side management. By reducing energy demand during peak times, less investments in otherwise necessary, costly, and CO2 intensive redispatch would be required. We use a choice experiment (CE) to analyze private consumers’ acceptance of TOU tariffs in Germany. In our CE, respondents choose between a fixed rate tariff and two TOU tariffs that differ by peak time scheme and by a control of appliances’ electricity consumption during that time. We use a mixed logit model to account for taste heterogeneity. Moreover, investigating decision strategies, we identify three different strategies that shed light on drivers of unobserved taste heterogeneity: (1) Always choosing the status quo, (2) always choosing the maximum discount, and (3) choosing a TOU tariff but not always going for the maximum discount. Overall, about 70% of our 1398 respondents would choose a TOU tariff and shift their electricity demand, leading to a decline in energy demand during peak times. Rough estimates indicate that this would lead to significant savings in electricity generation, avoiding up to a mid to large-sized fossil-fuel power plant.
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Sundt, Swantje. "Influence of Attitudes on Willingness to Choose Time-of-Use Electricity Tariffs in Germany. Evidence from Factor Analysis". Energies 14, n. 17 (31 agosto 2021): 5406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175406.

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Abstract (sommario):
Time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariffs are a demand side measure to ease balancing of demand and supply to cope with a rising share of renewables in a country’s electricity mix. In general, consumers require compensation for accepting these tariffs. This study analyzes how attitudes drive consumers’ willingness to choose a TOU tariff in Germany. To identify attitudinal profiles, I use an exploratory factor analysis on items capturing positive and negative attitudes towards TOU tariffs, climate change awareness, and belief in energy saving measures. I use these factors as predictors in an ordered logit specification to estimate consumers’ stated willingness to choose a TOU tariff. Three factors are significant: positive and negative attitudes towards TOU tariffs, and climate change awareness. These findings highlight that decision makers who aim at balancing demand and supply through the use of TOU tariffs should focus on informing consumers about the positive impacts of these tariffs on climate change mitigation, grid stability, and possible energy savings.
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Rathod, Ravindra R., e Rahul Dev Garg. "Design of electricity tariff plans using gap statistic for K-means clustering based on consumers monthly electricity consumption data". International Journal of Energy Sector Management 11, n. 2 (5 giugno 2017): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2016-0005.

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Purpose Electricity consumption around the world and in India is continuously increasing over the years. Presently, there is a huge diversity in electricity tariffs across states in India. This paper aims to focus on development of new tariff design method using K-means clustering and gap statistic. Design/methodology/approach Numbers of tariff plans are selected using gap-statistic for K-means clustering and regression analysis is used to deduce new tariffs from existing tariffs. The study has been carried on nearly 27,000 residential consumers from Sangli city, Maharashtra State, India. Findings These tariff plans are proposed with two objectives: first, possibility to shift consumer’s from existing to lower tariff plan for saving electricity and, second, to increase revenue by increasing tariff charges using Pay-by-Use policy. Research limitations/implications The study can be performed on hourly or daily data using automatic meter reading and to introduce Time of Use or demand based tariff. Practical implications The proposed study focuses on use of data mining techniques for tariff planning based on consumer’s electricity usage pattern. It will be helpful to detect abnormalities in consumption pattern as well as forecasting electricity usage. Social implications Consumers will be able to decide own monthly electricity consumption and related tariff leading to electricity savings, as well as high electricity consumption consumers have to pay more tariff charges for extra electricity usage. Originality/value To remove the disparity in various tariff plans across states and country, proposed method will help to provide a platform for designing uniform tariff for entire country based on consumer’s electricity consumption data.
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Muratov, Khakim, Kamoliddin Kadirov, Alijon Kushev e Xulkaroy Yusupaliyeva. "Increase efficiency at the expense of changing the working mode using time-differentiated tariffs". E3S Web of Conferences 563 (2024): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456301011.

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This article is devoted to the issue of the role of tariffs in the energy system and the creation of methods for managing and improving electricity consumption regimes with the correct use of tariff periods in electricity consumption. Taking into account the above-mentioned issue, it is possible to smooth the load schedule of the system of electrical energetics by managing the power consumption regimes of industrial enterprises with the correct use of tariff periods. The use of a time-differentiated tariff system for electricity consumption will increase the energy efficiency of industrial enterprises and settling the load schedule the system of electrical energetics.
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Fayziyev, Makhmanazar, Yunus Ochilov, Komoliddin Nimatov e Ruslan Mustayev. "Analysis of payment priority for electricity consumed in industrial enterprises on the base of classified tariffs". E3S Web of Conferences 384 (2023): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338401039.

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The following issues are considered and resolved in the article: the advantage of using tariffs stratified by time to increase the efficiency of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises; Analysis of the tariff system in the electric power system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the essence of the effectiveness of the application of differentiated tariffs; In order to justify the application of time-differentiated tariffs, the electricity consumption of the industrial enterprise is analyzed; parameters of electricity consumption are optimized according to different tariffs. In order to regulate the load schedule of the energy system using time-graded tariffs in the morning and evening “peak” periods, a method of reducing the load in "peak" periods is proposed in exchange for increasing energy consumption in the night periods.
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Zeng, Zhiqiang, Xiaobin Chen e Kaiyao Wang. "Energy Saving for Tissue Paper Mills by Energy-Efficiency Scheduling under Time-of-Use Electricity Tariffs". Processes 9, n. 2 (31 gennaio 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020274.

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Abstract (sommario):
Environmental concerns and soaring energy prices have brought huge pressure of energy saving and emission reduction to tissue paper mills. Electricity is one of the main energy sources of tissue paper mills. The production characteristics of tissue paper mills make it easy to decrease energy cost by using time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariffs. This study investigates the bi-objective energy-efficiency scheduling of tissue paper mills under time-of-use electricity tariffs, the objectives of which are makespan and energy cost. First, considering the processing energy cost, setup energy cost, and transportation energy cost, an energy cost model of a tissue paper mill under TOU electricity tariffs is established. Second, the energy-efficiency scheduling model under TOU electricity tariffs is built based on the energy cost model. Finally, on the basis of decomposition and teaching–learning optimization, this study proposes a novel multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and further combined with the variable neighborhood search to solve the problem. The case study results demonstrate that our study of tissue paper mill energy saving is feasible, and the proposed method has better performance than the existing methods.
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Zaki, Dina A., e Mohamed Hamdy. "A Review of Electricity Tariffs and Enabling Solutions for Optimal Energy Management". Energies 15, n. 22 (15 novembre 2022): 8527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228527.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Today, electricity tariffs play an essential role in the electricity retail market as they are the key factor for the decision-making of end-users. Additionally, tariffs are necessary for increasing competition in the electricity market. They have a great impact on load energy management. Moreover, tariffs are not taken as a fixed approach to expense calculations only but are influenced by many other factors, such as electricity generation, transmission, distribution costs, and governmental taxation. Thus, electricity pricing differs significantly between countries or between regions within a country. Improper tariff calculation methodologies in some areas have led to high-power losses, unnecessary investments, increased operational expenses, and environmental pollution due to the non-use of available sustainable energy resources. Due to the importance of electricity tariffs, the authors of this paper have been inspired to review all electricity tariff designs used worldwide. In this paper, 103 references from the last ten years are reviewed, showing a detailed comparison between different tariff designs and demonstrating their main advantages and drawbacks. Additionally, this paper reviews the utilized electricity tariffs in different countries, focusing on one of the most important countries in the Middle East and North Africa regions (Egypt). Finally, some recommended solutions based upon the carried-out research are discussed and applied to the case study for electricity tariff improvement in this region. This review paper can help researchers become aware of all the electricity tariff designs used in various countries, which can lead to their design improvements by using suitable software technologies. Additionally, it will increase end-users’ awareness in terms of deciding on the best electricity retail markets as well as optimizing their energy usage.
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Kаdirov, Kamoliddin, Khakim Muratov e Аlijon Kushev. "Possibilities of managing electricity consumption through the application of time-classified tariffs". E3S Web of Conferences 434 (2023): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343401009.

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Abstract (sommario):
This manuscript is devoted to the issue of smoothing the load schedule of enterprises in “peak” periods in return for using the results of energy audits and applying a system of time-classified tariffs. Considering the mentioned issue above, using the results of the energy inspection and using the system of time-classified tariffs will create an opportunity to achieve smoothing the load schedule of the electric power system during “peak” periods. The use of the time-classified tariff system by consumers will reduce the loading period of the electric power system and change its regimes.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Time-Of-Use tariffs of electricity"

1

Essa, Fagmie. "The effectiveness of electricity time of use tariffs in the Western Cape". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10432.

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Abstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-185).
In South Africa, Time of Use (TOU) tariffs have been available to Eskom's customers since 1986. TOU tariffs are intended to encourage users to avoid using electrical energy during the periods at which the national electricity system is stressed during normal operating conditions, i.e. peak periods. It has not always been clear how customers were responding to the different types of Eskom tariffs. A study was done of Eskom's Large Power Users (LPUs) in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Customers were categorised into City of Cape Town (CCT), 2 types of KSACS customers, Agricultural, Non-Agricultural and Rural Municipalities. At least 30 customers within a category were selected as a sample of that category.
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Nicolson, Moira Lindsey. "Using behavioural science to increase consumer adoption of time-of-use electricity tariffs : evidence from survey and field experiments". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044460/.

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A challenge for realising the benefits of smart meters, promoting energy security and decarbonising electricity is encouraging domestic consumers to switch from flat-rate electricity tariffs to a new generation of time of use (TOU) tariffs. However, a greater challenge is how to ensure that the right consumers sign up and that consent is informed: not all consumers will save money on a TOU tariff and evidence shows that a sizeable minority could be financially worse off. In a marked departure from the existing literature, this thesis argues that opt-out enrolment (a type of ‘nudge’) is unlikely to be a suitable method of recruiting consumers onto TOU tariffs, even though it could achieve almost universal enrolment. The first study shows that half of British energy consumers are unable to make informed choices about the cost-effective tariff for them, particularly those in low socio-economic grades. Consumers are therefore unlikely to opt-out of being switched onto a TOU tariff, even when unsuitable. Results from three further studies covering a collective sample size of 16,000 participants, show that tailoring the marketing of TOU tariffs towards electric vehicle (EV) owners could increase demand for TOUs amongst EV owners whilst reducing demand amongst non-EV owners, who pose less of a burden to the electricity network and are less likely to save money from switching. Unlike opt-out enrolment, tailored marketing is an ‘effective and selective’ nudge (Johnson, 2016). Unlike personalised defaults, tailored marketing can achieve informed consent. The results have implications for multiple ‘smart’ energy programmes, from signing up to TOU tariffs or direct load control contracts to participating in vehicle-to-grid services. In each case, a decision will need to be made about whether consumers will be left to opt-in or opt-out of such services, and to what extent it matters that consent is informed.
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3

Alenius, Jonas. "Analys och vidareutveckling av marknadsstyrd effekttariff inom eldistribution : En fallstudie av Sandviken Energi Elnät AB:s effekttariff". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318353.

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This master thesis evaluates the incentives of a newly implemented market controlled network tariff by analyzing consumption data and constructing a time-differentiated debiting model. The tariff was implemented by Sandviken Energi Elnät AB and the thesis evaluates its customers consumption data compared to data provided by Sundsvall Elnät AB. The differences in data is evaluated by statistical tests of Students t-test, Bayesian t-test and χ2-test with the result that no statistically significant change in user pattern can be found and thus an elucidation of the incentives must be made in the form of a hourly time-differentiated debating model. The thesis also evaluates the cost incentives of the model compared to spot prices where it is shown that the tariff model can benefit much from the spot prices hourly incentives in its hourly time-differentiated model. Five time-differentiated models were constructed and presented where three uses a color coding scheme. The conclusion is that a color coded time-differentiated tariff should give the costumers clear and cost-effective incentives.
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4

Haikola, Matilda, e Malin Söderberg. "Grid Tariff Design for Efficient Utilisation of the Distributor Grid : A qualitative study with actors on the Swedish electricity market". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279515.

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The Swedish electricity system is transitioning due to the establishment of climate policy goals and trends related to technology and demographics. The transition has resulted in an increased demand for electricity. The increased demand for electricity in combination with lack of forecasts, planning and coordination between actors in the electricity sector has led to the occurrence of grid congestion. Extending the network is time-consuming and requires substantial investments. Instead, an alternative is to utilise the available grid capacity more efficiently by implementing flexibility solutions. Flexibility can be achieved by implementing incentives such as grid tariffs. This solution has recently gained much attention in Sweden, but it is not apparent how grid tariffs should be designed. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how distribution grid tariffs could be designed to incentivise different actors to contribute to flexibility in a way that results in an efficient use of the electrical grid. A qualitative study was performed, collecting empirical data through semistructured interviews with actors in the Swedish electricity market. The aim is that the results from this thesis will act as a basis for DSOs planning to design grid tariffs with the purpose to utilise the grid more efficiently. The findings present a ToU capacity charge with off-peak periods that are free of charge as the preferable main price signal in the tariff to achieve efficient utilisation of the grid. It is further argued that other structural elements can complement the ToU capacity charge. A small fixed charge could be added in order to contribute to the cost reflectiveness of the grid tariff. A small energy charge could be incorporated in order to provide consumer with incentives to be flexible below the current metered maximum power and strengthen the signal from the ToU capacity charge. A small energy charge can avert difficulties related to providing incentives below the current metered maximum, as it still can provide some incentives to be flexible, or strengthen the signal from the ToU capacity charge. Further, the energy charge can ensure sustainability if customers respond well to a ToU capacity charge and to compensate solar PV customers. Furthermore, recommendations to further enable the grid tariffs potential to provide price signals include shifting the focus of the revenue cap from CapEx to OpEx and exploring the hampering signals of the energy tax as well as contradicting price signals from the wholesale electricity price.
Det svenska elsystemet genomgår en förändring till följd av införandet av klimatmål och trender relaterade till teknik och demografi. Denna förändring har resulterat i ett ökat effektbehov. Ett ökat effektbehov i kombination med bristande prognostisering, planering och samordning mellan aktörer inom elsektorn har lett till uppkomsten av kapacitetsbrist. Att bygga ut elnätet är tar tid och kräver större investeringar. Ett alternativ är att istället utnyttja det befintliga elnätet mer effektivt genom att implementera flexibilitetslösningar. Flexibilitet kan uppnås genom att införa incitament i form av elnätstariffer. Denna lösning har nyligen fått mycket uppmärksamhet i Sverige, men det är inte klart inte hur dessa elnätstariffer ska utformas. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur distributionsnätets tariffer kan utformas för att stimulera olika aktörer att bidra med flexibilitet på ett sätt som resulterar i en effektiv användning av det befintliga elnätet. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes där empiriska data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer på den svenska elmarknaden. Syftet är att resultaten från detta arbete ska fungera som ett underlag för nätägare som planerar att utforma elnätstariffer med syftet att utnyttja nätet mer effektivt. Resultaten visar att en ToU-effektavgift med gratis off-peak perioder bör vara den huvudsakliga prissignalen i en elnätstariff som ämnar att utnyttja det befintliga nätet mer effektivt. Det visar även att andra strukturella element kan komplettera ToU-effektavgiften. En mindre fast avgift kan adderas i syfte att göra elnätstariffen mer kostnadsriktig. En mindre energiavgift kan införas för att ge kunder incitament att vara flexibla även under den nuvarande uppmätta maximala effekten och stärka signalen från ToU-effektavgiften. Vidare kan energiavgiften säkerställa tillräckliga intäkter för nätägaren om kunderna svarar bra på en ToU-effektavgift och för att kompensera kunder med solceller. Ytterligare rekommendationer för att möjliggöra prissignaler genom elnätstariffer inkluderar att skifta fokus på intäktsramen från CapEx till OpEx och utforska de hämmande prissignalerna från energiskatten och de motstridiga prissignalerna från elhandelspriset.
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5

Wang, Xinyue. "Optimizing customer satisfaction and energy costs for flow shop scheduling". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2024/interne/2024UPASG080.pdf.

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Les problèmes de planification liés aux tarifs multi-agents et au temps d'utilisation de l'électricité sont devenus des sujets de recherche d'actualité pour améliorer la satisfaction des clients et équilibrer l'offre et la demande en électricité. Les existant travaux révèlent que : 1) la plupart des problèmes d'ordonnancement se concentrent sur des configurations bi-agents ; 2) la plupart des recherches sur l'ordonnancement dans le cadre des tarifs horaires limitent aux machines uniques ou parallèles ou aux ateliers simplifiés ; et 3) très peu d'études prennent en compte des hypothèses réalistes, telles que les arrivées des tâches et les dates d'échéance souhaitées par les clients. Pour combler ces lacunes, cette thèse explore trois nouveaux problèmes d'ordonnancement flowshop qui intégrant successivement l'aspect de multi-agents et de tarifs horaires de l'électricité, tout en prenant en compte des hypothèses réalistes telles que les dates disponibles de tâches, les dates d'échéance et les activités de maintenance. Premièrement, un problème d'ordonnancement de flowshop et multi-agents avec dates de disponibilité et sous deux scénarios est étudié. L'objectif est de minimiser le temps total de réalisation des agents et le retard maximum. Pour obtenir une solution optimale pour les instances de petite taille, un algorithme de séparation et évaluation combinant des bornes inférieures et des stratégies d'élagage est développé. Pour les instances de taille moyenne, un algorithme co-évolutif intégrant des techniques d'apprentissage par renforcement est proposé pour obtenir des solutions proches d'optimum. Des expériences numériques démontrent l'efficacité des méthodes proposées.Deuxièmement, un bi-objectif problème d'ordonnancement de flowshop avec tarifs horaires de l'électricité est adressé. L'objectif est de trouver le meilleur compromis entre le coût total de l'électricité et le retard maximum. Basé sur l'analyse du problème, des inégalités valides sont conçues pour réduire l'espace de recherche.Ensuite, une méthode de contrainte ε combinant taille de pas maximale et stratégie d'inversion est proposée pour obtenir le front de Pareto. Pour les instances de taille moyenne et grande, un algorithme d'optimisation des mouches à fruits en deux étapes est appliqué pour obtenir un front de approché. Les performances des algorithmes proposés sont évaluées à travers diverses expériences numériques.Enfin, un problème d'ordonnancement de flowshop et multi-agents avec tarifs horaires de l'électricité est étudié. L'objectif est de minimiser le temps total de réalisation des agents et le coût total de l'électricité, simultanément. Un nouveau algorithme de séparation et évaluation est conçu pour résoudre le problème, dans lequel une stratégie de branchement à deux nœuds et des règles d'élagage sont fournies pour réduire efficacement le temps de calcul. La performance de l'algorithme proposé est évaluée en comparant les résultats proposés par un solveur commercial CPLEX
Multi-agent and time-of-use (ToU) tariff of electricity related scheduling problems have become hot research topics in production scheduling to improve customer satisfaction and balance electricity supply and demand.Existing works reveal that: 1) most multi-agent scheduling focuses on bi-agent problems; 2) most scheduling research under ToU tariffs addresses single and parallel machine, or simplified shop environments; and 3) very few studies consider real-world assumptions, such as dynamic job arrivals and customer-desired due dates.To bridge these research gaps, this thesis investigates three new flow shop scheduling problems which successively integrates the aspect of multi-agent and ToU tariffs, considering practical assumptions such as release dates, due dates and maintenance activities. Firstly, a multi-agent FSS problem with release dates under two scanerios is addressed. The objective is to minimize the total completion time of the agents and the maximum lateness. To obtain an optimal solution for small-size instances, a branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithm combining lower bounds and pruning strategies is developed. For medium-size instances, a co-evolutionary algorithm incorporating reinforcement learning techniques is proposed to obtain near-optimal solutions. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.Secondly, a bi-objective FSS problem under ToU tariffs is investigated. The objective is to find the best trad-off between the total electricity cost and the maximum lateness. Based on problem analysis, valid inequalities are designed to to reduce the search space. And then, an ε-constraint method combining maximum step size and inversion strategy is proposed to obtain the Pareto front. For medium- and large-size instances, a two-stage fruit fly optimization algorithm is applied to obtain an approximate Pareto front. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated through various numerical experiments.Finally, a bi-objective multi-agent FSS problem under ToU tariffs is studied. The objective is to simultaneously minimize the total completion time of agents and the total electricity cost. A new B&B algorithm is designed for the problem, in which a two-node branching strategy and pruning rules are provided to effectively reduce the computational time. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing the results proposed by a commercial solver CPLEX
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6

Ihbal, Abdel-Baset M. I. "Investigation of Energy Demand Modeling and Management for Local Communities. Investigation of the electricity demand modeling and management including consumption behaviour, dynamic tariffs, and use of renewable energy". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5678.

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Abstract (sommario):
Various forecasting tools, based on historical data, exist for planners of national networks that are very effective in planning national interventions to ensure energy security, and meet carbon obligations over the long term. However, at a local community level, where energy demand patterns may significantly differ from the national picture, planners would be unable to justify local and more appropriate intervention due to the lack of appropriate planning tools. In this research, a new methodology is presented that initially creates a virtual community of households in a small community based on a survey of a similar community, and then predicts the energy behaviour of each household, and hence of the community. It is based on a combination of the statistical data, and a questionnaire survey. The methodology therefore enables realistic predictions and can help local planners decide on measures such as embedding renewable energy and demand management. Using the methodology developed, a study has been carried out in order to understand the patterns of electricity consumption within UK households. The methodology developed in this study has been used to investigate the incentives currently available to consumers to see if it would be possible to shift some of the load from peak hours. Furthermore, the possibility of using renewable energy (RE) at community level is also studied and the results presented. Real time pricing information was identified as a barrier to understanding the effectiveness of various incentives and interventions. A new pricing criteria has therefore been developed to help developers and planners of local communities to understand the cost of intervention. Conclusions have been drawn from the work. Finally, suggestions for future work have been presented.
Libyan government
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7

Ihbal, Abdel-Baset Mostafa Imbarek. "Investigation of energy demand modeling and management for local communities : investigation of the electricity demand modeling and management including consumption behaviour, dynamic tariffs, and use of renewable energy". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5678.

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Various forecasting tools, based on historical data, exist for planners of national networks that are very effective in planning national interventions to ensure energy security, and meet carbon obligations over the long term. However, at a local community level, where energy demand patterns may significantly differ from the national picture, planners would be unable to justify local and more appropriate intervention due to the lack of appropriate planning tools. In this research, a new methodology is presented that initially creates a virtual community of households in a small community based on a survey of a similar community, and then predicts the energy behaviour of each household, and hence of the community. It is based on a combination of the statistical data, and a questionnaire survey. The methodology therefore enables realistic predictions and can help local planners decide on measures such as embedding renewable energy and demand management. Using the methodology developed, a study has been carried out in order to understand the patterns of electricity consumption within UK households. The methodology developed in this study has been used to investigate the incentives currently available to consumers to see if it would be possible to shift some of the load from peak hours. Furthermore, the possibility of using renewable energy (RE) at community level is also studied and the results presented. Real time pricing information was identified as a barrier to understanding the effectiveness of various incentives and interventions. A new pricing criteria has therefore been developed to help developers and planners of local communities to understand the cost of intervention. Conclusions have been drawn from the work. Finally, suggestions for future work have been presented.
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Soares, Henrique de Brito Aranha Machado. "Going with the wind: the time for time-of-use tariffs". Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9619.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This work project consists on the proposal of a product/service – Variable Time of Use Tariff – to enhance the innovativeness of the portfolio of EDP Comercial. This product/service is dependent on the simultaneous use of a smart meter, a home energy manager and a set of smart domestic appliances. To sustain my proposal I resorted to data about the wind energy, the use of smart meters together with time of use tariffs and the general characteristics of tariff structures in Europe. A SWOT analysis follows the description of the product/service, with one threat and one opportunity standing as major issues. The feasibility of the implementation of the tariff I propose depends entirely the future of these two factors, thus making this work project a future looking one.
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Cheng, Junheng. "Multi-criteria batch scheduling under time-of-use tariffs". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE035.

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L'industrie est le plus grand consommateur d'énergie dans le monde et la majeure partie de sa consommation est électrique. Pour moduler la consommation et équilibrer les périodes creuses et de pic, les producteurs d'électricité dans de nombreux pays pratiquent une tarification différenciée, en anglais "time-of-use (TOU) policy", afin d’encourager les industriels et les particuliers à adapter leur consommation. Cette stratégie incite les gros consommateurs industriels, en particulier le secteur semi-conducteur où la fabrication se fait souvent par lots, à réduire leurs factures d’électricité en adaptant leur production.Dans ce travail, nous étudions plusieurs problèmes d’ordonnancement de production par lots avec tarification différenciée d'électricité. Nous nous intéressons d’abord à l’ordonnancement d’une machine par lots pour minimiser le coût total d’électricité et le makespan. Le deuxième problème étudié généralise le premier en considérant le coût d’électricité pendant les périodes inactives de la machine telles que les périodes de réglage ou d'attente. Enfin, nous traitons l’ordonnancement sur machines parallèles par lots avec des pièces non identiques. Pour chacun de ces problèmes, nous construisons des modèles mathématiques appropriés, et évaluons sa complexité. Pour la résolution, nous proposons plusieurs méthodes de ɛ-contrainte dans lesquelles des sous-problèmes sont transformés en problèmes de sac-à-doc, de sacs-à-doc multiples et ou de bin packing. Nous développons aussi une méthode itérative à deux étapes. Les performances des méthodes développées sont évaluées à l'aide d'un grand nombre d'instances représentatives générées au hasard. Les résultats numériques montrent l'efficacité de ces méthodes par rapport au logiciel commercial CPLEX
The industrial sector is the largest consumer of the world's total energy and most of its consumption form is electricity. To strengthen the grid's peak load regulation ability, time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing policy has been implemented in many countries to encourage electricity users to shift their consumption from on-peak periods to off-peak periods. This strategy provides a good opportunity for manufacturers to reduce their energy bills, especially for energy-intensive ones, where batch scheduling is often involved. In this thesis, several bi-objective batch scheduling problems under TOU tariffs are studied. We first investigate a single machine batch scheduling problem under TOU tariffs with the objectives of minimizing total electricity cost and makespan. This primary work is extended by further considering machine on/off switching. Finally, a parallel batch machines scheduling problem under TOU tariffs with non-identical job sizes to minimize total electricity cost and number of enabled machines is studied. For each of the considered problems, appropriate mathematical models are established, their complexities are demonstrated. Different bi-objective resolution methods are developed, including knapsack problem heuristic based ɛ-constraint method, multiple knapsack problem heuristic based ɛ-constraint method, bin packing heuristic based ɛ-constraint method and two-stage heuristic based iterative search algorithm. The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated by randomly generated instances. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed algorithms are more efficient and/or effective for the studied problems than the commercial software CPLEX
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Beggs, Clive. "The use of ice thermal storage with real time electricity pricing". Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10674.

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The thesis investigates the application of ice thermal storage technology to situations where the price of electricity varies continuously with instantaneous network demand. A central hypothesis is postulated in chapter 1, which states: "A variable electricity pricing structure, in which unit price continuously varies in response to instantaneous network demand, enhances the opportunities and benefits of ice thermal storage. The benefits both financial and environmental are dependent on the establishment of control and design strategies which optimise performance by matching refrigeration load with the instantaneous electricity price. " For ease of reference, the form of pricing described above is referred to in the thesis as 'real time' electricity pricing. The 'pool price' which is used to facilitate the competitive electricity awkct in England and Wales, is one of the foremost examples of real time pricing. The thesis therefore uses the electricity supply industry in the UK as its research vehicle. Notwithstanding this, the work contained in the thesis can be applied to any country which applies real time electricity pricing mechanisms. The validity of the hypothesis is assessed in the thesis through the development of a variety of numerical and computer models. These models fall into two distinct categories; those concerned with predicting and optimising the financial benefits of ice thermal storage, and those concerned with predicting and optimising the environmental benefits of ice thermal storage. Chapters 2,3 and 4 should be treated as support chapters, which equip the reader with the prerequisite knowledge necessary to understand the research work contained in the later chapters. As such, these chapters contain, respectively, a description of the electricity supply industry in the UK, a discussion of demand side management in the UK, and a description of the technology involved in ice thermal storage. The parametric study contained in chapter 4 is however an original piece of research work by the author. The models developed to evaluate and optimise the economic benefits of ice thermal storage are presented in chapters 5 and 6, and are applied to contrasting theoretical case study applications, namely an office building and a dairy. In chapter 5a 'long hand' numerical analysis technique is used. In chapter 6 this technique is rationalised and developed into a computer model for optimising both the design and control of ice storage installations in real time electricity pricing applications. The environmental studies are presented in chapter 7. These concentrate on the ability of ice thermal storage to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Although the overall objective of the chapter is to evaluate the carbon dioxide emissions associated with ice thermal storage, the bulk of the chapter is concerned with the development of a model for predicting the carbon dioxide emissions per kWh of delivered electrical energy in England and Wales on a time related basis. The development of this 'time of day' carbon dioxide model is one of the main objectives of the thesis. Having established this model, it is then used to analyse the carbon dioxide emissions associated with the dairy case study.
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Libri sul tema "Time-Of-Use tariffs of electricity"

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Schenkel, Mark. The effects of time-of-use electricity rates on New York dairy farms. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1994.

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Schenkel, Mark. The effects of time-of-use electricity rates on New York dairy farms. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1994.

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3

Henley, Andrew. Multivariate analysis of variance of consumption data from a British time-of-use electricity pricing experiment. Canterbury: University of Kent at Canterbury, 1993.

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Beggs, C. B. The use of ice thermal storage with real time electricity pricing. Leicester: De Montfort University, 1995.

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Borenstein, Severin. Wealth transfers from implementing real-time retail electricity pricing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Borenstein, Severin. Wealth transfer from implementing real-time retail electricity pricing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Poirier, Dale J. Individual household demand for electricity in the Ontario time-of-use pricing experiment. Toronto: University of Toronto,Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, 1985.

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Caves, Douglas W. The feasibility of conducting an electricity real-time pricing experiment in Maryland. Annapolis, Md: The Division, 1989.

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Centre for Development Studies (Trivandrum, India), a cura di. Modeling optimal time-differential pricing of electricity under uncertainty: Revisiting the welfare foundations. Thiruvananthapuram: Centre for Development Studies, 2012.

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Acton, Jan Paul. Response to time-of-day electricity rates by large business customers: Reconciling conflicting evidence. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1987.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Time-Of-Use tariffs of electricity"

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Alves, Maria João, Carlos Henggeler Antunes e Inês Soares. "Optimizing Prices and Periods in Time-of-use Electricity Tariff Design Using Bilevel Programming". In Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43680-3_1.

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Safaei, Samaneh, Farshid Keynia, Sam Haghdady, Azim Heydari e Mario Lamagna. "Design of CCHP System with the Help of Combined Chiller System, Solar Energy, and Gas Microturbine". In The Urban Book Series, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_9.

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AbstractThis work was conducted to design a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system with photovoltaic energy which provides simultaneous generation of electricity, heat, and cold for a high-rise office building (23 floors) in the city of Mashhad in Iran. Our strategy was to supply load electric, thermal, and refrigeration with the help of solar energy. In addition, its superiority over other systems was evaluated. Analysis and study of solar radiation and the maximum level of solar panels use, according to the architectural plan, were carried out at the project site. The analysis of shadow points, the use of inverters and electrical detectors to increase the maximum solar power, and its cost-effectiveness were carefully studied via PVSOL software. Additionally, the amount of heat, cold, and electricity consumption was accurately calculated according to international standards and utilizing HAP software. The criteria for saving on the initial cost reduction, carbon dioxide emission reduction, operating cost reduction, payback period, revenue, and the minimum life expectancy of the equipment compared to those in other methods were also evaluated. The results obtained from the designed system of simultaneous generation of electricity, heat, and refrigeration, which combines gas microturbines as the primary stimulus, a combination of absorption and compression chiller to provide refrigeration load, a boiler for auxiliary heat load, and a thermal photovoltaic system to produce both electric and thermal loads, were finally revealed. This is believed to be a cost-effective strategy for high-rise residential or commercial buildings with a geographical location like that of Mashhad. Based on the electricity sales to the grid, with the rate of increase in inflation in electricity tariffs, this design in the Mashhad project was estimated to have an annual income of 166.676 thousand dollars. Moreover, the initial capital return period in this project was calculated to be 5.19 years.
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Hayat, Muhammad Adnan, Farhad Shahnia e Ali Arefi. "Efficient Seasonal Time of Use Feed-in Tariff for Residential Rooftop Solar Panels in Australian Electricity Market". In Transition Towards 100% Renewable Energy, 171–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69844-1_16.

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Panny, Julia, Anne Held, Jenny Winkler, Barbara Breitschopf, Eberhard Jochem e Rainer Walz. "From Niche to Mainstream: Exploring Innovation and Progress of Renewable Energy Development". In Sustainability and Innovation, 195–235. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66100-6_8.

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AbstractThis article explores the evolution of research in the field of renewable energy over the past five decades, tracing its development through various phases. Initially sparked by the 1970s energy crises and growing environmental consciousness, the journey began with a focus on technological solutions for renewables. The article highlights the shift over time away from purely technology-driven research to a broader, interdisciplinary orientation. Following the first phase of exploring technology solutions, we discuss the market expansion phase of renewables, their market integration as well as the current speeding up of the transition towards a more and more renewable electricity system. We highlight the evolution of support mechanisms and concomitant scientific debate that accompanied the move from quota obligations to feed-in tariffs. With renewables now a key element in achieving climate neutrality, research has expanded to include market and system integration, the socio-economic impacts of the renewable energy expansion, and systems transformation perspectives. The article underscores the contribution of different types of institutions and players in shaping renewable energy research and policy, emphasising the increasing importance of a systemic and interdisciplinary approach to address current energy and sustainability challenges in a holistic manner.
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Dadfar, Sajjad. "Robust Energy Procurement Under Time-of-Use Pricing". In Robust Energy Procurement of Large Electricity Consumers, 145–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03229-6_8.

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Cheng, Junheng, Feng Chu e Peng Wu. "Multi-Criteria Single Batch Machine Scheduling Under Time-of-Use Tariffs". In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 217–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43177-8_11.

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Pihnastyi, Oleh, e Georgii Kozhevnikov. "Effective Conveyor Belt Control Based on the Time-Of-Use Tariffs". In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 366–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66717-7_31.

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Wong, Pui Ting, e Yuan Xu. "Estimating residential electricity and CO2 intensity of time-use activity". In Residential Electricity Consumption in Urbanizing China, 68–107. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429291708-3.

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Micena, Raul Pereira, Paulo Sérgio Duque de Brito, Celso Eduardo Tuna e José Luz Silveira. "Electricity and Hydrogen Generation from Food and Vegetable Wastes – Technical and Economic Analysis". In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering, 198–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_29.

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AbstractThe city of Guaratinguetá, Brazil, produces 104 tons of MSW daily, 45.3% of which is its organic fraction, and the rest is divided between recyclable material and waste without use. This study proposes the calculation of the biogas production potential from the anaerobic digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). This fraction is mainly composed of food residues, such as fruits and vegetables, as well as paper and cardboard, among others, being a compound able to be processed in a biodigester. A production potential of 3,1 Nm3 of biogas per day, or 3,6 kg/day, was calculated. An electricity generation potential of 6.3 MWh/day was calculated. Considering the use of all this electrical potential in a water electrolysis process, a production potential of 107 kg/day of electrolytic hydrogen was calculated. An economic analysis of electricity generation is carried out, resulting in a cost of electricity between 34.7 and 41.2 USD/MWh, depending on the interest rate applied. The payback of the investment in electricity generation was calculated between 3 and 4 years, considering the local electricity tariff of 74 USD/MWh.
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Jhaveri, Aakash, e Santanu Bandyopadhyay. "Incorporating the Effect of Time-of-Use Tariffs in the Extended Conservation Supply Curve". In Energy Systems and Management, 269–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16024-5_26.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Time-Of-Use tariffs of electricity"

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Zheng, Bowen, Chang Liu, Fangxun Li, Jinjia Cao, Xu Xu e Yongjun Li. "Economically Optimal Scheduling and Commissioning Method of Power Generation and Consumption in Steel Industries Considering Time-of-Use Tariffs". In 2024 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED), 25–31. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced63421.2024.10753959.

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Schürmann, Lennart. "IMPACT OF REFERENCE ELECTRICITY MARKET SELECTION FOR REAL-TIME ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ON EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OPERATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF AN INLAND PORT TERMINAL". In 37th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS 2024), 1890–901. Zografos, Greece: ECOS 2024, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/077185-0162.

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Zhao, Bincai, Haitao Wu, Haili Huang, Hongli Duan e Chao Song. "Analysis of the Impact of Time-sharing Tariff Policy on Regional Electricity Loads". In 2024 IEEE 7th Student Conference on Electric Machines and Systems (SCEMS), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scems63294.2024.10756332.

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Gao, Xiaowen, Dongming Song, Yongqiang Mao e Liping He. "Short-Term Load Forecasting Method with Dynamic Response to Time-of-Use Electricity Pricing". In 2024 6th International Conference on Energy Systems and Electrical Power (ICESEP), 587–90. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icesep62218.2024.10652197.

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Ali, Qais, Maria Luisa Di Silvestre, Pio Lombardi, Eleonora Riva Sanseverino e Gaetano Zizzo. "Time-of-Use Electricity Utilization for EV Charging Through Smart Systems with Battery Integration". In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2024 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope61470.2024.10751669.

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Narwariya, Jyoti, Chetan Verma, Pankaj Malhotra, Lovekesh Vig, Easwara Subramanian e Sanjay Bhat. "Electricity Consumption Forecasting for Out-of-Distribution Time-of-Use Tariffs". In AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence with Biased or Scarce Data (AIBSD). Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmsf2022003001.

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Cheng, Xingrui, Feng Gao, Chaobo Yan, Xiaohong Guan, Kun Liu, Siyun Chen, Nana Yao e Jing Cai. "Permutation flow shop scheduling with delay time under time-of-use electricity tariffs". In 2016 12th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2016.7578700.

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Khezri, Rahmat, Amin Mahmoudi, Mohammed H. Haque e Kaveh Khalilpour. "Energy Management and Optimal Planning of a Residential Microgrid with Time-of-Use Electricity Tariffs". In 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce47101.2021.9595208.

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Li, Nan, Peng Wu, Yun Wang e Junheng Cheng. "Energy-conscious Single-machine Scheduling Problem with Release Dates under Time-of-use Electricity Tariffs". In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem55944.2022.9989820.

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Kang, Zhuoran, Rongheng Lin, Hua Zou, Xiaowei Liu e Rui Jiao. "Optimization Strategy for Time-Of-Use Tariffs on the Electricity Generation-Sales Side Considering Customer Demand Response". In 2021 IEEE 23rd Int Conf on High Performance Computing & Communications; 7th Int Conf on Data Science & Systems; 19th Int Conf on Smart City; 7th Int Conf on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud & Big Data Systems & Application (HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpcc-dss-smartcity-dependsys53884.2021.00367.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Time-Of-Use tariffs of electricity"

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Fuentes, Rolando. Distribution Networks Tariff Design in the Era of Decentralization: A Business Model Approach. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2020-dp24.

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In this paper we discuss the unexplored two-way relationship between distribution network tariff design and the emergence of new business models in the power sector. Distribution network tariffs have traditionally used a cost accounting method. We suggest, instead, the use of a business model framework to analyze the extent to which emerging business models in the power sector change the way electricity distribution network services are priced and packaged.
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Soummane, Salaheddine, Amro Elshurafa, Hatem Al Atawi e Frank Felder. Cross-seasonal Fuel Savings from Load Shifting in the Saudi Industrial Sector. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2022-dp01.

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Load shifting, that is, moving demand from peak to off-peak hours, is an important type of demand response. It can reduce the overall operating costs of a power system and improve the reliability of the power grid. This study estimates the financial implications of load shifting in the Saudi industrial sector. We use a national Saudi power system dispatch optimization model to simulate three scenarios. With this model, we quantify the impacts of shifting industrial loads from the peak summer to the off-peak winter months, keeping industrial electricity tariffs unchanged.
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Pueyo, Ana, Gisela Ngoo, Editruda Daulinge e Adriana Fajardo. The Quest for Scalable Business Models for Mini-Grids in Africa: Implementing the Keymaker Model in Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies, ottobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.071.

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Achieving universal electrification in sub-Saharan Africa requires creative solutions. Renewable mini-grids are a promising technology to electrify remote communities with a substantial productive demand, mainly from agro-processing. Mini-grids have experienced fast growth and there are now around 2,200 systems in the sub-Saharan Africa region. However, their economic case in the sub-continent is unclear. Most mini-grids are struggling not only to obtain a profit but also to recover costs. This Research Report describes the case of a private company in Tanzania implementing a business model for mini-grids that promotes productive uses of energy to achieve financial sustainability (the ‘Keymaker model’). A group of researchers worked jointly with the mini-grid developer to procure equipment for fish processing activities, support local entrepreneurs to use electricity productively, and to document and learn from the process. Although the business model was ultimately unsuccessful – facing high regulatory risks, high initial tariffs required to recover costs, and complex management of agro-processing activities – the project offers useful lessons and considerations for future efforts to promote mini-grids, and how public–private partnerships can help improve affordability and reduce regulatory risks.
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Haddad, J., L. A. Horta Nogueira, Germano Lambert-Torres e L. E. Borges da Silva. Energy Efficiency and Smart Grids for Low Carbon and Green Growth in Brazil: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, giugno 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007001.

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The Brazilian continental dimensions and diversified natural resources are proportional to the challenges to develop its infrastructure sustainably and supply proper public services to more than 200 million inhabitants. Energy consumption has doubled since 1990, fostered by economic growth and the expansion of middle class. In this context, promote energy efficiency, in a broad sense, is urgent and rational. Brazil has a relatively long history in promoting energy efficiency at final user level. A landmark of this process is the Brazilian Labeling Program, launched in 1984, as direct consequence of high prices of energy at that time. This program was coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality, which sets standards for evaluation, ranks the performance of energy equipment and imposes a classificatory labeling to inform consumers, with a label similar to other countries. The National Electricity Conservation Program was created in 1985 by MME and is executed by ELETROBRÁS. The energy saving induced by this program in 2013 is equivalent to 2.1% of the total electric energy consumption in the period, corresponding to the annual energy consumption of about 5 million Brazilian households. In 2001, Federal Law 10,295, also known as the Energy Efficiency Law, was approved to reinforce those energy efficiency programs, allowing the Brazilian government to establish Minimum Energy Performance Standards for appliances and energy equipment, prohibiting the commercialization of low efficiency models and promoting the progressive withdrawal of low-efficiency models. According to the National Energy Plan 2030, up to 15.5 GW of electricity generation could be saved as a result of energy efficiency in the next 20 years. The Smart Grids, adopting modern technologies in electricity distribution has been proposed in Brazil improve the quality provided in the low voltage service, reduce losses, and reduce operating costs, among others. Several regulations related to this subject, dealing with grid connection for distributed small-scale generation, the establishment of the 'hourly tariff', with the regulation of the use of PLC; and with the compulsory use of Geographic Information System. Currently, dozens pilot projects on Smart Grids are underway in the country. Two projects are presented in detail: CEMIG and AES Eletropaulo, two Brazilian power utilities.
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Chepeliev, Maksym. GTAP-Power 10 Data Base: A Technical Note. GTAP Research Memoranda, ottobre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm31.

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The purpose of this note is to document changes introduced to the GTAP-Power 10 database construction process in addition to the GTAP-Power build approach developed in Peters (2016). First, in Peters (2016) output of the electricity and heat generation sector in GTAP was split using electricity generation data only. We use heat generation volumes data to provide a more representative sectoral split and better concordance with GTAP definitions. Second, we consider data on country and year-specific shares of transformation and distribution costs in electricity tariff for 80 countries. Finally, for every reference year, we update the levelized costs of electricity generation.
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Frick, Natalie Mims, e Lisa C. Schwartz. Time-Sensitive Value of Efficiency: Use Cases in Electricity Sector Planning and Programs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1574347.

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Train, K., e G. Mehrez. Optional time-of-use prices for electricity: Analysis of PG E's experimental TOU rates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7146032.

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Train, K., e G. Mehrez. Optional time-of-use prices for electricity: Analysis of PG&E`s experimental TOU rates. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179948.

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Schittekatte, Tim, Dharik Mallapragada, Paul Joskow e Richard Schmalensee. Electricity Retail Rate Design in a Decarbonized Economy: An Analysis of Time-Of-Use and Critical Peak Pricing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, ottobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30560.

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Nakasone, Eduardo, Lorena Alcázar e Máximo Torero. Provision of Public Services and Welfare of the Poor: Learning from an Incomplete Electricity Privatization Process in Rural Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011287.

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Abstract (sommario):
The incomplete privatization of the electric sector in Peru provides a unique scenario for evaluating the impact of public versus private provision. The results in this paper suggest that management of electricity firms by the private sector leads to a significant improvement in the quality of the provision of electricity. These improvements in quality and supply of electricity provision yield some efficiency gains in terms of the time allocation of the working labor force that can be directly linked to the use of electricity. Rural households under private provision of electricity had more opportunities to work in non-farm activities, and as a result, the share of time in non-farm activities increased, indicating both a substitution effect and a potential price effect through higher non-farm wages.
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