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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Thermodynamics"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Thermodynamics"

Li, Li-Fang, e Jian-Yang Zhu. "Thermodynamics in Loop Quantum Cosmology". Advances in High Energy Physics 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/905705.

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Loop quantum cosmology (LQC) is very powerful to deal with the behavior of early universe. Moreover, the effective loop quantum cosmology gives a successful description of the universe in the semiclassical region. We consider the apparent horizon of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe as a thermodynamical system and investigate the thermodynamics of LQC in the semiclassical region. The effective density and effective pressure in the modified Friedmann equation from LQC not only determine the evolution of the universe in LQC scenario but also are actually found to be the thermodynamic quantities. This result comes from the energy definition in cosmology (the Misner-Sharp gravitational energy) and is consistent with thermodynamic laws. We prove that within the framework of loop quantum cosmology, the elementary equation of equilibrium thermodynamics is still valid.

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Rashkovskiy, S. A. "Hamiltonian Thermodynamics". Nelineinaya Dinamika 16, n. 4 (2020): 557–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/nd200403.

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It is believed that thermodynamic laws are associated with random processes occurring in the system and, therefore, deterministic mechanical systems cannot be described within the framework of the thermodynamic approach. In this paper, we show that thermodynamics (or, more precisely, a thermodynamically-like description) can be constructed even for deterministic Hamiltonian systems, for example, systems with only one degree of freedom. We show that for such systems it is possible to introduce analogs of thermal energy, temperature, entropy, Helmholtz free energy, etc., which are related to each other by the usual thermodynamic relations. For the Hamiltonian systems considered, the first and second laws of thermodynamics are rigorously derived, which have the same form as in ordinary (molecular) thermodynamics. It is shown that for Hamiltonian systems it is possible to introduce the concepts of a thermodynamic state, a thermodynamic process, and thermodynamic cycles, in particular, the Carnot cycle, which are described by the same relations as their usual thermodynamic analogs.

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Goto, Shin-itiro. "Affine geometric description of thermodynamics". Journal of Mathematical Physics 64, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 013301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124768.

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Thermodynamics provides a unified perspective of the thermodynamic properties of various substances. To formulate thermodynamics in the language of sophisticated mathematics, thermodynamics is described by a variety of differential geometries, including contact and symplectic geometries. Meanwhile, affine geometry is a branch of differential geometry and is compatible with information geometry, where information geometry is known to be compatible with thermodynamics. By combining above, it is expected that thermodynamics is compatible with affine geometry and is expected that several affine geometric tools can be introduced in the analysis of thermodynamic systems. In this paper, affine geometric descriptions of equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics are proposed. For equilibrium systems, it is shown that several thermodynamic quantities can be identified with geometric objects in affine geometry and that several geometric objects can be introduced in thermodynamics. Examples of these include the following: specific heat is identified with the affine fundamental form and a flat connection is introduced in thermodynamic phase space. For nonequilibrium systems, two classes of relaxation processes are shown to be described in the language of an extension of affine geometry. Finally, this affine geometric description of thermodynamics for equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems is compared with a contact geometric description.

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Pokrovskii, Vladimir N. "A Derivation of the Main Relations of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics". ISRN Thermodynamics 2013 (21 ottobre 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/906136.

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The principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are discussed, using the concept of internal variables that describe deviations of a thermodynamic system from the equilibrium state. While considering the first law of thermodynamics, work of internal variables is taken into account. It is shown that the requirement that the thermodynamic system cannot fulfil any work via internal variables is equivalent to the conventional formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. These statements, in line with the axioms introducing internal variables can be considered as basic principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. While considering stationary nonequilibrium situations close to equilibrium, it is shown that known linear parities between thermodynamic forces and fluxes and also the production of entropy, as a sum of products of thermodynamic forces and fluxes, are consequences of fundamental principles of thermodynamics.

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WANG, LIQIU. "AN APPROACH FOR THERMODYNAMIC REASONING". International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, n. 20 (15 settembre 1996): 2531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001124.

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Re-examination of classical thermodynamics exposes some problems. The introduction of a new reasoning approach leads to a new branch of classical thermodynamics — structural thermodynamics. An inequality principle of thermodynamic state variables decouples structure of a process set with its working medium. The introduction of optimization into thermodynamic analyses changes the attitude of classical thermodynamics from observing/describing systems to controlling/optimizing the systems. To illustrate the approach, structural thermodynamic analyses are performed for reversible heat engines and a class of irreversible heat engines. This leads to and extends the classical Carnot theory.

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Zhang, Dongliang, e Qi Ouyang. "Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Biochemical Systems and Its Application". Entropy 23, n. 3 (25 febbraio 2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030271.

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Living systems are open systems, where the laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics play the important role. Therefore, studying living systems from a nonequilibrium thermodynamic aspect is interesting and useful. In this review, we briefly introduce the history and current development of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, especially that in biochemical systems. We first introduce historically how people realized the importance to study biological systems in the thermodynamic point of view. We then introduce the development of stochastic thermodynamics, especially three landmarks: Jarzynski equality, Crooks’ fluctuation theorem and thermodynamic uncertainty relation. We also summarize the current theoretical framework for stochastic thermodynamics in biochemical reaction networks, especially the thermodynamic concepts and instruments at nonequilibrium steady state. Finally, we show two applications and research paradigms for thermodynamic study in biological systems.

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Shabanova, Galina, Oksana Myrgorod, Oleksandr Pirohov e Marina Tomenko. "Barium Aluminates and the Study of their Basic Thermodynamic Data". Materials Science Forum 1100 (19 ottobre 2023): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ak1mbo.

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The article presents the results of studies of thermodynamically stable barium aluminates. A database of thermodynamic data has been created: enthalpies, entropies and coefficients of the heat capacity equation, necessary for the study of multicomponent systems, including barium aluminates. Since the basis of modern materials science is multicomponent systems, on their basis it is possible to create various combinations of phases in structural materials with a set of specified properties. Thus, modern thermodynamics is not a frozen science. It is known that the objects of research are expanding, where thermodynamic methods can be applied to study the area of high and low temperatures, the area of very low and high pressures. And new discoveries give birth to new areas of application of thermodynamics: thermodynamics of thermonuclear reactions, plasma thermodynamics, relativistic thermodynamics, thermodynamics of negative absolute temperatures, etc. And, finally, the methods of thermodynamic research themselves do not remain unchanged: the exergy method, the methods of thermodynamics of irreversible processes, etc. At present, the thermodynamic method of research is widely used in various fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and many other sciences and branches of technology. Being one of the most extensive areas of modern natural science, thermodynamics plays an important role in the system of knowledge necessary for an engineer of any specialty in his practical activities. Chemical thermodynamics, on the other hand, paid the greatest attention to the study of phase transitions and the properties of solutions, and in relation to chemical reactions it was limited mainly to determining their thermal effects. To some extent, this is due to the fact that it was these areas of chemical thermodynamics that were the first to satisfy the needs of production. The practical use of known methods of thermodynamics of chemical reactions for solving major industrial problems for a long time lagged behind its capabilities.

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Quan, Hai-Tao, Hui Dong e Chang-Pu Sun. "Theoretical and experimental progress of mesoscopic statistical thermodynamics". Acta Physica Sinica 72, n. 23 (2023): 230501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20231608.

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Does thermodynamics still hold true for mecroscopic small systems with only limited degrees of freedom? Do concepts such as temperature, entropy, work done, heat transfer, isothermal processes, and the Carnot cycle remain valid? Does the thermodynamic theory for small systems need modifying or supplementing compared with traditional thermodynamics applicable to macroscopic systems? Taking a single-particle system for example, we investigate the applicability of thermodynamic concepts and laws in small systems. We have found that thermodynamic laws still hold true in small systems at an ensemble-averaged level. After considering the information erasure of the Maxwell's demon, the second law of thermodynamics is not violated. Additionally, 'small systems' bring some new features. Fluctuations in thermodynamic quantities become prominent. In any process far from equilibrium, the distribution functions of thermodynamic quantities satisfy certain rigorously established identities. These identities are known as fluctuation theorems. The second law of thermodynamics can be derived from them. Therefore, fluctuation theorems can be considered an upgradation to the second law of thermodynamics. They enable physicists to obtain equilibrium properties (e.g. free energy difference) by measuring physical quantities associated with non-equilibrium processes (e.g. work distributions). Furthermore, despite some distinct quantum features, the performance of quantum heat engine does not outperform that of classical heat engine. The introduction of motion equations into small system makes the relationship between thermodynamics and mechanics closer than before. Physicists can study energy dissipation in non-equilibrium process and optimize the power and efficiency of heat engine from the first principle. These findings enrich the content of thermodynamic theory and provide new ideas for establishing a general framework for non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

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Tuttle, Kenneth L., e Chih Wu. "Computer-Based Thermodynamics". Journal of Educational Technology Systems 30, n. 4 (giugno 2002): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/b0x1-r5pw-lcyj-yyme.

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A new computer-based approach to teaching thermodynamics is being developed and tried by two mechanical engineering professors at the U.S. Naval Academy. The course uses sophisticated software, in this case CyclePad, to work all of the homework problems. A new text, written with traditional theory but computer-based problems, accommodates the new approach. The new course is scheduled for Fall Term 2001 at the Naval Academy. Computer-based thermodynamics courses teach the same theory as traditional thermodynamics courses as well as the same types of problems. However, traditional thermodynamic cycle hand calculations are replaced by cycle calculations using CyclePad. This new example of Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction, ICAI, switches emphasis from learning cycle calculations to learning cause and effect through parametric analysis. Parametric analysis is made feasible through experimentation using computer models. For this, CyclePad has artificial intelligence, sensitivity analysis and graphical presentation capabilities. Traditionally, thermodynamics culminates in analysis of the thermodynamic cycles. In this course, students will progress well beyond traditional thermodynamics courses by emphasizing cycle analysis.

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Struchtrup, Henning. "Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics—The Nonequilibrium Perspective". Entropy 22, n. 7 (21 luglio 2020): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070793.

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An alternative to the Carnot-Clausius approach for introducing entropy and the second law of thermodynamics is outlined that establishes entropy as a nonequilibrium property from the onset. Five simple observations lead to entropy for nonequilibrium and equilibrium states, and its balance. Thermodynamic temperature is identified, its positivity follows from the stability of the rest state. It is shown that the equations of engineering thermodynamics are valid for the case of local thermodynamic equilibrium, with inhomogeneous states. The main findings are accompanied by examples and additional discussion to firmly imbed classical and engineering thermodynamics into nonequilibrium thermodynamics.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Thermodynamics"

Popovic, Marko. "Application of the Entropy Concept to Thermodynamics and Life Sciences: Evolution Parallels Thermodynamics, Cellulose Hydrolysis Thermodynamics, and Ordered and Disordered Vacancies Thermodynamics". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6996.

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Entropy, first introduced in thermodynamics, is used in a wide range of fields. Chapter 1 discusses some important theoretical and practical aspects of entropy: what is entropy, is it subjective or objective, and how to properly apply it to living organisms. Chapter 2 presents applications of entropy to evolution. Chapter 3 shows how cellulosic biofuel production can be improved. Chapter 4 shows how lattice vacancies influence the thermodynamic properties of materials. To determine the nature of thermodynamic entropy, Chapters 1 and 2 describe the roots, the conceptual history of entropy, as well as its path of development and application. From the viewpoint of physics, thermal entropy is a measure of useless energy stored in a system resulting from thermal motion of particles. Thermal entropy is a non-negative objective property. The negentropy concept, while mathematically correct, is physically misleading. This dissertation hypothesizes that concepts from thermodynamics and statistical mechanics can be used to define statistical measurements, similar to thermodynamic entropy, to summarize the convergence of processes driven by random inputs subject to deterministic constraints. A primary example discussed here is evolution in biological systems. As discussed in this dissertation, the first and second laws of thermodynamics do not translate directly into parallel laws for the biome. But, the fundamental principles on which thermodynamic entropy is based are also true for information. Based on these principles, it is shown that adaptation and evolution are stochastically deterministic. Chapter 3 discusses the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose, which is a key reaction in renewable energy from biomass and in mineralization of soil organic matter to CO2. Conditional thermodynamic parameters, ΔhydG', ΔhydH', and ΔhydS', and equilibrium glucose concentrations are reported for the reaction C6H10O5(cellulose) + H2O(l) ⇄ C6H12O6(aq) as functions of temperature from 0 to 100°C. Activity coefficients of aqueous glucose solution were determined as a function of temperature. The results suggest that producing cellulosic biofuels at higher temperatures will result in higher conversion. Chapter 4 presents the data and a theory relating the linear term in the low temperature heat capacity to lattice vacancy concentration. The theory gives a quantitative result for disordered vacancies, but overestimates the contribution from ordered vacancies because ordering leads to a decreased influence of vacancies on heat capacity.

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De, Lucca Brenno Jason Sanzio Peter. "Linear irreversible thermodynamics". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20975/.

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In questa tesi tratteremo il problema di costruire una teoria termodinamica per trasformazioni su un sistema passante per stati di non-equilibrio. Cercando di generalizzare a sistemi che non sono all’equilibrio, rilasseremo la richiesta che siano in equilibrio globalmente. Lo stato termodinamico sarà univocamente determinato da un insieme di parametri termodinamici definiti localmente, della stessa natura e significato fisico dei parametri usati nella termodinamica classica. Le molteplici assunzioni necessarie al fine di avere una teoria mesoscopica comunque predittiva verranno giustificate a posteriori, quando possibile, in base alle predizioni che da tale modello nasceranno. In particolare ci concentreremo sugli effetti termoelettrici di Thompson, Seebeck e Peltier, esempi storici di grande rilevanza nel campo della termodinamica del non-equilibrio.

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Langbein, Rollo Foster. "Thermodynamics and inflation". Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5622/.

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The standard model of particle physics is introduced, and extensions of it, which may be of cosmological relevance, are considered. The inflationary paradigm is reviewed as an extension of the standard cosmological model. In particular, the natural inflation mechanism resulting from a thermal phase change in a field theory with a spontaneous symmetry breaking potential, is examined. The question of when thermal equilibrium is likely to be a valid assumption in the early universe is considered in some detail. For inflation models, this question is answered by a self-consistency argument involving the total number of interactions per inflaton particle. In order to describe thermal-phase-change inflation models further, the temperature-dependent effective potential resulting from finite-temperature field theory is reviewed. The self-consistency test is developed into a numerical procedure which may be used to discuss the likelihood of thermal state generation in specific inflation models in a quantitative way. Alternatively, the method can be used to provide bounds on the parameters in the inflation potential from the requirement that a thermal state should occur. This procedure is applied to several example potentials and in particular it is easily verified that the "new inflation" model (relying on a phase change) is not viable. The method is quite general and can be applied to any inflation model for which a finite temperature effective potential can be defined. The procedure is generalised to the recently proposed extended inflation. Bounds on the extra free parameters which must be introduced in extended inflation are discussed. It is concluded that despite these extra free parameters the difficulties of generating a thermal state are just as great as they are in conventional inflation.

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Matschei, Thomas. "Thermodynamics of cement hydration". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://library.eawag-empa.ch/empa_publications_2007_open_access/EMPA20070485.pdf.

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Perarnau, Llobet Martí. "Thermodynamics and quantum correlations". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404732.

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Thermodynamics traditionally deals with macroscopic systems at thermal equilibrium. However, since the very beginning of the theory, its range of applicability has only increased, nowadays being applied to virtually every field of science, and to systems of extremely different size. This thesis is devoted to the study of thermodynamics in the quantum regime. It contains original results on topics that include: Work extraction from quantum systems, fluctuations of work, the energetic value of correlations and entanglement, and the thermodynamics of closed quantum many body systems. First, we study work extraction from thermally isolated systems. Here the notion of passive states naturally arises, as those quantum states from which no work can be extracted. We start by characterising the set of passive states, and find the most energetic passive states, a dual family to the well known Gibbs (or thermal) states. Remarkably, passive states have the property of activation: When considered as a whole, several copies of passive states can become nonpassive. We study the dynamics of activation processes, and find a relation between the entanglement generated and the speed of the process. Next, we consider the possibility of extracting work from a system using an auxiliary thermal bath. In this case, according to the second law of thermodynamics, the amount of work is bounded by the free energy difference. We develop corrections to this law which arise from the finite size and the structure of the bath. We go on by studying the fluctuations of work. Fluctuations are particularly relevant for small systems, where their relative size is comparable to the average value itself. However, characterising the fluctuations in the quantum regime is particularly difficult, as measurements generically disturb the state. In fact, we derive a no go result, showing that it is not possible to exactly measure the fluctuations of work in quantum coherent processes. Despite this result, we develop a new scheme that allows for their approximate measurement. An important part of this thesis is devoted to the relation between quantum correlations and work. We start by considering a set of correlated states which are thermal at the local level, in which case the extractable work can only come from the correlations. We compute the amount of work that can be stored in entangled, separable and correlated states with a fixed entropy, by finding the corresponding optimal states and protocols. These results provide fundamental bounds on the potential of different type of correlations for work storage and extraction. Next, we consider the converse scenario, and study the creation of correlations from thermal states. We find thresholds on the maximal temperature for the generation of entanglement. We also work out the minimal work cost of creating different types of correlations, including total correlations, entanglement, and genuine multipartite entanglement. Finally, we study the thermodynamics of closed quantum systems. Here we use one of the most important recent insights from the study of equilibration in quantum systems: Closed many body systems do not equilibrate, but can be effectively described as if they had equilibrated when looking at a restricted, physically relevant, class of observables. Importantly, the corresponding equilibrium state is not necessarily a Gibbs state, but may be very well given by a Generalized Gibbs ensemble state. With this in mind, we develop a framework for studying entropy production and work extraction in closed quantum systems.
La termodinàmica va néixer com una teoria dedicada a l'estudi de cossos macroscòpics en equilibri tèrmic. A partir d'aquell moment, l'abast de la teoria no ha deixat d'augmentar, aplicant-se en l'actualitat a gran part de les disciplines científiques, així com a objectes de mides extremadament diferents. La present tesis està dedicada a l'estudi de la termodinàmica de sistemes quàntics. Conté resultats originals en diferents temes, que inclouen l'extracció de treball de sistemes quàntics, les fluctuacions de treball, la relació entre l'energia i les correlacions quàntiques, i la termodinàmica de sistemes de molts cossos. La primera part de la tesis està dedicada a l'estudi de l'extracció de treball de sistemes quàntics. En aquest context la noció d'estat passiu (un estat del qual no es pot extreure treball) és fonamental. Primer de tot, caracteritzem el conjunt d'estats passius, i en particular trobem els més energètics, que es troben a l'altre extrem dels estats tèrmics (o de Gibbs). Notablement, els estats passius poden ser activats, en el sentit que es pot extreure treball d'un conjunt suficientment gran de còpies d'un estat passiu. Estudiant en detall l'esmentat procés d'activació, trobem una relació entre la velocitat del procés i l'entrellaçament generat. Seguidament, considerem la possibilitat d'extreure treball d'un sistema utilitzant un bany tèrmic. En aquest cas, d'acord amb la segona llei de la termodinàmica, la quantitat de treball està limitada per l'energia lliure. Per sistemes quàntics, en molts casos no és possible extreure tota l'energia lliure, i desenvolupem correccions de la segona llei que depenen només de la mida del bany i de la seva estructura. A continuació estudiem les fluctuacions termodinàmiques (en particular del treball), que són especialment rellevants per sistemes microscòpics. La seva descripció en el règim quàntic és especialment difícil, donat que les mesures tenen un efecte invasiu en l'estat. De fet, mostrem que és impossible mesurar exactament les fluctuacions d'energia en processos que involucren coherència quàntica. Malgrat aquest resultat, també desenvolupem un sistema per mesurar les fluctuacions del treball de forma aproximada. Una part important d'aquesta tesis està dedicada a la relació entre les correlacions (quàntiques) i el treball. Comencem considerant un conjunt d'estats correlacionats, que individualment es troben en un estat tèrmic. La motivació és que en aquest cas el treball contingut en els estats prové únicament de les correlacions. En aquest escenari, calculem la quantitat de treball que es pot extreure d'estats entrellaçats, estats separables i estats correlacionats amb una determinada entropia. És a dir, calculem el treball màxim que es pot extreure de les correlacions, tan clàssiques com quàntiques. A continuació, considerem el procés invers, és a dir, la creació de correlacions en estats tèrmics. En aquest cas derivem límits en la temperatura màxima per poder crear diferents tipus entrellaçament, i el corresponent cost energètic. Finalment, estudiem la termodinàmica de sistemes de molts cossos. Aquí fem servir un dels resultats més importants relacionats amb l'equilibració en sistemes quàntics: sistemes quàntics tancats que involucren moltes partícules no arriben a l'equilibri, però es comporten com si hi haguessin arribat per la majoria d'observables (incloent observables rellevants des d'un punt de vista físic com l'energia). Tanmateix, el corresponent estat d'equilibri no és sempre tèrmic, i a vegades només es pot descriure mitjançant un estat generalitzat de Gibbs (GGE). La nostra contribució consisteix en desenvolupar un formalisme que permet estudiar la producció d'entropia i l'extracció del treball en estats GGE, el qual apliquem a sistemes de fermions.

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Bakk, Audun. "Statistical Thermodynamics of Proteins". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-494.

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The subject of this thesis is to formulate effective energy expressions (Hamiltonians) of proteins and protein related systems. By use of equilibrium statistical mechanics we calculate thermodynamical functions, whereupon we compare the results from theory with experimental data. Papers 1-7 and 10-12 concern this problem. In addition, Paper 8 (P8) and Paper 9 (P9) are attached. Both these papers were finalized during the Ph.D. study. However, they are not related to proteins.

Papers II, III, V, VII, VIII, XI and XII are reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com Papers VI and IX are reprinted with kind permission of the American Physical Society.

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Erickson, Kristy M., e University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/529.

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Relative densities and relative massic heat capacities have been measured for aqueous solutions of triflic acid (CF3SO3H), sodium triflate (NaCF3SO3), gadolinium triflate (Gd(CF3SO3)3), dysprosium triflate (Dy(CF3SO3)3), neodymium triflate (Nd(CF3SO3)3), erbium triflate (Er(CF3SO3)3), ytterbium triflate (Yb(CF3SO3)3), and yttrium triflate (Y(CF3SO3)3) at T = (288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p = 0.1 MPa. The resulting densities and massic heat capacities have been used to calculate out apparent molar volume and apparent molar heat capacity data for each of the investigated aqueous systems. The concentration dependencies of the apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities have been modeled using Pitzer-ion interaction equations. Single ion volumes and heat capacities have been calculated using estimates of the apparent molar properties at infinite dilution obtained from the Pitzer-ion interaction equations. These single ion values have, where possible, been compared with those previously reported in the literature. Also, relative densities have been measured for aqueous solutions of CF3SO3H, Gd(CF3SO3)3, Nd(CF3SO3)3, and Yb(CF3SO3)3 at T = (323.15, 348.15, 373.15, and 423.15) K and p = (5.00, 10.00, and 15.00) MPa. The resulting densities have been used to calculate apparent molar volumes. The concentration dependences of these properties have also been modeled using Pitzer-ion interaction equations. The apparent molar volumes have been used to calculate single ion volumes which, in turn, have been compared with those previously reported in the literature. This thesis also attempts to model the temperature, pressure, and concentration dependencies of the reported apparent molar properties of each system investigated using an equation of state commonly referred to as the density model. Where possible, the results of this model have been compared with those results from models previously reported in the literature.
xiv, 148 leaves ; 29 cm.

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Manda, Dimitra. "Thermodynamics of polymer blends". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300415.

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Guedens, Raf Maurice Elvire. "Thermodynamics of gravitating systems". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619992.

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Weiguo, Shen. "Thermodynamics of alkane solutions". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7727.

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An apparatus for static vapour pressure measurements on pure liquids and on binary and ternary mixtures containing one involatile component has been designed and constructed. The apparatus and corresponding experimental techniques have been tested and experimental errors have been discussed. Measurements have been made of the vapour pressures of binary mixtures of n-hexane + n-hexadecane at 298.15 K and 303.15 K and of binary mixtures of n-hexane + n-octane, n-octane + n-hexadecane, and ternary mixtures of n-hexane + n-octane + n-hexadecane at 298.15 K. The experimental measurements of pressures (P) vs mole fractions (x) have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation by Barker's method to obtain activity coefficients of each component in the liquid phase, the excess Gibbs functions, and the mole fractions in the vapour phase. The results for n-hexane + n-hexadecane at 303.15 K have been compared with those of previous work (Williamson, 1957) and the agreement is reasonably good. The excess volumes of n-hexane +benzene, n-dodecane + 2-methylpentane and pseudo n-dodecane prepared from equimolar numbers of n-decane + n-tetradecane + each of four branched hexane isomers at 298.15 K have been obtained from measurements of the densities of pure compounds and mixtures with a vibrating tube densimeter. Two methods for preparation of mixtures of which densities are required to be accurately measured have been designed and compared with each other. The excess enthalpies of 2-methylpentane with n-dodecane and with each of three pseudo n-dodecanes prepared from equimolar mixtures of n-decane + n-tetradecane, n-undecane + n-tridecane, and n-octane + n-hexadecane, and the excess enthalpies of equimolar decane + tetradecane mixture with each of the other three branched hexane isomers at 298.15 K have been measured with an isothermal displacement calorimeter. The experimental results of binary mixtures have been discussed in term of the principle of congruence with Hijmans' graphical method and Bellemans and Mat's analytical formula. New graphical tests of the principle of congruence and a modified Bellemans and Mat equation for ternary mixtures have been developed and applied to the experimental p-x data of ternary systems. The agreement between the experimental values and those predicted by the principle are excellent. The modified Bellemans and Mat equation seems to be more powerful than and preferable to the Redlich-Kister equation for the systems investigated in this work.

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Libri sul tema "Thermodynamics"

1924-, Modell Michael, a cura di. Thermodynamics and its applications. 3^a ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall PTR, 1997.

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Haywood, R. W. Equilibrium thermodynamics ("single-axiom" approach): For engineers and scientists. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co., 1992.

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Haywood, R. W. Equilibrium thermodynamics ("single-axiom" approach): For engineers and scientists : worked problems. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co., 1992.

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Anderson, E. E. Thermodynamics. Boston: PWS Pub., 1994.

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Holman, J. P. Thermodynamics. 4^a ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988.

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Balmer, Robert T. Thermodynamic tables to accompany Modern engineering thermodynamics. Amsterdam: Boston, 2011.

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Çengel, Yunus A. Thermodynamics: An engineering approach. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989.

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Çengel, Yunus A. Thermodynamics: An engineering approach. 5^a ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006.

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Çengel, Yunus A. Thermodynamics: An engineering approach. 4^a ed. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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Çengel, Yunus A. Thermodynamics: An engineering approach. 4^a ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2001.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Thermodynamics"

Wills, Peter R., David J. Scott e Donald J. Winzor. "Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Nonideality". In Encyclopedia of Biophysics, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35943-9_287-1.

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Wills, Peter R., David J. Scott e Donald J. Winzor. "Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Nonideality". In Encyclopedia of Biophysics, 2583–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_287.

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Askerov, Bahram M., e Sophia R. Figarova. "Law of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Functions". In Thermodynamics, Gibbs Method and Statistical Physics of Electron Gases, 43–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03171-7_2.

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Silver, Brian L. "Thermodynamics". In The Physical Chemistry of MEMBRANES, 111–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9628-7_6.

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Teixeira-Dias, José J. C. "Thermodynamics". In Molecular Physical Chemistry, 1–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41093-7_1.

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Robinett, Rush D., e David G. Wilson. "Thermodynamics". In Understanding Complex Systems, 13–21. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-823-2_2.

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Streng, William H. "Thermodynamics". In Characterization of Compounds in Solution, 5–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1345-2_2.

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Carlin, Richard L. "Thermodynamics". In Magnetochemistry, 36–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70733-9_3.

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Paterson, Mervyn S. "Thermodynamics". In Materials Science for Structural Geology, 21–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5545-1_2.

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Lavis, David A. "Thermodynamics". In Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 5–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9430-5_1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Thermodynamics"

Morse, John S. "Restructuring Applied Thermodynamics: Exploratory Thermodynamics". In ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1994-0486.

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Abstract A graphical method is proposed for removing the “drudge work” of looking up property values and solving the conservation equations and second law in an Applied Thermodynamics course. The vehicle used is VisSim simulation software. The method requires the student to perform the thermodynamic analysis and set up the equations, but the computer finds the property values and solves the equations. This concept allows the student to explore various aspects of the topics covered in such a course, including power and refrigeration cycles, mixtures and psychrometrics, and combustion and equilibrium. Substantial design type problems can be solved easily, as can complicated analyses that are too difficult and time consuming for traditional solution methods.

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Muschik, W., e M. Kaufmann. "Quantum - Thermodynamics: Bridging Quantum Mechanics and Thermodynamics". In 101st WE-Heraeus-Seminar. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814503648_0022.

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Blanc, Philippe, Benoit MADE, Philippe Vieillard, Fabrizio Gherardi, Helene Gailhanou, Nicolas Marty, Stephane Gaboreau, Bruno Letat, Claudio Geloni e Eric Gaucher. "Thermodynamics for clay minerals: calculation tools for estimating thermodynamic properties". In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.3542.

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McClain, Stephen T. "Advanced Thermodynamics Applications Using Mathcad". In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11313.

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Mathcad thermodynamic property function sets have been developed for many engineering fluids. In past publications, which introduced the property function sets, examples were provided that demonstrated the usefulness of the functions in solving typical homework problems for either an Introduction to Thermodynamics or an Applied Thermodynamics course. The capabilities of Mathcad allow for much more complicated analyses than are typically discussed in undergraduate engineering thermodynamics courses. Specifically, Mathcad’s abilities 1) to perform calculations on multi-dimensional arrays, 2) to optimize functions using modified Newton-Raphson techniques, 3) to read text-file data sets, and 4) solve systems of non-linear equations, enables the analysis of very complex thermodynamic problems. Examples are provided to demonstrate the very robust capabilities of Mathcad using previously developed thermodynamic property function sets. The examples discussed include the optimization of a steam power cycle using two feedwater heaters, the analysis of gas turbine data acquired from a small turbojet apparatus, and the analysis of evaporator flooding on the performance of an industrial refigeration system. The analyses and figures produced in Mathcad demonstrate its effectiveness for complex thermodynamic calculations and for providing insight into the performance of complex thermodynamic systems.

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Fodor, Zoltan. "QCD Thermodynamics". In The XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.042.0011.

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Shattuck, M. D., R. A. Ingale, P. M. Reis, Masami Nakagawa e Stefan Luding. "Granular Thermodynamics". In POWDERS AND GRAINS 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROMECHANICS OF GRANULAR MEDIA. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3179956.

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WANG, J. T. "NONEQUILIBRIUM NONDISSIPATIVE THERMODYNAMICS — A NEW FIELD OF MODERN THERMODYNAMICS". In In Celebration of the 80th Birthday of C N Yang. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791207_0030.

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Gyftopoulos, Elias P. "Entropy: Part II — Thermodynamics and Perfect Order". In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0831.

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Abstract Part II of this two-part paper refutes the beliefs about the statistical interpretation of thermodynamics, and the association of entropy with disorder that are summarized in Part I. The refutation of the statistical approach is based on either a nonstatistical unified quantum theory of mechanics and thermodynamics, or an almost equivalent, novel, nonquantal exposition of thermodynamics. Entropy is shown to be: (i) valid for any system (both macroscopic and microscopic, including one-particle systems), and any state (both thermodynamic or stable equilibrium, and not stable equilibrium); (ii) a measure of the quantum-theoretic pliable shape of the molecules of a system; and (iii) a monotonic indicator of order. In contrast to statistics which associates a thermodynamic equilibrium macrostate with the largest number of compatible microstates, the second law avers that, for each set of values of energy, volume, and amounts of constituents of either a macroscopic or a microscopic system, there exists one and only one thermodynamic or stable equilibrium state. So, even if Boltzmann’s definition were used, a thermodynamic equilibrium state is one of perfect order.

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Strzelecki, Andrew, Kyle Kreigsman, Clement Bourgeois, Paul Estevenon, Vitaliy Goncharov, Nian Wei, Stephanie Szenknect et al. "Thermodynamics of CeSiO₄". In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2474.

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Cucić, Dragoljub, Angelos Angelopoulos e Takis Fildisis. "Paradoxes of Thermodynamics". In ORGANIZED BY THE HELLENIC PHYSICAL SOCIETY WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE PHYSICS DEPARTMENTS OF GREEK UNIVERSITIES: 7th International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3322352.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Thermodynamics"

Migliori, Albert. Precision Plutonium Thermodynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1245567.

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Allendorf, Mark D., e Ted Besmann. Thermodynamics Resource Data Base. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1139974.

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Propp, W. A. Graphite Oxidation Thermodynamics/Reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769038.

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Zavarin, M., Cindy Atkins-Duffin, W. Bourcier e S. F. Carle. M4SF-19LL010302082-International Thermodynamics Activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1529824.

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Friese, Judah I., Linfeng Rao, Yuanxian Xia, Paula P. Bachelor e Guoxin Tian. Actinide Thermodynamics at Elevated Temperatures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1025102.

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Glass, A. S., J. W. Larsen, D. M. Quay e J. E. Roberts. Thermodynamics and surface structure of coals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7154253.

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Holder, G. D., e Chang-Ha Lee. Thermodynamics of coal liquid/solid systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7161157.

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Glass, A. S., J. W. Larsen, D. M. Quay, J. E. Roberts e P. C. Wernett. Thermodynamics and surface structure of coals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7172182.

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Larsen, J. W., D. M. Quay, J. E. Roberts e P. C. Wernett. Thermodynamics and surface structure of coals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7181414.

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Wernett, P. C., e J. W. Larsen. Surface structure and thermodynamics of coals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7181419.

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