Articoli di riviste: "Thigmomorphogeneses"

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Braam, Janet, e E. Wassim Chehab. "Thigmomorphogenesis". Current Biology 27, n. 17 (settembre 2017): R863—R864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.008.

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Saidi, Issam, Saïda Ammar, Nathalie Demont-CauletSaïda, Johanne Thévenin, Catherine Lapierre, Sadok Bouzid e Lise Jouanin. "Thigmomorphogenesis inSolanum lycopersicum". Plant Signaling & Behavior 5, n. 2 (febbraio 2010): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.5.2.10302.

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Fontaine, Mark. "Thigmomorphogenesis in the Classroom". American Biology Teacher 60, n. 4 (1 aprile 1998): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4450473.

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Wang, Kai, Zhu Yang, Dongjin Qing, Feng Ren, Shichang Liu, Qingsong Zheng, Jun Liu et al. "Quantitative and functional posttranslational modification proteomics reveals that TREPH1 plays a role in plant touch-delayed bolting". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n. 43 (5 ottobre 2018): E10265—E10274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814006115.

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Environmental mechanical forces, such as wind and touch, trigger gene-expression regulation and developmental changes, called “thigmomorphogenesis,” in plants, demonstrating the ability of plants to perceive such stimuli. In Arabidopsis, a major thigmomorphogenetic response is delayed bolting, i.e., emergence of the flowering stem. The signaling components responsible for mechanotransduction of the touch response are largely unknown. Here, we performed a high-throughput SILIA (stable isotope labeling in Arabidopsis)-based quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis to profile changes in protein phosphorylation resulting from 40 seconds of force stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Of the 24 touch-responsive phosphopeptides identified, many were derived from kinases, phosphatases, cytoskeleton proteins, membrane proteins, and ion transporters. In addition, the previously uncharacterized protein TOUCH-REGULATED PHOSPHOPROTEIN1 (TREPH1) became rapidly phosphorylated in touch-stimulated plants, as confirmed by immunoblots. TREPH1 fractionates as a soluble protein and is shown to be required for the touch-induced delay of bolting and gene-expression changes. Furthermore, a nonphosphorylatable site-specific isoform of TREPH1 (S625A) failed to restore touch-induced flowering delay of treph1-1, indicating the necessity of S625 for TREPH1 function and providing evidence consistent with the possible functional relevance of the touch-regulated TREPH1 phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings identify a phosphoprotein player in Arabidopsis thigmomorphogenesis regulation and provide evidence that TREPH1 and its touch-induced phosphorylation may play a role in touch-induced bolting delay, a major component of thigmomorphogenesis.

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Chehab, E. W., E. Eich e J. Braam. "Thigmomorphogenesis: a complex plant response to mechano-stimulation". Journal of Experimental Botany 60, n. 1 (25 novembre 2008): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern315.

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Börnke, Frederik, e Thorsten Rocksch. "Thigmomorphogenesis – Control of plant growth by mechanical stimulation". Scientia Horticulturae 234 (aprile 2018): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.02.059.

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Jaffe, M. J., e S. Forbes. "Thigmomorphogenesis: the effect of mechanical perturbation on plants". Plant Growth Regulation 12, n. 3 (febbraio 1993): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00027213.

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Benedetto, Adalberto Di, Claudio Galmarini e Jorge Tognetti. "New insight into how thigmomorphogenesis affects Epipremnum aureum plant development". Horticultura Brasileira 36, n. 3 (settembre 2018): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620180308.

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ABSTRACT Climbing Epipremnum aureum plants develop larger leaves than unsupported, hanging plants. This effect may be regarded, in part, as a thigmomorphogenic response, but gravimorphogenetic effect may also be involved, since polar auxin transport is known to be negatively affected in plants with horizontal or hanging stems, which may result in an altered hormone balance at the whole plant level. The present work was aimed at studying how exogenous auxins and cytokinins may influence growth of E. aureum rooted cuttings under different training systems. Rooted cuttings of E. aureum were cultivated either climbing on an upright wooden board or creeping on the glasshouse bench or hanging from a basket. All leaves of each plant were sprayed to run-off at sunset with four indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) doses 7 days after transplanting and one week later, with four benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations, rendering 16 hormone combination treatments. The application of IAA or BAP at 50 mg L-1 to creeping and hanging plants significantly promoted growth but, in climbing plants, a negative effect was generally observed. Changes in net assimilation and photosynthetic rates, together with modified allometric coefficients, accounted for these responses. The higher growth promotion by exogenous growth regulators observed in creeping or hanging plants compared to climbing plants, may be interpreted mostly as a gravimorphogenetic response.

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Sparke, M. A., U. Ruttensperger, M. Hegele e J. N. Wünsche. "Thigmomorphogenesis – plant growth regulation and quality improvement under greenhouse conditions". Acta Horticulturae, n. 1327 (novembre 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2021.1327.11.

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Rudenko, S. S., e T. V. Morozovа. "Thigmomorphogenesis Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and it's importance of indication". Science and Education a New Dimension VI(186), n. 22 (20 dicembre 2018): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-nt2018-186vi22-03.

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Jaffe, Mordecai J., Andrew H. Wakefield, Frank Telewski, Edward Gulley e Ronald Biro. "Computer-Assisted Image Analysis of Plant Growth, Thigmomorphogenesis, and Gravitropism". Plant Physiology 77, n. 3 (1 marzo 1985): 722–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.77.3.722.

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Telewski, F. W., e M. L. Pruyn. "Thigmomorphogenesis: a dose response to flexing in Ulmus americana seedlings". Tree Physiology 18, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1998): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/18.1.65.

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de Jaegher, Geert, Nicole Boyer, Marie-Claude Bon e Thomas Gaspar. "Thigmomorphogenesis in Bryonia dioica: Early Events in Ethylene Biosynthesis Pathway". Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 182, n. 1 (gennaio 1987): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-3796(87)80037-9.

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Coutand, Catherine. "Mechanosensing and thigmomorphogenesis, a physiological and biomechanical point of view". Plant Science 179, n. 3 (settembre 2010): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.05.001.

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Depège, Nathalie, Catherine Thonat, Jean-Louis Julien e Nicole Boyer. "Thigmomorphogenesis: Modifications of Calmodulin mRNP and Protein Levels in Tomato Plants". Journal of Plant Physiology 155, n. 4-5 (ottobre 1999): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(99)80055-8.

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Mathieu, Catherine, Claude Motta, Marie-Andrée Hartmann, Catherine Thonat e Nicole Boyer. "Changes in plasma membrane fluidity of Bryonia dioica internodes during thigmomorphogenesis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1235, n. 2 (maggio 1995): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(95)80011-4.

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Brenya, Eric, Mahfuza Pervin, Zhong‐Hua Chen, David T. Tissue, Scott Johnson, Janet Braam e Christopher I. Cazzonelli. "Mechanical stress acclimation in plants: Linking hormones and somatic memory to thigmomorphogenesis". Plant, Cell & Environment 45, n. 4 (18 gennaio 2022): 989–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.14252.

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Steinitz, Benjamin, Amir Hagiladi e Dalia Anav. "Thigmomorphogenesis and its Interaction with Gravity in Climbing Plants of Epipremnum aureum". Journal of Plant Physiology 140, n. 5 (ottobre 1992): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80791-1.

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Steinitz, B., e A. Hagiladi. "Thigmomorphogenesis in Climbing Epipremnum aureum,Monsters obliqua expilata and Philodendron scandens (Araceae)". Journal of Plant Physiology 128, n. 4-5 (giugno 1987): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(87)80131-1.

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Anderson-Bernadas, Casandra, Germaine Cornelissen, Curtis M. Turner e Willard L. Koukkari. "Rhythmic nature of thigmomorphogenesis and thermal stress of Phaseolus vulgaris L. shoots". Journal of Plant Physiology 151, n. 5 (gennaio 1997): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(97)80233-7.

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21

Saidi, Issam, Saïda Ammar, Nathalie Demont-Caulet, Johanne Thévenin, Catherine Lapierre, Sadok Bouzid e Lise Jouanin. "Thigmomorphogenesis in Solanum lycopersicum: Morphological and biochemical responses in stem after mechanical stimulation". Plant Science 177, n. 1 (luglio 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.03.002.

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Marler, Thomas E. "Thigmomorphogenesis and biomechanical responses of shade-grown Serianthes nelsonii plants to stem flexure". Plant Signaling & Behavior 14, n. 7 (15 aprile 2019): 1601953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2019.1601953.

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Boyer, Nicole, Geert Jaegher, Marie-Claude Bon e Thomas Gaspar. "Cobalt inhibition of thigmomorphogenesis in Bryonia dioica: possible role and mechanism of ethylene production". Physiologia Plantarum 67, n. 4 (agosto 1986): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb05054.x.

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Chen, Zhongying, Sandra Noir, Mark Kwaaitaal, H. Andreas Hartmann, Ming-Jing Wu, Yashwanti Mudgil, Poornima Sukumar, Gloria Muday, Ralph Panstruga e Alan M. Jones. "Two Seven-Transmembrane Domain MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O Proteins Cofunction in Arabidopsis Root Thigmomorphogenesis". Plant Cell 21, n. 7 (luglio 2009): 1972–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.062653.

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Doare´, O., B. Moulia e E. de Langre. "Effect of Plant Interaction on Wind-Induced Crop Motion". Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 126, n. 2 (1 aprile 2004): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1688773.

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Abstract (sommario):

Plant motion due to wind affects plant growth, a phenomenon called thigmomorphogenesis. Despite intensive studies of the turbulence over plant canopies, the study of plant motion induced by wind has often been limited to individual trees or cereal plants. Few models of global canopy motions are available. Moreover the numerical analysis of models that are based on individual stems becomes time consuming when dealing with crops. A model of motion within the canopies is proposed here using a wave propagation equation within a homogenized continuous medium, and a forcing function representing turbulent gusts advected over the canopy. This model is derived from a discrete model of a set of plant shoots represented as individual oscillators, including elastic contacts between shoots. Such contacts induce nonlinearities into the wave equation. A new experimental method to measure stem dynamical properties and elastic collision properties is presented with an illustration on alfalfa stems. Results obtained modeling plant motions in an alfalfa crop are presented.

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Jaffe, Mordecai J., Moshe Huberman, James Johnson e Frank W. Telewski. "Thigmomorphogenesis: The induction of callose formation and ethylene evolution by mechanical perturbation in bean stems". Physiologia Plantarum 64, n. 2 (giugno 1985): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb02348.x.

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Telewski, Frank W., e Mordecai J. Jaffe. "Thigmomorphogenesis: Field and laboratory studies of Abies fraseri in response to wind or mechanical perturbation". Physiologia Plantarum 66, n. 2 (febbraio 1986): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb02411.x.

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Giridhar, G., e M. J. Jaffe. "Thigmomorphogenesis: XXIII. Promotion of foliar senescence by mechanical perturbation of Avena sativa and four other species". Physiologia Plantarum 74, n. 3 (novembre 1988): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb02005.x.

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Jaouen, Gaëlle, Meriem Fournier e Tancrède Almeras. "Thigmomorphogenesis versus light in biomechanical growth strategies of saplings of two tropical rain forest tree species". Annals of Forest Science 67, n. 2 (gennaio 2010): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest/2009104.

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Bown, Alan W., e Guijin Zhang. "Mechanical stimulation, 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, and growth inhibition in soybean hypocotyl tissue". Canadian Journal of Botany 78, n. 1 (7 marzo 2000): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-169.

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4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a ubiquitous four-carbon nonprotein, amino acid, is synthesized via glutamate decarboxylation. It accumulates in response to mechanical stimulation through the Ca2+/calmodulin activation of glutamate decarboxylase. In this study, dark- and light-grown soybean hypocotyl tissues were used to investigate the relationship between mechanical stimulation, GABA synthesis, and growth inhibition. Mechanical stimulation through stroking resulted in a 65% growth inhibition of dark- or light-grown tissue within 1 min. The 24-h growth increment was reduced by 50% or more. Growth inhibition was accompanied by rapid 4- and 10-fold increases in GABA levels in dark- and light-grown tissue, respectively. Treatment of tissue with exogenous GABA raised GABA levels approximately 6-fold, but did not inhibit growth. In addition, lanthanum or blue light treatment of dark-grown tissue reduced growth by over 60% with no increase in GABA levels. The data demonstrate for the first time, that GABA accumulation accompanies growth inhibition occurring in response to mechanical stimulation. However, GABA accumulation alone appears insufficient to cause growth inhibition.Key words: 4-aminobutyric acid, GABA, L-Glu decarboxylase, GAD, thigmomorphogenesis, mechanical stimulation.

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Shimmen, Teruo. "Involvement of receptor potentials and action potentials in mechano-perception in plants". Functional Plant Biology 28, n. 7 (2001): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01038.

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The rapid turgor movements of Mimosa pudica and some carnivorous plants have long stimulated the interest of botanists. In addition, it is becoming evident that slower responses of plants to mechanical stimuli, such as coiling of tendrils and thigmomorphogenesis, are common phenomena. Electrophysiological studies on mechano-perception have been carried out in M. pudica and carnivorous plants, and have established that the response to mechanical stimulation is composed of three steps: perception of the stimulus, transmission of the signal, and induction of movement in motor cells. The first step is due to the receptor potential, the second and third steps are mediated by the action potential. In this article, the mechanisms of responses to mechanical stimuli of these plants are considered. Since higher plants are composed of complex tissues, detailed analysis of electrical phenomena is rather difficult, and so the mechanism for generating the receptor potential had not yet been studied. Characean cells have proved to be more amenable to the study of the electrophysiology of plant membranes because of their large cell size and the ease by which single cells can be isolated. Recent progress in studies of the receptor potential in characean cells is also discussed.

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TARDIF, MICHEL, BLANCHE DANSEREAU e ROGER THÉRIAULT. "UTILISATION D’UN MODULE ROTATIF À DEUX NIVEAUX ET DE L’ÉCLAIRAGE ARTIFICIEL POUR LA CULTURE DE L’EXACUM ET DU GÉRANIUM". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, n. 3 (1 luglio 1990): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-112.

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A cultivar of exacum (Exacum affine Balf. f. ’Elfin’) as well as two cultivars of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum L. H. Bailey ’Hollywood Star’ and ’Hollywood Red’) were given three light treatments. The first treatment using standard production practices received only ambient light, the second treatment using standard production practices received ambient light combined with a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 100 μmol m−2 s−1 provided by high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, and the third treatment used a rotating two-level system where ambient light on the top level and a PPF of 100 μmol m−2 s−1 on the bottom level were used. An increased growth (height and width) effect was observed for the two geranium cultivars grown on the two-level system compared to the plants receiving the other treatments. The dry weight of exacums grown on the two-level system was 25% greater than those plants receiving only ambient light (during Winter/Spring-88). Certain processes such as thigmomorphogenesis, thermomorphogenesis, and photomorphogenesis may explain physiological modifications undergone by the plants growing on the two-level system.Key words: Rotating two-level system, photosynthetic photon flux, Exacum affine, Pelargonium × hortorum, photomorphogenesis, thermomorphogenesis

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Telewski, Frank W., e Mordecai J. Jaffe. "Thigmomorphogenesis: The role of ethylene in the response of Pinus taeda and Abies fraseri to mechanical perturbation". Physiologia Plantarum 66, n. 2 (febbraio 1986): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb02413.x.

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Pruyn, M. L., B. J. Ewers e F. W. Telewski. "Thigmomorphogenesis: changes in the morphology and mechanical properties of two Populus hybrids in response to mechanical perturbation". Tree Physiology 20, n. 8 (1 aprile 2000): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.8.535.

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Ishihara, Kazue L., Eric K. W. Lee e Dulal Borthakur. "Thigmomorphogenesis: changes in morphology, biochemistry, and levels of transcription in response to mechanical stress in Acacia koa". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, n. 5 (maggio 2017): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0356.

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Acacia koa A. Gray, an economically important timber-wood tree growing in the Hawaiian Islands, is affected by many environmental stresses, including drought, strong wind, heavy rain, and infection by fungal pathogens. Previous studies have shown that some morphological and biochemical changes that take place as a result of environmental stresses in plants can be also induced by mechanical stresses such as touching and bending. We studied morphological and biochemical changes and levels of gene transcription in A. koa plants due to mechanical stress. For a mechanical stress treatment, A. koa seedlings were gently bent in four cardinal directions daily for 2–6 months, after which morphological and biochemical changes were quantified. The stressed A. koa had significantly increased stem diameter, number of xylem cells, and anthocyanin and lignin contents and significantly reduced stem length. The gene expression analyses showed that 53 genes, including the genes for calcium signaling, ethylene biosynthesis, abscisic acid degradation, stress-related transcriptional regulation, and disease resistance, were induced more than twofold within 10–60 min following mechanical stress. The observation that the genes for disease resistance such as NBS-LRR can be induced by mechanical stress suggests that strong wind and rain in the natural forest may also induce disease resistance in trees.

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Baiyin, Bateer, Yue Xiang, Jiangtao Hu, Kotaro Tagawa, Jung Eek Son, Satoshi Yamada e Qichang Yang. "Nutrient Solution Flowing Environment Affects Metabolite Synthesis Inducing Root Thigmomorphogenesis of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Hydroponics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n. 23 (22 novembre 2023): 16616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316616.

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The principal difference between hydroponics and other substrate cultivation methods is the flowing liquid hydroponic cultivation substrate. Our previous studies have revealed that a suitable flowing environment of nutrient solution promoted root development and plant growth, while an excess flow environment was unfavorable for plants. To explain the thigmomorphogenetic response of excess flow-induced metabolic changes, six groups of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), including two flow conditions and three time periods, were grown. Compared with the plants without flow, the plants with flow showed decreased root fresh weight, total root length, root surface area, and root volume but increased average root diameter and root density. The roots with flow had more upregulated metabolites than those without flow, suggesting that the flow may trigger metabolic synthesis and activity. Seventy-nine common differential metabolites among six groups were screened, and enrichment analysis showed the most significant enrichment in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Arginine was present in all the groups and exhibited greater concentrations in roots with flow than without flow. It can be speculated from the results that a high-flowing environment of nutrient solution promotes arginine synthesis, resulting in changes in root morphology. The findings provide insights on root thigmomorphogenesis affected by its growing conditions and help understand how plants respond to environmental mechanical forces.

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Baiyin, Bateer, Kotaro Tagawa, Mina Yamada, Xinyan Wang, Satoshi Yamada, Yang Shao, Ping An, Sadahiro Yamamoto e Yasuomi Ibaraki. "Effect of Nutrient Solution Flow Rate on Hydroponic Plant Growth and Root Morphology". Plants 10, n. 9 (5 settembre 2021): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091840.

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Crop production under hydroponic environments has many advantages, yet the effects of solution flow rate on plant growth remain unclear. We conducted a hydroponic cultivation study using different flow rates under light-emitting diode lighting to investigate plant growth, nutrient uptake, and root morphology under different flow rates. Swiss chard plants were grown hydroponically under four nutrient solution flow rates (2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min, and 8 L/min). After 21 days, harvested plants were analyzed for root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, root morphology, and root cellulose and hemicellulose content. We found that suitable flow rates, acting as a eustress, gave the roots appropriate mechanical stimulation to promote root growth, absorb more nutrients, and increase overall plant growth. Conversely, excess flow rates acted as a distress that caused the roots to become compact and inhibited root surface area and root growth. Excess flow rate thereby resulted in a lower root surface area that translated to reduced nutrient ion absorption and poorer plant growth compared with plans cultured under a suitable flow rate. Our results indicate that regulating flow rate can regulate plant thigmomorphogenesis and nutrient uptake, ultimately affecting hydroponic crop quality.

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Mickovski, Slobodan B., e A. Roland Ennos. "The effect of unidirectional stem flexing on shoot and root morphology and architecture in young Pinus sylvestris trees". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, n. 11 (1 novembre 2003): 2202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-139.

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Mechanical stresses experienced by a tree during lateral loading may cause alterations in both shoot and root growth (thigmomorphogenesis). Many of the previous studies on this subject have concentrated on shoot responses to lateral loads, while root system responses to stresses caused by external loading have been investigated only in more recent years, and even then only rarely in trees. This study presents the effect of unidirectional stem flexure of young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on their root system morphology and architecture. Apart from the changes to the parts of the tree aboveground, unidirectional periodical flexing induced an increase in total root cross-sectional area and larger biomass allocation to the roots parallel to the plane of flexing, which in turn resulted in a larger number of major lateral roots with larger cross-sectional area in the plane of flexing. Since there were no significant differences in root to shoot ratio or the mechanical properties of wood between flexed and unflexed trees in this study, the increase in the lateral resistance in flexed trees was associated with the greater proportion of total root biomass allocated to the proximal major lateral roots, which was an adaptive mechanism for improvement of the trees' anchorage.

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Jędrzejuk, Agata, Natalia Kuźma, Arkadiusz Orłowski, Robert Budzyński, Christian Gehl e Margrethe Serek. "Mechanical Stimulation Decreases Auxin and Gibberellic Acid Synthesis but Does Not Affect Auxin Transport in Axillary Buds; It Also Stimulates Peroxidase Activity in Petunia × atkinsiana". Molecules 28, n. 6 (17 marzo 2023): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062714.

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Thigmomorphogenesis (or mechanical stimulation-MS) is a term created by Jaffe and means plant response to natural stimuli such as the blow of the wind, strong rain, or touch, resulting in a decrease in length and an increase of branching as well as an increase in the activity of axillary buds. MS is very well known in plant morphology, but physiological processes controlling plant growth are not well discovered yet. In the current study, we tried to find an answer to the question if MS truly may affect auxin synthesis or transport in the early stage of plant growth, and which physiological factors may be responsible for growth arrest in petunia. According to the results of current research, we noticed that MS affects plant growth but does not block auxin transport from the apical bud. MS arrests IAA and GA3 synthesis in MS-treated plants over the longer term. The main factor responsible for the thickening of cell walls and the same strengthening of vascular tissues and growth arrestment, in this case, is peroxidase (POX) activity, but special attention should be also paid to AGPs as signaling molecules which also are directly involved in growth regulation as well as in cell wall modifications.

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Telewski, Frank W., e Mordecai J. Jaffe. "Thigmomorphogenesis: Anatomical, morphological and mechanical analysis of genetically different sibs of Pinus taeda in response to mechanical perturbation". Physiologia Plantarum 66, n. 2 (febbraio 1986): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb02412.x.

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BIDZINSKI, PRZEMYSLAW, SANDRA NOIR, SHERMINEH SHAHI, ANJA REINSTÄDLER, DOMINIKA MARTA GRATKOWSKA e RALPH PANSTRUGA. "Physiological characterization and genetic modifiers of aberrant root thigmomorphogenesis in mutants of A rabidopsis thaliana MILDEW LOCUS O genes". Plant, Cell & Environment 37, n. 12 (2 giugno 2014): 2738–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.12353.

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De Jaegher, G., N. Boyer e Th Gaspar. "Thigmomorphogenesis inBryonia dioica: Changes in soluble and wall peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, cellulose, lignin content and monomeric constituents". Plant Growth Regulation 3, n. 2 (giugno 1985): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01806053.

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Chang, Yao-Chien, e William B. Miller. "The Relationship between Leaf Enclosure, Transpiration, and Upper Leaf Necrosis on Lilium `Star Gazer'". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, n. 1 (gennaio 2004): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.1.0128.

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Upper leaf necrosis (ULN) on Lilium `Star Gazer' has been shown to be a calcium (Ca) deficiency disorder. Initial symptoms of ULN tend to appear on leaf margins. Before flower buds are visible, young expanding leaves are congested and overlap each other on the margin. In the current study, we examined the relationship between leaf enclosure, transpiration, and upper leaf necrosis. We demonstrated that low transpiration rate and enclosure of young leaves played an important role in the occurrence of ULN. Young expanding leaves are low transpiration organs. The younger the leaf, the lower the transpiration rate and Ca concentration. Leaf enclosure further reduced transpiration of these young leaves and promoted ULN. Upper leaf necrosis was suppressed by manually unfolding the leaves using a technique we refer to as artificial leaf unfolding (ALU). ALU minimized leaf congestion, exposing leaves that were previously enclosed. We demonstrated that the effect of ALU was not the consequence of thigmomorphogenesis, as ULN was not reduced by mechanical perturbation in lieu of ALU. With ALU, transpiration of upper leaves was significantly increased and Ca concentration of the first leaf immediately below the flower buds was increased from 0.05% to 0.20%. We concluded that leaf enclosure promoted ULN occurrence, and ALU suppressed ULN primarily by increasing transpiration. The use of overhead fans to increase airflow over the tops of the plants significantly reduced both ULN incidence and severity.

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Hindhaugh, Rebecca, Maurice Bosch e Iain S. Donnison. "Mechanical stimulation in wheat triggers age- and dose-dependent alterations in growth, development and grain characteristics". Annals of Botany 128, n. 5 (6 giugno 2021): 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab070.

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Abstract Background and Aims Wheat crops are exposed to a range of mechanical stimulations in their natural environment, yet we know very little about their response to such conditions. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of mechanical stimulation on wheat growth and development, stem mechanical properties and grain measures. We focused on the following questions: (1) Does plant age affect the response to mechanical stimulation? (2) Is there a minimum threshold for the perception of mechanical stimuli? (3) Is the effect of manual brushing different to natural wind stimulation? Methods For age– and dose–response experiments, wheat plants were grown under controlled glasshouse conditions with brushing treatments applied using a purpose-built rig. The results of the controlled experiments are compared with those from an outside experiment where wheat plants were exposed to natural wind, with or without additional brushing. Detailed phenotypic measurements were conducted and treatment effects on grain characteristics were determined using micro-computed tomography imaging. Key Results Two-week-old wheat plants were particularly sensitive to mechanical stimulation by controlled brushing treatments. Amongst others, plants exhibited a large reduction in height and grain yield, and an increase in tillers, above-ground biomass and stiffness of stem segments. Plants responded significantly to doses as small as one daily brushstroke. Outdoor experiments by and large confirmed results from controlled environment experiments. Conclusions The morphological and developmental response to mechanical brushing treatment, in relation to vegetative above-ground biomass and grain yield, is dependent on plant age as well as the dose of the treatments. This study shows that mechanical stimulation of wheat impacts on a multitude of agriculturally relevant traits and provides a much needed advancement of our understanding of wheat thigmomorphogenesis and the potential applications of mechanical conditioning to control relevant traits.

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Wang, Lei, Canrong Ma, Shuanghua Wang, Fei Yang, Yan Sun, Jinxiang Tang, Ji Luo e Jianqiang Wu. "Ethylene and jasmonate signaling converge on gibberellin catabolism during thigmomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis". Plant Physiology, 17 ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad556.

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Abstract Touch induces marked morphological changes in plants, including reduced rosette diameters and delayed flowering, a process called thigmomorphogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that thigmomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) results from touch-induced accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE7 (GA2ox7) transcripts, which encode a gibberellin (GA) catabolism enzyme, leading to reduced levels of active GAs. However, the mechanisms underlying thigmomorphogenesis remain uncharacterized. Here we showed that touch induces ethylene (ET) production in Arabidopsis. After touch treatment, ET biosynthesis and signaling mutants exhibited even greater thigmomorphogenic changes and more decreased GA4 contents than did wild-type plants. Biochemical analysis indicated that the transcription factor ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) of the ET pathway binds to the promoter of GA2ox8 (encoding another GA 2-oxidase performing the same GA modification as GA2ox7) and represses GA2ox8 transcription. Moreover, MYC2, the master regulator of JA signaling, directly promoted GA2ox7 expression by binding the MYC2 promoter. Further genetic analysis suggested that the ET and JA pathways independently control the expression of GA2ox8 and GA2ox7, respectively. This study reveals that the ET pathway is a novel repressor of touch-induced thigmomorphogenesis and highlights that the ET and JA pathway converge on GA catabolism but play opposite roles to fine-tune GA4 content during thigmomorphogenesis.

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Darwish, Essam, Ritesh Ghosh, Abraham Ontiveros-Cisneros, Huy Cuong Tran, Marcus Petersson, Liesbeth De Milde, Martyna Broda et al. "Touch signaling and thigmomorphogenesis are regulated by complementary CAMTA3- and JA-dependent pathways". Science Advances 8, n. 20 (20 maggio 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm2091.

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Plants respond to mechanical stimuli to direct their growth and counteract environmental threats. Mechanical stimulation triggers rapid gene expression changes and affects plant appearance (thigmomorphogenesis) and flowering. Previous studies reported the importance of jasmonic acid (JA) in touch signaling. Here, we used reverse genetics to further characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying touch signaling. We show that Piezo mechanosensitive ion channels have no major role in touch-induced gene expression and thigmomorphogenesis. In contrast, the receptor-like kinase Feronia acts as a strong negative regulator of the JA-dependent branch of touch signaling. Last, we show that calmodulin-binding transcriptional activators CAMTA1/2/3 are key regulators of JA-independent touch signaling. CAMTA1/2/3 cooperate to directly bind the promoters and activate gene expression of JA-independent touch marker genes like TCH2 and TCH4 . In agreement, camta3 mutants show a near complete loss of thigmomorphogenesis and touch-induced delay of flowering. In conclusion, we have now identified key regulators of two independent touch-signaling pathways.

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Coomey, Joshua H., Kirk J. M. MacKinnon, Ian W. McCahill, Bahman Khahani, Pubudu P. Handakumbura, Gina M. Trabucco, Jessica Mazzola et al. "Mechanically induced localisation of SECONDARY WALL INTERACTING bZIP is associated with thigmomorphogenic and secondary cell wall gene expression". Quantitative Plant Biology 5 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qpb.2024.5.

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Abstract Plant growth requires the integration of internal and external cues, perceived and transduced into a developmental programme of cell division, elongation and wall thickening. Mechanical forces contribute to this regulation, and thigmomorphogenesis typically includes reducing stem height, increasing stem diameter, and a canonical transcriptomic response. We present data on a bZIP transcription factor involved in this process in grasses. Brachypodium distachyon SECONDARY WALL INTERACTING bZIP (SWIZ) protein translocated into the nucleus following mechanostimulation. Classical touch-responsive genes were upregulated in B. distachyon roots following touch, including significant induction of the glycoside hydrolase 17 family, which may be unique to grass thigmomorphogenesis. SWIZ protein binding to an E-box variant in exons and introns was associated with immediate activation followed by repression of gene expression. SWIZ overexpression resulted in plants with reduced stem and root elongation. These data further define plant touch-responsive transcriptomics and physiology, offering insights into grass mechanotranduction dynamics.

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Urbancsok, János, Evgeniy N. Donev, Pramod Sivan, Elena van Zalen, Félix R. Barbut, Marta Derba‐Maceluch, Jan Šimura et al. "Flexure wood formation via growth reprogramming in hybrid aspen involves jasmonates and polyamines and transcriptional changes resembling tension wood development". New Phytologist, 19 ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.19307.

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Summary Stem bending in trees induces flexure wood but its properties and development are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of low‐intensity multidirectional stem flexing on growth and wood properties of hybrid aspen, and on its transcriptomic and hormonal responses. Glasshouse‐grown trees were either kept stationary or subjected to several daily shakes for 5 wk, after which the transcriptomes and hormones were analyzed in the cambial region and developing wood tissues, and the wood properties were analyzed by physical, chemical and microscopy techniques. Shaking increased primary and secondary growth and altered wood differentiation by stimulating gelatinous‐fiber formation, reducing secondary wall thickness, changing matrix polysaccharides and increasing cellulose, G‐ and H‐lignin contents, cell wall porosity and saccharification yields. Wood‐forming tissues exhibited elevated jasmonate, polyamine, ethylene and brassinosteroids and reduced abscisic acid and gibberellin signaling. Transcriptional responses resembled those during tension wood formation but not opposite wood formation and revealed several thigmomorphogenesis‐related genes as well as novel gene networks including FLA and XTH genes encoding plasma membrane‐bound proteins. Low‐intensity stem flexing stimulates growth and induces wood having improved biorefinery properties through molecular and hormonal pathways similar to thigmomorphogenesis in herbaceous plants and largely overlapping with the tension wood program of hardwoods.

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Telewski, Frank W. "Mechanosensing and Plant Growth Regulators Elicited During the Thigmomorphogenetic Response". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 3 (18 gennaio 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.574096.

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The influence of mechanical bending or flexing of trees, due primarily to wind, on tree growth and development has been observed and reported for hundreds of years. This response was defined as the thigmomorphogenetic response in 1973. In general, the response of trees and other plants to bending is a reduction in extension/height growth, increase in radial growth, and increased allocation from above-ground to below-ground tissues accompanied by changes in biomechanical properties of the xylem. Within the last 50 years, significant advancements have been reported in characterizing the response of trees to this mechanical perturbation. Current research has advanced the understanding of how plants respond after mechanopreception via molecular signaling and physiological changes in growth regulation. This review provides insight into these subcellular reactions of thigmomorphogenesis and a summary of recent advances.

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Zhang, Mengzhuo, Bowen Wang, Shenhao Wang, Tongxu Xin, Keyi Ye, Sanwen Huang e Xueyong Yang. "Transcriptomic analysis on cucumber tendril reveals GLRs play important roles in thigmotropism and thigmomorphogenesis". Horticultural Plant Journal, settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2022.11.011.

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