Tesi sul tema "Timber-framed"
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Galbrun, Laurent. "Vibration transmission in timber-framed buildings". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/337.
Thomas, Geoffrey Charles. "Fire resistance of light timber framed walls and floors". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5877.
Wilson, W. A. "Non-linear racking analysis of nailed timber-framed wall panels". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46910.
Deam, Bruce Lindsay. "The seismic design and behaviour of multi-storey plywood sheathed timber framed shearwalls". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5920.
Bailey, David. "A performance evaluation of mainstream timber framed and traditional masonry housing in the UK". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33628/.
Roberts, Judith. "Tenterden houses : a study of the domestic buildings of a Kent parish in their social and economic environment". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292395.
Levander, Erika. "Addressing client uncertainty : a Swedish property owners' perspective on industrialised timber framed housing and property". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26667.
Fastighetsägare har i rollen som beställare möjligheten att ständigt förbättra nybyggnation från ett livscykelperspektiv. Dessutom kan de bidra till utveckling och ökad konkurrens inom byggbranschen genom ett tydligare kravställande och med en vilja att prova nya, icke-lokala entreprenörer och nya produktionsmetoder (Statskontoret 2009). Traditionellt byggande hävdas utgöra ett hinder för förändring (Dulaimi et al. 2003). Industriellt byggande, med byggande i fabrik och processorientering, ses som ett sätt att nå framsteg byggandet (ex Stadskontoret 2009). Industriellt byggande av flerbostadshus med trästomme för med sig samtliga fördelar med industriellt byggande. Trots detta är inte beställarna en aktiv kraft (Engström et al. 2009), en möjlig förklaring är att kunderna är osäkra (Höök 2005).Syftet med forskningen är att identifiera fastighetsägarorganisationernas osäkerheter om den industriella träbyggnadsprocessen och om industriellt byggda flerbostadshus med trästomme (ITF-alternativet), hitta mekanismer för varför osäkerheterna uppstår och föreslå åtgärder för att hantera osäkerhet inom kundorganisationer. Avhandlingen bygger på tre bifogade artiklar och en fristående teknisk rapport (Levander 2010). Empiriska data består av intervjuer, ekonomiska data, dokumentation och en enkät som har samlats in från totalt 27 svenska fastighetsägarorganisationer och på 44 ITF fastigheter, och sedan har analyseras inom två fallstudier och en fältstudie.Resultaten visar att kundernas osäkerheter främst är en fråga om tvetydighet (equivocality). Mekanismerna bakom denna är den höga komplexitet och osäkerhet inom byggbranschen generellt, tillsammans med det nya och annorlunda som ITF-alternativet medför. Det nuvarande sättet att hantera information och kommunikation inom de studerade fastighetsägarorganisationerna stödjer inte hantering av tvetydighet.Den allmänna slutsatsen är att ITF-alternativet är en radikal förändring sett ur kundernas perspektiv och representerar nyhet i flera dimensioner. Således går ITF-alternativet utanför kundernas kända referensram och medför därigenom tvetydighet. För att lösa tvetydighet krävs att kundorganisationerna möjliggör överföring av referensramar och aktivt utmanar sina nuvarande arbetssätt. Det föreslås därför att kundorganisationer behöver arbeta med osäkerhetshantering, detta för att kunna hantera och lösa både osäkerhet och tvetydighet, och därigenom bidra till framsteg inom byggandet.
Godkänd; 2010; 20100515 (erilev); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Träbyggnad/Timber Structures Examinator: Professor Lars Stehn, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Professor Jan Bröchner, Chalmers tekniska högskola Tid: Onsdag den 16 juni 2010 kl 09.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
Smiroldo, Francesco. "Increasing the seismic resilience of existing reinforced concrete framed structures by using timber-based panels". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/355186.
Heine, Christian Peter. "Effect of Overturning Restraint on the Performance of Fully Sheathed and Perforated Timber Framed Shear Walls". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35752.
Master of Science
Grossi, Paolo. "Experimental investigations on seismic Behaviour of Light Timber framed Buildings and log-house traditional constructive System". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369018.
Grossi, Paolo. "Experimental investigations on seismic Behaviour of Light Timber framed Buildings and log-house traditional constructive System". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1507/1/THESIS.pdf.
LAMARUCCIOLA, NICLA. "EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MULTI-STOREY POST-TENSIONED TIMBER FRAMED BUILDINGS WITH SUPPLEMENTAL DAMPING SYSTEMS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/147026.
Whitman, Christopher. "The distribution of historic timber-framed buildings in the UK and the impacts of their low energy retrofit". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111873/.
Sartori, Tiziano. "Comportamento strutturale di sistemi costruttivi in legno realizzati con pareti portanti intelaiate = Structural behavior of timber framed buildings". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367879.
Sartori, Tiziano. "Comportamento strutturale di sistemi costruttivi in legno realizzati con pareti portanti intelaiate = Structural behavior of timber framed buildings". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2012. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/852/1/Tesi_Tiziano_Sartori.pdf.
Hughes, Annabelle F. "The evolution and ownership of timber-framed houses within the old parish and market catchment area of Horsham, circa 1300-1650". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258723.
Andolsun, Simge. "A Study On Material Properties Of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (aac) And Its Complementary Wall Elements: Their Compatibility In Comtemporary And Historical Wall Sections". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607763/index.pdf.
and some historical traditional construction materials of Anatolia as timber, masonry and infill brick, lime based exterior and interior plasters. The results were evaluated in terms of material properties of AAC, the compatibility of AAC and its complementary elements with each other and with the historic timber framed structures in Anatolia. It was concluded that the use of AAC in repairs of historical structures could be discussed only if the original infill is lost. In addition, its cement-plasters should be avoided from the historic fabric since they introduce salt problems to the structure. In terms of vapor permeability and modulus of elasticity, water repellent finish coat was proper finishing for AAC, and AAC, especially G4, exhibited similarities with historic infill mud brick. Further studies on other compatibility parameters were, however, necessary to decide on the compatibility of AAC with its neighboring materials. Moreover, the integrity of AAC with the historic fabric needed improvement by increasing its pozzolanicity and/or producing a new intermediary repair mortar/plaster.
Kirk, Jayne Claudia. "The supply and utilisation of vernacular building timber in the rural Sussex Weald 1500-1800". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368497.
Henderson, Duncan Robert Keall. "The Performance of House Foundations in the Canterbury Earthquakes". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8741.
Sidabutar, Marsingal, e Marouf Pervin Kilic. "Väggelement i trä : Prefab vs platsbyggt". Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302364.
Prefabrication of wood wall elements in construction of villas and terraced houses is a building method undergoing growth in recent decades. Cost efficiency is often cited as a reason why prefabrication has undergone such a large growth. At the same time, the issue of environmental impact and climate change has grown. As the construction sector accounts for a large part of Sweden's carbon dioxide emissions, the construction sector needs to become more sustainable. This thesis has examined this cost-effectiveness and if it is possible to combine with environmental sustainability. To examine this more thoroughly a comparison is made with in site-built timber-framed constructed walls. The thesis has been conducted in collaboration with Skidstahus, which produces prefabricated wall elements in a factory environment, especially for data collection. Information and data have also been collected from Varbergshus / Derome producing houses in site-built timber-framed building. A cost comparison of the building methods shows that the prefabricated wall elements manufactured by Skidstahus are more cost-effective, which can be linked to work efficiency. To some extent, the thesis also shows that material use can be optimized at Skidstahus production and therefore results in less waste, which thus reduces environmental impact. Other important factors for durability and accounted life span is the building method’s ability to handle migration of moisture and airtightness. The thesis shows that prefabricated walls have challenges, as joints and connections must be well designed. At the same time, factory production allows an environment which can reduce risk of migration of moisture as it provides protection for climate and weather impact. Another aspect is that it provides a good and well-tempered work environment for the construction worker. On the other hand, it is questionable whether the use of prefabricated wall elements affects the environment as it may increase the need of transportation in relation to on site-built timber-framed walls, as transport to and from the factory is required. In addition, the prefabricated method could influence how design and architecture is carried out while a wood house made from stick timber is more easily modified. In summary, the analysis show that the use of prefabricated wood wall elements reduces building costs while at the same time it can contribute to environmental sustainability. However, further studies are required to compare the estimated life span of the two compared building methods.
Péfau, Pierre. "Construire dans les agglomérations gauloises : l'architecture des bâtiments du Second âge du Fer en Gaule interne, approche technique et socio-économique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU20015.
The study of the earthen and wooden buildings of the Late Iron Age agglomerations (3rd-1st century BC) of inner Gaul (except the Mediterranean coast) allows to develop a reflection around two research topics both little invested and complementary. Many debates concerning the characterisation of these grouped settlements and their possible urban status have thus led me to develop an interdisciplinary approach in this PhD. The aim was therefore to contribute to a better understanding of the urbanisation process and of the agglomerations (oppida and open agglomerations) features through a detailed study of architecture, allowing to define how architectural forms reveal and convey particular socio-economic dynamics. The technical study of 339 buildings, from 39 agglomerations, was based on a strict and original methodology: this combines the analysis of various types of architectural remains and taphonomic dynamics integrating both archaeological and ethnographic documentation. While a large part of these constructions is made up of earthfast posts, a significant place was given to timber-framed architecture and the use of diagonal braces. These architectural traditions were then integrated into a more global research, considering at the same time the spatial organisation of agglomerations, the use of buildings and the social status of their inhabitants, as well as the differences between rural architecture and that of grouped settlements. An interpretative model, taking into account the environmental context and all the complexity of Late Iron Age agglomerations, has thus been proposed. At least part of these grouped settlements would be characterised by the development of economies and rational management of timber and construction, craftsmen networks as well as by adaptations of architectural models to urban planning and urbanisation degree
Huber, Johannes Albert Josef. "Modelling Alternative Load Paths in Platform-Framed CLT Buildings : A Finite Element Approach". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Träteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73258.
Vieux-Champagne, Florent. "Analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique des structures à ossature en bois avec remplissage : essais expérimentaux - modélisation numérique - calculs parasismiques". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI085/document.
The seismic vulnerabilty is an important issue in the design of a building. The seismicresistant behavior of timber-framed structures is particularly relevant. Two types of timberframedstructures can be distinguished : the timber-framed structures using industrial products,such as wood-products panels used to brace the structure or metal fasteners, and traditionaltimber-framed structures included infill made of natuarl materials (earth or stones masonry).The seismic resistant behavior efficiency of traditional structures remains poorly recognizedbecause of the lack of research results on this kind of construction.Therefore, the thesis aims at improving the seismic behavior knowledge of timber-framedmasonry. Based on the assumption that their behavior is driven by the response of the metalfasteners connections, a multi-scale approach is proposed. It couples experimental and numericalstudies. At the scale 1 of the connection, at the scale 2 of the elementary constitutive cell ofwalls, at the scale 3 of structural elements such as shear walls and finally at the scale 4 of theentire building.In regards to the experimental work, this method allows, on the one hand, to perform parametricstudies and to analyze the influence of each element (wood member, nails, steel strip,infill, bracing, openings) on the local behavior (scales 1 and 2) and on the global behavior(scales 3 and 4) of the structure. On the other hand, it allows to provide a database to validatethe numerical modeling at each scale.In regards to the numerical work, this multi-scale approach allows to take into account thehysteretic behavior of joints in the development of a macro-element at the scale 2. Thus, thanksto a simplified finite element modeling (macro-element assembly), the computational cost islimited and it allows to take into account the local phenomena. The model is able to predictrelatively accurately the dynamic behavior at the scale 4 of the building, tested on a shakingtable.The study, presented herein, is one of the pioneer work that deals with the analysis of theseismic vulnerability of timber-framed structures with infill panels. This study provides outlookfor the analysis of this type of buildings. It confirms that the timbered masonry structures havea relevant seismic resistant behavior
Lukic, Relja. "Numerical modelling of the cyclic behaviour of timber-framed structures". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42871.
Ancient heritage is abundant with timber-framed structures that function as strengthening solutions with infill and as independent structural systems. In earthquake areas they have been used as seismic-resistant construction and their good behaviour during seismic events has been documented and observed. However, building typologies like Pombalino buildings in Lisbon have not experienced seismic activity and therefore their behaviour is unknown. Pombalino buildings and others are under risk of failure during seismic events if their mechanical behaviour is not properly quantified and understood. Traditional timber framed walls exhibit nonlinear hysteretic response under in-plane cyclic loading. To better understand their influence in the global response of buildings, it is important to define numerical modelling strategies for this type of constructive element. Therefore, the work presented in this thesis aims at better understanding the mechanical behaviour of timber frame walls based on numerical simulation. The experimental campaign by Poletti (2013) on in-place cyclic testing of traditional half-timbered frames and timber frames at the University of Minho is used as reference. Based on the experimental results, numerical models were developed that capture the cyclic response of traditional timber frame walls including flexural behaviour, pinching and strength degradation. The numerical models were constructed in the finite element software OpenSees with calibrated springs representing nailed connectors found in traditional half lap joints. 2-D nonlinear beam modelling was preferred over 3-D detailed finite element modelling to reduce computational effort. Three distinct timber frame models were developed in order to best capture the experimental response. A correlation was found between model output and experimental results and was used to develop a half-timbered frame model. These models are difficult to control nonlinear behaviour due to multiple hysteretic models that complicate analyses. A parametric study was conducted on both the half-timbered frame and timber frame by varying wall configuration and studying cumulative energy dissipation and the effect of slenderness and load capacity with increasing drift. A macro-model inspired by the macro-modelling of masonry infill walls is proposed at the end of the work as a simplified solution to avoid modelling complexity of traditional timber frames in masonry buildings while maintaining overall mechanical behaviour by concentrating all nonlinearity in the central connection.
O patromónio construído antigo é abundante em estruturas de madeira onde as ligações tradicionais predominan, funcionando como refoço da alvenaria ou como sistemas estruturias independentes. Em regiões sísmicas, as estruturas de madeira tradicionais têm sido utilizadas como construção anti-sísmica e o seu bom comportamento tem sido consttado e documentado. Todavia, tipologias construtivas como os edifícios pombalinos em Lisboa não foram ainda submetidos a eventos sísmicos e portato o seu comportamento em condições reais é desconhecido. Paredes de madeira tradicionais apresentam um comportamento histerético importante quando submetidas a acções cíclicas no plano, sendo importante compreender a sua influência no comportamento global de uma estrutura. Para este efeito será necessário definir estratégias para a modelação numéricas deste tipo de elemento construtivo. Assim, o principal objectivo do trabalho apresentado nesta tese consiste na modelação numéricas de paredes tradicionais sujeitas a acções cíclicas. O trabalho experimental realizado por Poletti (2013) é utilizado como referência pra a acalibração do modelo numérico. Com base nos resultados experimentais, modelos numéricos foram desenvolvidos para descrever a resposta experimental incluindo o comportamento em flexão, “pinching” e degradação da resistência e rigidez. Os modelos numéricos foram desenvolvidos no programa de cálculo Open Sees, sendo calibradas os elementos de mola que foram associadas à ligações tradicionais meia-madeira. Modelos numéricos bidimensionais foram preferidos aos modelos tridimensionais para reduzir o custo computacional. Foram definidos três modelos das paredes ensaiadas de modo a optimizar o ajuste do comportamento ao modelo experimental. Com base no modelo numérico que mais se aproximou dos resultados experimental foi feita uma adaptação para a modelação das paredes de mdeiras tradicionais com enchimento de alvenaria de tijolo. Verificou-se que o controlo do comportamento não linear consiste num problema complexo, principalmente no qe se relaciona com o comportamento histerético. Foi efetuado um estudo paramétrico em termos de geometria em relação às paredes de madeira com e sem preenchimento, sendo definida uma relação entre a rigidez e resistência com a relação altura e largura da parede. Finalmente, definiu-se um modelo simplificado inspirado na macro-modelação de paredes de enchimento em edifícios de betão armado na tentativa de modelar de modo simplificado as paredes de madeira tradicional em edifícios antigos.
Young, Scott. "Structural modelling of plasterboard-clad, light timber framed walls in fire". Thesis, 2000. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15517/.
Clancy, Paul. "Time and probablity of failure of timber framed walls in fire". Thesis, 1999. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15518/.
Parisse, Francesco. "Numerical modelling of the seismic performance of romanian traditional timber-framed buildings". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/62517.
Traditional architecture made of timber-framed masonry (TFM) system is widespread around the world and has already been recognized as a unique cultural heritage to be preserved. These structures have shown a good seismic performance compared to other typologies because their configuration and construction details were constantly updated as soon as the builders addressed the causes of damage mechanisms when earthquakes occurred. Romanian TFM structures can be considered a representative example of this typology also because they experienced several seismic events showing their good earthquake-resistance. Although these buildings are still inhabited nowadays and constructed, no recommendation is provided in the Romanian building code and its structural behavior is not properly characterized and modelled yet. Thus, bearing in mind that the building’s global response depends on many parameters such as TFM walls, floor and roofing system as well as the connections between them, the calibration of shear walls is crucial to define the non-linear behavior under cyclic loading. A simplified modelling strategy was chosen to simulate TFM wall response consisting of an equivalent frame with linear elastic elements and non-linearities lumped at the joints. The present thesis aimed at investigating the seismic performance of Romanian TFM walls and a representative TFM building located originally in Sarbova area, Timis County, but relocated to the National Village Museum “Dimitrie Gusti” in Bucharest, by comparing the numerical results with the measurements taken during the experimental campaign performed at Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest and the in situ dynamic investigation, respectively. The wall numerical model was calibrated by performing the procedure of inverse fitting to obtain a good approximation between the experimental hysteretic curve and the numerical one in terms of initial stiffness, maximum base shear and total dissipated energy. This model was built in the FEM software OpenSees concentrating at the joints a non-linear hysteretic spring per degree of freedom and updating its parameters starting from some experimental tests performed on comparable types of connections. Once the wall response was matched, the Romanian traditional building was modelled by applying the same equivalent frame method, but, in this case, the dynamic properties did not match perfectly to those recorded by ambient vibration tests since microtremors involve the wall in the elastic range while the wall calibration was carried out for its non-linear one. Thus, the model was updated considering an additional contribution of infill since the type of masonry was different from the one infilling the tested wall. Eventually, non-linear static analysis was performed to assess the maximum shear and deformation capacity and predict some local failures at the timber joints. The simplified equivalent frame model shows a good performance in simulating the wall response, but, for the already explained reasons, it was not completely capable of approximating the building dynamic properties. However, this strategy allows to reduce the computational efforts and, at the same time, provide information about the behavior of each connection.
A arquitetura vernacular constituída por paredes madeira com enchimento de alvenaria com estrutura de madeira (TFM) é difundida em todo o mundo e já foi reconhecida como um patrimônio cultural único que precisa de ser preservado. Essas estruturas mostraram um bom desempenho sísmico em comparação com outras tipologias, porque as suas configurações e os seus detalhes constitutivos foram constantemente atualizados assim que os construtores abordaram as causas dos mecanismos de danos quando os terremotos ocorreram. As estruturas TFM Romenas podem ser consideradas um exemplo representativo desta tipologia também porque experimentaram vários eventos sísmicos mostrando a sua boa resistência a sismos. Se bem que estes edifícios ainda sejam habitados hoje em dia e continuem a ser construídos, nenhuma recomendação é fornecida no código de construção romeno e o seu comportamento estrutural ainda não está devidamente caracterizado e modelado. Assim, tendo em conta que a resposta global do edifício depende de muitos parâmetros, tais como paredes TFM, piso e sistema de cobertura, bem como as ligações entre eles, a calibração das paredes de corte é crucial para definir o comportamento não linear sob carga cíclica. Uma estratégia simplificada de modelação foi escolhida para simular a resposta da parede TFM constituída por uma estrutura equivalente com elementos elásticos lineares e não-linearidades concentradas nas ligações. A presente tese tem como objetivo investigar o desempenho sísmico das paredes romenas TFM e de um edifício TFM representativo localizado originalmente na área de Sarbova, no distrito de Timis, mas transferido para o National Village Museum “Dimitrie Gusti” em Bucareste, comparando os resultados numéricos com os resultados obtidos durante a campanha experimental realizada na Universidade Técnica de Engenharia Civil de Bucareste e na investigação dinâmica in situ, respetivamente. O modelo numérico da parede foi calibrado utilizando um procedimento de ajuste inverso para obter uma boa aproximação entre a curva histerética experimental e a curva numérica em termos de rigidez inicial, capacidade máxima e energia total dissipada. Este modelo foi desenvolvido no software a elementos finitos OpenSees, concentrando nas ligações uma mola histerética não linear por grau de liberdade e atualizando os parâmetros a partir de alguns ensaios experimentais existentes realizados em ligações comparáveis. Uma vez que a resposta da parede foi calibrada, o edifício tradicional romeno foi modelado aplicando o mesmo método da estrutura equivalente, mas, neste caso, as propriedades dinâmicas não se ajustaram perfeitamente àquelas obtidas através dos ensaios de vibração ambiental, pois os microtremores envolvem a parede na fase elástica inicial, enquanto a calibração da parede foi realizada para a sua resposta não-linear. Assim, o modelo foi atualizado considerando uma contribuição adicional do preenchimento de alvenaria, uma vez que o tipo de alvenaria foi diferente daquele da parede ensaiada. Após desta calibração, foi realizada uma análise estática não linear para avaliar a capacidade máxima e deformação e prever alguns danos locais nas ligações de madeira. O modelo simplificado equivalente da parede mostra um bom desempenho na simulação da resposta da parede, mas, pelas razões acima explicadas, não foi completamente possível aproximar as propriedades dinâmicas do edifício. No entanto, essa estratégia permite reduzir os esforços computacionais e, ao mesmo tempo, fornecer informações sobre o comportamento de cada ligação.
La tipologia architettonica tradizionale a sistema misto legno-muratura è ampiamente diffusa in ogni parte del mondo. La sua unicità è stata riconosciuta come patrimonio culturale da salvaguardare. Tali edifici hanno dimostrato un buon comportamento sismico se paragonati ad altre tipologie strutturali. La loro configurazione, nonché I loro dettagli costruttivi, si sono costantemente evoluti per opera dei costruttori, non appena questi ultimi hanno compreso le cause dei principali meccanismi di danno che si verificano a seguito di un terremoto. Il sistema misto Rumeno può essere considerato rappresentativo di questa tipologia strutturale, soprattutto perchè il territorio è stato soggetto ad innumerevoli eventi sismici dimostrando la sua capacità resistente. Nonostante molti di questi edifici siano attualmente abitati o in costruzione, non è presente nessuna informazione riguardo la loro progettazione nel codice edilizio Rumeno, inoltre il loro comportamento non è stato ancora propriamente caratterizzato ne modellato numericamente. La risposta globale di un edificio è funzione di diverse variabili tra cui la tecnologia costruttiva di pannelli murari, diaframmi orizzontali, sistema di copertura, nonché del loro grado di connessione. Per questo motivo, la calibrazione del comportamento non lineare delle pareti resistenti soggette a carichi ciclici è di fondamentale importanza per approssimare tale risposta globale. A questo proposito è stata scelta una strategia di modellazione semplificata basata su un telaio equivalente con elementi lineari elastici e non linearità concentrate nelle connessioni. Il lavoro di tesi si rivolge in particolare allo studio del comportamento sismico dei pannelli murari Rumeni a sistema misto legno-muratura e di un edificio rappresentativo localizzato originariamente nell’area di Sarbova, contea di Timis (poi successivamente riassemblato nel Museo Nazionale “Dimitrie Gusti” di Bucarest). Tale ricerca è condotta attraverso la comparazione dei risultati numerici con quelli misurati sperimentalmente nelle prove di laboratorio eseguite su un pannello murario rappresentativo presso il Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile di Bucarest e i test di identificazione dinamica eseguiti in situ sull’edificio. Il modello numerico relativo alla parete è stato calibrato attraverso una procedura iterativa per ottenere una buona approssimazione tra la curva isteretica ottenuta sperimentalmente e quella numerica, in termini di rigidezza iniziale, forza di taglio massima alla base ed energia totale dissipata. Tale schema è stato realizzato nel software OpenSees modellando molle non lineari per ogni grado di libertà ed aggiornando i relativi parametri che definiscono la risposta isteretica partendo da test sperimentali condotti su connessioni simili. Una volta calibrato il pannello murario, è stato modellato l’edificio con la stessa strategia a telaio equivalente. In questo caso, tuttavia , le proprietà dinamiche non sono risultate perfettamente comparabili con quelle ottenute dall’identificazione dinamica, i muri dell’edificio rispondono in campo lineare elastico, mentre le proprietà delle connessioni sono state calibrate in campo non lineare plastico. Per questo motivo, il modello è stato modificato considerando il contributo di rigidezza aggiuntivo dato da una muratura in mattoni pieni, più rigida di quella presente nelle maglie del telaio testato. Infine, è stata svolta un’analisi non lineare statica al fine di stimare la massima forza alla base, la capacità deformativa del muro nonché alcune rotture locali nelle connessioni. Il modello semplificato a telaio equivalente ha evidenziato un buon grado di approssimazione con la risposta del pannello murario, ma, per le ragioni precedentemente esposte, non è stato in grado di caratterizzare dal punto di vista dinamico l’edificio. Ad ogni modo tale strategia di modellazione permette di ridurre l’onere computazionale e, allo stesso tempo, fornisce informazioni sul comportamento di ogni connessione.
Pinto, Sonia Guerra. "Numerical modelling of the seismic behavior of timber-framed structures based on macro-elements". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/62324.
Historical timber-framed structures can be found all over the world since ancient times, being able to observe a variety of procedures and construction systems which is adapted to each zone according to the materials and available knowledge. Recent earthquakes have highlighted the good anti-seismic behavior of this structural typology. Likewise, its antiquity has also evidenced a good structural capacity. The case of Pombalino Buildings are born from the need to build an anti-seismic constructive system after the earthquake of Lisbon 1755 which destroyed most part of the city. The present thesis seeks to complement the study of these buildings due to the uncertainty related to their seismic behavior since up to date there has not yet been an earthquake registered in Lisbon since 1755. The work presented in this thesis seeks a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of Pombalino structures based on finite element modelling on OpenSees program. The experimental campaign of Gonçalves (2015) is used as reference and centered on the experimental results, the developed models were calibrated. A sensitive analysis was carried out in order to determine the variants that affected the behavior of the cyclic curve and also to elaborate an adequate calibration process. Finally a macro-model was elaborated from the floorplans of an existing building and using the properties of the calibrated model, the mechanical behavior and seismic performance of the building was reproduced.
Estruturas históricas de madeira podem ser encontradas em todo o mundo, podendo ser observada uma variedade de procedimentos e sistemas construtivos adaptados à cada zona segundo os materiais e o conhecimento disponível. Sismos recentes destacaram o bom comportamento anti-sísmico de tipologia estrutural, embora ESTA sua antiguidade têm evidenciado que é bom partilha estrutural. Os recentes sismos têm destacado o bom comportamento anti-sísmico desta tipologia estrutural. Além disso, sua antiguidade também evidenciou um bom comportamento estrutural. O caso dos edifícios Pombalinos nasce da necessidade de reconstruir adotando um sistema construtivo antisísmico após o terramoto de Lisboa de 1755, que destruiu grande parte da cidade. A presente dissertação pretende complementar o estudo destes edifícios devido à incerteza relacionada com seu comportamento sísmico já que até a data ainda não se teve um terramoto registado em Lisboa desde 1755. Este assunto tem sido estudado na última decada por diferentes autores e várias campanhas experimentais e numéricas de forma a reproduzir e compreender o comportamento sísmico desta tipologia de estruturas. O trabalho apresentado nesta tese procura um melhor entendimento do comportamento mecânico das estruturas Pombalinas baseando-se em elementos finitos. A campanha experimental de Gonçalves (2015) foi utilizada como referência, em particular os resultados experimentais pelos quais os modelos numéricos foram calibrados. Uma análise de sensibilidade foi feita de modo de avaliar as variantes que afectam o comportamento da curva cíclica e também calibrar o modelo. Finalmente um macro-modelo foi aplicado num edifício existente com base nas propriedades dos modelos já calibrados, os comportamentos mecânico e sísmico do edifício foram reproduzidos.
Estructuras históricas en madera pueden ser reconocidas alrededor de todo el mundo, pudiendo observar una variedad de procedimientos y sistemas constructivos adaptados a cada zona según los materiales y conocimiento disponible. Terremotos recientes han resaltado el buen comportamiento antisísmico de esta tipología estructural. Asimismo su antigüedad también ha evidenciado un buen compartamiento estructural. El caso de los edificios Pombalino nace de la necesidad de construir un sistema constructivo antisísmico después del terremoto de Lisboa de 1755, que destruyó gran parte de la ciudad. La presente tesis pretende complementar el estudio de estos edificios debido a la incertidumbre relacionada con su comportamiento sísmico ya que hasta la fecha todavía no se ha habido un terremoto registrado en Lisboa desde 1755. Este asunto ha sido estudiado desde hace un par de años por investigadores y campañas experimentales que se han realizado buscando reproducir y comprender el comportamiento sísmico de estas estructuras. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis busca un mejor entendimiento del comportamiento mecánico de las estructuras Pombalino basándose en elementos numéricos finitos. La campaña experimental de Gonçalves (2015) se utiliza como referencia y centrándose en los resultados experimentales, modelos numéricos fueron calibrados. Un exhaustivo análisis sensitivo fue llevado a cabo de modo de determinar las variantes que afectan el comportamiento de la curva cíclica y también calibrar el modelo. Finalmente un macro-modelo fue elaborado desde la planimetría de un edificio existente y usando las propiedades de los modelos ya calibrados, el comportamiento mecánico y comportamiento sísmico del edificio fue reproducido.
Satheeskumar, Navaratnam. "Wind load sharing and vertical load transfer from roof to wall in a timber-framed house". Thesis, 2016. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/49793/1/49793-satheeskumar-2016-thesis.pdf.
Neto, João Carlos Portugal. "Otimização de estruturas porticadas de madeira lamelada colada com ligações semirrígidas". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92272.
Timber is natural and recyclable, presents a high strength-to-weight ratio, requires less energy at production than other traditional structural materials and allows a high level of prefabrication. The development of engineered wood products, such as, glulam contributed to an increasing utilization of timber solutions in different types of structures. In the design of timber structures, a special attention must be paid to the connections. The semi-rigid behaviour of moment-resisting connections leads to an interaction between the stiffness of the connection and the design of the structural members.Despite structural optimization is not commonly used in Civil Engineering design practice, the use of optimisation techniques in the design of timber structures constitutes an effective way to obtain economical, structurally efficient and sustainable solutions. Therefore, an integrated analysis and optimization numerical model was developed as a tool to assist in the design of glue laminated timber frames with semi-rigid connections. The optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of a single objective function (cost of the structure) subjected to a set of constraints related to strength and service criteria defined according to Eurocode 5 provisions. The design variables are the cross-sectional sizes of main structural members (beams and columns) and secondary structural members (purlins and bracing members), stiffness of beam-column connection and number of building’s frames. The structural analysis considers the relevant actions and effects (linear and nonlinear). The use of a genetic algorithm allows solving the optimization problem considering discrete design variables.The features and capabilities of the developed algorithm are illustrated by numerical examples concerning the optimisation of real-sized timber frames.
A madeira é um material natural e reciclável, apresenta uma elevada relação resistência-peso, requer menor energia na produção do que outros materiais estruturais tradicionais e permite um elevado nível de pré-fabricação. O desenvolvimento de produtos derivados da madeira como o glulam tem contribuído para a crescente utilização de soluções em madeira para diferentes tipos de estruturas. No projeto de estruturas de madeira deve prestar-se especial atenção ao comportamento das ligações. O comportamento semirrígido das ligações resistentes a momentos origina uma dependência entre a rigidez da ligação e o dimensionamento dos elementos estruturais.Apesar de a otimização estrutural não ser habitualmente utilizada na prática da Engenharia Civil, o uso de técnicas de otimização no projeto de estruturas de madeira constitui uma forma eficaz de obter soluções económicas, estruturalmente eficientes e sustentáveis. Deste modo, desenvolveu-se um modelo numérico integrado de análise e otimização como ferramenta de apoio ao projeto de estruturas porticadas de madeira lamelada colada considerando o comportamento semirrígido das ligações viga-pilar. O problema de otimização é formulado como a minimização de uma função objetivo (custo da estrutura) sujeita a um conjunto de restrições de modo a verificar critérios de resistência e utilização definidos de acordo com as disposições do Eurocódigo 5. As variáveis de decisão consideradas são as dimensões das secções transversais dos elementos estruturais principais (vigas e pilares) e secundários (madres e elementos de contraventamento), a rigidez das ligações viga-pilar e o número de pórticos do edifício. Na análise estrutural consideram-se os efeitos (lineares e não lineares) e ações relevantes. O recurso a um algoritmo genético permite resolver o problema de otimização considerando variáveis de decisão discretas. As características e capacidades do modelo numérico desenvolvido são ilustradas através da resolução de exemplos de aplicação relativos à otimização de pórticos de madeira de dimensões reais.
Pagano, Enrico. "La difesa dai terremoti: il sistema antisismico Baraccato". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/161629.
The doctoral dissertation concerns about architectural heritage represented by the so-called “Baraccato” houses. The most ancient Baraccato structural system was defined by the Bourbon Government in the late 18th century and it represented the anti-seismic model for the reconstruction of several italian cities between 1783 and 1908. In such constructions the load-bearing system, composed by a timber-framed masonry infill, is the result of a "seismic memory" based on a experience and pratical knowledge whose scientific validity has been mostly verified only from an empirical point of view. For this reason, the main scope of the thesis was to assess the seismic efficiency of the constructive system by defining a specific mechanical model. In addition, the research deals with the analysis and description of the typological and morphological aspects that characterize the Baraccato houses found in some examples still existing in Calabria, a region in the South of Italy. One of the most emblematic buildings of this construction technique, the Episcopal Palace of Mileto, was analyzed in detail and has been the object of analysis of the mechanical model proposed. With reference to the research areas of interest described above, the thesis consists of three main parts: Historical and constructive analysis The first part explores the genesis and spread of the Baraccato technique with regard to similar examples, widespread in the territories of high seismic risk of Italy and more generally in the world. The research shows the constructive characteristic of the Baraccato building, identifying the anti-seismic quality. In addition to the "historical reconstruction" of the Baraccato technique, the first part of the thesis contains the results of a survey on existing heritage aimed at evaluating the extent of Baraccato heritage in different centres of Calabria and its conservation status. Mechanical analysis In the central part of the thesis, the mechanical model proposed for the analysis of the most ancient Baraccato system is shown. The aim was to translate the empirical intuitions that characterize the structural configuration of the Baraccato buildings with a modern scientific language. Through a multiscale mechanical analysis, a simplified modeling methodology has been defined to describe the complex mechanical phenomena that characterize the seismic behaviour of mixed wood and masonry structures. As a matter of fact, in a first phase a micro-mechanical analysis was carried out on a single Baraccato wall, already undergoing experimental tests at the CNR-Ivalsa Laboratory of Trento in 2013, which allowed the calibration of the mechanical parameters that characterize the wall elements, like wooden frame, connections and masonry. Subsequently, the simplified analysis approach, called EFM (Equivalent Frame Method), widely used in the literature for the study of masonry structures, has been implemented for the seismic analysis of an entire Baraccato building. Case study The last part of the thesis concerns about the study of an emblematic case of eighteenth-century Baraccato house. In particular, the Bishop palace of Mileto (South Italy), because of its enormous historical, cultural and constructive value, was chosen as the subject of a specific study, aimed at application and validation of mechanical model defined. In addition, the poor state of conservation of the building has allowed to detect the original construction solutions, providing a rare testimony of the original Baraccato technique. As a matter of fact, in order to avoid the complete loss of the Bishop's Palace, affected by several collapses and acts of vandalism in the last few years, the thesis contains the results of a recovery activity, material and cultural life, promoted by the Architecture Department of Rome Tre University, which has recently led to the beginning of a procedure for affixing the architectural constraint on the Palace, which should guarantee its definitive preservation and enhancement.