Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers"

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers":

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Samimi Gharaie, Sadaf, Sima Habibi e Hosein Nazockdast. "Fabrication and characterization of chitosan/gelatin/thermoplastic polyurethane blend nanofibers". Journal of Textiles and Fibrous Materials 1 (1 gennaio 2018): 251522111876932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515221118769324.

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Polymer blending is a method to provide nanocomposite nanofibers with improved strength and minimal defects. Chitosan exhibits biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing properties. A combination of gelatin and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends was explored as a means to improve the morphological deficiencies of chitosan nanofibers and facilitate its electrospinnability. The morphology of the electrospun chitosan, chitosan/gelatin, and chitosan/gelatin/TPU blend nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the miscibility and thermal behavior of the blends were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance (FTIR/ATR). The optimum results were achieved in blend with 3 wt% chitosan, 8 wt% gelatin, and 5 wt% TPU, which resulted nanofibers with a mean diameter of 100.6 nm ± 17.831 nm.
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Li, Biyun, Yinhu Liu, Shuo Wei, Yuting Huang, Shuwen Yang, Ye Xue, Hongyun Xuan e Huihua Yuan. "A Solvent System Involved Fabricating Electrospun Polyurethane Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications". Polymers 12, n. 12 (18 dicembre 2020): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12123038.

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A novel Trichloromethane (TCM)/2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) solvent system was developed for fabricating electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers. TPU solution stability made from this novel solvent system was improved compared to that from the traditional N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)/Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent system. The minimum TPU solution concentration that can be electrospun was decreased to 0.5% w/v. The conductivity and viscosity of the TPU solution increased with the increasing ratio of TFE in the solvent system. The obtained electrospun TPU nanofibers fabricated from this novel solvent system showed smooth morphology and uniform diameter distribution. Mechanical strength of TPU nanofibers was improved using this new solvent system. Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the electrospun TPU nanofiber meshes first decreased and then increased, while the strain elongation ratio first increased and then decreased. The new solvent system significantly improves the fiber elongation ratio while maintaining the modulus and tensile strength. The chemical structure of the TPU was not affected by the TCM/TFE solvent system. Electrospun TPU nanofiber meshes prepared by using the TCM/TFE solvent system showed better cytocompatibility, which means the electrospun TPU fibrous scaffold has great potential in biomedical application.
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Mohamadi, Parian, Elham Mohsenzadeh, Cedric Cochrane e Vladan Koncar. "Investigation of conductive printed thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers to detect the clogging of air filters". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1266, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1266/1/012005.

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Abstract Recently, air pollution attracted many worries because of its high number of deaths per year. To solve the problem, the industries are trying to fabricate the giant air filtration system for public areas. However, the clogging of air filters should be detected in real-time to change or clean them. E-textile is a very fascinating field, which is often used in medical, safety, military and clogging detection applications. These components are integrated into soft textile materials according to their usage requirements. One of the most attractive textile structures is the nanofibers due to their advantageous properties such as porosity, lightweight, and high surface area. To have conductive nanofiber-based membrane sensors, two in situ electrical conductivity principles using conductive particles and surface conductivity, such as immersion and printing methods are recommended. In this research, the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers’ membranes are produced using an electrospinning system and the carbon ink was printed on the surface of nanofibers to apply in textile sensors applications. SEM images showed the uniform structure of the nanofibers and the porosity of the system even after printing. The electromechanical properties of printed membranes demonstrated the change of electrical resistance under stretch. Conclusively, these conductive membranes could be employed as strain sensors to detect the small changes in the output airflow indicated the possible clogging of air filters.
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Salas, Julia Isidora, Diego de Leon, Sk Shamim Hasan Abir, M. Jasim Uddin e Karen Lozano. "Functionalized Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanofibers: An Innovative Triboelectric Energy Generator". Electronic Materials 4, n. 4 (18 dicembre 2023): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat4040014.

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A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is one of the most significantly innovative microdevices for built-in energy harvesting with wearable and portable electronics. In this study, the forcespinning technology was used to synthesize a nanofiber (NF) mat-based TENG. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was used as the negative triboelectric electrode/pole, and chemically designed and functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was used as the positive electrode/pole for the TENG. The electronic interference, sensitivity, and gate voltage of the synthesized microdevices were investigated using chemically modified bridging of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with a TPU polymer repeating unit and bare TPU-based positive electrodes. The chemical functionality of TPU NF was integrated during the NF preparation step. The morphological features and the chemical structure of the nanofibers were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrical output of the fabricated MWCNT-TPU/PVDF TENG yielded a maximum of 212 V in open circuit and 70 µA in short circuit at 240 beats per minute, which proved to be 79% and 15% higher than the TPU/PDVF triboelectric nanogenerator with an electronic contact area of 3.8 × 3.8 cm2, which indicates that MWCNT enhanced the electron transportation facility, which results in significantly enhanced performance of the TENG. This device was further tested for its charging capacity and sensory performance by taking data from different body parts, e.g., the chest, arms, feet, hands, etc. These results show an impending prospect and versatility of the chemically functionalized materials for next-generation applications in sensing and everyday energy harvesting technology.
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Alhazov, Dmitriy, Arkadiusz Gradys, Pawel Sajkiewicz, Arkadii Arinstein e Eyal Zussman. "Thermo-mechanical behavior of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers". European Polymer Journal 49, n. 12 (dicembre 2013): 3851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.09.028.

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Chen, Rui, Lijun Qiu, Qinfei Ke, Chuanglong He e Xiumei Mo. "Electrospinning Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Contained Collagen Nanofibers for Tissue-Engineering Applications". Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 20, n. 11 (gennaio 2009): 1513–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092050609x12464344958883.

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Xu, Yuan, Xiao Li, Hong-Fei Xiang, Qian-Qian Zhang, Xiao-Xiong Wang, Miao Yu, Long-Yun Hao e Yun-Ze Long. "Large-Scale Preparation of Polymer Nanofibers for Air Filtration by a New Multineedle Electrospinning Device". Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (6 aprile 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4965438.

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Abstract (sommario):
There are still some challenges for mass-scale production via electrospinning (e-spinning). For example, the cost of industrialized equipment is relatively expensive, and the subsequent maintenance costs are high. The reliability and stability of the production process are also one of the important challenges. The recycling of organic solvents and the volatilization of solvents not only affect the quality of nanofibers, but also causes environmental pollution. In this work, a new multineedle e-spinning device has been proposed for large-scale production of polymer nanofibers. The spinning solution is provided through the outside surface of the needle to avoid needle clogging problem, which is different from the traditional multineedle e-spinning. The successful preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber membrane with production rate ~50 g h-1 proves the feasibility of the device, which also can be used to prepare other functional nanofibers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The prepared TPU nanofiber gauze has been characterized. The average fiber diameter was 145.3 nm. The surface of the sample was found to be uniform, and the water contact angle was 138.9°. The sample had gas permeability of 1500 mm s-1, excellent PM2.5 removal efficiency of 99.897%, and optical transparency of ~56%, indicating that the new device has a practical application perspective.
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Alshabanah, Latifah Abdullah, Nada Omran, Bassma H. Elwakil, Moaaz T. Hamed, Salwa M. Abdallah, Laila A. Al-Mutabagani, Dong Wang et al. "Elastic Nanofibrous Membranes for Medical and Personal Protection Applications: Manufacturing, Anti-COVID-19, and Anti-Colistin Resistant Bacteria Evaluation". Polymers 13, n. 22 (18 novembre 2021): 3987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223987.

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Herein, in the present work two series of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers were manufactured using the electrospinning techniques with ZnO and CuO nanoparticles for a potential use as an elastic functional layer in antimicrobial applications. Percentages of 0%, 2 wt%, and 4 wt% of the nanoparticles were used. The morphological characterization of the electrospun TPU and TPU/NPs composites nanofibers were observed by using scanning electron microscopy to show the average fiber diameter and it was in the range of 90–150 nm with a significant impact of the nanoparticle type. Mechanical characterization showed that TPU nanofiber membranes exhibit excellent mechanical properties with ultra-high elastic properties. Elongation at break reached up to 92.5%. The assessment of the developed nanofiber membranes for medical and personal protection applications was done against various colistin resistant bacterial strains and the results showed an increment activity by increasing the metal oxide concentration up to 83% reduction rate by using TPU/ZnO 4% nanofibers against K. pneumoniae strain 10. The bacterial growth was completely eradicated after 8 and 16 h incubation with TPU/ZnO and TPU/CuO nanofibers, respectively. The nanofibers SEM study reveals the adsorption of the bacterial cells on the metal oxides nanofibers surface which led to cell lysis and releasing of their content. Finally, in vitro study against Spike S-protein from SARS-CoV-2 was also evaluated to investigate the potent effectiveness of the proposed nanofibers in the virus deactivation. The results showed that the metal oxide concentration is an effective factor in the antiviral activity due to the observed pattern of increasing the antibacterial and antiviral activity by increasing the metal oxide concentration; however, TPU/ZnO nanofibers showed a potent antiviral activity in relation to TPU/CuO.
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Karlapudi, Mounika Chowdary, Mostafa Vahdani, Sheyda Mirjalali Bandari, Shuhua Peng e Shuying Wu. "A Comparative Study on the Effects of Spray Coating Methods and Substrates on Polyurethane/Carbon Nanofiber Sensors". Sensors 23, n. 6 (19 marzo 2023): 3245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063245.

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Abstract (sommario):
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely used as the elastic polymer substrate to be combined with conductive nanomaterials to develop stretchable strain sensors for a variety of applications such as health monitoring, smart robotics, and e-skins. However, little research has been reported on the effects of deposition methods and the form of TPU on their sensing performance. This study intends to design and fabricate a durable, stretchable sensor based on composites of thermoplastic polyurethane and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by systematically investigating the influences of TPU substrates (i.e., either electrospun nanofibers or solid thin film) and spray coating methods (i.e., either air-spray or electro-spray). It is found that the sensors with electro-sprayed CNFs conductive sensing layers generally show a higher sensitivity, while the influence of the substrate is not significant and there is no clear and consistent trend. The sensor composed of a TPU solid thin film with electro-sprayed CNFs exhibits an optimal performance with a high sensitivity (gauge factor ~28.2) in a strain range of 0–80%, a high stretchability of up to 184%, and excellent durability. The potential application of these sensors in detecting body motions has been demonstrated, including finger and wrist-joint movements, by using a wooden hand.
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Ho, Wai K., Joseph H. Koo e Ofodike A. Ezekoye. "Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer Nanocomposites: Morphology, Thermophysical, and Flammability Properties". Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/583234.

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Novel materials based on nanotechnology creating nontraditional ablators are rapidly changing the technology base for thermal protection systems. Formulations with the addition of nanoclays and carbon nanofibers in a neat thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) were melt-compounded using twin-screw extrusion. The TPU nanocomposites (TPUNs) are proposed to replace Kevlar-filled ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber, the current state-of-the-art solid rocket motor internal insulation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to study the char characteristics of the TPUNs at elevated temperatures. Specimens were examined to analyze the morphological microstructure during the pyrolysis reaction and in fully charred states. Thermophysical properties of density, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity of the different TPUN compositions were determined. To identify dual usage of these novel materials, cone calorimetry was employed to study the flammability properties of these TPUNs.

Tesi sul tema "Thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers":

1

Jimenez, Guillermo Alfonso. "Characterization of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Carbon Nanofiber Composites Produced by Chaotic Mixing". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1166105818.

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Hutama, Chapin. "Effect of Inclusion of Nanofibers on Rolling Resistance and Friction of Silicone Rubber". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1556118372072796.

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3

Mohamadi, Parian Sadat. "Système innovant de détection du colmatage des filtres à air basé sur les e-textiles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0012.

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Dans cette étude, des nanofibres en polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU) ont été fabriquées en optimisant les paramètres d'électrofilage. Afin de rendre les membranes conductrices, l'encre de carbone a été imprimée sur la surface des membranes de nanofibres de TPU en utilisant différents motifs. Des tests mécaniques, des mesures électromécaniques et des tests cycliques ont démontré des propriétés mécaniques adaptées, des variations de résistance lors de l'étirement et une répétabilité des performances du capteur.Afin d'optimiser les capacités du capteur, des membranes avec des trous structurés ont été fabriquées pour réduire la perte de charge. Ensuite, la perte de charge et la variation de résistance des capteurs avec différents motifs d'impression ont été mesurées dans un tunnel de ventilation. La comparaison avec des filtres M5 a montré que la perte de charge de ces membranes structurées imprimées était similaire à celle des filtres à air et n'entraînait pas d'augmentation de la perte de charge du système. De plus, la variation de résistance du capteur sous différentes vitesses d'air a indiqué une haute sensibilité. En conclusion, cette étude a développé avec succès une technique facile et évolutive pour fabriquer des capteurs textiles permettant de détecter la vitesse de l'air dans les filtres à air
In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers were fabricated by optimizing electrospinning parameters. In order to make the membranes conductive, the carbon ink was printed on the surface of TPU nanofibers membranes using different patterns. Mechanical tests, electromechanical measurements, and cycle testing demonstrated suitable mechanical properties, resistance changes during stretching, andrepeatability of the sensor performance. To optimize the sensor ability, membranes with structured holeswere fabricated to minimize the pressure drop. Then, the pressure drop and resistance change of the sensorswith various printing patterns were measured in a ventilation tunnel. Comparison with M5 filters showedthat the pressure drop of these printed structured membranes was similar to air filters, and did not cause anincrease in the pressure drop of the system. Moreover, the resistance change of the sensor under differentair velocities indicated high sensitivity. In conclusion, this study successfully developed a facile andscalable technique to fabricate textile sensors for detecting air velocity in air filters
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Lee, Jason Chi-Sing 1983. "Characterization of ablative properties of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2561.

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Abstract (sommario):
The advancement of each component of aerospace vehicles is necessary as the continual demand for more aggressive missions are created. Improvements in propulsion and guidance system electronics are invaluable; however without material development to protect the vehicle from its environment those advances will not have a practical application. Thermal protection systems (TPS) are required in both external applications; for example on reentry vehicles, as well as in internal applications; to protect the casing of rockets and missiles. This dissertation focuses on a specific type of internal solid rocket motor TPS, ablatives. Ablatives have been used for decades on aerospace vehicles. To protect the motor from the hostile environment, these materials pyrolyze and char. Both of these mechanisms produce a boundary between the combustion gases and the motor as well as release the heat that the decomposed material has absorbed. These sacrificial materials are intended to protect the casing that it is attached to. With the development of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) in the last couple of decades, it is of interest to see how these two fields can merge. Three different nanomaterials (carbon nanofibers, multiwall carbon nanotubes, and nanoclays) are examined to observe how each behaves in environments that simulate the motor firing conditions. These nanomaterials are individually added to a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) at different loadings, creating three distinct families of polymer nanocomposites. To describe a materials ablative performance, a number of material properties must be individually studied; such as thermal, density, porosity, char strength, and rheology. Different experiments are conducted to isolate specific ablative processes in order to identify how each nanomaterial affects the ablative performance. This dissertation first describes each material and the ablative processes which are characterized by each experiment. Then basic material properties of each family of materials are described. Degradation and flammability experiments then describe the degassing processes. Studies of the material char are then performed after full blown rocket experiments are done. These tests have shown that of the three nanomaterials, nanoclay enhances the TPU ablative performance the most while the CNF provides the least enhancement.
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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers":

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Siti Syazwani, N., M. N. Ervina Efzan, C. K. Kok, A. K. Aeslina e V. Sivaraman. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Jute Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) Nanocomposites". In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 805–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9505-9_71.

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"3 Preparation, characterization, and properties of organoclay, carbon nanofiber, and carbon nanotube based thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites". In Nanocomposites, 93–110. De Gruyter, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110267426.93.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers":

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Villarreal, Anthony A., Constantine Tarawneh, Miguel Ontiveros, James Aranda e Robert Jones. "Prototyping a Conductive Polymer Steering Pad for Rail Freight Service". In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1286.

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The AdapterPlus™ steering pad is a polymer component on a railcar that helps to reduce stresses on the axle as a railcar rounds a curve. One railway application requires a minimum of 240 mA to be passed through the steering pad to the rail, which activates air valves that control automated cargo gates. Currently, two copper studs are inserted into the pad to provide a conductive path. However, after continuous cyclic loading caused by normal service operation, the copper studs deform, wear, and eventually lose contact between the two surfaces rendering the pad nonconductive. One proposed solution to this problem is to create a steering pad made entirely from an electrically conductive material. The University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) research team has successfully created a conductive nanocomposite made from vapor grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and a modified form of Elastollan 1195A thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Previous attempts to create this material were promising but failed to produce an electrically conductive specimen when injection molded. Preliminary results have shown that the new material can be injection molded to create an electrically conductive test specimen. An injection molded insert was designed, fabricated, and incorporated into the existing steering pad design for further testing. Pressure measurement film had previously been used to find the points of maximum stress inside the pad to optimize the design of the composite insert. Characterization of the resistivity of the composite material was carried out in order to verify functionality in future iterations of this product. The resistance of the composite material is expected to be non-linear with a strong dependence on load and voltage. Conductivity tests were performed using a material testing system with a compressive load ranging from 1500 pounds to 5500 pounds. The voltage at each load was also varied between 10V to 20V and the nonlinear resistance of the material was examined. The results have shown that the CNF/TPU composite is a potential replacement for the current TPU used for the pad and, with minimal modifications, can be implemented in field service operation.
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Maynard, Cole, Julio Hernandez, David Gonzalez, Monica Viz, Corey O’Brien, Tyler N. Tallman, Jose Garcia e Brittany Newell. "Functionalized Thermoplastic Polyurethane for FDM Printing of Piezoresistive Sensors". In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67802.

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Abstract Recent developments in materials and processes for additive manufacturing (AM) have moved 3D printing beyond just prototyping of manufactured parts and into exciting new applications. For example, various researchers and industries have successfully demonstrated the use of conductive filler modification in materials for use with fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printers. Due to the piezoresistive effect, these conductive filler-modified materials can be used to print highly customizable sensors on-demand. This is notable because combined with the versatility of FDM printing, it allows for a completely new interpretation of what a sensor is and what a sensor should look like. The accuracy and reliability of these sensors is still under investigation, and common AM materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) have been the subject of most investigations. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a commercially available flexible filament, has been less studied for conductive filler modification and printed sensors. This is an important gap in the state of the art because flexible sensors are becoming increasingly important in applications involving large deformations such as soft robotics. Therefore, this work presents the results of an initial study on the development of a carbon nanofiber (CNF)-modified TPU for the development of flexible piezoresistive-based printed sensors. Specifically, this work considers the effect of different manufacturing parameters on CNF/TPU conductivity and printability using a commercially available FDM printer. Ultimately, this project seeks to utilize the proposed functionalized TPU material for the production of embedded sensors in rigid or flexible 3D printed parts.
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Meier, Joseph L., Steven A. Turnbull, Julio A. Hernandez, Cole Maynard, David Rodriguez, Brittany Newell e Tyler N. Tallman. "Embedded Sensing and Localization of Pressure in Silicone Skin Using Sensors Printed From CNF/TPU Filament". In ASME 2023 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2023-111109.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) provides a near-infinite design space to create unique and custom components. Recent advances have enabled the development of novel self-sensing materials for fused filament fabrication (FFF) AM, which have potential applications in areas such as soft robotics, smart textiles, embedded structural sensing, and, among others, biomedicine. Sensing in these fields is often done using traditional strain sensors that have limited capability for large deformations and little-to-no customizability. Through the use of piezoresistive filaments, AM has the potential to create highly customizable, application-specific sensors. However, the widespread adoption of self-sensing filament has been constrained due to developmental challenges, such as low conductivity and inconsistent or highly variable electrical properties. To address these issues, in this work, we manufacture a modified thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament with 10 wt.% carbon nanofiber (CNF) inclusions using a novel wet-mixing technique previously developed within our research group. This CNF/TPU filament is flexible and has consistent electrical properties. Building on the extensive use of self-sensing composites in soft robotic applications, the CNF/TPU filament was embedded into a soft silicone skin to demonstrate sensing and localization of pressure points applied to the skin via simple electrical measurements taken from the printed and embedded CNF/TPU sensors. These preliminary results highlight the incredible potential and far-reaching design space of AM-produced sensors.
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Hernandez, Julio A., Cole Maynard, Corey O’Brien, David Rodriguez, Brittany Newell e Tyler N. Tallman. "Finite Strain Sensing via Additively Manufactured CNF/TPU Strain Gauges". In ASME 2023 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2023-110626.

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Abstract Multifunctional additive manufacturing (AM) has opened the door to exciting new possibilities for highly customizable and on-demand printable sensors and actuators for application in areas such as embedded structural sensing, robotics, and, among other examples, human healthcare and monitoring technology. In particular, strain or deformation sensors printed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) methods typically make use of the piezoresistive effect, which can be achieved by modifying the base polymer with conductive micro-to-nanoscale fillers. However, sensors of this type often suffer from challenges such as limited flexibility due to the use of comparatively hard polymers and additives and highly inconsistent electrical properties. To overcome these challenges, we herein present the preliminary results of a study of carbon nanofiber (CNF)-modified thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sensors produced via FFF printing. The CNF/TPU filament used to print these sensors was produced using a novel wet mixing process, wherein the TPU is first dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent prior to dispersing the CNFs. To demonstrate the strain sensing properties of this material, simple dog bone-shaped sensors were printed out of TPU modified with 7.5 and 10 wt.% CNFs. And to showcase the potential of this material for large deformation sensing, resistance changes were measured for finite strains up to 50%. The CNF/TPU sensors showed non-linear but monotonically increasing resistance up to approximately 35% strain, beyond which point resistance rapidly became immeasurable. The results of this study are an important step towards the realization of next-generation printable plastics with functional and consistent properties for applications such as strain sensing.

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