Articoli di riviste: "Thin-film solar cells"

1

Benka, Stephen G. "Thin-film solar cells". Physics Today 58, n. 12 (dicembre 2005): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796845.

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Aberle, Armin G. "Thin-film solar cells". Thin Solid Films 517, n. 17 (luglio 2009): 4706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.056.

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3

Hill, Robert. "Thin film solar cells". Solar Energy 41, n. 3 (1988): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(88)90150-8.

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4

Bloss, W. H., F. Pfisterer, M. Schubert e T. Walter. "Thin-film solar cells". Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 3, n. 1 (1995): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.4670030102.

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5

Nagamalleswari, D., e Y. B. Kishore Kumar. "Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Film Solar Cells Using Chemical Synthesis". Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 15, n. 28 (28 luglio 2022): 1399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v15i28.194.

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6

Lara-Padilla, E., Maximino Avendano-Alejo e L. Castaneda. "Transparent Conducting Oxides: Selected Materials for Thin Film Solar Cells". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, n. 7 (5 luglio 2022): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22628033513.

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7

Wang, Xiao Yan, Qiong Wu, Hai Yan Li, Hai Dong Ju, Hai Yang, Jin Long Luo, Li Ying Pu, Shan Du e Hai Wang. "Thin Film Solar Cells and their Development Prospects in Yunnan". Advanced Materials Research 651 (gennaio 2013): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.29.

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Thin-film solar cells (TFSC) have made great progress during the past decade and consequently are now attracting extensive academic and commercial interest because of their potential advantages: lightweight, flexible, low cost, and high-throughput production. The strengths and weaknesses of different thin-film solar cells: amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells, multi-compound thin-film solar cells, organic thin-film solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells are discussed. Finally, prospects for the development of thin film solar cell technology in Yunnan province are discussed.

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8

GWAK, Jihye. "Compound Thin-Film Solar Cells". Physics and High Technology 28, n. 5 (31 maggio 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.28.017.

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9

Suntola, T. "CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells". MRS Bulletin 18, n. 10 (ottobre 1993): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940003829x.

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Cadmium telluride is currently the most promising material for high efficiency, low-cost thin-film solar cells. Cadmium telluride is a compound semiconductor with an ideal 1.45 eV bandgap for direct light-to-electricity conversion. The light absorption coefficient of CdTe is high enough to make a one-micrometer-thick layer of material absorb over 99% of the visible light. Processing homogenous polycrystalline thin films seems to be less critical for CdTe than for many other compound semiconductors. The best small-area CdTe thin-film cells manufactured show more than 15% conversion efficiency. Large-area modules with aperture efficiencies in excess of 10% have also been demonstrated. The long-term stability of CdTe solar cell structures is not known in detail or in the necessary time span. Indication of good stability has been demonstrated. One of the concerns about CdTe solar cells is the presence of cadmium which is an environmentally hazardous material.

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10

Beaucarne, Guy. "Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells". Advances in OptoElectronics 2007 (17 dicembre 2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/36970.

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We review the field of thin-film silicon solar cells with an active layer thickness of a few micrometers. These technologies can potentially lead to low cost through lower material costs than conventional modules, but do not suffer from some critical drawbacks of other thin-film technologies, such as limited supply of basic materials or toxicity of the components. Amorphous Si technology is the oldest and best established thin-film silicon technology. Amorphous silicon is deposited at low temperature with plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). In spite of the fundamental limitation of this material due to its disorder and metastability, the technology is now gaining industrial momentum thanks to the entry of equipment manufacturers with experience with large-area PECVD. Microcrystalline Si (also called nanocrystalline Si) is a material with crystallites in the nanometer range in an amorphous matrix, and which contains less defects than amorphous silicon. Its lower bandgap makes it particularly appropriate as active material for the bottom cell in tandem and triple junction devices. The combination of an amorphous silicon top cell and a microcrystalline bottom cell has yielded promising results, but much work is needed to implement it on large-area and to limit light-induced degradation. Finally thin-film polysilicon solar cells, with grain size in the micrometer range, has recently emerged as an alternative photovoltaic technology. The layers have a grain size ranging from 1 μm to several tens of microns, and are formed at a temperature ranging from 600 to more than 1000∘C. Solid Phase Crystallization has yielded the best results so far but there has recently been fast progress with seed layer approaches, particularly those using the aluminum-induced crystallization technique.

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Liu, Shun-Chang, Yusi Yang, Zongbao Li, Ding-Jiang Xue e Jin-Song Hu. "GeSe thin-film solar cells". Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, n. 3 (2020): 775–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00727j.

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12

Katagiri, Hironori. "Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells". Thin Solid Films 480-481 (giugno 2005): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2004.11.024.

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13

Kr�hler, W. "Amorphous thin-film solar cells". Applied Physics A Solids and Surfaces 53, n. 1 (luglio 1991): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00323435.

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14

Cohen-Solal, C., M. Barbe, H. Afifi e G. Neu. "Thin film CdTe solar cells". Journal of Crystal Growth 72, n. 1-2 (luglio 1985): 512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(85)90199-x.

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15

Hsieh, C. F., H. S. Wu, Teng Chun Wu e M. H. Liao. "Periodic Nanostructured Thin-Film Solar Cells". Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (dicembre 2013): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.114.

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Si-based photonic crystal device such as solar cells have been developed and attract lots of attention. Whether what kind of different structures are used, two key problems are needed to investigate. One is the improvement of the optic-electric (or electric-optic) transformation efficiency. Another is the capability to modulate the light-emitting and detection wavelength for various industrial applications. The wavelength of the light emission and detection can also be further adjusted by changing the material band-gap. In this work, we develop the periodic nanoscale surface textured solar cells. The characteristics of top thin film textured solar cells is developed and estimated to see if the structure is worthy to be scaled from the modern micrometer (um) level down to the nanometer (nm) level continuously. The process of nm-scale textured Si optoelectronic device used in this work is fully comparable to the modern CMOS industry. Optimal Ge concentration in SiGe-based solar cells has been investigated qualitatively by the systemic experiments. With the appropriate addition of Ge to a SiGe-based solar cell, the short current density (Isc) is successfully increased without affecting the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and then the overall efficiency is successfully improved about 4 % than the nanoscale surface textured Si solar cell.

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Mazur, T. M., V. V. Prokopiv, M. P. Mazur e U. M. Pysklynets. "Solar cells based on CdTe thin films". Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2021): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.4.817-827.

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An analysis of the use of semiconductor solar cells based on thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) in power engineering is carried out. It is shown that the advantages of thin-film technology and CdTe itself as a direct-gap semiconductor open up the prospect of large-scale production of competitive CdTe solar modules. The physical and technical problems of increasing the efficiency of CdS/CdTe heterostructure solar cells, which are significantly inferior to the theoretically possible value in mass production, are discussed. The state of CdTe thin-film solar cells, which make CdTe a suitable material for ground-based photoelectric conversion of solar energy, the historical development of the CdTe compound, the application of CdTe thin films, the main methods and strategies of device production, device analysis and fundamental problems related to the future development of thin-film modules based on cadmium telluride.

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17

Gottschalg, R., D. G. Infield e M. J. Kearney. "Parametrisation of thin film solar cells". International Journal of Ambient Energy 19, n. 3 (luglio 1998): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.1998.9675700.

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18

Green, Martin A. "Multilayer thin film silicon solar cells". Natural Resources Forum 19, n. 4 (novembre 1995): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1995.tb00619.x.

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19

Lipkin, R. "Thin-Film Solar Cells Boost Efficiency". Science News 144, n. 23 (4 dicembre 1993): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3977764.

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20

Alves, Marina, Ana Pérez-Rodríguez, Phillip J. Dale, César Domínguez e Sascha Sadewasser. "Thin-film micro-concentrator solar cells". Journal of Physics: Energy 2, n. 1 (26 novembre 2019): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ab4289.

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21

Castelletto, Stefania, e Alberto Boretti. "Multiple Semiconductors Thin Film Solar Cells". Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 5, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2013.1403.

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22

Wronski, C. R., B. Von Roedern e A. Kołodziej. "Thin-film Si:H-based solar cells". Vacuum 82, n. 10 (giugno 2008): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2008.01.043.

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23

Beaucarne, G., F. Duerinckx, I. Kuzma, K. Van Nieuwenhuysen, H. J. Kim e J. Poortmans. "Epitaxial thin-film Si solar cells". Thin Solid Films 511-512 (luglio 2006): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.003.

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24

Barnett, Allen M., Robert B. Hall, James A. Rand, Chris L. Kendall e David H. Ford. "Thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cells". Solar Energy Materials 23, n. 2-4 (dicembre 1991): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(91)90117-4.

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25

Deb, S. K. "Thin-film solar cells: An overview". Renewable Energy 8, n. 1-4 (maggio 1996): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(96)88881-1.

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26

Ramakrishna Reddy, KT, H. Gopalaswamy e P. Jayarama Reddy. "Polycrystalline CuGaSe2 thin film solar cells". Vacuum 43, n. 8 (agosto 1992): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(92)90142-j.

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27

Zeng, Kai, Ding-Jiang Xue e Jiang Tang. "Antimony selenide thin-film solar cells". Semiconductor Science and Technology 31, n. 6 (19 aprile 2016): 063001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/31/6/063001.

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28

Danaher, W. J., L. E. Lyons e G. C. Morris. "Thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells". Applications of Surface Science 22-23 (maggio 1985): 1083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90243-0.

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29

Verreet, Bregt, Paul Heremans, Andre Stesmans e Barry P. Rand. "Microcrystalline Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells". Advanced Materials 25, n. 38 (13 agosto 2013): 5504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201301643.

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30

Chopra, K. L., P. D. Paulson e V. Dutta. "Thin-film solar cells: an overview". Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 12, n. 23 (marzo 2004): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.541.

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31

Kupfer, Benjamin, Koushik Majhi, David A. Keller, Yaniv Bouhadana, Sven Rühle, Hannah Noa Barad, Assaf Y. Anderson e Arie Zaban. "Thin Film Co3O4/TiO2Heterojunction Solar Cells". Advanced Energy Materials 5, n. 1 (13 agosto 2014): 1401007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201401007.

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32

Wang, Zhi Gang, Wen Cheng Gao, Jing Li e Ke Gao Liu. "Development of SnS Thin Films for Solar Cells". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (maggio 2014): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.278.

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SnS thin film, a potential earth-abundant photovoltaic material, has particularly generated interest because of its nontoxic nature, the band gap of it matches well with solar spectrum and its high absorption coefficient. It provides a brief description of the development of SnS thin film for solar cells, and surveys several preparation methods of SnS thin film, then introduces the crystal structure of SnS. The effects of different doping elements and concentrations for SnS thin film on performance were outlined, and the development and the structure of solar cells based on SnS thin films were discussed. Finally, the development tendency and prospects were predicted.

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Motai, Daiki, e Hideaki Araki. "Fabrication of (Ge0.42Sn0.58)S Thin Films via Co-Evaporation and Their Solar Cell Applications". Materials 17, n. 3 (1 febbraio 2024): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17030692.

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In this study, as a novel approach to thin-film solar cells based on tin sulfide, an environmentally friendly material, we attempted to fabricate (Ge, Sn)S thin films for application in multi-junction solar cells. A (Ge0.42 Sn0.58)S thin film was prepared via co-evaporation. The (Ge0.42 Sn0.58)S thin film formed a (Ge, Sn)S solid solution, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of (Ge0.42 Sn0.58)S thin-film solar cells were 0.29 V, 6.92 mA/cm2, 0.34, and 0.67%, respectively; moreover, the device showed a band gap of 1.42–1.52 eV. We showed that solar cells can be realized even in a composition range with a relatively higher Ge concentration than the (Ge, Sn)S solar cells reported to date. This result enhances the feasibility of multi-junction SnS-system thin-film solar cells.

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34

Han, Ming Yu, Yu Dong Feng, Yi Wang, Zhi Min Wang, Hu Wang, Kai Zhao, Xiao Mei Su, Miao Yang e Xue Lei Li. "Development of Manufacturing CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells Deposited on Polyimide". Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (dicembre 2014): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.161.

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CIGS thin film solar cells on polyimide substrate was a significant developmental direction of solar cells and fabricating high quality CIGS thin film in low temperature was its pivotal technology. The development of manufacturing the CIGS thin film solar cells on polyimide substrate in low temperature was described. The specific principle, manufacturing technique and application prospect were also involved. The problem should be solved in the future progress of CIGS thin film on polyimide substrate was illustrated.

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Ji, Nian Jing, Ke Gao Liu e Zhong Quan Ma. "The Development of CZTS Thin Films for Solar Cells". Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (giugno 2012): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.237.

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CZTS thin film, a potential candidate for application as absorber layer in thin film solar cells, has drawn much attention in these years due to its excellent photoelectric performance and nontoxic components. It provides a brief description of the development of CZTS thin film for solar cells, and surveys several methods of depositing CZTS films, then introduces the crystal structure of CZTS which is a problem for composition ratio affecting the properties of CZTS thin films. Here we also outline the development and the structure of solar cells based on CZTS thin films.

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36

Buonomenna, Maria Giovanna. "Inorganic Thin-Film Solar Cells: Challenges at the Terawatt-Scale". Symmetry 15, n. 9 (7 settembre 2023): 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15091718.

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Thin-film solar cells have been referred to as second-generation solar photovoltaics (PV) or next-generation solutions for the renewable energy industry. The layer of absorber materials used to produce thin-film cells can vary in thickness, from nanometers to a few micrometers. This is much thinner than conventional solar cells. This review focuses on inorganic thin films and, therefore, hybrid inorganic–organic perovskite, organic solar cells, etc., are excluded from the discussion. Two main families of thin-film solar cells, i.e., silicon-based thin films (amorphous (a-Si) and micromorph silicon (a-Si/c-Si), and non-silicon-based thin films (cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper–indium–gallium diselenide (CIGS)), are being deployed on a commercial scale. These commercial technologies, until a few years ago, had lower efficiency values compared to first-generation solar PV. In this regard, the concept of driving enhanced performance is to employ low/high-work-function metal compounds to form asymmetric electron and hole heterocontacts. Moreover, there are many emerging thin-film solar cells conceived to overcome the issue of using non-abundant metals such as indium (In), gallium (Ga), and tellurium (Te), which are components of the two commercial thin-film technologies, and therefore to reduce the cost-effectiveness of mass production. Among these emerging technologies are kesterite CZTSSE, intensively investigated as an alternative to CIGS, and Sb2(S,Se)3. In this review, after a general overview of the current scenario of PV, the three main challenges of inorganic thin-film solar cells, i.e., the availability of (safe) metals, power conversion efficiency (PCE), and long-term stability, are discussed.

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Mazur, T. M., M. P. Mazur e I. V. Vakaliuk. "Solar cells based on CdTe thin films (Part II)". Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 24, n. 1 (14 marzo 2023): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.24.1.134-145.

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This paper discusses the use of semiconductor solar cells based on thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) in modern energy production. The advantages and disadvantages of using CdTe thin-film solar cells are analyzed, and arguments are presented in favor of the implementation of mass production technologies for CdTe solar modules, which can compete with silicon analogs in terms of compromise between efficiency and cost. The physical and chemical properties of the binary Cd-Te system are described, and the relationship between the physical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties of CdTe is analyzed, making it attractive for use in thin-film solar cells. Special attention is given to the investigation of photovoltaic properties, which are important parameters for determining photoconductivity, and the advantages and disadvantages of CdTe film photovoltaic properties are discussed. CdTe thin-film heterostructures (HSs), which are important components of modern solar cells, are considered, and their main advantages and disadvantages are described. It is argued that simple methods of manufacturing and forming HSs, which do not require complex and expensive equipment, are an important advantage of CdTe-based solar cell technology.

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Yi, Yasha, Wei Guo e Yueheng Peng. "Enhancement of light trapping for thin film solar cells". MRS Advances 4, n. 13 (27 dicembre 2018): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.637.

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ABSTRACTLight trapping is one of the key challenges for next generation thin film solar cells. In this work, we have identified the distinct light trapping effects for short and long wavelength solar spectrum range, by investigating lighting trapping structures on both sides of Si thin film solar cells. The sub-wavelength photonic front surface by wet etching and multi-layer photonic crystal reflector on the bottom surface are studied in detail for its solar energy absorption characteristics. Our study reveals the drastic difference of the light trapping effects within the solar spectrum wavelength. This work may provide guidance for the efficiency enhancementfor next generation thin film photovoltaic cells.

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Schock, Hans-W. "CulnSe2 and Other Chalcopyrite-Based Solar Cells". MRS Bulletin 18, n. 10 (ottobre 1993): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400038288.

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CuInSe2 and related chalcopyrite semiconductors are among the compound semiconductors that have been considered for thin solar cells for about the past 20 years. Recently, high efficiencies close to 17% have been achieved. This result could be the starting point for a new category of solar cells—high-performance thin-film cells—that would combine the high performance of single-crystal cells with possible low-cost thin-film processing.The development of CuInSe2 cells started in 1974, when single-crystal cells with an efficiency of 12% were reported by a group at Bell Laboratories. Soon after, thin-film solar cells were demonstrated by Kazmerski et al. CuInSe2 thin films have been deposited by evaporating the CuInSe2 source material to completion and adding Se from a separate source. It was found that straight-forward evaporation of the compound does not generally lead to films with stoichiometric composition. By coevaporation of the elements, films with any desired composition can be obtained, provided there is appropriate process control. A “bilayer” recipe developed by Boeing, namely combining Cu-rich films and In-rich films, solved the problem of combining larger grains with suitable electronic properties. By this method, the first CuInSe2 thin-film solar cells with an efficiency exceeding 10% conversion efficiency were fabricated.Alloying CuInSe2 with CuGaSe2 and CuInS2 considerably increases the potential for the innovative development of solar cells from these materials. The energy gaps covered by these alloys range from about 1 eV to about 2.4 eV The possibility of increasing the energy gap and achieving absorber layers with graded bandgaps has many advantages for the application of these materials in thin-film solar cell modules.

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Xue, Chun Rong, e Xia Yun Sun. "High Efficiency Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells". Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (agosto 2013): 970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.970.

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High-efﬁciency solar cells based on amorphous silicon technology are designed. Multi-junction amorphous silicon solar cells are discussed, how these are made and how their performance can be understood and optimized. Although significant amount of work has been carried out in the last twenty-five years, the Staebler-Wronski effect has limited the development of a-Si:H solar cells. As an alternative material, nc-Si:H has attracted remarkable attention. Taking advantage of a lower degradation in nc-Si:H than a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H alloys, the light induced degradation in triple junction structures has been minimized by designing a bottom-cell-limited current mismatching, and obtained a stable active-area cell efficiency. All this has been investigated in this paper.

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Chen, Ruei-Tang, e Fong-Long Wu. "Facial Recognition Method Based on Thin-Film Solar Cells". Applied Sciences 12, n. 3 (22 gennaio 2022): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031157.

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In this study, we developed a new facial recognition system using thin-film solar cells as sensors. When the face of a user is illuminated by LED lights on the left and right sides of the system and the reflected light enters the cells at the corresponding positions, differences in facial skin colors and 3D contours lead to different output voltages and currents of the thin-film solar cells. This is the basis of facial feature identification. We found that the accuracy of thin-film-solar-cell-based facial recognition can be improved by precisely controlling changes in LED light intensity. The facial features of six different users were successfully distinguished by this method, thus verifying that thin-film solar cells can be used for green power generation, as well as for facial recognition.

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He, Jinna, Chunzhen Fan, Junqiao Wang, Yongguang Cheng, Pei Ding e Erjun Liang. "Plasmonic Nanostructure for Enhanced Light Absorption in Ultrathin Silicon Solar Cells". Advances in OptoElectronics 2012 (5 novembre 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/592754.

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The performances of thin film solar cells are considerably limited by the low light absorption. Plasmonic nanostructures have been introduced in the thin film solar cells as a possible solution around this issue in recent years. Here, we propose a solar cell design, in which an ultrathin Si film covered by a periodic array of Ag strips is placed on a metallic nanograting substrate. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed structure gives rise to 170% light absorption enhancement over the full solar spectrum with respect to the bared Si thin film. The excited multiple resonant modes, including optical waveguide modes within the Si layer, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag stripes, and surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) arising from the bottom grating, and the coupling effect between LSPR and SPP modes through an optimization of the array periods are considered to contribute to the significant absorption enhancement. This plasmonic solar cell design paves a promising way to increase light absorption for thin film solar cell applications.

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Saji, Viswanathan S., Sang-Min Lee e Chi-Woo Lee. "CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells by Electrodeposition". Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society 14, n. 2 (31 maggio 2011): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5229/jkes.2011.14.2.061.

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44

Manakov, S. M. "Optical Optimization of Thin Film Solar Cells". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 9, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2014.1547.

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45

Nakada, Tokio, e Akio Kunioka. "Polycrystalline Thin-Film TiO2/Se Solar Cells". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 24, Part 2, No. 7 (20 luglio 1985): L536—L538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.24.l536.

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BARKER, J., S. P. BINNS, D. R. JOHNSON, R. J. MARSHALL, S. OKTIK, M. E. ÖZSAN, M. H. PATTERSON et al. "ELECTRODEPOSITED CdTe FOR THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS". International Journal of Solar Energy 12, n. 1-4 (gennaio 1992): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425919208909752.

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Schmidt-Hansberg, B., H. Do, A. Colsmann, U. Lemmer e W. Schabel. "Drying of thin film polymer solar cells". European Physical Journal Special Topics 166, n. 1 (gennaio 2009): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-00877-y.

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Eldallal, Gamal M., Moataz M. Soliman e Mohamed Salah. "Modelling of thin-film tandem solar cells". International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology 5, n. 3 (2014): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijret.2014.063011.

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Shen, Tianyi, Stylianos Siontas e Domenico Pacifici. "Plasmon-Enhanced Thin-Film Perovskite Solar Cells". Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, n. 41 (19 settembre 2018): 23691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07063.

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Andersson, B. A., C. Azar, J. Holmberg e S. Karlsson. "Material constraints for thin-film solar cells". Energy 23, n. 5 (maggio 1998): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(97)00102-3.

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