Tesi sul tema "Théorie des comportements de prévention"
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Loubatan, Tabo Augustin. "Analyse économique des comportements de prévention face aux risques de santé". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949540.
Testo completoLareyre, Olivier. "P2P, une intervention de pair à pair visant à prévenir le tabagisme de lycéens professionnels : quel rôle de la Théorie du Comportement Planifié dans le maintien des comportements de santé ?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30074/document.
Testo completoIn France, the issue of youth smoking remains a major challenge for public health. If peer pressure may encourage smoking, the peer education also has a positive potential to change smoking behavior of adolescents. In addition, it was demonstrated that the theory of planned behavior (TPB) gave the best prediction of intentions and behaviors in many domains of health. However, the TPB is usually not used to develop interventions against tobacco. In the P2P program, voluntary professional school students have designed and built their own TPB-based intervention (with the help of trained educators), aimed at reducing smoking peers. Our goal was to measure the impact of one year of P2P on a population particularly vulnerable professional students. The main hypothesis is that P2P avoids the increasing of daily smoking during the year in the intervention group compared to the control group
Ziebel, Christelle. "Conducteurs infractionnistes : quelles pistes pour une prévention efficiente : proposition d'une extension du modèle de la théorie du comportement planifiée d'Ajzen (1991)". Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ001L.
Testo completoThis research aims at understanding social cognition and personality variables linked with different driving behaviours among drivers taking a course designed to raise awareness about the causes and consequences of road traffic accidents. We refer to the theory of planned behaviour by Ajzen (1991). We also add descriptive norms concerning family, anticipated regrets, social support and personality measures : impulsivity, time perspective and conscienciousness. 251 offenders aged from 18 to 77 have participated at the study. The results show that the behavioural beliefs (BB), descriptive norms (DN) and Past negative (PN) explain 47% of the committment of exceeding the speed limit less than 20 km/h. The BB, the DN and sensation seeking explain 20% of the committment of exceeding the speed limit by at least 30 km/h. The BB, the DN and urgency explain 26% of the frequency of close following. The BB, Present hedonistic and not to be with social support explain 44% of the commitment of risky driving. The BB, the normative beliefs (NB) and DN explain 42% of the frequency of not wearing the safety belt. A heavy marijuana consumption and BB (to feel able to drive after taking drugs) explain 43% of the commitment of Driving Under the influence (DUI) of marijuana. This same BB, coupled with a heavy drinking and NB explain 32% of the commitment of DUI of alcohol. To conclude, an effective prevention requires to implement action plans in 3 differents levels : the subject, the family, the society
Bazillier, Cécile. "Etude longitudinale des effets de facteurs psychosociaux et d'interventions de prévention sur la susceptibilité de fumer d'enfants de huit à onze ans : le cas de la Théorie du Comportement Planifié et du Réseau Amical". Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100153/document.
Testo completoCould a smoking prevention programme be effective in 8 to 11 years old children? In order to answer that question, we launched a two-year longitudinal study. We based our work on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and analysis of peer groups. 1272 children took part in the study. The experimental group participated in one, two or three prevention interventions created by a French Cancer charity (Comité des Hauts de Seine de la Ligue Contre le Cancer). These children were compared to a control group who did not attend any prevention intervention, and a comparison group who attended a healthy eating prevention programme. Firstly, we analyzed the determinants of smoking susceptibility for the three waves of data collection. We concluded that the extended variables of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (beliefs, attitudes, perceived parental and peer norms, past smoking behaviour accounted for a significant amount of the variance in smoking susceptibility. Secondly, we evaluated the impact of the prevention intervention programme using multi level modelling. Children were nested within peer groups (level 2) and classes (level 1). The analysis of longitudinal data indicated that knowledge, beliefs, parental norms, perceived behavioural control and smoking susceptibility were positively influenced by prevention interventions. We also found that members of a peer group have similar norms and behaviour regarding tobacco. The role of peer norms in tobacco use is questioned. Additionally, these results made us think about the effect of the frequency and the content of prevention intervention on smoking susceptibility, as well as the efficacy and usefulness of prevention intervention at that age
Pin, Anne-Claire. "Prévention de la pratique problématique des jeux de hasard et d’argent : conceptualisation et mesure du risque perçu à adopter un comportement de responsable". Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIL422.
Testo completoThis research aims at better understanding the role of the perceived risk in decision-making process to adopt recommended health behavior. Particularly, built on (i) existing gambling studies, the concept of perceived risk both in consumer psychology and in health research, (iii) Rothman and colleagues’ works on health framed-messages and (iv) models of health behavior change, this study contributes to address a specific issue: In what extent does the perceived risk of adopting responsible gambling behavior influence the evaluation and the adoption of such a health behavior? Whereas, to the best of our knowledge, there is no measurement instrument of the perceived risks of adopting responsible gambling behavior, this research aims at developing a measurement index measuring the perceived risks of adopting such a health behavior. Following Churchill’s, Rossiter's, Jarvis and colleagues’ and Mackenzie and colleagues’ recommendations regarding the development of measurement instruments, we conducted a quantitative study (n = 22 gamblers) in order to thoroughly conceptualize the concept of perceived risks of adopting a responsible gambling behavior. Three quantitative studies (n = 605 gamblers) allowed assessing the stability, the predictive and discriminant validity of the measure. Results show that the perceived risks of adopting responsible gambling behavior index is a valid and reliable measure formed of five dimensions: perceived risk of (i) living less excitement, (ii) having less socialization, earning less money, (iv) winning less money and, finally, (v) having less distraction from daily life. Results suggest that gamblers perceive responsible gambling as a risky alternative to gambling because they would not be able to fully satisfy their gambling motivations. Moreover, the perceived risk of adopting responsible gambling behavior play a key role in gamblers' decision to adopt such recommended health behavior
Charters, Kathleen Anne. "Putting health behaviour theory into context and context into health behaviour theory. : COVID-19 through the health psychology looking glass". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0042.
Testo completoThe COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of health protective behaviours in reducing disease spread and subsequent health burden. Understanding the psychological determinants motivating behavioural engagement is therefore critical in an epidemic and pandemic setting. At the time of the pandemic outbreak, relatively little research attention had focused on the dynamics of human behavioural response to an unfolding, constantly evolving epidemic threat. This doctoral research therefore sought to address this gap in the literature firstly by investigating existing theory in the COVID-19 context, and secondly by expanding upon existing theory to account for the epidemic setting, thereby putting health behaviour theory into context and context into health behaviour theory. To this end, the first part of the doctoral research investigated two health behaviour issues of concern to researchers and health authorities: unrealistic optimism and risk compensation. Findings from the first repeated cross-sectional study (N=12,378), conducted at pre-, early and peak first-wave epidemic stages (February–April 2020) in France, Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, indicated that people across all four countries became increasingly unrealistically optimistic over time and that this was associated with behavioural disengagement. Results of the second study (N=14,003) during the initial eight months of the vaccine rollout in France (February–September 2021), suggested risk compensation occurred towards the end of the vaccine rollout, particularly towards avoidance of social gatherings among those with a completed vaccination schedule.As results from these initial studies suggested that the epidemic setting influenced risk appraisal and adherence to mitigation measures, and addressing a gap in the literature due to the paucity of research in this area, the second part of the doctoral study explored the effect of the epidemiological context on behaviour and the social cognitive pathways involved. Seventeen bi-monthly surveys were conducted over nine months (March–November 2020, N=34,016). Multilevel analysis revealed that there was an association between the epidemiological context and protective behaviour, with time serving to moderate the effect of incidence on behaviour. Further pathway analysis indicated that the effect of the epidemiological context on behaviour was only partially mediated by social cognitive variables. Surprisingly, with the exception of perceived social norms, which made the greatest mediational contribution, social cognitions commonly and repeatedly found to predict behavioural response contrastingly contributed little to mediating the epidemiological context–behaviour relationship. Implications for theory, future research, public health policy and practice are discussed. Above all, these research findings highlight the need to nurture theory by examining, testing and expanding upon it in different contexts. Through its extension of extant theory to an epidemic of an emerging infectious disease, COVID-19, the current investigation explored the underlying layers of influence and possible causal mechanisms involved in the complex and dynamic psychological process of risk appraisal and behavioural engagement. By putting theory into context and context into theory, this doctoral research sought to nourish and advance theory, thereby making a significant contribution to the field of health behaviour research
Houme, Koffi Philippe. "Application de la théorie du comportement planifié pour prédire la persévérance des étudiants en sciences naturelles de l'Université de Lomé (Togo)". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26821/26821.pdf.
Testo completoAkpaki, Kossi. "Évaluation et analyse des déterminants du comportement alimentaire et de l'environnement alimentaire reliés à la consommation des aliments riches en fer chez les enfants âgés de 6-23 mois au Sénégal". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69598.
Testo completoIn Senegal, more than seven out of ten children aged 6-59 months suffer from anemia. Moreover, child feeding practices are inadequate in the country; thus, less than half of children aged 6-23 months had consumed iron rich foods (IRF) during the days covered by the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey. In the region of Matam, located in north of Senegal, 74 % of children aged 6-59 months suffer from anemia. In order to assess factors underlying the provision of IRF to children aged 6-23 months, we conducted a cross-sectional study from January to July 2018 in four localities of the Matam region. An extended version of the theory of planned behaviour was used to assess, amongst the determinants of food environment and the psychosocial factors of mothers, which were the best predictors of the provision of IRF to children aged 6-23 months. Interviews with heads of households and mothers of children as well as direct observation methods and focus group discussions were used to assess the determinants of food environment. Psychosocial factors and mothers' intention to provide IRF to their children were assessed using a questionnaire with pictograms developed and validated in this study. A total of 103 households were included in this study. Overall, 65% of mothers had given IRF, mainly fish, to their children the day before the survey. Attitude (? = 0.26; p = 0.015) and subjective norm (? = 0.22; p = 0.047) were the psychosocial factors associated with mothers' intention to provide IRF to their children. Furthermore, 64% of households were severely food insecure. Food availability at the community and household level as well as socioeconomic status of the household were the determinants of household food insecurity. Child's age (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03 - 1.26, p = 0.012) and household food insecurity score (OR = 0.80, 95% CI % = 0.68 - 0.96, p = 0.014) were the main predictors of the provision of IRF to children aged 6-23 months in the present study. The results obtained during the current research may help to better target behaviour change interventions by ensuring that from the age of six months, iron rich foods are offered to young children in the study setting.
Gay, Stéphan. "Malades asthmatiques : connaissances et comportements thérapeutiques, incidences pour la prévention". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P051.
Testo completoOliverio, Albertina. "La rationalité des comportements à risque : choix de prévention et VIH / Sida". Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040104.
Testo completoIndividual risk-taking decisions' rationality is analyzed by looking at the case of HIV/AIDS preventive choices. The main reference in the literature is the 'Health Belief Model' (HBM) based on the assumption of an individual rationality coinciding with zero-risk exposure. 'Rational Choice Model' (RCM) assuming that rational behavior coincides with utility maximization, is used to show HBM limits. It is argued that risky choices may be 'compatible' with an economic rationality notion. A large literature has emphasized that social interactions can be a crucial determinant of preventive behavior: some aspects of this issue are analyzed by game theory applications. Nevertheless, RCM isn't able to explain a large number of individual behaviors. A more general theory of rationality may be thus developed and RCM may be considered a particular case of this theory
Hautière, Matthieu. "Théorie des comportements et efficience informationnelle des marchés financiers". Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10040.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the link existing between bayesian learning models, human being's processing of information and financial markets' information (in-)efficiency. The first part focuses on the herding literature to prove that a rational processing of information may be sufficient to prevent phenomena of exuberance on financial markets. The second part concentrates on the contribution of cognitive psychology literature and of bayesian learning models to behavioral economics. This analytic frame provides a formal and wellstructured definition of rationality. This allows a certain kind of irrationality to be highlighted from a clear benchmark. The main contribution rests on a bayesian updating model of subjective beliefs where agents process their information in function of the nature of the information they dispose of
Verdier, Thierry. "Comportements stratégiques en économie internationale et théorie des contrats". Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0016.
Testo completoDugord, Clara. "Déterminants et transmission des comportements de recours à la prévention sur longue période". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLD040.
Testo completoThis thesis examines women's demand for preventive care, particularly cancer screenings, over a long period using data from the French E3N-Générations cohorts. We show that preventive health seeking behaviors are stable over time, with a strong effect of habit. Secondly, women who are less educated and more distant from the healthcare system are more likely to remain outside the use of preventive health services and to stop their use prematurely. Lastly, social inequalities in the uptake of cancer screening persist across generations, as a result of the transmission of preventive health seeking behaviors. By targeting more strongly women who do not seek preventive care, health policies could induce a spillover effect on the next generation, helping to reduce social inequalities in health
Pinelli, Mathieu. "Intérêt des techniques d’amorçage dans la prévention des comportements à risque en sports d’hiver". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS023.
Testo completoWinter sports include a wide range of activities in France and around the world. Each year, rescuers perform about 50 000 intervention on French ski areas. In this context, prevention campaigns are developed to reduce risk behaviors on ski slopes.To enhance these campaigns, we propose to use the priming techniques. The technique consists in re-exposing skiers to a prime from a poster including a message advocating to slow down (to which they were previously exposed) in order to decrease the speed on ski slopes. Moderators involved in risk-taking were also considered, namely personality (sensation seeking and impulsivity), emotional self-regulation (escape and avoidance), autonomic nervous system (represented by vagal tone) and objective risk to injury.In three laboratory studies, we show the effectiveness of the priming procedure in order to reduce the risk-taking associated with speed in skiing. Among main results, we show that sensation seeking and vagal tone are important factors in susceptibility to the priming. We also show an unexpected result on the priming of a relaxing message to reduce the risk-taking in winter sports.Two ecological studies were also carried out to test the procedure directly on a ski slope. We confirm with these two studies that re-exposure to a leader from a poster significantly reduces speed, particularly for afternoon with a high risk injury.This work shows that the priming procedure is effective to reduce the speed in winter sports. The sensation-seeking, the autonomic nervous system and the objective injury risk should also be taken into account in the design of prevention campaigns based on our priming procedure. This work is the first to have developed and tested an original procedure to reduce the risk taking in winter sports
Massin, Sophie. "Approches économiques des comportements d'addiction". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010046.
Testo completoDaviaud, Laure. "Comportements asymptotiques des automates Max-plus et Min-plus". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077238.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the study of issues that lie at the boundary between decidability of boundedness and undecidability of the comparison. For that, this paper gives a detailed description of functions computed by min-plus and max-plus automata. More precisely, given a function f computed by a min-plus (resp. Max-plus) automaton, the main contribution of the thesis consists in the description of the function g that associates an integer n to the maximum of the values f(w) for words w of length less than n (respectively the minimum of the values f(w) for words w of length greater than n). The theorem for approximating the function-length ratio gives an approximation of the upper bound of ratios g(n)/n in the case of a min-plus automaton, and an approximation of the lower bound of ratios g(n)/n in the case of a max-plus automaton. The asymptotic equivalence theorem describes the asymptotic behavior of the function g in the case of max-plus automata and more precisely, it states that this function is asymptotically equivalent to a rational function. The theorem for approximating the function-length ratio has an application to the approximate comparison of min-plus automata. This approximate comparison highly refines previously known results about comparison, and appears to be the most accurate comparison between two functions computed by min-plus automata, that remains decidable. The asymptotic equivalence theorem exhibits an algorithm that calculates an asymptotic equivalent of the length of the longest run in a size-change abstraction instance
Petitjean, Frank. "Modélisation de comportements irréversibles en mécanique des structures". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30047.
Testo completoGarcia, Pascal. "Exploration guidée et induction de comportements génériques en apprentissage par renforcement". Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAR0010.
Testo completoReinforcement learning is a general framework in which an autonomous agent learns which actions to choose in particular situations (states) in order to optimize some reinforcements (rewards or punitions) in the long run. Even if a lot of tasks can be formulated in this framework, there are two problems with the standard reinforcement learning algorithms: 1. Due to the learning time of those algorithms, in practice, tasks with a moderatly large state space are not solvable in reasonable time. 2. Given several problems to solve in some domains, a standard reinforcement learning agent learns an optimal policy from scratch for each problem. It would be far more useful to have systems that can solve several problems over time, using the knowledge obtained from previous problem instances to guide in learning on new problems. We propose some methods to address those issues: 1. We define two formalisms to introduce a priori knowledge to guide the agent on a given task. The agent has an initial behaviour which can be modified during the learning process. 2. We define a method to induce generic behaviours,based on the previously solved tasks and on basicbuilding blocks. Those behaviours will be added to the primitive actions of a new related task tohelp the agent solve it
Musac, Virginie. "Facteurs associés aux comportements préventifs face à la typhoïde chez les individus en milieu rural en Haïti". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26246/26246.pdf.
Testo completoDupas, Pascaline. "Informations, incitations et comportements de santé : trois essais en économie du développement". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0014.
Testo completoThis thesis uses evidence from four programs implemented in Kenya to identify types of informations and incentives that can increase preventive health behaviors. We find that teenagers are responsive to information on relative risks, thus providing information on the distribution of HIV prevalence disaggregated by gender and age group can have a much larger impact that simply providing teenagers with information on the average prevalence. We also find that reducing the cost of education generates effective incentives for teenagers to avoid teen pregnancy or marriage, and thus can have the triple benefit of increasing educational attainments, reducing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy. Last, we find that conditional in-kind subesidies (in the form of mosquito nets given to pregnant women enrolling for prenatal care) can be used effectively to overcome private inertia in the take-up of public health services, including HIV testing
Gmira, Abdelilah. "Comportements asymptotiques et singularités des solutions de problèmes quasi-linéaires". Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR4005.
Testo completoPiera, Martinez Miguel. "Modélisation des comportements extrêmes en ingénierie". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112147.
Testo completoUncertainty in a system may appear in a system due to external perturbations or a large dispersion of the design parameters. A deterministic approach assuming a perfect knowledge of the environment becomes thus doubtful. The need of reliable systems leads us to elaborate statistical models that are able to deal with this randomness. In this context extreme value modeling plays an important role because these values may correspond to abnormal or dangerous operating conditions. Our task is to model and analyze the apparition of these extreme events. A purely empirical analysis of extreme values requires many simulations of the system, which are often very expensive. It is thus desirable to analyze extreme events with as few system evaluations as possible. In particular a study about the way of estimating probability tails, failure probabilities and the worst operating case of a system has been performed
Durieu, Jacques. "Comportements adaptatifs, effets de mémoire et information : une contribution à la théorie de sjeux". Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT055.
Testo completoNdong, Joseph. "Détection de comportements anormaux dans les applications réseaux". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066670.
Testo completoWerle, Carolina Obino Corrêa. "Les déterminants des comportements de santé préventive : le rôle de l'auto-contrôle dans la prévention de l'obésité". Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21037.
Testo completoThis dissertation in the field of social marketing and its objective is to understand the role of self-control in obesity prevention, studying the relationship between physical activity and balanced food consumption. Using an experiment, we contrast different approaches from the self-regulation theory. The independent variable is the perception of the physical activity – perceived as exercise or as fun activity – with a control group (no activity) and the dependent variable is food consumption during a meal. Results indicate that participants serve themselves more pasta and bread when they perceive the physical activity as fun, condition that does not allow the activation of high-priority goal of watching what they eat. Goal activation is facilitated when the physical activity is perceived as exercise, but it is only effective when the objective is very important to the individual. However, individuals in the exercise condition consume more chocolate pudding. This extra desert consumption in the exercise condition balances the caloric intake between experimental conditions. This result shows that, even if the goal activation reduces the consumption of bread and pasta, it does not have the same effect over all the foods consumed during the meal; in the opposite sense, it has a positive effect in the chocolate pudding consumption, result that is consistent with a model of affective regulation (Garg, Wansink and Inman, 2007)
Trinquecoste, Jean-François. "Chômage et comportements de consommation : vers une théorie du comportement du consommateur-chômeur". Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D319.
Testo completoAfter having carried out a statistical approach of unemployment and an economic study of the phenomena of the consumption of unemployed consumers, of which he shows the limits, but which lead him to conclude with the vast heterogeneousness of the unemployed population, the author turns towards the theories of behaviour to understand more easily and explain the causes of the behavioural phenomena observed. The first part ends with the proposition of a general model concerning the analysis of the behaviour of the unemployed consumer. On the basis of the acknowledgement of the population observed, as previously exlained, in the second part the author chooses to concentrate his study on unemployed people at the bottom of the socio-professional scale in order to verify the relevance of the proposed model, and to improve it. The variation of cnsumption behavioural patterns of individuals, since their becoming unemployed, are studied along with the disparity of these behavioural patterns compared with those of other unemployed people in other socio-professional categories. Conluding with the validity of the general model proposed in the first part, and including of the observation made in the second part, the author refines
Kambia-Chopin, Bidénam. "Prévention des risques, marché d'assurance et responsabilité environnementale : essais en théorie des incitations". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100182.
Testo completoPart I : The first chapter recalls the properties of the equilibrium under adverse selection, and secondly, under moral hazard. In chapters 2 and 3, we consider both adverse selection and moral hazard. In chapter 2, agents differ with respect to their cost of self-protection, whereas they also differ with respect to their performance in the reduction of the probability of accident in chapter 3. In both chapters, we show that the equilibrium has the same properties as in Rothschild and Stiglitz's paper (1976), although it may take three forms in chapter 2. In chapter 3, we show that adverse selection reduces the less risky agent's coverage, increasing likewise his preventive action with respect to the hidden action situation. Part II : The fourth chapter is devoted to the economic analysis of accident law. Lastly, in chapter 5, we show that a judgement-proof firm may take an optimal level of prevention. A financial responsibility, may implement the social optimum in some cases
Beffara, Brice. "Variabilité cardiaque de haute fréquence et comportements prosociaux : Approche causale de la théorie polyvagale". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS020/document.
Testo completoThe polyvagal theory (Porges, 2007) proposes physiological flexibility as thecorrelate of socio-emotional skills. This physiological flexibility is partially determined by heart-brain interactions measurable by heart rate variability of high frequency (HF-HRV). According to this theory, higher HF-HRV should be associated with better perception of emotions and more prosocial behaviors. If more and more data tend to support this proposal, no experiment allowed to accurately test these hypotheses. We therefore carried-out a set of studies in order to test them. In a first study, we tested the link between HF-HRV and prosocial behavior measured by the level of cooperation. HF-HRV level predicted the level of cooperation but in a specific context. Our second study was designed to test the link between HF-HRV and perception of emotions. Here, the HF-HRV level did not predict better performance in recognition ofemotions. We then wanted to test a possible causal link existing between HF-HRV and prosociality. For this we performed an experiment (Study 3) to manipulate HF-HRV by biofeedback. Biofeedback increased HF-HRV levels but only in low baseline individuals. Study 4 tested whether manipulating HF-HRV by biofeedback could modulate the behavior of cooperation. We did not replicate our findings about the effectiveness of biofeedback and therefore did not observe any effect on cooperation. The fifth and final study allowed to test whether manipulating prosociality modulated the level of HF-HRV. We did not observe any effect of our experimental manipulation on HF-HRV. In conclusion, the prediction made by the polyvagal theory about the link between HF-HRV and prosocial behaviors is corroborated by empirical data but data does not support the link between the perception of emotions and HF-HRV. Short-term experimental manipulations did not reveal any causal relationship between HF-HRV and prosocial behaviors
Kobiyh, Miloudi. "Contribution à la théorie des jeux psychologique : modélisation des comportements et problèmes de coopération". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0639.
Testo completoJoachim, Christian. "Contribution au traitement moléculaire du signal : comportements intramoléculaires". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ESAE0002.
Testo completoHalfen, Sandrine. "Le dépistage du VIH en Martinique : des pratiques médicales aux comportements des populations". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100149.
Testo completoRahal, Samir. "Comportements spatio-temporels dans les instabilités convectives de Bénard". Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11042.
Testo completoAllix-Desfautaux, Eric. "Comportements opportunistes et négociations d'affaires internationales : une approche par la théorie des coûts de transactions". Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN0541.
Testo completoBirgand, Gabriel. "Infections du site opératoire : approches originales du diagnostic et de la prévention". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067988.
Testo completoPetritsis, Konstantinos. "Anticipations des agents économiques comme élément de prévision des comportements : enquêtes de conjoncture et anticipations rationnelles". Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0040.
Testo completoPoulin, Amélie. "Validation d'une grille d'observation des comportements de douleur chez les personnes atteintes de troubles neurocognitifs majeurs". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35006.
Testo completoDespite its high prevalence, pain is poorly understood and is, therefore, ignored or inadequately cared for seniors with mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) in long-term care (LTC) (Savoie, Misson, & Verreault, 2012). The under-detection of pain can be the result of many factors. This project specifically focuses on the role of pain screening tools. One of the validated and recognized instruments for screening patients with MNCD is the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC) (Fuchs-Lacelle & Hadjistravopoulos, 2004). Its French version, the PACSLAC-F, has been validated and recommended by Centre d’excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec (CEVQ)’s mentoring team to be use in LTC (Aubin et al., 2008). As reported by them, the PACSLAC-F has helped to improve the ability of caregivers to detect pain, promote communication and value their work. These caregivers, however, mentioned the large number of items included in the tool and the imprecision of some behaviors they had to observe. Having obtained the same results in Saskatchewan, Fuchs-Lacelle and Hadjistravopoulos (2004) validated a shortened version of the tool named PACSLAC-II (Chan, Hadjistravopoulos, Williams & Lints-Martindale, 2014). According to these authors, this shorter version (from 60 to 31 items) demonstrates a greater ability to differentiate pain than any other tool, including the original PACSLAC. The purpose of this study is to validate the French version of the PACSLAC-II to offer a more efficient tool for French nursing practice. Test-retest and interobserver fidelity, convergence validity, internal consistency and clinical utility of the PACSLAC-II-F were measured in 83 older adults with MNCD in LTC. The Pearson correlation (r <.0001) demonstrated a strong relationship between the two versions, with a score of 0.61, and also for the test-retest, with a result of 0.71. These results suggest that the use of PACSLAC-II-F could be considered in LTC in Quebec.
Pagani, Victoria. "La fabrique des comportements : analyse du processus de normativité et prise en compte de l'éthique en santé publique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0275.
Testo completoContext - There is growing interest in ethics in the health world. If the questions of medical ethics (end of life, doctor / patient relationship ...) and research ethics (Helsinki declaration ...) focus our attention, is it about ethics in health? public health and more specifically the ethics of prevention policies? While the rationale for prevention seems obvious: to promote healthy behaviors, this evidence is only apparent. The prevention at stake of many personal, cultural, societal and collective values: the definition of "good health", the freedom, the justification of the intervention of the authorities in the private life, the equity, the social justice ... As many questions as the essential ethical reflection. Thus, prevention policies and tools can not overcome ethical questioning when we are interested in the subject of health behaviors, we seek to change the "habitus" of individuals, seats of their values and their cultures. These questions are necessary and can orient strategies more precisely and contribute to their acceptability and effectiveness among the populations. Or, this ethical reflection in the field is undeveloped in France, even though it has helped research and public action. Objective - The objective of this study was to characterize the consideration of an ethical reflection during the creation of the norm in public health through a study on preventive nutritional policies. Methods - To meet this objective, in three steps: 1) Analysis of the literature on normativity, 2) analysis of the literature on tools of ethical analysis in public health Nutrition policies: the texts relative to the PNNS 3 were analyzed and Stakeholders were interviewed to reconstruct the process of developing a public health policy and price analysis of ethics and human rights. Results-This multidisciplinary research has made it possible to highlight the different definitions and types of norms as well as the interest and opportunities of ethical questioning both in the normative process in prevention and in the process of health policy development public. Perspectives- The perspectives of this study are conceptual and practical: to illustrate the relationship between norms and values, and to develop a tool for analyzing ethical issues in public health plans
Lazès, Julie. "Conflictualité, distribution et instabilité macroéconomique. Comportements rentiers et modes de régulation en Argentine". Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0052.
Testo completoBourgeon, Jean-Marc. "Asymétries d'information et comportements stratégiques dans l'instrumentation de la politique agricole commune". Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100120.
Testo completoThe subject of this dissertation is the study of instruments that the European Union (EU), and more generally a government, may employ to regulate the agricultural sector. The framework is a static welfare analysis. Recent developments of this theory are stressed, particularly incentive mechanisms that are well-suited to contractual policies or tenders. Two European policies concerning production and retail of cereals are considered: an indirect policy to reduce the production by land retirement, the so-called "set-aside" policy, and the "export refunds", which are designed to enhance the European exports, and are partially tendered for. The first section is devoted to traditional welfare analysis. Modern developments of this theory applied to agricultural sector are exposed. The topic of the second section is mechanisms theory. In this section, the case of a general lack of information which mixes both adverse selection and moral hazard problems is presented. This case corresponds to the general problem of supply regulation. Particularly, the properties of threshold mechanisms are examined. The last section of this dissertation is devoted to two European agricultural policies. The first one is a supply reducing policy adopted by the EU at the end of the 80's and based on voluntary participation of acreage retirement. The second one concerns the sale of cereal stocks that are the property of the EU resulting from her policy on the European market
Therrien, Isabelle. "Application de la théorie de l'autodétermination aux comportements sexuels à risque (CSR) chez de jeunes adultes universitaires". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28027.
Testo completoLemyre, Alexandre. "Développement et validation d'une théorie de la fonction adaptative biologique des rêves". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69661.
Testo completoSeveral functions have been attributed to dreaming. Existing literature reviews on the theories of the function of dreaming are not exhaustive and contain few criticisms. The introduction of this thesis fills this gap in the literature by offering a critical review of contemporary theories of the function of dreaming. In light of this introduction, all existing theories present important limitations. The first chapter of this thesis is an article presenting a new theory of the function of dreaming: the Feeling Priming Theory (FTP). According to the FPT, the function of dreaming is to favor the motivation to avoid aversive anticipated events and to approach gratifying anticipated events. More specifically, it is suggested that a component of anticipated emotions – anticipated feelings – is reproduced in dreams. Upon awakening and during the day, these anticipated feelings would remain (pre)activated (primed) in memory. Consequently, anticipated emotions would exert a greater influence on avoidance and approach behaviors, mainly through an increase in the intensity of anticipatory feelings (i.e., feelings of fear or hope/desire). The second chapter of this thesis is an article presenting the development and use of a protocol aimed at testing hypotheses from the FPT. Sixty-four participants completed a logbook at home for a period that included two days with dream recall. Data were collected after waking up, after the morning routine, and before the bedtime routine. Participants reported their anticipated events, their degree of fear, desire and control over the anticipated events, the behaviors and decisions they adopted in relation to the anticipated events, the extent to which they thought about the anticipated events, and the similarity between their anticipated feelings and their dream feelings. The hypotheses were tested using linear and binary logistic mixed models. Fear toward an aversive anticipated event positively predicts the probability that the negative anticipated feeling associated with this anticipated event be reproduced in a dream. Experiencing this negative feeling in a dream positively predicts fear toward the aversive anticipated event on the next day, which in turn positively predicts the occurrence of an avoidance behavior. Furthermore, desire toward a gratifying anticipated event positively predicts the probability that the positive anticipated feeling associated with this anticipated event be reproduced in a dream. However, experiencing this positive feeling in a dream does not predict desire toward the gratifying anticipated event on the next day. Overall, the results from the validation study support part of the FPT. The conclusion of this thesis reviews the strengths and limitations of the proposed theory and the validation study. In the light of these strengths and limitations, potential avenues of research are explored. It is suggested that the FPT could serve as a basis for the development of a cognitive theory of dream production. Moreover, the empirical study could be replicated in a laboratory setting, which would allow to test the FPT in a controlled environment. Finally, the possibility of developing a new psychological treatment for nightmares based on the FPT is discussed. In summary, this thesis constitutes a major contribution to the dream literature. It presents a critical review of contemporary theories of the function of dreaming, proposes the FPT as an alternative to emotion regulation theories of dreaming, reports the results of an empirical study aimed at testing several hypotheses from the FPT, and demonstrates the relevance of this work for future theoretical, empirical, and clinical research.
Gagnon, Marie-Pierre. "L'impact des nouvelles thérapies pharmaceutiques de lutte contre le VIH sur l'abandon des comportements de prévention chez les jeunes en milieu collégial". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ44724.pdf.
Testo completoPatin, Bertille. "Maladie mentale et infection à VIH : étude psychosociale des représentations et des comportements en milieu psychiatrique : prise en charge, prévention et responsabilité". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0139.
Testo completoBrette, Olivier. "Un réexamen de l'économie "évolutionniste" de Thorstein Veblen : théorie de la connaissance, comportements humains et dynamique des institutions". Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/brette_o.
Testo completoThorstein Veblen is the main figure of institutionalism, a movement in economics which formed in the United States in the nineteen twenties. He develops a general theory of knowledge that constitutes the basis of a scientific project aiming at the elaboration of an "evolutionary" economics. Resting on a theory of human behaviour based on the concepts of instinct and habit, Veblen offers an analysis of institutional change which we interpret in terms of "emergent effects". Although most contemporary institutionalists claim to be his followers, a lot of them have de facto given up his scientific project, adopting a normative conception of economics that deals with socio-economic progress, thus following Clarence E. Ayres' approach. A restoration to favour of the Veblenian "evolutionary" economics is therefore needed in regards to the future of institutionalism
Bérubé, Stéphanie. "L'application de la théorie du comportement planifié aux comportements écologiques : une méta-analyse portant sur les modérateurs potentiels". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6144/1/030404071.pdf.
Testo completoCasanova, Clémence. "Nouvelle démarche méthodologique dans les armées françaises pour améliorer la prévention des comportements à risque pour la santé : exemple de la consommation d'alcool". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0767/document.
Testo completoAlcohol misuses can have negative social and health repercussions on a given population. In terms of professional risk, members of the French military must be particularly vigilant about alcohol, given some of the specificities of the profession of arms. This thesis was designed to propose a new methodological approach within French military in order to prioritize prevention focuses on alcohol misuses. To reach this objective, we relied on the one hand on a mixed methodology associating qualitative and quantitative methods which emphasizes on a pragmatic approach. On the other hand we relied on the theory of social representations, a robust tool for studying risky health behaviors. First, semi-structured exploratory interviews were conducted to identify the social representations of alcohol with a sample of military. In a second step, a questionnaire was implemented based on the results of the interviews. By focusing on the content and the organization of the discourses relating to alcohol, we were able to better define risky drinking practices of a French military population, and thus to propose preventive measures adapted to this specific population. Our methodological approach proves to be useful for the prevention and to be also innovative to understand a public health issue, as no researches on this subject have so far been carried out within the French Army Health Service
Ben, Nasr Houcem. "Application de la théorie motivation-protection en publicité ; le cas de la prévention contre la vitesse au volant". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8606.
Testo completoChen, Lin. "Comportements égoïstes et malveillants dans les réseaux sans fil : une approche basée sur la théorie des jeux non-coopératifs". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005356.
Testo completoChen, Lin. "Comportements malveillants et égoïstes dans les réseaux sans fils : une approche basée sur la théorie des jeux non-coopératifs". Paris, ENST, 2008. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00005356.
Testo completoThe last two decades have witnessed an unprecedented success of wireless networks due to the proliferation of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices. With such an explosive growth, the traditional paradigm of centralized, fixed networks can no longer satisfy the dramatically increasing demand for wireless services and connections, which poses imminent challenges on network management and control, among which security is a primary concern. The thesis introduces an axis of research where non-cooperative game theory is applied as a systematical framework to model and analyze selfish and malicious behaviors in wireless networks. The major contribution of the thesis lies in the modeling of selfish and malicious behaviors in wireless networks as well as the design of efficient protocols based on the modeling results to cope with them. The thesis is divided into two parts, respectively dedicated to selfish and malicious behaviors. More specifically, the thesis provides a comprehensive study on the following selfish and malicious behaviors under the non-cooperative game theoretic framework : - Selfish behaviors - MAC layer selfish behaviors in IEEE 802. 11 wireless networks - Non-cooperative power and rate control in IEEE 802. 11 wireless networks - Cooperative relaying in wireless networks with selfish users - Malicious behaviors - Intrusion detection in heterogeneous networks - Jamming attack in wireless networks and defense strategy - Multihop routing amid malicious attackers in wireless networks
Charles, Smith. "Conception d'un système expert pour l’étude de la sécurité incendie de bâtiments dans un contexte pluridisciplinaire". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0025.
Testo completoFire safety is a component of the technical function of a building. It is generally taken into account by the application of regulations. We propose a different method based on the search of risk factors and the best measures for their elimination. Our method is a systemic one which integrates knowledges about the technical, architectural and economic functions of the building. The works described concern: - a method of risk assessment based on belief-trees combining favourables and unfavourable probabilist hypotheses. - an expert-system for studying the fire safety of buildings providing two modes of expertise : one for the focalised studies, one for the more general expertise guided by a tasks scheduler. - a tool for developing large expert-systems managing many knowledge sources in natural language. - a knowledge elicitation method to enhance the knowledge engineer's performance by the anticipation of what knowledge to extract and how to proceed