Tesi sul tema "Théories de l'innovation"
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Durieux, Florence. "Management de l'innovation : une approche évolutionniste". Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090049.
Testo completoResearch on innovation management deals mainly with individual projects. The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the evolution dynamics of a series of innovation projects. The aim is to answer the following question : how does a population of innovation projects live and die ? This study is based on three independant theoretical currents : innovation management, nonlinear dynamic system theory and population ecology. Six types of interactions between innovation projects have emerged from me search for determining me evolution underlying laws. Competition is the main form of interaction : projects are competing for limited resources available within organizations. Hence, the law governing the observed evolution is a function of population density, illustrated by a kind of natural selection of projects : projects corresponding to their environment are the only ones likely to survive
Wallut, Laure. "Intervention publique et déploiement la télémédecine : une analyse par les théories de l'innovation". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/086ea591-70f2-45f6-81da-5e3507f78bcc.
Testo completoTelemedicine is a health sector innovation which implies remote management of patient, future will tell if this innovation is a revolution for geographical healthcare access. In this perspective but despite or because of spontaneous telemedicine uses which have not spread, public authorities launched in France, in 2011, a national strategy to support the spread of telemedicine. In this context, this thesis analyzes complex interactions between public intervention and the diffusion process of telemedicine by using the theories of innovation diffusion. We built a framework for innovation diffusion of complex innovations such as telemedicine and identify three levers for diffusion that public authorities can implement. We illustrate our point of view with three studies that we conducted on two telemedicine pilots in Burgundy. First, economic evaluation is a lever to convince health professionnals to adopt telemedicine and to assimilate telemedicine in the health system. Financing telemedicine is a second lever with respect of one prerequisite: being able to measure the financial impact of telemedicine in order to plan appropriate funding modalities for telemedicine activity and material resources. Management of organisational change is a third lever. In Burgundy, management of organisational change takes the form of a dual policy, mixing flexibility and constraints. This thesis sheds a new light on the room for manoeuvre of public authorities regarding the support of telemedicine diffusion
Besançon, Emmanuelle. "Théories et pratiques du changement institutionnel en économie solidaire : une approche institutionnaliste par l'innovation sociale". Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0055.
Testo completoInstitutional change appears as an essential element in the theory of solidarity economy. If it does put forward a conception of institutional change as democratie change (democratization of the political and economie life), we argue that this one, considering its complexity, cannot be approached at a global level. Starting from how it is viewed by theorists of the solidarity economy, we have sought to identify concrete forms and practices taking an active part in institutional change, as well as to highlight the processes by which they diffuse into the economy. Also, we advocate in this thesis the fact that an approach based on social innovation is more than relevant. Besides the growing interest it is currently attracting, we insist on the double process of creation and diffusion of innovations, but also on the transformation of the institutions that appear as the players aim. Thus, the understanding of institutional change underlying solidarity economy can be improved by an institutionalist analysis of its economie implications. This proposal seems all the more well-founded that solidarity economy, as being a recent theoretical field, is still widely perceived as a non-economic issue. Therefore, this contribution hopes to improve the analysis of institutional change in solidarity economy
Nziali, Teukam Emeran. "Les théories contemporaines de l'entrepreneuriat et la performance macroéconomique : une perspective sur l'innovation et la distribution de la taille des firmes". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010025.
Testo completoIssoulié, Jacques. "L'Innovation technologique en matière financière : éléments d'analyse économique des systèmes de transferts électroniques de fonds". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010002.
Testo completoThis dissertation aims at elaborating elements for a theoretical analysis of an important new phenomenon : technological innovation as applied to money. Credit and finance (TIF). The analysis develops within the theoretical frameworks provided by the theories of innovation, money and credit, and industrial organization (as applied to banking structures and competition). Neither the theory of industrial innovation, nor the newer theories of financial innovation, enable us to understand the specificity of tif. Industrial organization theory, on the contrary, has produced analytical tools in accordance with which we define tif as an "innovation of orgazation" exhibiting important properties. TIF reduces money demand, and increases (potentially) money supply and money velocity. It changes the arguments of credit demand and supply functions, as well as the conditions of their equilibrium on the credit market. Using the concepts of the theory of contestable markets, we study the impact of tif on the efficiency of the monoproduct and multiproduct banking firm, as well as on banking competition
Laousse, Dominique. "L'institutionnalisation de l'innovation intensive dans les transports publics. Industrialiser, métaboliser et gouverner l'innovation". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM084/document.
Testo completoWhile affirming the vital need for technical, economic and social breaks, their conditions of emergence and institutionalization in large companies still remained an object of fundamental research and many questions were still open : what design engineering to face intensive innovation ? What organization should be put in place to professionalize the disruptive processes and integrate them into the strategic agenda ? What model of institutionalization is compatible with this new regime of the firm ? Based on many works spread over more than a decade, in large public transport companies, this thesis shows that the institutionalization of breakthrough innovation is built and analyzed according to a model with three complementary dimensions : the industrialization of innovative design methods, the metabolization of professionalized actors and the governance of intensive innovation. In addition, this model highlights the endogenous process of piloting intensive innovation that is at the heart of this institutionalization. It begins with the routinisation of collaborative innovation devices (KCP) in the form of "laboratories / networks". Demonstrated in a repetitive way, the generative power of these devices gives credibility to new innovative domains, as well as the multiple actors involved. Then emerges a transversal organization (Innovation Intensive function) that capitalizes on new collective metabolism: breakthrough innovation then integrates, with its benchmarks and resources, into the daily activity of the company. On these bases, a real "design" governance, adapted to breakthrough innovation, is then made possible. Thus, the institutionalization of disruptive innovation mobilizes classic forms of institutionalization, but it also distances itself from it by its necessary coupling to the strong cognitive generativity that the rupture requires. Ultimately, this model refers in a certain way to the emergence of the modern enterprise itself, when it has institutionalized scientific research
Pajak, Serge. "La protection de la propriété intellectuelle et l'innovation : contributions empiriques et théoriques". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00622839.
Testo completoValentin, Dijksman Laurence. "Matériaux nouveaux et théorie de l'innovation : une approche en termes de réseaux de projet". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010069.
Testo completoPresently, the theory of innovation does not include the new technologies, in particular the new materials. However, they are very important. Owing to the innovation, they are potentially present in all fields of economy. They encourage links between participants of those various fields within networks. New materials have got coracteristics that differ from those of the traditionnal materials already present in the economy. Those caracteristics are either technical or industrial or economic. Innovation in new materials can be separated into two categories. On the one hand, the innovation of structural materials, not really strategic, is based on a "let it do" logic. It is a vertical and contractual network which results in a partition of the competences. The common culture is weak. The members of the network are consequently constrained to submit their participation to a coordinator. On the other hand, the functionnal materials are highly strategic and organise their innovation according to a "do it in common" logic. The members take part in a common project, in the limits of horizontal and informal networks with averlap of competences. Reality intermingles the respective caracteristics of the materials. The network is based on a project of innovation common to all the members. In integrates the secificities of the two logics. Rather contractual, it mixes heterogeneous competences owing to a deep knowledge circulation. That is the reason why i call it "project network". It gives importance to technology, information and knowledge
Bonnet, Clément. "L'innovation dans les technologies de l'énergie bas-carbone : analyses théoriques et évaluations empiriques". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100177/document.
Testo completoInnovation in low-carbon energy technologies (LCETs) is impeded by externalities on the environment on the one hand, and on knowledge on the other hand. These market failures need to be addressed through public policies. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the conditions for effectiveness of policies aiming at supporting innovation in LCETs. It does so by having recourse to theoretical analyses in conjunction with empirical assessments. The thesis is structured into five chapters. Chapter 1 questions the need to implement innovation policies specifically dedicated to LCETs — as opposed to neutral innovation policies that do not discriminate between these technologies and other technologies. A review of the economic instruments that have been implemented is proposed and indicates the predominance of a demand-pull approach — over a supply-push approach — to support innovation in LCETs. Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of demand-pull support instruments by conducting a counterfactual analysis to determine the extent to which the diffusion of wind power in six European countries is imputable to these instruments. Chapter 3 develops an econometrical method aiming at providing a robust measure of the produced knowledge that pertains to LCETs. A common latent factor model is used to estimate the quality of inventions that have been patented by six countries between 1980 and 2010 in fifteen low-carbon energy technologies. Chapter 4 revisits the question of the optimal design of a patent system when specifically dedicated to a process invention, whose reward depends on the pricing of environmental externalities. Chapter 5 summarizes our results and articulates key issues and messages
Zannettacci, Jean-Michel. "De l'innovation pédagogique au changement social, l'exemple d'une zone d'éducation prioritaire : pour une théorie et pratique de l'interculturalisme". Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE29057.
Testo completoThe thesis concerns a priority education area in the agglomeration of grenoble between 1987 and 1990. The assumption of this research is the following : the pedagogical innovations don't only correspond to the failure of a simple response institutional. They are also an answer to a wider social polemic, generated by the reception of foreign families. In other words, the assumption consists to say that the new pedagogic practices are found in connection with new forms of socialities. The thesis shows up then that pedagogical innovation in much more than a school stake, in analysing the applications as a way and a mark of social change. After the first part defining the field of application and the methodology of the research, the projects are first analysted in connection with the concept of innovation : that is how to define what is pertinent in so far as a spacific answer to the educational failure of these children of arab extraction. There follows then a critical examination of sociological, cultural and psychological reasons resulting in their falure. The last part is dedicated to the study of innovations as an investigation tool of social life, with the intercultural perspective in the back ground
Tenailleau, Nadège. "L' école ouverte de Bégon (1971-2016) : l'innovation aux prises avec le temps". Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3017.
Testo completoInspired from Anglo-Saxon models open schools tentatively came into existence in the late sixties. The aim was to combine innovatory architecture allowing easier exchanges with the community and innovative child-centered teaching. About forty years on these schools have virtually disappeared. Yet one of them has managed to survive so far without any official status from the Education Ministry. Although the political context has long been favourable to the development of such an experiment, this school is now being challenged regarding its innovative approach. In this respect it provides a rich field of research for the researcher investigating an experiment in innovative teaching over a long period from its inception to its decline. Through an ethnographic study over a period of four years we have tried to assess the evolution in the responses to the school and the innovative process it carried out on the one hand and on the other hand the effects of such a project beyond the usual markers. We will thus examine the education policies regarding innovation and teaching practices from a socio-historical viewpoint as well as the students' current school experience up to their leaving to attend secondary schools
Deroy, Xavier. "A priori des modèles d'innovation et contingence massive de l'innovation en sciences de gestion". Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0434.
Testo completoThis research first aims to clarify literature about innovation by combining sociological and economic approaches. One of the main questions which is disclosed is the potential conflict between innovation and organization. It is often thought that it is possible to organize innovation. Management models of innovations rely on this assumption. Three types of models can be distinguished: integrative, statistical and monographic model. But the core argument of this thesis is to show that models of innovation are rooted in three implicit questionable a priori: mimetism, modelization of innovating action and scientific neutrality of these models. Hence, we argue that innovation is the place of massive contingency, despite some common but unsufficient organizing principles of explanation. Innovation implies specific knowledge and ability to create new relationships. To better understand it, we recommend that researches about innovation aim to elaborate local theories adapted to specific contexts described by monographies
Ndiaye, Babacar. "Innovation et concurrence : la chronologie de l'innovation dans une industrie en duopole". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0024.
Testo completoThe main purpose of the thesis lies in the analysis of the timing of innovation in a duopoly industry. We consider as a first step the temporal dimension of the process of innovation, together with competitive challenges emerging and possibilities of strategic interactions. The analysis of the issue involves an investigation of the motivations of a firm to adopt the position of an innovator (first mover) or an imitator (follower). We elaborate on existing modelisations to determine the strategy (innovation or imitation) offering the best competitive advantage in terms of the timing of innovation. As a second step, we provide a deeper analysis of the effects of uncertainty on R&D investment, as well as the role of competition on firms’ strategies. We characterize the rationality of firms, and the consequences on the process of cross-expectations that may occur. This involves a better understanding of the motivations of firms in developing an innovation that can be replicated by a follower firm without cost. To achieve the objective, we elaborate on models where Nash equilibrium and evolutionary stable equilibrium can be determined. We further analyze the relation between the two types of equilibria. The outcome of our work lies in the determination of the optimum position of the firm in the timing of innovation, i. E. Being innovator or imitator, within different, yet omplementary, frameworks: decision theory, real option theory, traditional game theory and evolutionary game theory. Since, depending on the framework of analysis, the optimum position of the firm (innovation versus imitation) will not be the same, our task will also be to interpret these divergences
Ahmed, Saïd Ali. "Ethnométhodologie de l'innovation et des transferts de technologie : de la théorie à l'intervention chez les artisans français et aux Comores". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070087.
Testo completoBy replacing innovation actions and technology transfers in contexts (with craftsmen in France and at Comoros), this thesis shows the complexity of the reality from which are elaborated and realized innovation projects. Studying such actions implies to take into account the complexity of reality, that is to say the multiple dimensions of life (cultural, technical, economical and political facts), the particular aspects of each observed case in their spatio-temporal occurrence, the habits of the actors on innovation problem solving or on technology transfer practices, etc. One of interrogation that this thesis tries to get an answer is how to build a methodology tools able to take account of the complexity of the reality life both for the observation and acting. This thesis tries to seek answers to this question in a double dialogue : in the collaboration of various disciplines and in the interaction between researchers and those who are confronted on the problem in their daily life. Then, the work begins with a review of some sociological points of view (functionalism, structuralism and the systemic one) and turns then to ethnomethodology, a sociological current which studies the everyday life. Some arguments of this discipline seems to be well-sited to study these phenomena in dialogue with some other frameworks (anthropology, ethnology, linguistic, computer prospective, computer and engineering sciences). The task is carried out by focusing on the integration of Internet technologies by craftsmen in France and in Comoro, by pointing on the particular and specific conditions of the various cases as well on the different points of view of concerned peoples. Some epistemological questions are related : they concern re the transposition of the models, the use of formalized procedures, the articulation of theoretical point of view and applied research, the passage from a context of knowledge production to action
ROMON, François. "Le management de l'innovation. Essai de modélisation dans une perspective systémique". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009312.
Testo completoAdoptant une méthode de « recherche intéressée » nous avons pu identifier les questions actuelles de management de l'innovation avec les responsables de grandes entreprises françaises appartenant à des secteurs d'activité variés. Parallèlement, nous avons réalisé des études de cas approfondies dans une douzaine d'entreprises sur trois problématiques essentielles : la représentation des projets d'innovation chez les différents acteurs, le management des portefeuilles de projets d'innovation, et la représentation des besoins du client futur au long du processus d'innovation, mettant au jour plusieurs concepts tels le mandat d'innovation ou l'intensité stratégique de l'innovation.
Nous avons ainsi construit une typologie dynamique des projets d'innovation de l'entreprise, et un Modèle Systémique de Management de l'innovation, considéré comme étant le module de décision du système d'innovation de l'entreprise, agissant sur le module opérant (les projets d'innovation eux-mêmes) et utilisant pour se faire les informations fournies par le module d'information du système innovation. Nous montrons alors que c'est par des structures organisationnelles, avec des modes de décisions et avec des outils de gestion spécifiques de management de projets et de management de portefeuilles de projets, que l'entreprise peut espérer se mouvoir sur une deuxième boucle d'apprentissage lui permettant d'innover de façon pertinente et efficiente.
La modélisation que nous proposons se situe dans un contexte marqué par l'arrivée massive des technologies numériques dans l'entreprise, nous conduisant au concept de technologies managériales.
Adla, Ludivine. "Pour une relecture du processus d'articulation entre la GRH et l'innovation en PME : une approche par la théorie du don/contre-don". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2061.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to understand the process of articulation between HRM and innovation in SMEs. We choose to break with the traditional approach of highlighting the issues of strategic alignment between these two elements. Based on the lessons learned from the exploratory prestudy carried out in four innovative SMEs, we opt for a relational perspective through gift. The analysis is therefore based on the theory of gift exchange, combined with an interpretative framework on HRM in SMEs.A multi-case study, based on 52 semi-structured interviews, observations and documentary analysis, was conducted on three innovative SMEs. We lead to a data structuring and a processual modeling according to the ‘Gioia’ method. The results show that the articulation between HRM and innovation in SMEs, through gift exchange relationships between actors, is based on a process consisting of three stages: unleashing gifts, mobilizing gifts and rethinking gifts. Finally, we raise the awareness of owner-managers and HR relays to the following three elements: the evolution of the organizational context, the role of the intense social ties and the mobilized HRM practices
Ben, Letaifa Soumaya. "La théorie de l'écosystème : trois essais sur le relationnel et l'innovation dans les secteurs bancaires et des TIC (technologies de l'information et des communications)". Thèse, Paris 9, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2197/1/D1806.pdf.
Testo completoTakatsu, Ryunosuke. "Innovation sociale et développement local : le cas des « Plus Beaux Villages » (au Japon, en France et dans le monde)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REN20018.
Testo completoThe decline of rural communities threatened by desertification is one of the main social problems of industrialized countries. Waves of modernization have disrupted the traditional way of life in many villages. Faced with this, citizens have launched initiatives that we have made the experimental field of our thesis. To this end, we have mobilized a number of theories to analyze one of these initiatives, known as the "Most Beautiful Villages". The "Plus Beaux Villages" concept was developed for a revitalization project based on a different model from those based on economic growth. We show what drives its implementation, drawing on theories of innovation. These theories, first introduced in the field of technological change and economic growth, have been extended to other fields, and more recently to the analysis of dynamics that transform society. This extension has drawn on several disciplines, giving rise to the concept of social innovation, which we use to analyze the complex dynamics of local development. The aim of this thesis is to "propose and support, through cases of successful experimentation, an argument drawn from the whole range of innovation theories and adapted to the implementation and deciphering of changes designed to revitalize small rural communities". By comparing theoretical and practical arguments, our research shows that economic and political democratization on the one hand, and cooperation involving a large number of internal and external actors on the other hand, are essential factors in the local development of the villages
Le, Du Laura. "Modéliser l'expansion des imaginaires en conception : dynamique des imaginaires, ingénierie de stimulation et nouvelles organisations de l'innovation". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM017/document.
Testo completoIt is widely established that industrial innovation has to take into account imaginaries which could cause enthusiasme or rejection effects. That is why, nowadays designers consider them in their design processes. The traditionnal approach considers as stable as exogenous imaginaries, which could be shaped ex-ante and conformed new products and services to be designed. Could it be possible to plan a new approach, that would overpass the stability hypothesis, avoiding a kind of fixation and narrow-mindedness for designers or users ?The thesis focuses on this second approach, which endogenizes imaginaries by considering their renewal properties. It tackles three matters: how the transformation of imaginaries could account for the innovative technical object ? What an engineering system to stimulate imaginaries and feed innovation processes ? Lastly, what managerial actions to collectively support a stimulation of imaginaries, in an industrial context ?Thanks to the recent progress in design theory and empirical experiences led in the automotive industry, we could expand a modelisation effort. This work finds out three main results. Firstly, the thesis characterises the imaginaries dynamic transformation from a concrete and original technical object, by new criterias: heterogeneousness, number, tensions and non-polarity of imaginaries. Secondly, the thesis suggests a theoretical modelisation of the imaginaries expansion throughout a design process made of a knowledge structure with three logics hanging on together, based on the Lacanian approach and redefined by the design way: “real”, “symbolic” and “imaginary”. The thesis shows how to analyse empirical dynamics and set out managerial hypothesis in order to expand imaginaries. Thirdly, the experimentations led on four collective organisations of imaginaries, chosen for their complementarity, confirm, enrich and precise the hypothesis suggested by the theoretical model. It shows that the generativity of imaginaries is directly connected with their diversity and dynamism. Their transformation comes less from the injection of exogenous imaginaries than from a design effort combining with real, symbolic, and available substrates. Thanks to that, it is possible now to create an evolution on imaginaries through a stimulation organisation and a specific management to obtain strong generativity innovation processes
Degrassat-Théas, Albane. "Prix, concurrence et régulation : soutien à l'innovation et prix des médicaments à l'hôpital". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944739.
Testo completoCortes, Robles Guillermo. "Management de l'innovation technologique et des connaissances : synergie entre la théorie TRIZ et le Raisonnement à Partir de Cas. Application en génie des procédés et systèmes industriels". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7523/1/cortesrobles.pdf.
Testo completoCortes, Robles Guillermo. "Management de l'innovation technologique et des connaissances : synergie entre la théorie TRIZ et le raisonnement à partir de cas : application en génie des procédés et systèmes industriels". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04576548.
Testo completoTraditional problems solving methodologies like brainstorming, synectics, trial and error, etc. Find their limits when they are facing inventive problems or problems that could be described like contradictions. A contradiction exists when two different and mutually exclusive requirements, states or conditions in a system, have to be present and act together, with the aim to accomplish same objectives. Trade off is usually the most used way to solve this kind of problem, also characterized by a random search of solutions. These situations have a negative impact over performance, which could be improved by applying other methodologies and tools. The theory of inventive problem solving or TRIZ theory has the capacity to eliminate these negative aspects described above and to produce innovative solutions to contradictions. This approach, which is different from the traditional psychology based approaches, is knowledge based. The particular vision of TRIZ is based on the history of technological evolution. TRIZ considers innovation like a process which can be controlled and deployed systematically. Paradoxically, this knowledge based approach with transversal domain application, does not have the capacity to memorise, which is fundamental for learning. Consequently, knowledge that has been employed and created while solving inventive problems can not be reused. This drawback has a negative effect on problem solving performance while deploying TRIZ. Knowledge management has developed the capacity to identify, store and reuse knowledge. This is the core capacity of several knowledge management methodologies, among them is, the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). The performance of this problem solving tool, lies essentially in its capacity to offer a pragmatic answer for specific domain problems. CBR systems solve a new problem by identifying its similarity to one or several previously solved problems stored in a memory and by adapting their known solutions. Since CBR application is domain specific, CBR cannot consider the solutions that have already been identified in others domains while solving new problems. This characteristic limits the CBR's capacity to propose innovative solutions to a problem. Besides, a shortcoming is revealed when a CBR system faces a problem that had not been solved in the past. If this situation occurs, the memory cannot find a similar problem and consequently, no solution is proposed. The limits and the complementarity observed between TRIZ and CBR are employed to propose a new model. This model presents an approach that combines the technological vision of TRIZ and the ability developed by CBR to memorize and to reuse knowledge. This synergy allows in the fist place, to steer the creative effort when facing inventive problems and in the second, to reuse knowledge that had been acquired in past problems. The capability of this new approach is illustrated by its application in process engineering and industrial engineering
Ezzat, Hicham. "Leader pour la Créativité : Modéliser et Expérimenter un Leadership orienté Défixation". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM056/document.
Testo completoSeveral studies have helped to characterize the role of cognitive biases, which appear in situations of creativity. Among these cognitive biases, we can particularly distinguish the fixation effects, that is to say, the obvious knowledge and solutions that comes spontaneously in individuals’ mind during a situation of creativity (creativity task, idea generation, or creative problem-solving), and which consequently constrain the generation of novel and creative ideas and solutions. These different studies open new sights to enrich the management of these cognitive biases in innovation processes.Leadership is recognized as having a fundamental role to play in helping a team overcome these fixation effects in an ecosystem in situation of creativity. Leadership is commonly defined as a process of social influence, in which one or more actors (acting as leaders), lead other actors (their teams) to achieve a common goal. Leadership and creativity are often seen as antagonistic – whether leaders are « creative » in the place of their teams, or that the authority and control must disappear in order for creativity of their teams to flourish.In a multidisciplinary research framework combining management science (innovation management), cognitive science (cognitive biases to creativity) and innovative design science (C-K theory), creative leaders can play very important roles to help their teams overcome fixation effects, and this according to very precise and controlled experimental rules, consisting on the one hand to detect the cognitive biases against creativity (the fixation), and on the other hand to undertake the appropriate modes of actions to overcome them.In addition, these experimental rules can be contextualized in more general conditions, such as organizational contexts, using traditional leadership organizational tools (recruitment, resources and time allocations, motivation, decision-making, evaluation, climate creation, goal-settings, etc..). Indeed, the research methods used for this organizational contextualization of the defixation rules consist of i) building experimental protocols in order to isolate the cognitive effects related to the fixation effects in situations of creativity; ii) generating experimental rules of cognitive defixation in highly and well-controlled contexts (laboratory settings); and iii) contextualizing these experimental rules for cognitive defixation using biographical studies of great creative and innovative leaders in the history, such as for example: Steve Jobs, Thomas Edison or Mark Zuckerberg
Ben, Arfi Wissal. "Partage des connaissances : articulation entre management de l'innovation et management des connaissances : cas des plateformes d'innovation d'un groupe leader du secteur agroalimentaire en Tunisie". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG016/document.
Testo completoThe globalization, the adaptation to the consumer needs, the creation of new products represent permanent challenges to promote the market demand and make the innovation a strategic axis to approach. These requirements have enhanced an increasing necessity to rethink about the process of innovation and more particularly the management of the innovative projects through the implementation of innovation platforms. Team work is dedicated to the innovation where the involved members have transverse knowledge and are capable of sharing them to innovate.This doctoral approach tries to examine and to identify the role of the sharing knowledge between the members of innovation platforms in the elaboration of aninnovation process. It deals withthe following problematic: howthe sharing knowledgewithin the innovation platforms favour the emergence of innovations ? By examining the phenomenon of the knowledge sharing taking into consideration an articulation between innovation management and knowledge management,this research digs deep into the Knowledge-based View of the firm, where the cognitive and social practices play an important role for the innovation. Through a qualitative research, three case studies were led within three innovation platforms of a leader group for food industry sector in Tunisia. We were able to identify the organizational devices which influence the interactions between the members involved within the innovation platforms. The deep examination of the practices of each innovation platform allowed us to observe the following phenomena: although the implementation of the innovation platformsis linked to the managerial strategy based on innovation and makes a reference toa basic model, the practices of every platform of innovation is specific. Beyond the transverse quality of their structure, the innovation platforms appear as a relatively flexible formula that every enterprise of the groupcan appropriate and adapt it to its context and its constraints. In the three case studies, the knowledge sharing appears as an organizational and technological approach aiming at sharing and integrating the knowledge between the members of an innovation platform to innovate. The interest of this approach is not based on the knowledge in itself but on "Who" detains it and "How" it is shared within the innovation platform. Finally, two elements allowed to a better understandingof the knowledge sharing: the strategic management and the corporate culture. Our study on the innovation platforms shows that when there is a deliberate action to establish an initiativeof innovation based on the knowledge sharing, this action becomes crucialto the life of the organization as far as it can question its balance of power, arouses the enthusiasm of certain actors and the distrust of others. This thesis, with its three case studiesof innovation platforms, does not only ponder on the cultural level concerning the practices of knowledge sharing but also tacklesthe identity level. The praxis is the following one: the knowledge sharing between the members of the innovation platforms enhances the emergence of the innovations within the companies under study. In terms of the managerial contribution, we consider that the knowledge sharing within the innovation platforms represents anevolving strategic action for the innovation initiatives
Sylvie, Laviolette. "Le processus de croissance spirituelle de leaders de développement de la conscience et de l'innovation sociale : une théorisation émergeant des propositions de Thérèse d'Avila, de Dürckheim et de Scharmer". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10120.
Testo completoMetailler, Thibaut. "Une approche critique, en gestion des connaissances, du soutien à l'innovation par les compétences dans les pôles de compétitivité : le cas des PME en optique photonique du pôle Optitec". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2003.
Testo completoThe purpose of this doctoral research is to analyse the notion of innovation support through skills from clusters in regard to high-technology SMEs. More specifically, it intends to undertake a critical review of Competency Management implementation - as recommended by public institutions, in favour of Knowledge Management implementation. Therefore, we exploit the conceptual field of KM in SMEs and demonstrate the embedding of KM processes within SMEs’ business activity and organisation. Although the conceptual link between business activity and organisation has been already covered in the literature, we are here focusing on its operationalisation in high-tech SMEs to support innovation. Within the context of our CIFRE grant, we have applied a PAR Methodology (Participatory Action Research) allowing to study the OPTITEC cluster. The interest of this methodology lies in the ability to integrate key actors and implementing partners into the research activity. Thus, we frame the theoretical concept of KM in high-tech SMEs and imply a repositioning of the competitiveness cluster on the basis of this knowledge creation. Two levels of results are provided. The first consists of identifying the operationalization of KM supporting innovation within high-technology SMEs. The second one challenges the cluster’s role as a ‘third party’ in supporting innovation within high-tech SMEs
Tremblay, Nathalie. "Living labs as innovation intermediaries : symphonic orchestration of innovation dynamics in open innovation ecosystems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAB012.
Testo completoThe dissertation defines the dynamics of innovation through the lens of living labs, theorising on how these intermediaries, can effectively orchestrate innovation ecosystems through open innovation initiatives. The study offers numerous theoretical contributions on innovation for managerial practice and public policies, identifying key mechanisms and best governance practices, ensuring that sociotechnological and ecosystem perspectives are included in innovation strategies that create shared value outcomes. The thesis provides an opportunity to consider the role played by communities within the innovation ecosystem through the theory of the Commons (Ostrom, 1990), in an evolutionary perspective
Bonnard, Claire. "Le marché du travail des scientifiques : capital humain, incitations, proximité". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655967.
Testo completoCorneau, Patrick. "Emergence et évolution des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC) à partir d'une analyse du cycle de l'information scientifique et technique". Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT3016.
Testo completoThe development of new information and communication technologies (nict) resulting from the digital processing of signs represents major upheavals for the production, the circulation and the use of knowledge and data. Starting with the analysis of the information cycle construction and a socio-logical model of innovation (theory of "translation" and "actor-network" by b. Latour and m. Callon), we will study the genesis of the socio-technical frameworks of new media (regrouped around multimedia and computer networks) in the context of economic strategy and industrial competitiveness. The emergence of this new technical apparatus will be described by a quantitative-qualitative analysis of the business and technological intelligence information diffused by adit (bulletin vigie nti) using an infometric tool (sampler) based on the co-word analysis method. An approach via the analysis of the socio-technical networks enables an emphasis of topics and orientations which do not appear when reading only the technological and business intelligence press
Vernhes, Gabriel. "Les relations entre sciences, technologies et territoires au cœur de la souveraineté nationale : une approche structurale sur longue période". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAE002.
Testo completoThis thesis delves into the territorial dimension of scientific and technological knowledge exchange, a pivotal aspect of the innovation process. It focuses on defence-related technological fields, such as weaponry, aerospace equipment and 3D printing, to scrutinize how scientific advancements are integrated into technological development. Furthermore, our analysis focuses on measuring strategic autonomy of national territories, assessing their capacity to independently produce, use and disseminate knowledge. This form of autonomy in critical defence innovation sectors is a key factor in current discussions on national sovereignty.From an institutionalist viewpoint, this manuscript situates the innovation process within the national innovation system framework. In this context, territory is understood as a social, political and cultural construct that facilitates interactions and the exchange of knowledge.Our empirical method mobilizes quantitative methods using a large number of patent data and scientific publications to establish global knowledge networks, based on citations and semantic proximity. In this regard, we employ a structural approach, integrating influence graph theory consolidated with econometric models.Our findings reveal two distinct global knowledge networks. The first, encompassing explicit knowledge, can be easily disseminated, and assimilated across various territories. The analysis of these networks permits a comparative evaluation of the control over strategic knowledge among different territories, highlighting situations of dominance or dependence on external sources of knowledge. The second network, with more local roots, comprises tacit, applied knowledge that is intrinsic to individuals and their social interaction networks, thereby being geographically bounded. This network accounts for the sustained presence of national expertise over an extended period, notwithstanding the globalized nature of knowledge exchange driven by globalisation and the advancement of information and communication technologies.Our study shows that the coexistence of these networks is essential in knowledge maturation. Despite the more codified and globalized nature of scientific activity compared to technological, it retains strong territorial ties, fostering local innovation through tacit knowledge exchange. These insights suggest that investments in specific domains are crucial for enhancing national sovereignty in strategic innovation
Audoux, Christine. "Un possible, impossible, la co-production des connaissances entre science et société : étude de recherches collaboratives entre chercheurs et acteurs dans le cadre du dispositif "Partenariat Institutions Citoyens pour la Recherche et l‘Innovation" (PICRI) en Ile de France". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1107/document.
Testo completoA possible, impossible, the co-production of knowledge between science and society. Research is primarily a social activity delegated to professional researchers in academic and private laboratories, with a certain distancing from the rest of society. Taking advantage of the "participatory turn", actors in civil society are invited alongside professional researchers, with new research funding arrangements, to contribute to the production of new knowledge in areas of societal interest. What is happening in this collaborative research? Can scientific knowledge be co-constructed? And are such collaborations able to renew the modes of production of knowledge delegated to researchers?It is from this way of looking at things that the question is posited regarding translation as a major premise in the emergence of a possible joint construction between civil society actors and researchers who are driving this collaborative research plan. Translating involves multiple planes of interaction which are in as many ways, ways of passing between different people's different registers of knowledge and interests as they are interpretations which are produced to give these registers meaning. This central dimension of translation between scientific and associative worlds is addressed in a double epistemological perspective. A firstly sociological approach to translation captures how actors and researchers combine and link their different identities and interests and their knowledge and different research objects to achieve scientific inscriptions. Collaborative arrangements emerge from this with various configurations which demonstrate the conditions of co-construction. A second approach mobilizes the hermeneutics of translation to account for interpretation and learning abilities that can emerge from these research collaborations. It places deliberation and recognition capabilities at the heart of interactions, which guide collaborative arrangements towards a collective research capacity.Following this analysis, the identification of interaction conditions favouring the co-construction of knowledge between civil society actors and professional researchers can re-examine the possibility of including, alongside the dominant modes of scientific production, a way of co-producing which is part of a renewal of the relationship between science and society
Le, Gloan Caroline. "Les politiques publiques dans la création et le financement de start-up en France : Une évaluation du Concours national d'aide à la création d'entreprises de technologies innovantes". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Assas - Paris II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335414.
Testo completoSon efficacité est évaluée sous l'angle de la qualité de son ciblage et de l'information qu'il procure aux autres agents (notamment les investisseurs) en s'appuyant sur le concept de quality certification (ou label public).
Le travail empirique se base sur le traitement statistique d'un échantillon de 500 entreprises créées sur la période 1999-2006, sur une étude de cas portant sur 11 entreprises issues du concours ayant réalisé une forte levée de fonds sur le marché du capital risque, et sur une enquête de satisfaction auprès d'une vingtaine d'investisseurs.
Les résultats mettent en valeur l'impact positif de ce financement public en termes de ciblage, de performance des bénéficiaires, d'effet de levier financier et d'efficience systémique. Mais la viabilité des entreprises créées reste incertaine et la quality certification est insuffisante auprès des différents partenaires financiers. Dans un contexte institutionnel encore peu favorable, la pluralité et la forte décentralisation de l'intervention publique est plus largement pointée tout comme les déterminants et barrières à la croissance et au financement des Jeunes Entreprises Innovantes. Des préconisations méthodologiques, pratiques et politiques sont enfin formulées.
Garcia, Margarida. "Le rapport paradoxal entre les droits de la personne et le droit criminel : les théories de la peine comme obstacles cognitifs à l'innovation". Thèse, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2742/1/D1884.pdf.
Testo completoDuclos, Anne-Marie. "La réception affective et comportementale du programme d'ÉCR chez les enseignants du primaire : analyse de l'implantation et de la mise en oeuvre d'une innovation éducative". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20064.
Testo completoEmmanuel, Béché. "Usages et représentations sociales de l'ordinateur chez les élèves dans deux lycées du Cameroun. Esquisse d'une approche de l'appropriation des technologies". Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869697.
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