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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Thermonuclear plasmas"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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1

Rose, S. J., P. W. Hatfield e R. H. H. Scott. "Modelling burning thermonuclear plasma". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, n. 2184 (12 ottobre 2020): 20200014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0014.

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Considerable progress towards the achievement of thermonuclear burn using inertial confinement fusion has been achieved at the National Ignition Facility in the USA in the last few years. Other drivers, such as the Z-machine at Sandia, are also making progress towards this goal. A burning thermonuclear plasma would provide a unique and extreme plasma environment; in this paper we discuss (a) different theoretical challenges involved in modelling burning plasmas not currently considered, (b) the use of novel machine learning-based methods that might help large facilities reach ignition, and (c) the connections that a burning plasma might have to fundamental physics, including quantum electrodynamics studies, and the replication and exploration of conditions that last occurred in the first few minutes after the Big Bang. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 1)’.

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2

Hwang, Eunseok, Dukjae Jang e Myung-Ki Cheoun. "Modification of Thermonuclear Reaction in the Astrophysical Plasma". Communications in Physics 32, n. 4S (31 dicembre 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/17758.

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Studies on nucleosynthesis enable us to explore the abundance of the chemical elements in our universe. The nucleosynthesis sites are usually assumed to be ideal, the system that the equilibrium statistics and bare Coulomb potential of nuclei are applicable. However, it is still ambiguous whether the astrophysical plasma always stays in the ideal system despite the existence of collision effects and the collective motion of plasma constituents. Hence, we have studied the effects of astrophysical plasma on nuclear astrophysics. In this proceeding, we introduce two phenomena due to the collective motion of astrophysical plasmas. One is the electron screening effect for moving ions, which is referred to as the dynamical screening effect. The other is electromagnetic (EM) fluctuations that lead the EM spectrum to be changed. We present the enhancement for thermonuclear reaction rate due to the dynamical screening effect and change in EM spectrum due to EM fluctuations on astrophysical plasmas. On the basis of those results, we discuss the effects of astrophysical plasmas on thermonuclear reaction rates and changes in solar neutrino fluxes.

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3

Evans, P. M., A. P. Fews e W. T. Toner. "Diagnosis of laser produced plasmas using fusion reaction products". Laser and Particle Beams 6, n. 2 (maggio 1988): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004110.

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Experiments have been performed at the Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Lab., UK. using novel techniques in which laser produced plasmas have been diagnosed by measurements of the charged thermonuclear reaction products. Two types of experiment are being reported here. Firstly, thermonuclear alpha particles from an exploding pusher target have been used to determine the growth of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a separate laser driven planar foil. The resulting alpha particle range loss distributions provide a direct measurement of the foil thickness distribution and hence the instability. The R–T instability has been observed in a number of foils with range losses varying between almost zero to over lOμm. Secondly, a thermonuclear particle backlighting technique has been used in the measurement of the stopping power of hot plasma for different materials. The ratio of plasma stopping power to that of the cold material is measured and compared to a value obtained from theoretical modelling. The solid state nuclear track detector CR–39 has been used as a diagnostic for these experiments. A sophisticated image analysis system has been developed to enhance and improve data recovery.

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4

DEUTSCH, CLAUDE, HRACHYA B. NERSYSIAN e CARLO CERECEDA. "Heavy ion–plasma interaction of IFE concern: Where do we stand now?" Laser and Particle Beams 20, n. 3 (luglio 2002): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034602203201.

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Two distinct issues of recent concern for ion–plasma interactions are investigated. First, the subtle connection between quantum and classical ion stopping is clarified by varying the space dimension. Then we evaluate the range of thermonuclear αS′ in dense plasmas simultaneously magnetized and compressed.

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5

Tsytovich, V. N. "Collective plasma corrections to thermonuclear reaction rates in dense plasmas". Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 94, n. 5 (maggio 2002): 927–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1484988.

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6

Wells, Daniel R., Paul Edward Ziajka e Jack L. Tunstall. "Hydrodynamic Confinement of Thermonuclear Plasmas Trisops VIII (Plasma Liner Confinement)". Fusion Technology 9, n. 1 (gennaio 1986): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst86-a24704.

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7

Collins, George, e Donald J. Rej. "Plasma Processing of Advanced Materials". MRS Bulletin 21, n. 8 (agosto 1996): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400035673.

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A plasma, commonly referred to as the “fourth state of matter,” is an ensemble of randomly moving charged particles with a sufficient particle density to remain, on average, electrically neutral. While their scientific study dates from the 19th century, plasmas are ubiquitous, comprising more than 99% of the known material universe. The term “plasma” was first coined in the 1920s by Irving Langmuir at the General Electric Company after the vague resemblance of a filamented glow discharge to a biological plasma.Plasmas are studied for many reasons. Physicists analyze the collective dynamics of ions and electron ensembles, utilizing principals of classical electromagnetics, and fluid and statistical mechanics, to better understand astrophysical, solar, and ionospheric phenomenon, and in applied problems such as thermonuclear fusion. Electrical engineers use plasmas to develop efficient lighting, and high-power electrical switchgear, and for magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) power conversion. Aerospace engineers apply plasmas for attitude adjustment and electric propulsion of satellites. Chemists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists routinely use plasmas in reactive ion etching and sputter deposition. These methods are commonplace in microelec tronics since they allow synthesis of complex material structures with submicron feature sizes. A substantial portion of the multi-billion-dollar market for tooling used to manufacture semiconductors employs some form of plasma process. When compared with traditional wet-chemistry techniques, these dry processes result in minimal waste generation. Plasmas are also useful in bulk processing—for example as thermal sprays for melting materials.While the quest for controlled thermonuclear fusion dominated much of plasma research in the 1960s and 1970s, in the last 20 years it has been the application of plasmas to materials processing that has provided new challenges for many plasma practitioners. It is not surprising that the guest editors and several of the authors for this issue of MRS Bulletin come from a fusion plasma-physics background.

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8

Rebhan, Eckhard R., e Guido Van Oost. "Thermonuclear Burn Criteria for D-T Plasmas". Fusion Science and Technology 49, n. 2T (febbraio 2006): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst06-a1100.

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9

Tsytovich, V. N., e M. Bornatici. "Rates of thermonuclear reactions in dense plasmas". Plasma Physics Reports 26, n. 10 (ottobre 2000): 840–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1316825.

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10

Anderson, D., H. Hamnen, M. Lisak, T. Elevant e H. Persson. "Transition to thermonuclear burn in fusion plasmas". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 33, n. 10 (1 settembre 1991): 1145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/33/10/003.

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11

Monticello, D. A. "Advances in simulation and modelling of thermonuclear plasmas". Nuclear Fusion 33, n. 2 (febbraio 1993): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/33/2/415.

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12

Jaun, A., A. Fasoli, J. Vaclavik e L. Villard. "Global Alfvén eigenmode stability in thermonuclear tokamak plasmas". Nuclear Fusion 39, n. 11Y (novembre 1999): 2095–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/11y/359.

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13

Budny, R. V., D. C. McCune, M. H. Redi, J. Schivell e R. M. Wieland. "TRANSP simulations of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor plasmas". Physics of Plasmas 3, n. 12 (dicembre 1996): 4583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871584.

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14

Saramito, B., E. Maschke, M. Berroukeche, A. Boussari e E. Pineau. "Problems of mhd stability in thermonuclear fusion plasmas". Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 30, n. 6 (dicembre 1997): 3605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0362-546x(97)00261-7.

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15

Hugenholtz, C. A. J., e S. H. Heijnen. "Pulse radar technique for reflectometry on thermonuclear plasmas". Review of Scientific Instruments 62, n. 4 (aprile 1991): 1100–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142014.

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16

Hartemann, F. V., C. W. Siders e C. P. J. Barty. "Theory of Compton scattering in ignited thermonuclear plasmas". Journal of the Optical Society of America B 25, n. 7 (30 giugno 2008): B167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.25.00b167.

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17

Jardin, A., J. Bielecki, D. Mazon, J. Dankowski, K. Król, Y. Peysson, M. Scholz, A. Kulinska e L. Marciniak. "X-Ray and Neutron Tomography of Thermonuclear Plasmas". Acta Physica Polonica A 138, n. 4 (ottobre 2020): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.138.626.

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18

Rose, S. J. "Electron–positron pair creation in burning thermonuclear plasmas". High Energy Density Physics 9, n. 3 (settembre 2013): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2013.04.002.

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19

MAHDAVI, M., e T. KOOHROKHI. "NUCLEAR ELASTIC SCATTERING EFFECT ON STOPPING POWER OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE MEDIA". Modern Physics Letters A 26, n. 21 (10 luglio 2011): 1561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311036176.

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By solving the Boltzmann equation, an expression is derived for the stopping power of fast ions via nuclear elastic scattering, taking into account the large-energy-transfer scattering effects. The plasma electrons and ions are considered in temperature equilibrium with the Maxwellian distribution function. Thus, by adding Coulomb stopping power, the complete treatment is obtained for stopping power of charged particles moving in a plasma. The result is used, for example, to calculate the stopping power of proton projectile moving in a deuterium–tritium plasma. These calculations show that the nuclear elastic scattering effect on stopping power of fast ions is more effective in high-temperature plasmas (T ≥ 10 keV) such as that used in thermonuclear plasmas.

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20

Wang, Hongzhang. "An Explanation for the Solar Neutrino Problem—a New Mechanism of Thermonuclear Reaction". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 9, n. 2 (1991): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000024310.

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AbstractA new mechanism of thermonuclear reaction is briefly introduced. It shows that a certain amount of thermonuclear reaction can take place in dense, low temperature (T < 1 × 105 K) plasmas. As most regions in the Sun are at moderate and low temperature, a sufficient amount of fusion energy is generated there. Therefore, the current standard solar models, in which the solar central temperature must be slightly lower than 15 × 106 K, must be modified, and this would make the flux of high-energy neutrinos conform with the observational results.

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21

Wu, Yuanbin, e Adriana Pálffy. "Determination of Plasma Screening Effects for Thermonuclear Reactions in Laser-generated Plasmas". Astrophysical Journal 838, n. 1 (23 marzo 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6252.

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22

Ballabio, L., J. Källne e G. Gorini. "Relativistic calculation of fusion product spectra for thermonuclear plasmas". Nuclear Fusion 38, n. 11 (novembre 1998): 1723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/11/310.

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23

Coppi, B., S. Cowley, R. Kulsrud, P. Detragiache e F. Pegoraro. "High-energy components and collective modes in thermonuclear plasmas". Physics of Fluids 29, n. 12 (1986): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865749.

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24

Besshou, Sakae, Osamu Motojima, Motoyasu Sato, Fumimichi Sano, Tokuhiro Obiki, Atsuo Iiyoshi e Koji Uo. "Thermonuclear fusion neutrons under “Currentless plasmas” in Heliotron E". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 237, n. 3 (luglio 1985): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(85)91070-8.

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25

Wu, Yuanbin. "Neutron production from thermonuclear reactions in laser-generated plasmas". Physics of Plasmas 27, n. 2 (febbraio 2020): 022708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5126411.

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26

Besshou, Sakae, Osamu Motojima, Motoyasu Sato, Fumimichi Sano, Tokuhiro Obiki, Atsuo Iiyoshi e Koji Uo. "Thermonuclear Fusion Neutrons under “Currentless Plasmas” in Heliotron E". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 54, n. 4 (15 aprile 1985): 1348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.54.1348.

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27

Dimitrijević, Milan S., e Sylvie Sahal-Bréchot. "Stark broadened line profiles of neutral strontium lines in plasma conditions". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 180 (1997): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900130402.

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During more than twenty years, we are making a continuous effort to provide Stark-broadening parameters needed for research of astrophysical, laboratory and laser produced plasma. A review of our results is presented in Dimitrijević, 1996). Such data are of interest for the consideration of a number of problems in astrophysics, physics and technology as e.g. for stellar plasma diagnostic, opacity calculations, the investigation/modelling of stellar spectra or a particular line, laboratory plasma diagnostic, laser produced plasmas, thermonuclear research, plasma technology, as well as for different examinations of regularities and systematic trends for e.g. homologous atoms (Dimitrijević and Popović, 1989) or in general (Purić et al. 1991).

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28

Liolios, Theodore E. "Weakly screened thermonuclear reactions in astrophysical plasmas: Improving Salpeter’s model". European Physical Journal A 18, S1 (3 luglio 2003): s1—s25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjad/s2003-01-001-7.

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29

Itoh, Naoki, Fumiyoshi Kuwashima e Hiroharu Munakata. "Enhancement of thermonuclear reaction rates in extremely dense stellar plasmas". Astrophysical Journal 362 (ottobre 1990): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/169300.

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30

Shaviv, Nir J., e Giora Shaviv. "The Electrostatic Screening of Thermonuclear Reactions in Astrophysical Plasmas. I." Astrophysical Journal 468 (settembre 1996): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/177702.

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31

Dlougach, E. D., M. N. Shlenskii e B. V. Kuteev. "Fast Beam Driven Neutron Yield in Thermonuclear Neutron Source Plasmas". Физика плазмы 49, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2023): 937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367292123600644.

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Abstract (sommario):

The thermonuclear fusion between fast (super-thermal) particles injected in plasma as a neutral beam and the ions of the background plasma is expected to be the main source of fusion neutrons in FNS (fusion neutron source) design based on tokamak. Neutral beam contribution in fusion reactivity and in the total neutron yield depends on the high-energy ion fraction in the integral energy distribution. NESTOR code [1] calculates nuclear fusion rates in the FNS plasma volume, taking into account an external source of high-energy fast ions. Neutral beam model reproduces in detail the actual beam structure in phase space at the injection port plane; while the fast ion distributions in magnetically confined plasma are calculated using a combination of slowing-down classical formulae and magnetic field topology in the tokamak chamber. Here we discuss the issues relevant to the overall neutron production and the contribution of fast ions to the neutron output in plasma.

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32

Dlougach, E. D., M. N. Shlenskii e B. V. Kuteev. "Fast Beam Driven Neutron Yield in Thermonuclear Neutron Source Plasmas". Plasma Physics Reports 49, n. 10 (ottobre 2023): 1135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x23600974.

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33

Korobkin, V. V., e M. Yu Romanovsky. "Scaling of plasmas, heated and ponderomotively confined by powerful laser radiation". Laser and Particle Beams 16, n. 2 (giugno 1998): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600011575.

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It is shown that a powerful laser beam is capable of the ponderomotive confinement of plasma with electron density exceeding the critical density for the radiation under review. The theory describing force and heat balances of the plasma together with the propagation of the laser radiation is developed. The laws of the dense plasma scaling for controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) and other applications are formulated.

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34

PEGORARO, F., S. ATZENI, M. BORGHESI, S. BULANOV, T. ESIRKEPOV, J. HONRUBIA, Y. KATO et al. "Production of ion beams in high-power laser–plasma interactions and their applications". Laser and Particle Beams 22, n. 1 (marzo 2004): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034604221048.

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Energetic ion beams are produced during the interaction of ultrahigh-intensity, short laser pulses with plasmas. These laser-produced ion beams have important applications ranging from the fast ignition of thermonuclear targets to proton imaging, deep proton lithography, medical physics, and injectors for conventional accelerators. Although the basic physical mechanisms of ion beam generation in the plasma produced by the laser pulse interaction with the target are common to all these applications, each application requires a specific optimization of the ion beam properties, that is, an appropriate choice of the target design and of the laser pulse intensity, shape, and duration.

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35

MATSUURA, HIDEAKI, e YASUYUKI NAKAO. "Effect of nuclear elastic scattering on plasma heating characteristics in deuteron–triton thermonuclear plasmas". Journal of Plasma Physics 72, n. 06 (dicembre 2006): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377806005915.

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36

Graves, David B., e Richard A. Gottscho. "Computer Applications in Plasma Materials Processing". MRS Bulletin 16, n. 2 (febbraio 1991): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400057602.

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In manufacturing microelectronic and optoelectronic devices, thin solid films of various sorts are routinely deposited and etched using low pressure, weakly ionized plasmas. The term “plasma” in this context implies an ionized gas with nearly equal numbers of positive and negative charges. This definition is not very restrictive, so. there are an enormous number of phenomena that are termed plasmas. For example, very hot, magnetized, fully ionized plasmas exist in stellar environments and thermonuclear fusion experiments. High temperature electric arcs are a form of plasma as well. In contrast, the plasmas used in electronic materials processing are near room temperature and the gas is usually weakly ionized. Indeed, due to the sensitivity of electronic devices to high temperatures, their low operating temperature is one of the major advantages of plasma processes.Plasma processing is attractive because of two important physiochemical effects: energetic free electrons in the plasma (heated by applied electric fields) dissociate the neutral gas in the plasma to create chemically reactive species; and free positive ions are accelerated by the plasma electric fields to surfaces bounding the plasma. Reactive species created in the plasma diffuse to surfaces and adsorb; wafers to be processed are typically placed on one of these surfaces.The combination of neutral species adsorption and positive ion bombardment results in surface chemical reaction. If the products of the surface reaction are volatile, they leave the surface and etching results. If the products are involatile, a surface film grows.

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37

Wilets, L., B. G. Giraud, M. J. Watrous e J. J. Rehr. "Effect of Screening on Thermonuclear Fusion in Stellar and Laboratory Plasmas". Astrophysical Journal 530, n. 1 (10 febbraio 2000): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/308333.

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38

Itoh, Naoki, Nami Tomizawa, Shinya Wanajo e Satoshi Nozawa. "Enhancement of Resonant Thermonuclear Reaction Rates in Extremely Dense Stellar Plasmas". Astrophysical Journal 586, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 1436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/367720.

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39

Bettini, P., A. Formisano, R. Martone, A. Stella e F. Trevisan. "Combined reconstruction techniques for geometrical and magnetic characteristics of thermonuclear plasmas". COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 20, n. 3 (settembre 2001): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640110393699.

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40

Ziebell, L. F. "Electron cyclotron absorption for oblique propagation in loss-cone plasmas". Journal of Plasma Physics 39, n. 3 (giugno 1988): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237780002674x.

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The components of the dielectric tensor for a plasma described by a relativistic loss-cone electron distribution are written in a simple way, which takes full account of relativistic effects, harmonics and Larmor radius, for perpendicular and oblique propagation. For sufficiently oblique propagation and temperatures in the thermonuclear range, a still simpler form of the dielectric tensor is derived. The role of the wave parameters in the absorption is discussed, and some comments are made about the weakly relativistic and non-relativistic approaches. A numerical example is given for both the extraordinary and ordinary modes.

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41

Schlossberg, D. J., A. S. Moore, J. S. Kallman, M. Lowry, M. J. Eckart, E. P. Hartouni, T. J. Hilsabeck, S. M. Kerr e J. D. Kilkenny. "Design of a multi-detector, single line-of-sight, time-of-flight system to measure time-resolved neutron energy spectra". Review of Scientific Instruments 93, n. 11 (1 novembre 2022): 113528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101874.

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In the dynamic environment of burning, thermonuclear deuterium–tritium plasmas, diagnosing the time-resolved neutron energy spectrum is of critical importance. Strategies exist for this diagnosis in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas, which presently have a lifetime of ∼1012 longer than inertial confinement fusion (ICF) plasmas. Here, we present a novel concept for a simple, precise, and scale-able diagnostic to measure time-resolved neutron spectra in ICF plasmas. The concept leverages general tomographic reconstruction techniques adapted to time-of-flight parameter space, and then employs an updated Monte Carlo algorithm and National Ignition Facility-relevant constraints to reconstruct the time-evolving neutron energy spectrum. Reconstructed spectra of the primary 14.028 MeV nDT peak are in good agreement with the exact synthetic spectra. The technique is also used to reconstruct the time-evolving downscattered spectrum, although the present implementation shows significantly more error.

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42

Lütjens, Hinrich, e Jean-François Luciani. "Saturation levels of neoclassical tearing modes in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor plasmas". Physics of Plasmas 12, n. 8 (agosto 2005): 080703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2001667.

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43

Nocente, M., A. Pavone, M. Tardocchi, V. Goloborod'ko, K. Schoepf e V. Yavorskij. "A generalized Abel inversion method for gamma-ray imaging of thermonuclear plasmas". Journal of Instrumentation 11, n. 03 (1 marzo 2016): C03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/03/c03001.

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44

Lopes Cardozo, N. J., e M. Peters. "Diffusion across a layered medium and relation to transport in thermonuclear plasmas". Physics of Plasmas 2, n. 11 (novembre 1995): 4230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871468.

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45

Maslov, M., E. Lerche, F. Auriemma, E. Belli, C. Bourdelle, C. D. Challis, A. Chomiczewska et al. "JET D-T scenario with optimized non-thermal fusion". Nuclear Fusion 63, n. 11 (12 ottobre 2023): 112002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ace2d8.

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Abstract In JET deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas, the fusion power is produced through thermonuclear reactions and reactions between thermal ions and fast particles generated by neutral beam injection (NBI) heating or accelerated by electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRFs). To complement the experiments with 50/50 D/T mixtures maximizing thermonuclear reactivity, a scenario with dominant non-thermal reactivity has been developed and successfully demonstrated during the second JET deuterium-tritium campaign DTE2, as it was predicted to generate the highest fusion power in JET with a Be/W wall. It was performed in a 15/85 D/T mixture with pure D-NBI heating combined with ICRF heating at the fundamental deuterium resonance. In steady plasma conditions, a record 59 MJ of fusion energy has been achieved in a single pulse, of which 50.5 MJ were produced in a 5 s time window (P fus = 10.1 MW) with average Q = 0.33, confirming predictive modelling in preparation of the experiment. The highest fusion power in these experiments, P fus = 12.5 MW with average Q = 0.38, was achieved over a shorter 2 s time window, with the period of sustainment limited by high-Z impurity accumulation. This scenario provides unique data for the validation of physics-based models used to predict D-T fusion power.

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46

DU, DAN, XUEYU GONG, ZHENHUA WANG, JUN YU e PINGWEI ZHENG. "Theoretical analysis of the ICRH antenna's impedance matching for ELMy plasmas on EAST". Journal of Plasma Physics 78, n. 6 (19 aprile 2012): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000396.

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AbstractA well-optimized design of an ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antenna is very important for steady-state plasma heating with high radio frequency (RF) power of several tens of megawatts. However, a sharp decrease in the coupling RF power because of impedance mismatch of ICRH system is an issue that must be resolved for present-day fusion reactors and International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. This paper has theoretically analyzed the ICRH antenna's impedance matching for ELMy plasmas on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) by the transmission line theory. The results indicate that judicious choice of the optimal feeder location is found useful for adjustable capacitors' tolerance to the variations of the antenna input impedance during edge-localized mode (ELM) discharge, which is expected to be good for the design of ICRH antenna system and for real-time feedback control during ELM discharge on EAST.

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47

Lopes Cardozo, N. J., e M. Peters. "Erratum: “Diffusion across a layered medium and relation to transport in thermonuclear plasmas” [Phys. Plasmas 2, 4230 (1995)]". Physics of Plasmas 4, n. 1 (gennaio 1997): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872615.

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48

Skinner, C. H. "Applications of EBIT to magnetic fusion diagnostics". Canadian Journal of Physics 86, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2008): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p07-100.

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Fusion-energy development has reached an exciting stage with the agreement by seven nations, representing over half the world population, to build the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of magnetic fusion. High-Z materials such as tungsten are used in plasma-facing components, and contamination of the plasma by sputtered impurities must be controlled to limit radiation losses. Spectroscopic diagnostics will be used to monitor impurity influx and EBIT has played a key role in generating the atomic data necessary to interpret the spectroscopic observations. In this paper, we focus on the key contributions that EBIT devices are uniquely positioned to make in the spectroscopic diagnostics of next-step burning plasmas such as ITER and list specific areas where new data are needed. PACS Nos.: 32.30.Jc, 32.30.Rj, 52.40.Hf, 52.55.Fa, 52.70.Kz, 52.70.La

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49

Matsuura, H., e Y. Nakao. "Effect of Nuclear Elastic Scattering on Neutral Beam Injection Heating in Thermonuclear Plasmas". Fusion Science and Technology 47, n. 3 (aprile 2005): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst05-a784.

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50

Hill, E. G., e S. J. Rose. "Non-thermal enhancement of electron–positron pair creation in burning thermonuclear laboratory plasmas". High Energy Density Physics 13 (dicembre 2014): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2014.07.001.

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