Tesi sul tema "Théorie du risque et de l'incertitude"
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Tacnet, Jean-Marc. "Prise en compte de l'incertitude dans l'expertise des risques naturels en montagne par analyse multicritères et fusion d'information". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771692.
Testo completoSarrouy-Watkins, Nathalie. "La théorie de l'effectuation et l'incertitude du couple produit-marché dans le processus de création d'entreprise". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIME002.
Testo completoEffectuation is the first original theory of entrepreneurship, but the problems surrounding its very nature have compromised the development of its hypotheses of usage. Based on the initial uncertainty of the product-market couple, it has not be the subject of sufficient empirical testing. The objective of this research is to improve the normative capacity of effectuation, by furthering the exploration of its link with the uncertainty of the product-market couple. The scientific goal is twofold:- To test the hypotheses of the usage of the product-market couples against the variable initial uncertainty.- To propose and test the new hypotheses of usage, founded on the uncertainty of the product–market couples in creation.Theoretical choices have been made, translating our wish to surpass the successive philosophical approaches and to anchor the research in three new models: those of Hogarth, Davidson and Bhaskar. The quasi-qualitative methodology retained, enables the conciliation of the double finality of the research, with the necessity to use the case study method to seize the whole concept. The research strategy relies on the recommendations stated by Yin and the techniques of Miles and Huberman, guaranteeing a high level of validity and reliability of the results. The theory relies on the analysis and the comparison of six cases of enterprise creation, presenting at the start a varied uncertainty of their product-market couple. The results obtained hinge on two points:- The enrichment of the effectual theory with new theoretical foundations.- The reinforcement of its normative capacity with two new series of usage hypotheses founded on 1) the initial uncertainty of the product-market couple and 2) the uncertainty of the product-market couple measured during the process.More generally we have shown the importance of the use of effectuation in the creation of enterprises by novice entrepreneurs
Schinckus, Christophe. "La diversification théorique en finance de marché : vers de nouvelles perspectives de l'incertitude : étude de la contribution de la finance comportementale et l'éconophysique en matière de modélisation de l'évaluation des actifs financiers". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010072.
Testo completoFayard, Nicolas. "Capability approach inspired tools for aiding policy design". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD043.
Testo completoThis research explores the application of the Capability Approach (CA) within decision-aiding frameworks, focusing on public policy design.The CA is presented as an alternative to traditional welfare measures, offering a multidimensional framework that accounts for diversity and subjectivity.We propose an improved approach by incorporating systemic factors through mixed-integer linear programming, obtaining capability sets as Pareto frontiers.A proof of concept was developed by applying the CA to assess mental health capabilities of older adults in the urban context of Paris.Rather than comparing and aggregating, possibly multidimensional, solutions, new methodologies are required to compare and aggregate sets of Pareto-efficient solutions.The second part of this manuscript is dedicated to adapting classical aggregation methods to the CA, specifically focusing on aggregating capability sets in the presence of a utility function and dealing with uncertainty, both with and without subjective probabilities
Alidor, Bastien. "L'incertitude et le contrat en droit privé". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10029.
Testo completoLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Foucher, Karine. "Principe de précaution et risque sanitaire : recherche sur l'encadrement juridique de l'incertitude scientifique". Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4026.
Testo completoThe emergence of the precautionary principle is the outcome, due to the advancement of scientific knowledge, of an awareness of the limitations of the preventionary principle. µAfter it has been acknowledged in the field of environnemental protection, the precautionary principle is moreover liable to apply in the field of public health. Its aims is to prevent risks of typically uncertain, grevious and irreversible damage. Operating it does not require any new legal instruments, it only requires making use of the existing provisions about the prevention of technological risks (preliminary assessment and licence, compulsory follow up, limitations, measures of conservation) taking into account scientific uncertainty. Such steps taken to manage risks happen to be ample dimensions compared with wathever action could be taken according to preventionary principle. The juridical implications of the precautionary principle fall into two categories, wether the risk is managd in a permissive or in a conservatoryway. The point of this approach is so show that the precautionary principle is a principle for action intented to apply of the various stages of decision making. When one considers that distinction to check off the existing or potential means of the taking uncertainty into account in law, substantial presence of that principole can no doubt be traced in law. Its formal consecration does not lead the to a break with existing law. On the contrary, it allows strengthening the precautionary principle widely developed in law, together with is acknowledgement as a juridical principle
Siani, Carole. "Le traitement du risque et de l'incertitude dans les évaluations économiques de stratégies médicales". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX24006.
Testo completoYafil, Fabrice. "Aversion au risque et demande d'assurance maladie : théorie et expérimentation". Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10024.
Testo completoDitzler, Cédric. "Attitude face au risque et choix d'assurance : théorie et expériences". Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/DITZLER_Cedric_2005.pdf.
Testo completoThe work of the thesis consists in testing several theories of decision under risk starting from the predictions of two simplified insurance models: a model of choice of insurance contract for a given coverage and a model of choice of insurance coverage for a given insurance scheme. Our framework makes it possible to discuss the empirical validity of two central theorems of the economy of insurance: the theorem of Arrow and the theorem of Mossin. The confrontation of the theories of decision is carried out 1) by the study of the correspondence between attitudes to risk which are determined by the Tradeoff elicitation method (Deneffe and Wakker (1996)) and the insurance choices and 2) according to the insurance choices using a deterministic approach and a stochastic one which takes into account the errors made by the subjects. We show that it is difficult to infer insurance choices from the elicitation results because of a great instability of the attitude to risk between two successive elicitation phases of preferences. In addition, our experimental data do not support the predictions of the Arrow and Mossin theorems. These results show the low descriptive validity of the expected utility theory compared to other alternative theories like the dual theory of Yaari (1987) or the cumulative prospect theory of Tversky and Kahneman (1992). However, even if the alternative models manage to explain more insurance behaviours in our experiments, the stochastic analysis shows all the same that the expected utility theory is less sensitive to the modifications carried out on the variables of treatment like the format of presentation of the questions or the monetary incentives which influence considerably the subjects' attitudes to risk
Mo, Xiu. "Compilation de bases de connaissances avec prise en compte de l'imprécision et de l'incertitude". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30193.
Testo completoMostoufi, Mina. "Eléments de théorie du risque en finance et assurance". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010044/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the risk theory in Finance and Insurance. Application of the Comonotonicity concept, the strongest risk dependence, is described for identifying the Pareto optima and Individually Rational Pareto optima allocations, option pricing and quantification of risk. Furthermore it is shown that the left monotone risk aversion, a meaningful refinement of strong risk aversion, characterizes Yaari’s decision makers for whom deductible insurance is optimal. The concept of Comonotonicity is introduced and discussed in Chapter 1. In case of multiple risks, the idea that a natural way for insurance companies to optimally share risks is risk by risk Pareto-optimality is adopted. Moreover, the Pareto optimal and individually Pareto optimal allocations are characterized. The Chapter 2 investigates the application of the Comonotonicity concept in option pricing and quantification of risk. A novel control variate Monte Carlo method is introduced and its application is explained for basket options, Asian options and TVaR. Finally in Chapter 3 the strong risk aversion is refined by introducing the left-monotone risk aversion which characterizes the optimality of deductible insurance within the Yaari’s model. More importantly, it is shown that the computation of the deductible is tractable
Dubois, Frédéric. "Théorie des probabilités et risque : penser l'optimisme épistémologique après la catastrophe". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26257.
Testo completoAccording to Ulrich Beck, modern societies are “risk societies”. On one hand, modernity has been the cradle of scientific development and, in the wake, the triumph of Reason. On another hand, its scientific successes gave rise to new technologies with such potential risks that some thinkers come to fear the worst for our modern societies. Yet, scientific-experts may hope to prevent and, therefore, rejoice the power to act against the eventuality of such disasters. Indeed, since the refinement of probabilistic theories, science now possesses a powerful tool to foresight the risks it produces. “Knowledge is power”, as Francis Bacon’s credo suggests. Hence, to calculate risks should be sufficient to seize the threats mankind is facing and, thereby, act upon it. But, what if, despite the more precise calculus possible, the worst was still to happen? As Chernobyl and, more recently, Fukushima reminded us, hazard might still have his way over the human ingenuity. Nuclear energy might be a simple example among an increasing number of emerging risk technologies. Still, the gravity of the consequences of its recent failures might whereas be the display of a deeper modern threat. We think we can learn from our experiences and, in such a way, as Leibniz would have said, a catastrophe becomes a prerequisite evil for a greater Good. Can we really learn from our experiences in a way we can, without a doubt, avoid a further catastrophe? Is there not in the epistemological optimism internal logic a greater threat that is obscured by our conception of risk as a mathematical concept? We then have to question not only the internal logic of an optimistic epistemology, but as well the modern constructed concept of risk as it presents itself as the core of modern developments.
Bertrand, Julie. "Manipulation expérimentale de l'intolérance à l'incertitude et inquiétudes : vérification de la présence d'un facteur de risque causal". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60615.pdf.
Testo completoNiesner, Christophe. "Sensibilité et robustesse à l'incertitude paramétrique : une approche Bond Graph". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Niesner.pdf.
Testo completoGaillardetz, Patrice. "Structures de dépendance en théorie du risque et pour les obligations avec risque de défaut". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53946.pdf.
Testo completoRaggad, Bechir. "Gestion des risques : théorie et application au marché pétrolier". Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24022.
Testo completoThe originality of this thesis lies in the transposition of the methods founded on Extreme Value Theory (EVT), developed initially for the analysis of the risks incurred in varied fields, to the analysis of oil market. This contribution is intended to make for the deficit of work dedicated to the measurement and the quantitative analysis of the risks, in term of the Value at Risk (VaR), related to the adverse movements on the market of the crude. The purpose of this thesis is to further explore the usefulness of EVT models in forecasting Value at Risk in oil market. These models are compared to the performances of other well-known modeling techniques on VaR literature. Results show that Conditional EVT and Filtered Historical Simulation procedures offer a major improvement over the standard methods. Furthermore, GARCH (1,1)-t model may give equally good results. In a bivarate setting, we study the dependence structure of extreme returns between spot and futures’oil data. We apply two classes of MGARCH models: the Constant Conditional Correlation (CCC) proposed by Bollerslev (1990) and the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) by Engle (2002). The results show that the assumption of constant conditional correlation was not supported. We also conclude that the shocks to the volatilities in the spot and futures’ returns are complementary rather than substitutable. By comparing these results with those obtained with copula approach, we find the estimates of extreme correlations of returns are higher than those obtained from the MGARCH models. The main advantage of copula is that it generates dependence measures even if the multivariate Gaussian distribution does not apply
Id, Brik Rachid. "Modélisation du risque dans les marchés de commodités : théorie et applications". Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090063.
Testo completoAubert, Cécile. "Essais en théorie des contrats : réglementation et imperfections contractuelles, altruisme et risque moral". Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10079.
Testo completoThe contractual relationship between a principal and an agent may depend on third parties with whom the principal cannot contract. We analyse several such cases. Chapter 1 studies competition between two firms producing imperfect substitues. We analyse the effects of collusion when the regulator can only regulate one of the firms. Chapter 2 consideres renegociation of regulatory contracts. We show that a Government can use these contracts strategically, to influence its successor. In chapter 3, we determine conditions under which the principal benefits from the agent's altruism vis-à-vis a third person. Altruism in multi-agent or multi-principal situations is then studied. Chapter 4 focuses on norms of resource sharing in a community, liking them to the incentives of its members in a relationship with moral hazard
Chiabrando, Fabien. "Risque avec normalisation aléatoire et test d'additivité". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11086.
Testo completoMy thesis is devoted to the extension of the notion of risk with normalizing factor, initiated by Lepski, in the regression model. This method aims to fight the "curse of dimensionality" faced in estimation problems using hypothesis testing theory
El, Chami Carole. "Rapport bénéfice-risque et gestion de l'incertitude dans un contexte d'innovation thérapeutique en cancérologie digestive : perception, positionnement et décision des patients et des médecins". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCI013.
Testo completoAdvances in technology have led to a better understanding of the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of cancer, paving the way for the development of targeted therapies, followed by immunotherapy, which have transformed the approach to cancer treatment. While these treatments allow for increased personalization of cancer care, they present several challenges in the context of therapeutic decision-making, which is supposed to be shared. These challenges are related to the multiplicity of data (clinical, biological, molecular) that need to be integrated into decisions; the complexity of the scientific information on the risks and benefits of these treatments, which patients must understand to make an informed choice; and the communication and management of uncertainty due to the lack of hindsight and, sometimes, scientific evidence regarding their effects.We aimed to study the perceptions and attitudes of oncologists and patients towards these treatments and the uncertainty surrounding their risk-benefit ratio, as well as to describe their impact on the therapeutic decision-making process in digestive oncology.We conducted two qualitative studies based on semi-structured interviews: one with oncologists practicing digestive oncology, and the other with patients diagnosed with digestive cancers and undergoing these treatments.The qualitative study conducted with fifteen oncologists working in different types of healthcare institutions in the Bourgogne Franche-Comté region (Dijon and Besançon university hospitals, Dijon cancer center, and Chalon-sur-Saône hospital) shows that the uncertainty they face can be related to the lack of available data and/or experiential knowledge about the effects of these treatments.This uncertainty is nevertheless counterbalanced by supervision and monitoring systems and by the existence of multidisciplinary team meetings. Several strategies are used by oncologists to present these treatments to patients and communicate the uncertainty of their benefit-risk ratio, without patients questioning their professional expertise. The limited time available and the patients' lack of medical expertise are identified by oncologists as obstacles to the implementation of shared decision-making.The qualitative study conducted with twenty patients receiving care in various healthcare institutions in the Bourgogne Franche-Comté region (Dijon and Besançon university hospitals and Dijon cancer center) shows that patients have a positive perception of the effectiveness and tolerance of these treatments, associated with notions of newness and opportunity. They have limited knowledge and difficulty to fully grasp certain aspects of these treatments. The uncertainty related to their effects is acknowledged but minimized by patients through the implementation of several coping strategies. Faced with this uncertainty and their feeling of illegitimacy in medical matters, patients perceive their role in the therapeutic decision-making as limited.The results of these two studies highlight the need to make treatment information more accessible to patients and the need to improve health literacy, a potential area of action to explore in order to progress toward greater autonomy in the decision-making process
Merhy, Chafic. "Les IDE face au risque politique d'expropriation : analyse et évaluation". Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10029.
Testo completoBougaret, Sophie. "Prise en compte de l'incertitude dans la valorisation des projets de recherche et développement : la valeur de l'information nouvelle". Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT016G.
Testo completoKerneis, Jacques. "Analyse didactique et communicationnelle de l'éducation aux médias : éléments d'une grammaire de l'incertitude". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451046.
Testo completoDupuy, Philippe. "Perception du risque et perception de l'incertitude : réexamen des phénomènes de contagion sur le marché de la dette des pays émergents". Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090063.
Testo completoBouriche, Khalid. "Gestion de l'incertitude et codage des politiques de sécurité dans les systèmes de contrôle d'accès". Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0406/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on encoding default-based SELinux security policy in OrBAC and propose an extension of this model. We presented the state of the art of different models of access controls present in the literature underlining the limitations of each of these models. Then we presented the model OrBAC as an extension of the RBAC model, firstly because he brought the notion of context and organization and secondly it allows expressing, in addition to permissions, prohibitions and obligation. Then we presented the SELinux security solution that uses a set of access control models such as DAC, RBAC and MAC. We identified several hundreds or even thousands of rules in SELinux security policy, these rules may be access decisions or decisions of transition. We could then encode these rules in OrBAC model, and via filling its tables of entities, then transform relations OrBAC. Our thesis also reviewed the foundations of possibilistic logic, and then made an important enlargement in OrBAC model; it's to introduce an entity called "priority" in each relationship model OrBAC. The entity "priority" quantifies the certainty for concrete entity injection into the corresponding abstract entity, in general, it's meaning the degree of certainty that a relationship is performed. We proposed three modes of combination (pessimistic, optimistic and advanced) that can be adopted to determine the concrete relations priority value from priorities values of each corresponding abstract relationship. Finally, we implement, via an application developed by DELPHI, coding access decisions rules of the SELinux policy in OrBAC model introducing the priority entity
Abdellaoui, Mohammed. "Utilité espérée et décision en avenir risque : une étude expérimentale critique". Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX32030.
Testo completoThis work consists of two parts. The first part presents the expected utility theory and investigates the links between its formal aspect and its use as a decision-aid model. It insists on the conformity of the decision-maker's fundamental preferences to the axioms of the formal model as a necessary condition for extrapolating the attitudes observed (choices among random prospects) to the set of potential actions in the decision-aid study. The second part presents the results of an experimental inquiry into individual behavior under risk. It focuses on individual arbitrage between probabilities and payments in choosing among elementary lotteries and compares it to the arbitrage predicted by expected utility theory. The inquiry was conducted in france and in morocco, which provided two samples of datas, each one pertaining to a different cultural system. The analysis of the data obtained indicates that it is impossible for the formal model to represent the choices expressed by the experimental study subjects. Our results are relatively more precise than previous results (kahneman and tversky) and they are in line with those of de neufville and delquie (1988)
Buisson, Jean-Christophe. "TOULMED, un générateur de systèmes-experts qui prend en compte l'imprécision et l'incertitude des connaissances : développement du système DIABETO pour l'aide aux soins des diabétiques". Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT048H.
Testo completoCarton, Sabine. "Systèmes d'information internationaux et culture : influence de la dimension culturelle contrôle de l'incertitude sur le processus d' implantation". Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE2A001.
Testo completoKambia-Chopin, Bidénam. "Prévention des risques, marché d'assurance et responsabilité environnementale : essais en théorie des incitations". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100182.
Testo completoPart I : The first chapter recalls the properties of the equilibrium under adverse selection, and secondly, under moral hazard. In chapters 2 and 3, we consider both adverse selection and moral hazard. In chapter 2, agents differ with respect to their cost of self-protection, whereas they also differ with respect to their performance in the reduction of the probability of accident in chapter 3. In both chapters, we show that the equilibrium has the same properties as in Rothschild and Stiglitz's paper (1976), although it may take three forms in chapter 2. In chapter 3, we show that adverse selection reduces the less risky agent's coverage, increasing likewise his preventive action with respect to the hidden action situation. Part II : The fourth chapter is devoted to the economic analysis of accident law. Lastly, in chapter 5, we show that a judgement-proof firm may take an optimal level of prevention. A financial responsibility, may implement the social optimum in some cases
Di, Bernardino Éléna. "Modélisation de la dépendance et mesures de risque multidimensionnelles". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838598.
Testo completoFromont, Emmanuelle. "L'évaluation du risque et de la performance des Hedge Funds". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139012.
Testo completoSapolin, Bertrand. "Construction d'une méthodologie d'évaluation statistique des logiciels de dispersion atmosphérique utilisés en évaluation de risque NRBC et développement d'un modèle d'estimation de l'incertitude des résultats". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077217.
Testo completoAtmospheric dispersion of contaminated clouds following deliberate or accidental releases of CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) toxic substances may have serious health impacts. In order to estimate them, CBRN risk assessment activities rely, among other things, on atmospheric dispersion models. These models compute the concentration field of pollutant in order to quantify potential adverse effects on human population. They need to be evaluated, which means their outputs have to be compared to experimental data within an appropriate methodology. Now, existing evaluation methodologies have two flaws: firstly they are not suited to risk assessment, and secondly their results may be somewhat arbitrary because they are based on direct comparisons between observations and model results. Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer introduces a large random component in the observations, and thus an inevitable gap between observations and model results, be the latter "perfect". In this thesis two tools have been built to fix these issues. The first one is an evaluation methodology suitable for the risk assessment context. The second one is an empirical statistical model meant to estimate the uncertainty in the simulation results. It can be associated to an atmospheric dispersion model with probabilistic capabilities in order to produce an envelop of the answer rather than a unique "average" result, the latter being of little use despite its omnipresence in current risk assessment studies. When used jointly, the two tools developed in this thesis enable model/experiment comparisons to be more objective and less subject to experimental randomness
Boussard, Clément. "Estimations embarquées de conditions de risque : adhérence et visibilité". Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1524.
Testo completoIn the past our cars were moving. In the future, they will converse through V2V communication (Vehicle to Vehicle): the cars exchange data such as position and speed. The onboard computer can also record information from the car - rain sensors, brightness, but also ESP, ABS -, and give birth to an information network where that information is collected by an infrastructure able to analyse it. This is the V2I communication (Vehicle to Infrastructure). The greater the number of vehicles that detect information - such as the presence of fog-, the higher the probability of fog, and the faster the infrastructure can inform drivers approaching the area where is the fog. In this context, we are interested in onboard risky condition estimation caused by climatic factors. Climate can create conditions of hazards such as snow, Rain, fog. . . These conditions change pavement conditions and the sight offered to the driverGiven that there is no sensor reflecting the road conditions which can be used on vehicles with standard sensors, we present in the first part of the thesis a new maximum road’s friction estimator. In addition, there are already some visibility distance estimators that use an onboard camera, but they have some limitations that we tried to circumvent. The presentation of this estimator constitutes the second part of the thesis
Laguiche, Sylvie de. "Evaluation et risque des obligations à taux variable sur le marché français : contrôle optimal et problème de stockage en univers incertain". Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090025.
Testo completoCaillault, Cyril R. "Le risque de marché : mesures et backtesting : approche par les copules dynamiques". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DENS0009.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the copulas in order to measure the market risk. Chapter 1, we recall the Most important results concerning copulas : definition, Sklar's theorem, constructions, tail dependence, concordance measures, and simulation's algorithms. In Chapter 2, we develop a non parametric estimation method based on tail dependence concept that we compare with the “Omnibus" estimator. We show that the choice of the best copula could be different according to the method. Then, our results show existence of co movements between Asian markets. Chapter 3, we develop dynamical methods to compute the Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall measures. The choice of the measure is discussed according to the Basle amendment. Chapter 4, we introduce the dynamical copula to calculate Value at Risk. Three tests are proposed in order to validate this computations method
Saihi, Malek. "Les techniques d'allocation des fonds propres : applications, apports et limites". Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090003.
Testo completoSubsequent to the Basle Committee's rules, banks reacted by developing internal models of risk measurement and capital allocation. Within the framework of this thesis, we presented the functioning, the advantages and the limits of four capital allocation techniques. Thereafter, we proposed a capital allocation model based on a multicriterion approach and another model based on the options theory and the wealth creation. We, also, examined the relative capacity of the wealth creation measures in explaining the firms' market value. In addition, we tested the effectiveness of the economic capital in the explanation of the firms' performance and in the identification of the validity of the agency theory. Finally, we tried to determine the factors which intervene in the determination of this risk measure
Castaing, Cécile. "La théorie de la décision administrative et le principe de précaution". Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40029.
Testo completoArticle L. 110-1 of the environment code states that the precautionary principle exerts an influence which goes beyeond the context ot the protection of the environment. But in the absence of a specific ratification by the legislator to cover other activities, and unless the administrative judge makes it a general principle of law, the precautionary principle only applies to activities likely to cause a health risk. As a safety mesure, it is principally aimed at administrative authorities which have regulator power, and whose role is to guide in decreeing norms. .
Crivellari, Paolo. "Pour une sociologie cognitive des sentiments de risque : croyances collectives et action dans les mobilisations contre la pollution électromagnétique". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040021.
Testo completoThis work is an empirical sociological research, conducted with an individualistic methodology and qualitative techniques. The research, based on the analysis and the explanation of collective beliefs and action in a context of scientific uncertainty, starts with a double question: Why and how do individuals mobilise in a context of risk? The risk referred to is that caused by the potentially negative effects on human health deriving from non-ionising emissions, caused by mobile phones base stations transmitters. Specifically, the fieldwork is represented by the spontaneous citizens' committees of the city of Padua (Italy), whose members protest against the electromagnetic pollution of the antennas for mobile phones. The answer to the initial double question points out the cognitive aspects that are linked to the rationality of the actors and allows to draw some conclusions towards a cognitive sociology of the feelings of risk
Rinaudo, Stéphane. "Dynamique des choix : modèles et applications". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010023.
Testo completoTitova, Yulia. "Risques du secteur bancaire européen : l'interdépendance, le rôle des produits dérivés de couverture et de trading et la régulation". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010005.
Testo completoThe financial crisis started in 2007 has raised a number of issues including systemic risk and its regulation, and the role of derivatives in the banking sector. The thesis discusses these questions in the light of the European banking sector. ln particular, we show that the interdependence of the individual risks measured by copula functions increased significantly at the onset of the crisis that resulted in a spectacular upsurge in VaR (Value-at-Risk) of the European banking sector. We have also established that starting from 2003 the risk dependence pattern has been symmetric, that is characterized by equal probabilities of simultaneous increases and decreases of banking risk returns. ln accordance with regulation of global systemically important banks adopted in 20 Il, banks which play a significant role in the stability of the financial system should face capital surcharges. By applying game theoretical approach, we find that the side effect of such measures would be an increase in market interest rates and a decrease in loan supply. Besides regulation of systemic risk, derivatives are a matter of concern. The thesis aims at finding empirical evidence for these arguments. Contrary to the majority of previous studies that do not document the relevance of derivatives for banking efficiency, we find a positive impact of both hedging and trading derivatives on efficiency. The scale of operations with derivatives measured by notion al amounts does not increase the volatility of return in the banking sector. However, the credit risk of derivatives, especially in the case of trading contracts, proxied by positive fair values contributes to higher volatility
Kmiec, Bardu Ruxanda. "Représentations sociales et analyse des risques : étude de la relation entre le risque et la crise économique par la théorie des représentations sociales". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML012.
Testo completoThe goal of different studies that will be presented in this dissertation is to study the risk as a social object, as well as its relationship with a number of specific risks and risky situations of everyday life, and especially with the economic crisis. Seven studies were conducted in three areas: the first one explores and verifies the existence of a risk's social representation. The theoretical backgrounds which were applied to study risk social representation is based on the social representation theory (Moscovici, 1961), mainly the structural approach, the central core theory (Abric, 1984; Flament, 1981), and the prototypical analysis (Vergès, 1992). Secondly, we analyzed how the representational elements of risk (central core and peripheral elements) might be applied to the analysis of ten specific risks. These risks were strongly mediatized at the moment of study, or previously identified as being close concerns of participants (students). The results show that the elements of the risk social representation are consistent when they are used to construct scales describing specific risks. The second axis' aims were to make deeper the relationship between two social representations: risk and economic crisis, as a collective risk. Four studies were led: a structural analysis of the crisis social representation, a classification with a block task, an analysis of patterns of words (Vergès, 2001), and their effects on the perception of the crisis gravity and actions when facing the economic crisis. Findings support the idea that social representation is a mediator of risk judgments and economic behavior. The third area includes a cross-cultural study between two European countries (France and Romania), discernable on the individualism / collectivism dimensions. Verbal productions' investigation, including multivariate analysis of lexical data (Alceste), highlighted significant differences of risk social representation' structure along with the dimension of culture
Lemaire, Jérôme. "Utilisation de descriptions de haut niveau et gestion de l'incertitude dans un système de reconnaissance de scènes". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0021.
Testo completoSeck, Babacar. "Optimisation stochastique sous contrainte de risque et fonctions d'utilité". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004576.
Testo completoBaudrit, Cédric. "Représentation et propagation de connaissances imprécises et incertaines : application à l'évaluation des risques liés aux sites et aux sols pollués". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011933.
Testo completosur une évaluation des risques pour l'homme et l'environnement. Cette évaluation est effectuée à l'aide de modèles qui simulent le transfert de polluant depuis une source de pollution vers une cible vulnérable, pour différents scénarii d'exposition. La sélection des valeurs des paramètres de ces modèles s'appuie autant que possible sur les données recueillies lors des investigations de terrain (phase de diagnostic de site). Or pour des raisons de délais et de coûts, l'information recueillie lors de cette phase de diagnostic est toujours incomplète; elle est donc entachée d'incertitude. De même, les modèles de transferts et d'exposition présentent également des incertitudes à intégrer dans les procédures. Cette notion globale d'incertitude doit être prise en compte dans l'évaluation du risque pour que les résultats soient utiles lors la phase décisionnelle.
L'incertitude sur les paramètres peut avoir deux origines. La première provient du caractère aléatoire de l'information due à une variabilité naturelle résultant de phénomènes stochastiques. On parle alors d'incertitudes de variabilité ou d'incertitudes stochastiques. La seconde est liée au caractère imprécis de l'information lié à un manque de connaissance et qui résulte par exemple d'erreurs systématiques lors de mesures ou d'avis d'experts.
On parle alors d'incertitudes épistémiques. Dans le calcul de risque, ces deux notions sont souvent confondues alors qu'elles devraient être traitées de manière différente.
L'incertitude en évaluation des risques a surtout été appréhendée dans un cadre purement probabiliste.
Cela revient à supposer que la connaissance sur les paramètres des modèles est toujours de nature aléatoire (variabilité). Cette approche consiste à représenter les paramètres incertains par des distributions de probabilité uniques et à transmettre l'incertitude relative à ces paramètres sur celle du risque encouru par la cible, en appliquant en général la technique dite Monte Carlo. Si cette approche est bien connue, toute la difficulté tient à une définition cohérente des distributions de probabilité affectées aux paramètres par rapport à la connaissance disponible. En effet dans un contexte d'évaluation des risques liés à l'exposition aux polluants, l'information dont on dispose concernant certains paramètres est souvent de nature imprécise. Le calage d'une distribution de probabilité unique sur ce type de
connaissance devient subjectif et en partie arbitraire.
L'information dont on dispose réellement est souvent plus riche qu'un intervalle mais moins riche qu'une distribution de probabilité. En pratique, l'information de nature aléatoire est traitée de manière rigoureuse par les distributions de probabilité classiques. Celle de nature imprécise est traitée de manière rigoureuse par des familles de distributions de probabilité définies au moyen de paires de probabilités cumulées hautes et basses ou, à l'aide de théories plus récentes, au moyen de distributions de possibilité (aussi appelées intervalles flous) ou encore au moyen d'intervalles aléatoires utilisant les fonctions de croyance de Dempster-Shafer.
Un des premiers objectifs de ce travail est de promouvoir la cohérence entre la manière dont on représente la connaissance sur les paramètres
des modèles du risque et la connaissance dont on dispose réellement. Le deuxième objectif est de proposer différentes méthodes pour propager l'information de nature aléatoire et l'information de nature imprécise à travers les modèles du risque tout en essayant de tenir compte des dépendances entre les paramètres. Enfin, ces méthodes alternatives ont été testées sur des cas synthétiques puis sur des cas réels simplifiés, notamment pour proposer des moyens de présenter les résultats pour une phase décisionnelle:
- Calcul de dose : Transfert d'un polluant radioactif (le strontium) depuis le dépôt jusqu'à
l'homme, au travers de la consommation d'un aliment (le lait de vache).
- Risque toxique après un déversement accidentel de trichloréthylène (TCE) au dessus d'une nappe d'eau (modèle semi analytique).
- Risque pour la santé liée aux sols pollués par des retombées de plomb.
Said, Khalil. "Mesures de risque multivariées et applications en science actuarielle". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1245.
Testo completoThe entry into force since January 1st, 2016 of Solvency 2, the European regulatory reform of insurance industry, is a historic event that will radically change the practices in risk management. It is based on taking into account the own risk profile and the internal view of risk through the ability to use internal models for calculating solvency capital requirement and ORSA (Own Risk and Solvency Assessment) approach for internal risk management. It makes the mathematical modeling an essential tool for a successful regulatory exercise. The risk theory must allow to support this development by providing answers to practical problems, especially those related to the dependence modeling and the choice of risk measures. In the same context, this thesis presents a contribution to improving the management of insurance risks. In four chapters we present multivariate risk measures and their application to the allocation of solvency capital. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the introduction and study of a new family of multivariate elicitable risk measures that we will call multivariate expectiles. The first chapter presents these measures and explains the different construction approaches. The multivariate expectiles verify a set of coherence properties that we also discuss in this chapter before proposing a stochastic approximation tool of these risk measures. The performance of this method is insufficient in the asymptotic levels of the expectiles thresholds. That makes the theoretical analysis of the asymptotic behavior necessary. The asymptotic behavior of multivariate expectiles is then the subject of the second chapter of this part. It is studied in a multivariate regular variations framework, and some results are given in the case of equivalent marginal tails. We also study in the second chapter of the first part the asymptotic behavior of multivariate expectiles under previous assumptions in the presence of a perfect dependence, or in the case of asymptotic independence. Finally, we propose using extreme values statistics some estimators of the asymptotic expectile in these cases. The second part of the thesis is focused on the issue of solvency capital allocation in insurance. It is divided into two chapters; each chapter consists of a published paper. The first one presents an axiomatic characterization of the coherence of a capital allocation method in a general framework. Then it studies the coherence properties of an allocation approach based on the minimization of some multivariate risk indicators. The second paper is a probabilistic analysis of the behavior of this capital allocation method based on the nature of the marginal distributions of risks and the dependence structure. The asymptotic behavior of the optimal allocation is also studied and the impact of dependence is illustrated using some selected models and copulas. Faced to the significant presence of dependence between the various risks taken by insurance companies, a multivariate approach seems more appropriate to build responses to the various issues of risk management. This thesis is based on a multidimensional vision of risk and proposes some multivariate risk measures that can be applied to several actuarial issues of a multivariate nature
Liefooghe, Arnaud. "Métaheuristiques pour l'optimisation multiobjectif : approches coopératives, prise en compte de l'incertitude et application en logistique". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464166.
Testo completoGayant, Jean-Pascal. "De l'espérance non-additive d'utilité : axiomatisation, représentation et estimation". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010028.
Testo completoThis thesis cares about the choquet expected utility model and some of its applications. The appropriateness of the generalization of the expected utility mdel is discussed in the first chapter : the evolution of the theory of decision under uncertainty has led to define finer but more complex criteria. The criterion defined, under different shapes, by Quiggin (1982), Schmeidler (1989) and Tversky & Kahneman (1992) is of great relevance. In the second chapter, following wakker, an axiomatic clarification (and uniformization) is proposed, and a simple graphical representation is constructed for the case of decisions under risk. In the third chapter, some experimental works are presented : in particular, an attempts to estimate the probability distortion function is made. The fourth chapter cares about some economic applications. It is showed that the diversification principle (concerning, for instance, a portofio of financial assets) is not inconsistent with a linear utility function. Moreover, the problem of the link between the certainty equivalent of a lottery and the willingness to pay (or to accept) to participate a lottery is discussed. As a conclusion, the choquet expected utility model is told to be of great interest
Garry, Gérald. "Le risque d'inondation en France : recherche d'une approche globale du risque d'inondation et de sa traduction cartographique dans une perspective de prévention". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010576.
Testo completoThis search is an analysis of the risk of flood in its whole; it stresses the importance of teledetection and cartography. It will go through, in historical dynamic, a range of different space and time analysis : - natural and anthropic factors participating to the formation of the floods and the swellings of rivers. - the impact of such floods on the geographical environment, on its activities, goods and people. - the grading of these studies and cartography will enable us to define zones of vulnerability according to the land occupancy. - measures of prevention and management necessary to determine. Thus, this research intends to show that this risk is a consequence of numerous interactions, the different parts of which belong to various scientific or technical fields, and that a sensible approach of its mecanisms can only be made through general and interdisciplinary approach. It is also meant - by the choice of the examples given - to be the attempt of a synthesis of the main situations which can be seen in France
Jondeau, Éric. "La théorie des anticipations de la structure par terme et la mesure de la prime de risque". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090078.
Testo completoLlerena, Patrick. "Décision avec incertitude et irréversibilité : fondements de la théorie de la valeur d'option et application aux investissements productifs". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10006.
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