Articoli di riviste: "Therater – history – 20th century"

1

Schulze-Marmeling, Friederike. "»20th century Aisha«?" Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 32, n. 2 (6 dicembre 2019): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/kize.2019.32.2.346.

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Wilson, Robin. "The 20th Century". Mathematical Intelligencer 42, n. 2 (18 dicembre 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09956-x.

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Fogler, Karen, e Mala Hoffman. "Exploring 20th Century History through Photographs". Gifted Child Today 17, n. 3 (maggio 1994): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759401700313.

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4

Westheimer, Gerald. "Gestalt theory in 20th-century history". Journal of Vision 23, n. 8 (24 agosto 2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.8.14.

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5

Atiyah, Michael. "Mathematics in the 20th century". NTM International Journal of History and Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology and Medicine 10, n. 1-3 (settembre 2002): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033096.

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6

Westfall, Catherine. "Reimagining 20th-Century Physics". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 50, n. 1-2 (aprile 2020): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2020.50.1-2.209.

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7

Altschuler, Glenn C. "Urban Religion’s 20th-Century Renaissance". Reviews in American History 49, n. 1 (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2021.0007.

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8

Friedel, Robert. "Engineering in the 20th Century". Technology and Culture 27, n. 4 (ottobre 1986): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105321.

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9

Wilson, Robin. "The Early 20th Century". Mathematical Intelligencer 42, n. 1 (4 novembre 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09942-3.

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10

O'Riordan, Timothy. "Ecology in the 20th century: a history". International Affairs 66, n. 1 (gennaio 1990): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622225.

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Mason, Herbert J., e Anna Bramwell. "Ecology in the 20th Century: A History". Taxon 40, n. 3 (agosto 1991): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223244.

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12

Sheail, J., e A. Bramwell. "Ecology in the 20th Century: A History." Journal of Ecology 77, n. 3 (settembre 1989): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261002.

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13

Probert, R. "The History of 20th-Century Family Law". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 25, n. 1 (1 marzo 2005): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqi009.

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14

Sterling, Christopher. "CBQ review essay:Cryptography in 20th‐century history". Communication Booknotes Quarterly 30, n. 3 (giugno 1999): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10948009909361621.

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15

Ikenberry, G. John, e Richard Bulliet. "The Columbia History of the 20th Century". Foreign Affairs 77, n. 6 (1998): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20049140.

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16

Latvala, Pauliina. "Finnish 20th Century History in Oral Narratives". Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 12 (1999): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf1999.12.oralnarr.

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17

Boddy, Clive R. "Unethical 20th century business leaders". International Journal of Public Leadership 12, n. 2 (9 maggio 2016): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-12-2015-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present evidence to examine the possible psychopathy of Robert Maxwell, a notorious figure in UK business history. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents research which retrospectively applied a tool to measure whether leading figures in twentieth century business history could be classified as being corporate psychopaths. As background to this idea, psychopaths and corporate psychopaths are defined. A measure of corporate psychopathy is explored as an aid to identifying corporate psychopaths in business history. This measure is then used in relation to senior corporate executives who have been nominated as potential corporate psychopaths and to Robert Maxwell in particular. Findings The paper concludes that at least some ethical scandals and failures such as those at The Daily Mirror have been characterized by the presence of CEOs who scored highly on a measure of corporate psychopathy. Maxwell’s fraudulent raiding of corporate pension funds crossed ethical and legal borders. Furthermore, Maxwell’s fraudulent looting of those pension funds crossed generational boundaries; stealing from older people’s pension funds and thereby leaving younger people/investors with less to inherit. Maxwell also had an international business empire and so his fraud had effects which crossed geographic borders. The paper concludes that using an historical approach to the study of potential corporate psychopaths illuminates what types of organizational outcomes corporate psychopaths may eventuate. Originality/value The paper is the first to use an historical approach to the study of potential corporate psychopaths.

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Kudiņš, Jānis. "FRAGMENTARY AND MODERATE MODERNISM IN LATVIAN MUSIC HISTORY ." Culture Crossroads 19 (11 ottobre 2022): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol19.31.

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The question of 20th century modernism in the history of Latvian academic genres music is still topical. The prevailing opinion in musicological research (literature) is that representation of modernism in the history of Latvian music has been fragmentary. In various decades of the 20th century (the first and second half of the century), Latvian composers have rarely turned to the most radical expression of modernism, the avant-garde. Much more often possible identified stylistically moderate manifestations of modernism. However, these issues have still been little researched. This article offers a focused (panoramic) characterisation, looking at local peculiarities of adaptation and representation of modernism in Latvian music history in the 20th century.

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Lian, Yang, e Ben Carrdus. "Leaving the 20th century". Index on Censorship 29, n. 3 (maggio 2000): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220008536744.

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20

Plantinga, Alvin. "Justification in the 20th Century". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50 (1990): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2108032.

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21

Upton, A. F. "Hungary and Finland in the 20th Century". English Historical Review 119, n. 480 (1 febbraio 2004): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.480.267.

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22

Reville, David M. "BRIDGEPORT WORKING: VOICES FROM THE 20th CENTURY". Oral History Review 28, n. 2 (settembre 2001): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ohr.2001.28.2.140.

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23

Lemon, James. "Plans for Early 20th-Century Toronto". Articles 18, n. 1 (7 agosto 2013): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017821ar.

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On several occasions in the early twentieth century, advocates of urban planning proposed significant measures for altering the layout of Toronto streets. Planning historians often have proposed that an interest in beautification was superseded by a focus on efficiency by the 1920s, but Toronto's plans largely were lost amidst private development processes and business cycles. Confusion over planning priorities, the short-term perspectives of politicians, and a lack of urgency also impeded city and regional planning. Toronto experienced less planning initiatives than major United-States cities.

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Conke, Leonardo Silveira. "Strategy in the 20th Century: Explanations from History". Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 12, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2013): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v12i4.1951.

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In this essay, we argue that an historical perspective helps to understand some of the strategic choices made by organizations. More specifically, the purpose here is to describe the great influence of historical events (related to economy, politics, technological advancement etc.) on the creation, acceptance, spreading and / or establishment of the strategic theories and tools developed since the beginning of the 20th century. Texts that usually discuss management and history outline only the Industrial Revolution or the transition from feudalism to capitalism, underestimating other historical forces that offer additional explanations to the evolution of strategic thinking. As a result of an extensive bibliographical research, we were able to identify four periods where the strategic theories developed reveal suitable responses to the challenges created by the environment: in the first one (1900-1938), strategy is concerned with organization and control of business activities, resembling the ideas developed by Scientific Administration; in the second period (1939-1964), strategic planning is formalized and the area is broadly recognized; the next decades (1965-1989) are characterized by competition and uncertainty, making strategy focus on problems emerged from the outside; finally, on the turn of the century (1990-2010), the unlimited information availability enhances the need for strategists’ conceptual and practical knowledge. Also, as a final contribution, we suggest two possible trends to the future of strategy.

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Smith, Earl, James Upton e Manning Marable. "A Social History of 20th Century Urban Riots". Phylon (1960-) 47, n. 1 (1986): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/274699.

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Corwin, Jay. "History, Mythology, and 20th Century Latin American Fiction". Theory in Action 14, n. 4 (31 ottobre 2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2126.

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The history of the Americas from the colonial period is marked by a large influx of persons from Europe and Africa. Fiction in 20th Century Latin America is marked by ties to the Chronicles and the history of human melding in the Americas, with a natural flow of social and religious syncretism that shapes the unique literary aesthetics of its literatures as may be witnessed in representative authors of genuine merit from different regions of Latin America.

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Doležalová, Eva, Marie Šedivá Koldinská, Martin Sekera, Jana Mezerová e Marek Junek. "History". Muzeum: Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 55, n. 3 (1 settembre 2017): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmvp-2017-0033.

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Abstract The exposition named History will present the development of the Czech lands from the 9th century till the present. The exposition will be divided into two separate spaces – the Historical Building of the National Museum will house the history of the 9th–19th centuries and the New Building of the National Museum will house the history from the 20th century. Despite reflecting to a certain extent the traditional division of the Middle Ages, Early Modern Period, the “long” 19th century, and the 20th century, the narrative will be continuous without any artificial historical disruptions. We will debunk some historical myths and stereotypes. Emphasis will be laid on the presentation of items from the collections of the National Museum. A certain update will also be important, i.e. the presentation of ideas and symbols, that we refer to today. Parallel narratives will be nonetheless important, as they will show that history is not unambiguous and that certain events can be viewed from several different perspectives (e.g. the winner and the loser, nobleman and subject). Last but not least, we will address the issues of individual freedom and its limits.

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Žarić, Stefan. "THE PROBLEM OF THE HISTORIZATION OF 20TH CENTURY SERBIAN FASHION 1920-1980". Istorija 20. veka 40, n. 1/2022 (1 febbraio 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362//ist20veka.2022.1.zar.1-16.

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The paper covers the history of 20th century Serbian fashion from the 1920s through the 1980s, focusing on the problem of its historization. Based on established readings submitting 20th century Serbian fashion to politics thus distancing it from global fashion history, I aim to structure a possible historical narrative of fashion by identifying the elements of haute couture in 20th century Serbian fashion industry. Rather than contrasting Serbian fashion figures with their Western counterparts and deepening the West / East Europe fashion divide, the paper traces similarities between them, demonstrating that 20th century Serbian fashion responded to haute couture trends simultaneously with their emergence in the West.

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Žarić, Stefan. "THE PROBLEM OF THE HISTORIZATION OF 20TH CENTURY SERBIAN FASHION 1920-1980". Istorija 20. veka 40, n. 1/2022 (1 febbraio 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2022.1.zar.1-16.

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The paper covers the history of 20th century Serbian fashion from the 1920s through the 1980s, focusing on the problem of its historization. Based on established readings submitting 20th century Serbian fashion to politics thus distancing it from global fashion history, I aim to structure a possible historical narrative of fashion by identifying the elements of haute couture in 20th century Serbian fashion industry. Rather than contrasting Serbian fashion figures with their Western counterparts and deepening the West / East Europe fashion divide, the paper traces similarities between them, demonstrating that 20th century Serbian fashion responded to haute couture trends simultaneously with their emergence in the West.

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Barucci, P. "Italian Economists of the 20th Century". History of Political Economy 32, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2000): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-32-4-1033.

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Helle‐Valle, Jo. "Social change and sexual mores: a comparison between pre‐20th‐century Norway and 20th‐century Botswana". History and Anthropology 14, n. 4 (dicembre 2003): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0275720032000156460.

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Maritz, P. J. "History reconstruction: Third century parallels to 20th century South African Church 'History Origen Adamantinus". Verbum et Ecclesia 18, n. 2 (4 luglio 1997): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v18i2.564.

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History reconstruction: Third century parallels to 20th century South African Church History - Origen Adamantinus. In this paper a possible third century contribution to Church History reconstruction is considered. This is employed as an example for South African church historians who are dedicated to history interpretation, whether it be from the perspective of: acceptance on face value; justification; verification; criticism or renunciation of twentieth century historical events and the WG)'S in which they have influenced the prophetic task of the church in South Africa. To this end, a parallel is drawn between third century Origen and a few South African church figures from the twentieth century, which will highlight the church's continuing prophetic ministry.

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Actis, Giovanni Clemente, Rinaldo Pellicano, Sharmila Fagoonee e Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone. "History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases". Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, n. 11 (14 novembre 2019): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111970.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and unknown etiology. In this review, we identified three main eras in the IBD history. Between the 19th and the 20th century, the primary task had been the definition of the diagnostic criteria in order to differentiate the new entity from intestinal tuberculosis. In the 20th century, an intense and prolific therapeutic research prevailed, culminating in the introduction of biological drugs in the clinical setting. Since the beginning of the 21st century, traditional definition criteria have been challenged by holistic criteria in an effort to seek a still unattained cure. Centuries of worldwide efforts on IBD etiology and therapy search have culminated in this novel strategy.

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Akimkanova, Kunduz. "HISTORY OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETION". Alatoo Academic Studies 23, n. 3 (30 settembre 2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2023.233.02.

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This article provides a brief overview of the history of simultaneous interpretation, a method of instant interpretation of oral speech from one language to another in real- time. Since its inception at the beginning of the 20th century, associated with the need for international communication at events such as conferences and trials, the abstract outlines the evolution of this translation method in the context of technology development and international relations. It is noted that with the development of computer technology at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, simultaneous translation has become more accurate and efficient with the use of specialized programs and equipment. The influence and significance of this method in the modern world are analyzed, emphasizing its key role in ensuring successful intercultural communication.

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KATZ, STEVEN T. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, n. 2 (1989): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.127.

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CHALK, FRANK. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, n. 2 (1989): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.149.

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MELSON, ROBERT. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, n. 2 (1989): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.161.

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REID, JAMES J. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, n. 2 (1989): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.175.

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MARTINS-HEUB, KIRSTEN. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, n. 2 (1989): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.193.

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Ivanov, Vyacheslav V. "Semiotics of the 20th century". Sign Systems Studies 36, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2008): 185–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2008.36.1.10.

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Semiotic and linguistic studies of the 20th century have been important mostly in two senses — (1) they have opened a road for comparative research on the origin and development of language and other systems of signs adding a new dimension to the history of culture; (2) they have shown a possibility of uniting different fields of humanities around semiotics suggesting a way to trespass separation and atomisation of different trends in investigating culture. In the 21st century one may hope for closer integration of semiotics and exact and natural sciences. The points of intersection with the mathematical logic, computer science and information theory that already exist might lead to restructuring theoretical semiotics making it a coherent and methodologically rigid discipline. At the same time, the continuation of neurosemiotic studies promises a breakthrough in understanding those parts of the work of the brain that are most intimately connected to culture. From this point of view semiotics may play an outstanding role in the synthesis of biological science and humanities. In my mind that makes it a particularly important field of future research.

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Haffenden, P. S. "Irresistible Empire: America's Advance through 20th-Century Europe". English Historical Review CXXI, n. 494 (1 dicembre 2006): 1564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cel366.

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Fish, Cheryl J. "Moving Lives: 20th Century Women's Travel Writing (review)". Biography 25, n. 4 (2002): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2003.0006.

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Kyrchanoff, Maksym Waler'evich. "The concept of the “short 20th century” as an interpretative model for studying the socio-political history of Indonesia". Исторический журнал: научные исследования, n. 2 (febbraio 2024): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2024.2.69580.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the “short 20th century” concept as an interpretative model of modern historical science that claims to be universal. The author analyzes the concept of the “short 20th century” proposed by Eric Hobsbawm. The subject of the article is the concept of the “short 20th century”, the object is the possibility of its application and transplantation into Indonesian historical research. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the concept of the “short 20th century” as an interpretative model that allows us to analyze the features of the historical, social and cultural development of Indonesia in the context of those transformation processes that were launched by the development of nationalism, modernization and secularization. It is assumed that the interpretive models proposed by Western historians have a claim to universality, although the effect of its transplantation into non-Western historical contexts may be limited. The article analyzes 1) the features of the social and economic components in the transformation of Indonesia during the “short 20th century”, 2) the role of the factors of nationalism and Islam in political changes within the framework of political competition and the confrontational model of relations between the Ummah and the ruling elites, 3) the consequences of “short 20th century” for the subsequent history of the region. The article shows the potential of the concept of the “short 20th century” for analyzing the history of social and political transformations in Indonesia. The results of the study suggest that the effect of using the concept of the “short 20th century” is limited. The author believes that this interpretative model can be effective relatively and useful for analyzing social and political dynamics through the prism of confrontation between secular and religious institutions as sources and drivers of change.

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Alasania, Giuli. "Tbilisi in the 20th Century". Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences 11, n. 1 (2 novembre 2023): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.62343/cjss.2018.170.

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After the annexation of Georgia by Russia in the early 19th centurythe term “Sakartvelo” (Georgia) disappeared. The country splitinto two parts: Tbilisi government (eastern Georgia) and Kutaisigovernment (western Georgia). Unification of the country was achallenge for the Georgians dwelling inside and outside Georgia.The term “Sakartvelo” emerged once again in times of the independentRepublic of Georgia (1918-1921).The present paper considers the history of Tbilisi which was traditionallya political, administrative and cultural center of unitedGeorgia, of eastern Georgia, of Caucasus, of the Trans-CaucasianSoviet Federal Socialist Republic (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armeniauntil 1936), of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia (1936-1991) and Georgia (after proclaiming independence) and reflectedall changing political contexts.The following issues are introduced: the process of urbanization,the demographic situation and the migration processes, as well ascoexistence in the multicultural and multi-religious milieu. Alongwith the constructing activities, industrial, cultural and educationalachievements within the frames of the USSR, the violation ofhuman rights, restriction of the Georgian language, the Georgianchurch, purges, reprisals, civil unrest, nepotism, corruption, theprotests of opposition and the suppression of these protests, andconsequently the bleeding of the nation throughout the 20th centurywhich is still in place, are studied.

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Goldbloom, David S. "The Early Canadian History of Anorexia Nervosa". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 42, n. 2 (marzo 1997): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379704200206.

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Objective: To examine several early Canadian descriptions of anorexia nervosa (AN) in light of modern understanding of the disorder. Method: Two clinical reports of AN from the late 19th century and early 20th century in Canada are cited and summarized. These original case descriptions are then compared with late 20th century knowledge of the disorder. Results: Both of these early descriptions contain many astute and prescient observations on the etiology and sequelae of AN and reveal a compassionate approach to patient care. Conclusions: Canadian contributions to the medical literature on AN prior to 1970 merit both careful scrutiny and appreciation in the world literature on this disorder.

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Dollinger, Marc. "Jewish identities in 20th-century America". Contemporary Jewry 24, n. 1 (ottobre 2003): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02961568.

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N.N., Elkey, e Sadykov T.S. "Movement figure Alash Khairetdin Bolganbaev: the role of personality in history". Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 110, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph2/111-118.

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The study of the problems of the history of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the 20th century is one of the most urgent, most complex issues of modern domestic historiography. The beginning of the 20th century occupies a special place in the history of our country. A broad consideration of the issues of the socio-political history of the Kazakh people is closely connected with the intelligentsia, which was formed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and represents the interests of the Kazakh people. In this regard, the relevance of the article is due to the fact that at the present stage, the Republic of Kazakhstan often refers to the beginning of the 20th century, when the intelligentsia fought for independence, for the modernization of the consciousness of the traditional society, so the study of this experience will allow us to respond to many challenges of our time. If you look closely at the history of the twentieth century, then the Kazakh intelligentsia gave rise to many outstanding bright personalities, and one of them is Khairetdin Bolganbaev. The purpose of the article is to identify the participation and contribution of Kh. Bolganbaev in the reorganization and development of the Kazakh society at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Johnston, Denis. "CyberShaw: A 19th-Century Mandate Meets 20th-century Technology". Canadian Theatre Review 81 (dicembre 1994): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.81.007.

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The Shaw Festival is unique among Canadian theatres, and virtually unique among world theatres as well. It is one of only five major repertory theatres in the English-speaking world: the others are the Stratford Festival, the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, and the twin flagships of British classical theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National. In addition, the Shaw Festival is the only one of these companies to have chosen a specific period of history as its mandate: it produces only plays written during the lifetime of Bernard Shaw. The company describes this mandate as “plays by Bernard Shaw and his contemporaries (1856-1950) – plays about the beginning of the modern world”.

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Belogurova, Raisa. "To history of ichthiofaunistic research of Karkinitsky Gulf of the Black sea". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2020, n. 2 (30 giugno 2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2020-2-26-35.

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The article is focused on the history of studing the fishfauna of Karkinitsky Gulf of the Black Sea in the XX–XXI centuries. There have been singled out three stages in studying fishfauna of the region: since the late 50’s of the XIX century up to the early 20th century. (K. F. Kessler); at the turn of the 20th century (expeditions of S. A. Zernov, later – researches of L. V. Arnoldi, V. A. Vodyanitsky, K. A. Vinogradov, etc.) up to the 60s of the 20th century; since 2008 to the present day (A. R. Boltachev, E. P. Karpova). Data on the fishfauna of Karkinitsky Gulf during a half-century period has been found insufficient: since late 50s of the 20th century up to the beginning of the 21st century. There has been shown the importance of Karkinitsky Gulf as a habitat for the rare protected fish species and the feeding area of valuable fish juveniles. The influence of anthropogenic factors over the past 50 years has been proved to cause qualitative changes in the composition of the fishfauna of Karkinitsky Gulf: degradation of the seagrass biocenosis in shallow bays caused by siltation due to the discharge of fresh water from the fields and rice paddies, and the replacement of native ichthyofauna by freshwater species. The importance of systematic studies in this area is emphasized to assess the status of the fishfauna of Karkinitsky Gulf

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Berezin, Fedor Mixajlovič. "Mikołaj Kruszewski and 20th-century linguistics". History of Linguistics in Poland 25, n. 1-2 (1 gennaio 1998): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.25.1-2.06ber.

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Summary The article deals with important issues in general linguistic theory discussed by Mikołaj Habdank Kruszewski alias Nikolaj Vjačeslavovič Kruševskij (1851–1887), in the author’s view an unjustly forgotten linguist of genius of the late 19th century, who could be seen as standing at the roots of the 20th-century structuralism, long before the appearance of F. de Saussure’s lectures on general linguistics. In his major book O čerk nauki o jazyke (An outline of the science of language) of 1883, Kruszewski conceived of language as a system of signs, laying stress on the semiotic function of language. His understanding of sound alternation is in many ways close to modern principles of phonology and morphonology. His hypothesis of the universal character of the sound laws too anticipated the discovery of language universals. As a result, the author agrees with Radwańska-Williams’ (1993) characterization of Kruszewski’s theory as ‘a lost paradigm’ in the history of linguistics. Well-known linguists of the 20th century such as Roman Jakobson (1896–1982), Jerzy Kuryłowicz (1895–1978) , and others rightly argued that Kruszewski was one of the founders of modern linguistic theory.

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