Tesi sul tema "Théorie conforme des champs (CFT)"
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Di, Ubaldo Gabriele. "Modern Techniques in Gravity and the Structure of Holographic Conformal Field Theories". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP055.
Testo completoWe introduce a framework for quantifying random matrix behavior of 2d CFTs and AdS3 quantum gravity. We present a 2d CFT trace formula, precisely analogous to the Gutzwiller trace formula for chaotic quantum systems, which originates from the SL(2, Z) spectral decomposition of the Virasoro primary density of states. An analogy to Berry's diagonal approximation allows us to extract spectral statistics of individual 2d CFTs by coarse-graining, and to identify signatures of chaos and random matrix universality. This leads to a necessary and sufficient condition for a 2d CFT to display a linear ramp in its coarse-grained spectral form factor. Turning to gravity, AdS3 torus wormholes are cleanly interpreted as diagonal projections of squared partition functions of microscopic 2d CFTs. The projection makes use of Hecke operators. The Cotler-Jensen wormhole of AdS3 pure gravity is shown to be extremal among wormhole amplitudes: it is the minimal completion of the random matrix theory correlator compatible with Virasoro symmetry and SL(2, Z)-invariance. We call this MaxRMT: the maximal realization of random matrix universality consistent with the necessary symmetries. Completeness of the SL(2,Z) spectral decomposition as a trace formula allows us to factorize the Cotler-Jensen wormhole, extracting the microscopic object ZRMT(τ) from the coarse-grained product. This captures details of the spectrum of BTZ black hole microstates. ZRMT(τ) may be interpreted as an AdS3 half-wormhole. We discuss its implications for the dual CFT and modular bootstrap at large central charge
Kontoudi, Konstantina. "Hydrodynamique et intrication dans la correspondance AdS/CFT". Phd thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923581.
Testo completoEngoulatov, Alexandre. "La géométrie et la théorie conforme des champs". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112343.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with a Riemannian geometric question which is motivated by the problem of compactifying the moduli space of Conformal Field Theories (CFT). M. Kontsevich associates to a degenerating sequence of CFT's a limiting object which contains a Riemannian manifold M with nonnegative Ricci curvature, and its graph field theory. This amounts to a family of operators on tensor powers of the Hilbert space L^2(M), indexed by metric graphs. For instance, the operator attached to the graph with two vertices and one edge of length t is the heat semigroup P_t. The main result in the thesis is an a priori estimate of the norm of the gradient of the logarithm of the heat kernel on a compact Riemannian manifold, for short times, depending on the lower bound on Ricci curvature and on diameter only. The proof, which uses stochastic calculus, extends to certain semigroups satisfying curvature-dimension inequalities, in the sense of D. Bakry and M. Emery. Using J. Cheeger and T. H. Colding's structure results on limit spaces of such Riemannian manifolds, it is shown that the a priori estimate extends to these singular limit spaces. A compactness theorem for graph field theories associated with compact Riemannian manifolds satisfying a uniform lower bound on Ricci curvature follows
Friedrich, Roland. "Sur la théorie conforme des champs et les processus SLE". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112192.
Testo completoThis thesis explores the connections between a class of stochastic processes called "Stochastic Loewner Evolution" (SLE) and conformal field theory (CFT). We start first by recalling some important results which we utilise in the sequel, in particular the notion of conformal restriction and of the "restriction martingale", originally introduced by Lawler, Schramm and Werner. We also derive the radial Loewner equation, based on Hadamard's variational principle. This method is useful to generalise SLE to Riemann surfaces. Then we give an explicit construction of a link between SLE and the representation theory of the Virasoro algebra, in particular, we interpret the Ward identities in terms of the restriction property and the central charge in terms of the density of Brownian bubbles. Then we show that this interpretation permits to relate the K of the stochastic process with the central charge c of the conformal field theory. This is achieved by a highest-weight representation which is degenerate at level two, of the Virasoro algebra. We then proceed by giving a derivation of the same relations, but from the theoretical physics point of view. In particular, we explore the relation between SLE and the geometry of the underlying moduli spaces. In the final part of this work we outline a general construction which allows to construct random curves on arbitrary Riemann surfaces. The key to this is to consider the canonical operator [\frac{\kappa}{2} L^2_{-1} - 2L_{-2}] as the generator of a diffusion on an appropriate moduli space
Tauber, Clément. "Trois applications d'une approche géométrique à la théorie conforme des champs". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1047/document.
Testo completoThe thesis, consisting of three parts, is focusing on different physical problems that are related to two dimensional Conformal Field Theory (CFT).The first part deals with nonequilibrium transport properties across a junction of quantum wires. Three models are studied. The first one describes the wires by a free compactified bosonic field, seen as the bosonization of the Luttinger liquid of electrons. The junction of the wires is modeled by a boundary condition that ensures nontrivial scattering of the charges between the wires. Combining canonical quantization and functional integral, we compute exactly the current correlation functions in equilibrium, but also in a nonequilibrium stationary state, as well as the full counting statistics of charge and energy between the wires set at different temperatures and potentials. The two other models of quantum wire junction are based on Wess-Zumino-Witten theory (WZW). In the first one, the junction is described by a “cyclic brane” and in the second, by a “coset brane”. The results in the first case are as complete as for the free field, but the charges are fully transmitted from one wire to the next one. In the second case, the scattering is nontrivial, but the model turns out to be difficult to solve.The second part of the thesis studies the global gauge anomalies in “coset” models of CFT, realized as gauged WZW theories. The (almost) complete classification of such anomalies, that lead to some inconsistent coset models, is presented. It is based on Dynkin classification of subalgebras of simple Lie algebras.Finally, the third part of the thesis describes the geometric construction of index from unitary operator families obtained from valence band projectors of a two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulator. The index is related on one hand to the square root of the Wess-Zumino amplitude of such a family, and, on the other hand, it reproduces the Kane-Mele invariant of the insulator. The last identification requires a nontrivial argument that uses a new gauge anomaly of WZW models with boundary.The three parts of the thesis use similar geometrical tool of CFT, that permits to obtain several original results. The unity in the method, as well as the topic of anomalies, builds a bridge between the different components of the manuscript
Leurent, Sébastien. "Systèmes intégrables et dualité AdS/CFT". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066238.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of integrable quantum systems such as spin chains, bidimentional field theories and the AdS/CFT duality. This AdS/CFT duality is a conjecture, stated in the end of the last century, which relates (for instance) the non-perturbative regime of a superconformal gauge theory (called N=4 super Yang-Mills) and the perturbative regime of a string theory on a 10-dimensioonal space with the geometry AdS₅xS⁵. This thesis explores the similarities between integrable spin chains and quantum field theories, such as Super Yang Mills. We first study integrable spin chains and build explicitely a polynomial "Bäcklund flow" and polynomial "Q-operators", which allow to diagonalize the Hamiltonian. We then study integrable field theories et show how to obtain "Q-functions", analogous to the Q-operators built for spin chains. It turns out that several important informations are contained in the analytic properties of these Q-functions. That allows to obtain, in the framework of the thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz, a finite number of non-linear integral equations encoding the spectrum of the theory which we study. This system of equations is equivalent to an infinite system of equations, known as "Y-system", which had been quite recently conjectured in the case of the AdS/CFT duality
Remy, Guillaume. "Intégrabilité du chaos multiplicatif gaussien et théorie conforme des champs de Liouville". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE051/document.
Testo completoThroughout this PhD thesis we will study two probabilistic objects, Gaussian multiplicative chaos (GMC) measures and Liouville conformal field theory (LCFT). GMC measures were first introduced by Kahane in 1985 and have grown into an extremely important field of probability theory and mathematical physics. Very recently GMC has been used to give a probabilistic definition of the correlation functions of LCFT, a theory that first appeared in Polyakov’s 1981 seminal work, “Quantum geometry of bosonic strings”. Once the connection between GMC and LCFT is established, one can hope to translate the techniques of conformal field theory in a probabilistic framework to perform exact computations on the GMC measures. This is precisely what we develop for GMC on the unit circle. We write down the BPZ equations which lead to non-trivial relations on the GMC. Our final result is an exact probability density for the total mass of the GMC measure on the unit circle. This proves a conjecture of Fyodorov and Bouchaud stated in 2008. Furthermore, it turns out that the same techniques also work on a more difficult model, the GMC on the unit interval, and thus we also prove conjectures put forward independently by Ostrovsky and by Fyodorov, Le Doussal, and Rosso in 2009. The last part of this thesis deals with the construction of LCFT on a domain with the topology of an annulus. We follow the techniques introduced by David-Kupiainen- Rhodes-Vargas although novel ingredients are required as the annulus possesses two boundaries and a non-trivial moduli space. We also provide more direct proofs of known results
Giecold, Gregory. "Correspondance AdS/CFT et théories des champs à fort couplage". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112075.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we apply the gauge/string duality in its supergravity limit to infer some properties of field theories at strong coupling. Experiments at RHIC and at the LHC indeed suggest that the quark--gluon plasma behaves as one of the most perfect fluid ever achieved in any controlled experimental setup. Perturbative approaches fail at accounting for its properties, whereas lattice QCD methods face technical as well as conceptual difficulties in computing dynamical aspects of this new state of matter. As a result, the AdS/CFT correspondence currently is the best tool at our disposal for analytically modelling this phase of QCD. One of the contributions of this thesis amounts to deriving a stochastic Langevin equation for a heavy quark moving across a maximally supersymmetric Yang--Mills plasma at strong coupling. Even though this theory seems to describe in a surprisingly satisfactory way the high--energy, deconfined phase of QCD, it is also of much interest to try and search for a string theory dual making closer contact with QCD at lower energies. As such, the other main focus of this thesis deals with supergravity solutions of lesser supersymmetry, without conformal invariance and exhibiting confinement. We build for the first time the gravity dual to metastable states of such theories. In particular, we find the contribution from anti--branes to the inflation potential in some general scenario of string cosmology
Bélanger, Mathieu. "Études des fonctions de corrélation en théorie conforme des champs : transformation intégrale du développement en produit d'opérateurs". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38112.
Testo completoCorrelation functions in conformal eld theory can be expressed with the help of the operator product expansion. The latter contains all the necessary information to characterize those theories. This expansion has given rise to the bootstrap equations. The bootstrap program has led to interesting numerical results but analytic equivalents have yet to be found. Some recent results introduced the inversion formula to the operator product expansion which allows one to nd the conformal data for the correlation function. Those relations need the complete form of the correlation function which are not usually known. This renders those inversion formulas hard to use for the bootstrap program. Here, we propose an integral transformation of the operator product expansion that uses the inversion formula. This gives us a way to relate the conformal data of the different crossing symmetry channels. In the case of four identical scalar elds, this relation can be used as a recurrence relation in two and four dimensions. This might validate known results and also nd some new systems.
Hogervorst, Matthijs. "Two studies on conformal and strongly coupled quantum field theories in d>2 dimensions". Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0013/document.
Testo completoThis thesis investigates two aspects of Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) in d dimensions. Its rst part is devoted to conformal blocks, special functions that arise in the partial wave expansion of CFT four-point functions. We prove that these conformal blocks admit an expansion in terms of polar coordinates and show that the expansion coecients are determined by recursion relations. Conformal blocks are naturally dened on the complex plane: we study their restriction to the real line, and show that they obey a fourth-order dierential equation there. This ODE can be used to eciently compute conformal blocks and their derivatives in general d. Several applications to the conformal bootstrap program are mentioned. The second half of this thesis investigates RG ows that are dened by perturbing a CFT by a number of relevant operators. We study such ows using the Truncated Conformal Space Approach (TCSA) of Yurov and Zamolodchikov, a numerical method that allows for controlled computations in strongly coupled QFTs. Two dierent RG ows are considered: the free scalar feld deformed by a mass term, and 4 theory. The former is used as a benchmark, in order to compare numerical TCSA results to exact predictions. TCSA results for 4 theory display spontaneous Z2 symmetry breaking at strong coupling: we study the spectrum of this theory both in the Z2-broken and preserved phase, and we compare the critical exponents governing the phase transition to known values. In a separate chapter, we show how truncation errors can be reduced by adding suitable counterterms to the bare TCSA action, following earlier work in d = 2 dimensions
Isasi, Catalá Esteban. "Méthode de scission modulaire et symétries quantiques des graphes non-simplement lacés en théorie de champs conforme". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22033.pdf.
Testo completoThe first purpose of this thesis is to present a method of resolution for the modular splitting equation, this method allows to to determine the quantum symmetries of a conformal field theory. The formalism can be applied to solve the quantum symmetries problem associated to simply laced graphs (ADE of the SU2 family, or their generalization) which leads to some known results, in particular, the structure of the associated quantum groupoid. The second purpose of this thesis is to apply this technique to the more general framework of the non simply laced graphs in order to determine the algebras of the corresponding quantum symmetries, and to explore their properties. Several examples of this type are analyzed
Tidei, Carina. "G-structures projective et conforme et leur structure BRS". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22062.pdf.
Testo completoThis study proposes an innovation application of two concepts studied by the mathematical community, the k-frame bundle and the Cartan connection. On the one hand, the use os a special Cartan connection on the 2-frame bundle allows us to propose a generalization of the concept of Schwarzian derivative in arbitrary dimension for projective and conformal diffeomorphisms. On the other hand, we were albe to develop a BRS structure which reproduce infinitesimally the action of diffeomorphisms on gauge fields plus a curvature term. Hence, the notion of Cartan connection on the frame bundle of second order resolves a problem open since twenty years by A. M. Polyakov who obtains the action of diffeomorphisms (space-time summetry) from a gauge transformation (internal symmetry). The result was published and opens a new field of recherch. The space-times and internal symmetries can then be formalised thanks to the same formalism
Migliaccio, Santiago. "Conformal bootstrap in two-dimensional conformal field theories with with non-diagonal spectrums". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS362.
Testo completoConformal symmetry imposes very strong constraints on quantum field theories. In two dimensions, the conformal symmetry algebra is infinite-dimensional, and two-dimensional conformal field theories can be completely solvable, in the sense that all their correlation functions may be computed. These theories have an ample range of applications, from string theory to critical phenomena in statistical physics, and they have been widely studied during the last decades.In this thesis we study two-dimensional conformal field theories with Virasoro algebra symmetry, following the conformal bootstrap approach. Under the assumption that degenerate fields exist, we provide an extension of the analytic conformal bootstrap method to theories with non-diagonal spectrums. We write the equations that determine structure constants, and find explicit solutions in terms of special functions. We validate this results by numerically computing four-point functions in diagonal and non-diagonal minimal models, and verifying that crossing symmetry is satisfied.In addition, we build a proposal for a family of non-diagonal, non-rational conformal field theories for any central charges such that Re(c) < 13. This proposal is motivated by taking limits of the spectrum of D-series minimal models. We perform numerical computations of four-point functions in these theories, and find that they satisfy crossing symmetry. These theories may be understood as non-diagonal extensions of Liouville theory
Nguyen, Xuan Son. "Etude du comportement critique à l'aide de la théorie des champs conformes : des systèmes désordonnés aux systèmes couplés". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066238.
Testo completoRobertson, Niall. "Non-compact conformal field theory and lattice models - the open case Conformally invariant boundary conditions in the antiferromagnetic Potts model and the SL(2, ℝ)/U(1) sigma model Integrable boundary conditions in the antiferromagnetic Potts model". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS099.
Testo completoIt is well known that lattice systems undergoing second-order phase transitions are described by Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) in the continuum limit. This thesis revolves around the study of open critical lattice models and their descriptions in the continuum limit by boundary CFTs, and is particularly concerned with models whose CFT descriptions have certain exotic properties such as being non-compact, a property identified by the appearance of a continuum of critical exponents in the language of statistical mechanics, and by the appearance of a continuum of conformal dimensions in the language of CFT. Tools from integrability such as the Bethe Ansatz, as well as numerical techniques such as exact diagonalisation are used to move between the lattice and field theory descriptions of the models under consideration.Particular focus is applied to the Potts model at its antiferromagnetic critical point, so-called due to the sign of the coupling constant at this critical point. A starting point in the analysis presented here is that new conformal boundary conditions in the antiferromagnetic Potts model are found and are shown to result in the appearance of the discrete character of the Euclidean Black Hole CFT on the lattice. Further study involving the lattice algebra representation theory results in an identity relating this discrete character to the string functions from the parafermion CFT.Motivated by the potential to apply the tools of integrability, the antiferromagnetic Potts model - and in particular its description as a staggered vertex model - is shown to map exactly to an integrable model constructed from the so-called D_2^2 algebra. This paves the way for an exact solution of the antiferromagnetic Potts model with two independent conformally invariant boundary conditions, both of which have convenient interpretations when the problem is formulated as a loop model. The continuum limit of the model with one of these boundary conditions is found to be non-compact, and a boundary renormalisation group flow is observed from a non-compact boundary CFT to a compact one
Zhao, Xiang. "Aspects of conformal field theories and quantum fields in AdS". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAX103.
Testo completoThis thesis studies the structure and the space of conformal field theories (CFTs), and more generally various properties of conformal correlation functions. It extends into multiple directions, both perturbative and non-perturbative, local and non-local, with and without supersymmetry.The first aspect concerns the conformal correlation functions in d-dimensional spacetime and their relation to flat-space S-matrices in (d + 1)-dimensional spacetime. The connection is built up by considering a quantum field theory (QFT) in a fixed (d + 1)-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) background and sending the radius of the AdS curvature to infinity. That is, the central object to study is the flat-space limit of QFT in AdS. The analysis starts from taking the flat-space limit of the building blocks of Witten diagrams, namely the bulk-boundary and bulk-bulk propagators. This analysis leads to conjectural generic prescriptions to extracting flat-space physics from conformal correlators. Interestingly, the intuitional picture that a Witten diagram simply reduces to the corresponding Feynman diagram does not always hold and the origin of this discrepancy lies in the bulk-bulk propagators: they could have two different flat-space limits. One of the limits always exists and reduces to Feynman propagator, while the other, when present, diverges in the flat-space limit. This observation is tested by explicit examples, including four-point scalar contact, exchange and triangle Witten diagrams and the conjectures are expected to work whenever the scattering energy is large enough.The second aspect studies the classification problem of defect CFTs. The goal is to partially answer the question: given a bulk CFT and consistency conditions such as crossing symmetry and unitarity, what are the allowed conformal defects with a non-trivial coupling to the bulk? Analytic bootstrap techniques are applied to study a simplified version of this problem where in the bulk only a single free scalar field is considered. Analysis of various three-point functions among bulk and defect fields leads to the conclusion that almost all the n-point correlation functions of defect fields are completely fixed up to a potentially unfixed one-point function. This analysis also leads to an intermediate result in which it is proven that the n-point correlation functions of a conformal theory with a generalized free spectrum must be those of the generalized free field theory.The third aspect studies the interplay between analyticity in spin in CFTs and supersymmetry. Operator spectrum in a general unitary CFT is expected to be captured by a function analytic for spin L > 1, and the operators are organised into various Regge trajectories. The presence of supersymmetry in general extends the region of analyticity in spin. The 6d N = (2, 0) superconformal field theories (SCFTs) is considered as a concrete example, in which analyticity in spin is expected to hold down to L > -3. Detailed analysis of the four-point function of the the stress tensor supermultiplet uncovers an unexpected interplay between unprotected and protected multiplets: the stress tensor multiplet can be found on a long (unprotected) Regge trajectory when analytically continued to spin L = -2. In this study a general iterative bootstrap program is also established, which applies to all SCFTs that have a chiral algebra subsector
Kiefer, Flavien. "Condensation de tachyon dans le système brane-antibrane". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066225.
Testo completoIn superstring theory of type II, the separated brane-antibrane pair admits a bi-fundamental tachyon in its open string spectrum, for any separation less than the critical distance. The dynamics of this system would be described by the Garousi's effective action for any non-zero separation. Our study shows however that the domain of validity of this action only includes space-like tachyon condensation. Previous studies led by Bagchi and Sen showed that, in a partial sub-critical domain, exists a conformal field theory (CFT), which describes a dynamical condensation at static distance, called rolling tachyon. We show that this CFT actually exists on the whole tachyonic domain. Thanks to this demonstration, we prove that the domain of validity of Garousi's action excludes time-dependent tachyon condensation, and we justify the computation of the partition fonction along the rolling tachyon on the whole sub-critical domain. Using a method proposed by Kutasov and Niarchos, we determine a quadratic effective action for the tachyon and distance fields, at least valid in the whole tachyonic domain around the rolling tachyon solution. In addition, we studied the non linear sigma model of perturbative deformations along the rolling tachyon CFT. The beta-function of the renormalization group, that we obtained, are in good agreement with the equations of movement derived from the proposed quadratic effective action. This stands as an independent confirmation of its expression
De, Lacroix De Lavalette Corinne. "Gravité quantique à deux dimensions couplée à de la matière non-conforme". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066288/document.
Testo completoFinding a theory of quantum gravity describing in a consistent way the quantum properties of matter and spacetime geometry is one of the greatest challenges of modern theoretical physics. However after several decades of research, many conceptual and technical issues are still to be resolved. Insights on these questions can be given by simplified toy models that allow for exact computations. The first part of the thesis deals with two-dimensional quantum gravity. In two dimensions quantum gravity is much better understood and many computations can be carried out exactly. Whereas two-dimensional quantum gravity coupled to conformal matter has been widely studied and is now well understood, much less was known until recently when matter is non-conformal. First we compute the gravitational action for a massive scalar field on a Riemann surface with boundaries and then for a massive Majorana fermion on a manifold without boundary. The latter case corresponds to a CFT perturbed by a conformal perturbation and is usually tackled through the DDK ansatz, but the results do not seem to match. Finally we give a minisuperspace computation of the spectrum of the Mabuchi action, a functional that appears in the gravitational action for a massive scalar field. In the second part we focus on black hole thermal behaviour which provides a lot of insight of how a theory of quantum gravity should look like. In the context of string theory the AdS/CFT correspondence provides powerful tools for understanding the microscopic origin of black holes thermodynamics. We construct a quantum mechanical toy model based on holographic principles to study the dynamics of quantum black holes
Michéa, Sébastien. "Quelques applications des groupes de Lie de dimension infinie en systèmes de spins et en théorie topologique des champs". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS002.
Testo completoDelporte, Nicolas. "Tensor Field Theories : Renormalization and Random Geometry". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP011.
Testo completoThis thesis divides into two parts, focusing on the renormalization of quantum field theories. The first part considers three tensor models in three dimensions, a fermionic quartic with tensors of rank-3 and two bosonic sextic, of ranks 3 and 5. We rely upon the large-N melonic expansion of tensor models. For the first model, invariant under U(N)³, we compute the renormalization group flow of the two melonic couplings and establish the vacuum phase diagram, from a reformulation with a diagonalizable matrix intermediate field. Noting a spontaneous symmetry breaking of the discrete chiral symmetry, the comparison with the three-dimensional Gross-Neveu model is made. Beyond the massless U(N)³ symmetric phase, we also observe a massive phase of same symmetry and another where the symmetry breaks into U(N²) x U(N/2) x U(N/2). A matrix model invariant under U(N) x U(N²), sharing the same properties, is also studied.For the two other tensor models, with symmetry groups U(N)³ and O(N)⁵, a non-melonic coupling (the ``wheel") with an optimal scaling in N drives us to a generalized melonic expansion. The kinetic terms are taken of short and long range, and we analyze perturbatively, at large-N, the renormalization group flows of the sextic couplings up to four loops. While the rank-5 model doesn't present any non-trivial fixed point, that of rank 3 displays two real non-trivial Wilson-Fisher fixed points in the short-range case and a line of fixed points in the other. We finally obtain the real conformal dimensions of the primary operators bilinear in the fundamental field.In the second part, we establish the first results of constructive multi-scale renormalization for a quartic scalar field on critical Galton-Watson trees, with a long-range kinetic term. At the critical point, an emergent infinite spine provides a space of effective dimension 4/3 on which to compute averaged correlation fonctions. This approach formalizes the notion of a quantum field theory on a random geometry. We use known probabilistic bounds on the heat-kernel on a random graph. At the end, we sketch the extension of the formalism to fermions and to a compactified spine
Mokdad, Mokdad. "Champs de Maxwell en espace-temps de Reissner - Nordstr∫m- De Sitter : décroissance et scattering conforme". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0060/document.
Testo completoWe study Maxwell fields on the exterior of Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black holes. We start by studying the geometry of these spacetimes: we give the condition under which the metric admits three horizons and in this case we construct the maximal analytic extension of the Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole. We then give a general description of Maxwell fields on curves spacetimes, their decomposition into spin components, and their energies. The first result establishes the pointwise decay of the Maxwell field in the exterior of a Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole, as well as the uniform decay of the energy flux across a hyperboloid that recedes in the future. This chapter uses the vector fields methods (geometric energy estimates) in the spirit of the work of Pieter Blue. Finally, we construct a conformal scattering theory for Maxwell fields in the exterior of the black hole. This amounts to solving the Goursat problem for Maxwell fields on the null boundary of the exterior region, consisting of the future and past black hole and cosmological horizons. The uniform decay estimates of the energy are crucial to the construction of the conformal scattering theory
Isasi, Esteban. "Méthode de scission modulaire et symétries quantiques des graphes non-simplement lacés en théorie de champs comforme". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00393835.
Testo completoLe second objet de cette thése est d'appliquer cette technique dans le cadre plus général des graphes non simplement lacés afin de déterminer les algébres de symétries quantiques correspondantes, et d'explorer leurs propriétés. Plusieurs exemples de ce type sont analysés.
Granet, Étienne. "Advanced integrability techniques and analysis for quantum spin chains". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS239.
Testo completoThis thesis mainly deals with integrable quantum critical systems that exhibit peculiar features such as non-unitarity or non-compactness, through the technology of Bethe ansatz. These features arise in non-local statistical physics models such as percolation, but also in disordered systems for example. The manuscript both presents detailed studies of the continuum limit of finite-size lattice integrable models, and develops new techniques to study this correspondence. In a first part we study in great detail the continuum limit of non-unitary (and sometimes non-compact) super spin chains with orthosymplectic symmetry which is shown to be supersphere sigma models, by computing their spectrum from field theory, from the Bethe ansatz, and numerically. The non-unitarity allows for a spontaneous symmetry breaking usually forbidden by the Mermin-Wagner theorem. The fact that they are marginal perturbations of a Logarithmic Conformal Field Theory is particularly investigated. We also establish a precise correspondence between the spectrum and intersecting loops configurations, and derive new critical exponents for fully-packed trails, as well as their multiplicative logarithmic corrections. During this study we developed a new method to compute the excitation spectrum of a critical quantum spin chain from the Bethe ansatz, together with their logarithmic corrections, that is also applicable in presence of so-called ’strings’, and that avoids Wiener-Hopf and Non-Linear Integral Equations. In a second part we address the problem of the behavior of a spin chain in a magnetic field, and show that one can derive convergent series for several physical quantities such as the acquired magnetization or the critical exponents, whose coefficients can be efficiently and explicitely computed recursively using only algebraic manipulations. The structure of the recurrence relations permits to study generically the excitation spectrum content – moreover they are applicable even to some cases where the Bethe roots lie on a curve in the complex plane. It is our hope that the analytic continuation of such series might be helpful the study non-compact spin chains, for which we give some flavour. Besides, we show that the fluctuations within the arctic curve of the six-vertex model with domain-wall boundary conditions are captured by a Gaussian free field with space-dependent coupling constant that can be computed from the free energy of the periodic XXZ spin chain with an imaginary twist and in a magnetic field
Bordalo, Pedro. "Cordes et champs antisymétriques dans des espaces-temps courbes". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008396.
Testo completoSilva, Pimenta Leandro. "Aspects of Holographic Renormalisation Group Flows". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC204.
Testo completoOver the past twenty years the idea that gravity is holographic has become progressively concrete, materialised through the AdS/CFT correspondence, also known as the gauge/gravity duality. CFT stands for conformal field theory and in the correspondence it is a gauge-theory in the large N limit1. AdS stands for anti-de Sitter space-time, a maximally symmetric solution of Einstein’s equations with negative cosmological constant, it corresponds to the gravitational side of the duality. In some limits, theories on AdS with gravity in d + 1 dimensions can be mapped to CFTs without gravity in d dimensions and vice-versa, hence the name “duality”. Another term for the gauge/gravity duality is holographic duality. The term holography comes from the Greek words holos, “whole”, and graphe, “writing” or “drawing”. In physics, the term holography originates in optics, referring to the possibility of generating a 3-dimensional image as a projection from a bi- dimensional screen or film. In such a projection, despite of the fact that the film has one spatial dimension less than the projection, the film would contain all the information to recover the three-dimensional image. In the gauge/gravity duality, the gauge-theory behaves as a d-dimensional film which contains the same information as the (d + 1)-dimensional gravitational image. This analogy is reinforced by the fact that the duality relates the gravitational theory to the dual resulting quantum field theory (QFT) via boundary conditions of the fields living in the AdS bulk. In this sense, the gauge theory can be thought of as living at the boundary of AdS and the duality is also know as the bulk/boundary correspondence. One of the most important features of the correspondence is the mapping of a strongly coupled QFT into a weakly coupled gravitational theory and vice-versa. For this reason, in this thesis I will use a weakly coupled bulk theory to explore and identify non-perturbative features of QFT in the strong coupling regime. This thesis explores holography at zero and finite temperature. Our main concern are the CFTs in which scale invariance is either spontaneously or explicitly broken and the resulting QFT can be studied via the renormalisation group (RG). The profile of fields along the extra-dimension in the bulk is dual to renormalisation group flows in the QFT side (boundary), as the extra-dimension can be mapped to an energy scale. The mapping goes further by identifying bulk fields as dual to QFT running couplings, leading to the so-called holographic renormalisation group. With the holographic RG in what follows I will explore behaviours that are of an intrinsically non-perturbative nature from the QFT standpoint. The main results are as follows. At zero temperature, for a single coupling, we classified all possible solutions in our setup and identified three kinds of exotic flows corresponding to solutions reversing direction along the flow (bounces), flows skipping fixed points and solutions interpolating between minima of the potential. These results are generalised to many couplings at zero temperature. I also present a complete map between forms of the Hamilton's principal function and the gradient or non-gradient nature of the solutions. At finite temperature we considered a single coupling setup and explored the thermodynamics of the three kinds of above-mentioned exotic flows. We identified a phase transition between skipping and non-skipping solutions, a discontinuous free energy for a bouncing potential and the non-existence of a finite-temperature solutions for a chosen potential admitting a minimum-to-minimum solution
Florakis, Ioannis. "Théorie des Cordes et Applications Phénoménologiques et Cosmologiques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607408.
Testo completoJaverzat, Nina. "New conformal bootstrap solutions and percolation models on the torus Two-point connectivity of two- dimensional critical Q-Potts random clusters on the torus Three- and four-point connectivities of two-dimensional critical Q-Potts random clusters on the torus Topological effects and conformal invariance in long-range correlated random surfaces Notes on the solutions of Zamolodchikov- type recursion relations in Virasoro minimal models". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP062.
Testo completoThe geometric properties of critical phenomena have generated an increasing interest in theoretical physics and mathematics over the last thirty years. Percolation-type systems are a paradigm of such geometric phenomena, their phase transition being characterised by the behaviour of non-local degrees of freedom: the percolation clusters. At criticality, such clusters are examples of random objects with a conformally invariant measure, namely invariant under all local rescalings. Even in the simplest percolation model --pure percolation, we do not know how to fully characterise these clusters. In two dimensions, the presence of conformal symmetry has especially important implications. In this thesis we investigate the consequences of this symmetry on the universal properties of two-dimensional critical statistical models, by using a conformal bootstrap approach. The first part details the general implications of conformal invariance, by examining its consequences on correlation functions. Are addressed in particular the effects induced by the torus topology, applied in the second part to the study of specific statistical models. We also examine the analytic properties of correlation functions and present results on technical questions related to the implementation of numerical conformal bootstrap methods in two dimensions. The second part is devoted to the study of two specific families of critical long-range correlated percolation models: the random cluster Q-state Potts model and the percolation of random surfaces. We investigate the percolative properties of these models by studying the clusters connectivity properties, namely the probability that points belong to the same cluster. We find that the connectivities on a torus represent particularly interesting observables. By describing them as correlation functions of quantum fields in a conformal field theory, we obtain new results on the universality classes of these models
Huang, Yichao. "Chaos multiplicatif gaussien et applications à la gravité quantique de Liouville". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066623/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we study the theory of Liouville Quantum Gravity via probabilist approach, introduced in the seminal paper of Polyakov in 1981, using path integral formalism on 2d surfaces. To define this path integral with exponential interaction, we started from the theory of Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos in order to define exponential of log-correlated Gaussian fields. In the first part, we generalise the construction of Liouville Quantum Gravity on the Riemann sphere to another geometry, the one of the unit disk. The novelty of this work, in collaboration with R.Rhodes and V.Vargas, is to analyse carefully the boundary term in the path integral formalism and its interaction with the bulk measure. We establish rigorously formulae from Conformal Field Theory in Physics, such as conformal covariance, KPZ relation, conformal anomaly and Seiberg bounds. A relaxed Seiberg bound in the unit volume case of Liouville Quantum Gravity on the disk is also announced and studied. In the second part of this thesis, we compare this construction in the spirit of Polyakov to another approach to the Liouville Quantum Gravity. In collaboration with two other young researchers, J.Aru and X.Sun, we give a correspondance between these two approaches in a simple but conceptually important case, namely the one on the Riemann sphere with three marked points. Using technics coming from these two approches, we give a new way of regularisation procedure that eventually allow us to link these two pictures
Grijalva, Sebastian. "Boundary effects in quantum spin chains and Finite Size Effects in the Toroidal Correlated Percolation model". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP093.
Testo completoThis thesis is divided in two parts: The first one presents a 2D statistical model of correlated percolation on a toroidal lattice. We present a protocol to construct long-range correlated surfaces based on fractional Gaussian surfaces and then we relate the level sets to a family of correlated percolation models. The emerging clusters are then numerically studied, and we test their conformal symmetry by verifying that their planar-limit finite-size corrections follow the predictions of Conformal Field Theory. We comment also the behavior of three-point functions and provide a numerical code to reproduce the results.The second part of the thesis studies the quantum integrable XXZ spin-1/2 chain with open boundary conditions for even and odd number of sites. We concentrate in the anti-ferromagnetic regime and use the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz to determine the configurations that arise in terms of the boundary fields. We find the conditions of existence of quasi-degenerate ground states separated by a gap to the rest of the spectrum. We calculate the boundary magnetization at zero temperature and find that it depends on the field at the opposite edge even in the semi-infinite chain limit. We finally calculate the time autocorrelation function at the boundary and show that in the even-size case it is finite for the long-time limit as a result of the quasi-degeneracy
Couvreur, Romain. "Geometric lattice models and irrational conformal field theories". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS062.
Testo completoIn this thesis we study several aspects of two-dimensional lattice models of statistical physics with non-unitary features. This bottom-up approach, starting from discrete lattice models, is helpful to understand the features of the associated conformal field theories. They are non-unitary and often irrational, logarithmic or even non-compact. First, we study the problem of the entanglement entropy in non-unitary spin chains and its interpretation in loop models. We discuss the role of the effective central charge, a relevant quantity to study the next problems in this thesis. We then address two problems related to the Chalker-Coddington model, an infinite-dimensional supersymmetric chain important for the study of the plateau transition in the integer quantum Hall effect. Since the model has an infinite number of degrees of freedom, it has been proposed to study it with a series of truncations. We present new results based on this approach and extend this methodology to the case of Brownian motion in its supersymmetric formulation. Next, a new model is proposed to interpolate between class A and class C. The Chalker-Coddington model is a particular realisation of class A whereas class C, describing the physics of the spin quantum Hall effect, can be related to a model of percolation. This interpolating model provides an example of a RG-flow between a non-compact CFT and compact one. The last part of this thesis deals with the problem of classifying observables in lattice models with discrete symmetries. The process is illustrated on the Potts model and its symmetry under the group of permutations and previous results are extended for non-scalar operators. This approach is important to study indecomposability of non-unitary models and can be used to study models such as percolation in higher dimensions
Babenko, Constantin. "Fonctions à un point dans le modèle de sine-Gordon supersymétrique". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS040.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis addresses the problem of the calculation of the one point functions (1PF) in integrable two-dimensional quantum field theories. A method for their calculation has been developed in the context of the sine-Gordon Theory. The integrability of the model was used to build a basis of local operators to describe the six-vertex model. This basis, called fermionic, is interesting because the vacuum expectation values of its operators are expressed in terms of determinants and the fermionic structure can be extended to the continuous limit in order to characterize local operators in the CFT. In this thesis, we continue to work on this approach, aiming to generalize the fermionic basis to the supersymmetric sine-Gordon model (ssG). We derived scaling equations governing the thermodynamics of the ssG theory, reproducing the BLZ generating function. Then, we described the integrable structure of the ssG model using the fermion-current basis. We focused on the fermionic part and calculated its one point functions. These results were verified with a different approach based on the reflection relations
Le, Floch Bruno. "Correspondance AGT pour les opérateurs de surface". Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0008/document.
Testo completoThe sphere partition function of two-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories with four supercharges is computed exactly using supersymmetric localization. For some gauge theories, explicit expressions are found to match with correlators in the two-dimensional Toda conformal field theory. This fits into the AGT correspondence, which relates supersymmetric fourdimensionalgauge theories with eight supercharges to correlators in the Toda theory. More precisely, the two-dimensional gauge theories can be inserted along a surface in a four-dimensional theory, thus forming half-BPS surface operators: such an insertion corresponds to the addition of a particular local operator (a degenerate vertex operator) in the Toda correlator.This enriched correspondence has several consequences. On the one hand, symmetries of Toda correlators imply analogues of Seiberg and Kutasov–Schwimmer dualities for two-dimensional gauge theories with four supercharges. On the other hand, exact gauge theory results yield previously unknown data in the Toda theory. This leads to a concrete proposal for the Toda braiding kernel of two semi-degenerate vertex operators, which holds important information about four-dimensional S-duality
Couchoud, Nicolas. "D-branes et orientifolds dans des espaces courbes ou dépendant du temps". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008263.
Testo completoD-branes et éventuellement d'orientifolds dans des espaces courbes ou dépendants du temps. Notre étude vise à comprendre certains aspects des espaces courbes et dépendant du temps, notamment à cause de leur importance en cosmologie.
Le premier chapitre introduit quelques bases de la théorie des cordes.
Le deuxième chapitre étudie les cordes non orientées sur les groupes compacts SU(2) et SO(3) : après un rappel des résultats connus sur les D-branes dans ces espaces, nous présentons nos résultats sur la position des orientifolds et leur interaction avec les cordes ouvertes et fermées.
Le troisième chapitre étudie les D-branes dans certains fonds de type Ramond-Ramond, en utilisant la S-dualité qui les relie à des fonds de type Neveu-Schwarz, où on sait faire les calculs.
Le dernier chapitre considère les cordes sur une D-brane parcourue par une onde plane, et introduit les outils y permettant l'étude des interactions.
Ghosh, Jewel Kumar. "Aspects of Holographic Renormalization Group Flows on Curved Manifolds". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC071.
Testo completoThe Anti-de Sitter (AdS)/Conformal Field Theory (CFT) correspondence, also known as holographic duality, is a remarkable connection between string theory (which includes gravity) and gauge theories. It relates a CFT in a d-dimensional space-time to a gravity theory in higher dimensional space-time which is also referred to as the bulk. The latter has a boundary on which the conformal eld theory may be thought to reside. In this thesis, the subject of study is the holographic description of Renormalization Group (RG) fows of (field) theories on maximally symmetric space-times. The theoretical framework I used is Einstein-scalar theory. Inclusion of the dynamical scalar field corresponds to breaking boundary conformal invariance. In this work, both the boundary and bulk slices are chosen to be maximally symmetric space-times and the evolution of bulk fields is studied. It describes holographic RG flows on curved manifolds. Furthermore, two applications are presented in this thesis. The first application is in the context of F-theorems and the second is regarding a curved defect in the bulk holographic RG flows.F-theorems for Quantum Field Theories (QFT) defined on 3-dimensional space-times demand the existence of so-called F-functions. These are monotonically decreasing functions along the RG flow. In this work, new F-functions for holographic theories have been found which are constructed from the on-shell action of a holographic RG flow solution on a 3-sphere. They allow an entropic interpretation, therefore providing a direct connection between the entropic formulation of the F-theorem and its definition in terms of free energy. The second application of holographic RG flows explored in this thesis is in the context of models displaying a self-tuning mechanism as a proposed resolution of the cosmological constant (CC) problem. In these models, our 4-dimensional universe is realized as a brane embedded in a 5-dimensional bulk. This framework allows solutions where the brane geometry is flat despite of the presence of non-trivial vacuum energy on its worldvolume. This is referred to as self-tuning. On each side of the brane, the solutions are holographic RG flows. The new aspect introduced in this thesis is to use the holographic RG flows on curved manifolds, which in turn allows the study of self-tuning solutions where the brane is also curved
Candu, Constantin. "Discrétisation des modèles sigma invariants conformes sur des supersphères et superespaces projectifs". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494973.
Testo completoPetrovskii, Andrei. "Approches pour les corrélateurs à trois points en N = 4 super Yang-Mills". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS233/document.
Testo completoN=4 SYM theory has been drawing the attention of a lot of physicists during two last decades mainly due to the two aspects: AdS/CFT correspondence and integrability. AdS/CFT correspondence is the first precise realization of the gauge/string duality whose history starts in the 60's, when a string theory was considered as a candidate for describing the strong interactions. In 1997 Maldacena made a proposal about the duality between certain conformal field theories (CFT) and string theories defined on the product of AdS space and some compact manifold, which implies a one to one map between the observables of the gauge and string counterparts. Up to now AdS/CFT correspondence still remains a conjecture. The duality of N=4 SYM and the appropriate string counterpart is the most notable example of the AdS/CFT correspondence. One of the main obstructions to exploring it is the fact that weak coupling regime for the gauge theory is the strong coupling regime for the string theory and vice versa. Therefore as long as perturbative methods are applied, one can not compare the observables of dual counterparts directly apart from some specific cases. At this point the huge symmetry of N=4 SYM plays an important role allowing exact computation of the theory observables at least in the planar limit. This property of the theory is called integrability. The observables of the N=4 SYM are Wilson loops and correlation functions built out of gauge invariant operators. The space-time dependence of the two- and three-point correlators is fixed by the conformal symmetry up to some parameters: dimensions of the operators in the case of two-point functions and dimensions of the operators and structure constants in the case of three-point functions. It's commonly accepted to refer to the problem of finding the dimensions of the operators as the spectral problem. On the classical level the operator dimension is equal to the sum of the dimensions of the fundamental fields out of which the operator is composed. When the interaction is turned on, the conformal dimension gets quantum correction. In order to compute three-point functions, apart from the conformal dimensions of corresponding operators one needs to compute the structure constants. In CFT computation of the higher-point correlators eventually can be reduced to computation of two- and three-point functions by means of the operator product expansion. Therefore two- and three-point functions appear to be building blocks of any correlator of the theory. This thesis is devoted to computation of three-point functions and consists of two parts. In the first part we consider the general approach for computing three-point functions based on the so-called spin vertex, which is inspired from the string field theory. In the second part we consider a specific kind of three-point functions called heavy-heavy-light, which are characterized by the property that the length of one of the operators is much smaller the lengthes of other two. It happens that this kind of correlators can be considered as diagonal form factors which supposes that in this case one can apply the results obtained in the form factor theory
Berthiere, Clément. "Entanglement, boundaries and holography". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4017.
Testo completoThe entanglement entropy has had a tremendous and profound impact on theoretical physics, particularly since the last decade. First introduced in an attempt to explain black holes entropy, it has then found applications in a wide range of research areas, from condensed matter physics to quantum gravity, from quantum information to quantum field theory. In this exciting scientific context, the entanglement entropy has thus emerged as a useful and pivotal tool, and as such justifies the need to be intensively studied. At the heart of this thesis therefore lies the desire to better understand the entanglement entropy. Interesting developments during the recent years concern the boundary effects on the entanglement entropy. This dissertation proposes to explore the question of how the presence of spacetime boundaries affects the entropy, specifically in situations where the entangling surface intersects these boundaries. We present explicit calculations of entanglement entropy in flat spacetime with plane boundaries. We show that boundary induced terms appear in the entropy and we emphasize the prominent role of the boundary conditions. We then study the boundary contribution to the logarithmic term in the entanglement entropy in three and four dimensions. We perform the field theoretic computation of this boundary term for the free N = 4 super-gauge multiplet and then repeat the same calculation holographically. We show that these two calculations are in agreement provided that on the field theory side one chooses the boundary conditions which preserve half of the full supersymmetry and that on the gravity side the extension of the boundary in the bulk is minimal
Bois, Valentin. "Effets de la deuxième orbitale dans les systèmes unidimensionnels de fermions alcalino-terreux ultrafroids". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0946/document.
Testo completoExperimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) opened a new and rich field of investigation for the study of the cold atoms. In particular, the possibility of creating trapped fermionic gases in optical lattices represent one of the most important development for the condensed matter physics. This open the outlook of studying exotic and stabilized quantum phases in strongly correlated systems of electrons.Recently, alkline-earth or ytterbuim atomic gases have given rise to great interest and have been cooled down up to quantum degenaracy. The specific atomic structure of these systems confer them very high degrees of symetry, thanks to the decoupling beetwin the nuclear spin and the electronic angular momentum. An exotic physics which is only probe thanks to the strong fundament of the condensed matter.In this thesis, we propose to study the physical properties at low energy of a alkaline-earth-like fermionic gas, trapped in a one dimensional optical lattice. In one dimension, we are able to analyse effects of interactions in a non-pertubative way with conformal field theory or bosonization, and numerically with Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) approach. All of these tools will be used to provide the phase diagram of these alkaline-earth-like fermionic gases in one dimension
Jiang, Yunfeng. "Three-point functions in N=4 Super-Yang-Mills theory from integrability". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066395.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of three-point functions of N=4 Super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in the planar limit by using integrability. N=4 SYM theory is conformal invariant at quantum level and is believed to be completely solvable. By the AdS/CFT correspondence, it is dual to the type IIB superstring theory on the curved background AdS5×S5. The three-point functions are important quantities which contain essential dynamic information of the theory.The necessary tools in integrability and the existing methods of computing three-point functions are reviewed. We compute the three-point functions in the higher rank SU(3) sector and obtain a determinant representation for one special configuration, which allows us to take the semi-classical limit. By exploring the relation between long-range interacting spin chain and inhomogeneous XXX spin chain, we develop a new approach to compute three-point functions in the SU(2) sector at one-loop and obtain a compact result. In the Frolov-Tseytlin limit, this result matches the result at strong coupling.We also explore new formulations of the three-point functions. In one formulation inspired by the light-cone string field theory, we constructed the spin vertex, which is the weak coupling counterpart of the string vertex for all sectors at tree level. Another formulation which is related to the form factor boostrap program in integrable field theory is reviewed. At weak coupling, we study the finite volume dependence of a special type of three-point functions which are related to the diagonal form factors
Mercat, Christian. "Analyse Complexe Discrète". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439782.
Testo completoDupic, Thomas. "Application des théories conformes étendues à des problèmes de physique statistique". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS260.
Testo completoThe study of critical phenomena in two-dimensional statistical physics is mainly performed with the help of conformal field theory and integrable models. The relationship between these two formalisms is an active field of research, particularly in the framework of the so-called non-rational theories. This thesis is focused on certain critical systems described by an extended conformal theory : a theory that presents additional symmetries. The first problem studied is the fully packed loop model (FPL). Loop models are non-local statistical models based on the description of assembly of polymers. In particular, they represent the interfaces formed by spin models. The FPL model is integrable and its spectrum reflects an underlying symmetry Uq(sl(3)). The link between this model and the W3 symmetry, a conformal symmetry extended by a three-dimensional field, is studied in detail, numerically (by exact diagonalization) and analytically. The relationship with loop models leads to the study of the non-scalar operator content of the W3 theory. The second problem concerns the calculation of entanglement in unidimensional quantum systems. In this context, the preferred object of study is the entropy of entanglement between a subsystem and its complement. For the fundamental state of a spin chain, the behaviour of this entropy as a function of the size of the subsystem is a clear marker of the criticality of the chain. In this manuscript, a new way of calculating these entropies in critical models is presented. It is based on conformal theories extended by a symmetry called orbifold. This method is particularly applicable to entropies of excited states or disjointed subsystems
Stephan, Jean-Marie. "Intrication dans des systèmes quantiques à basse dimension". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112308.
Testo completoIn recent years, it has been understood that entanglement measures can be useful tools for the understanding and characterization of new and exotic phases of matter, especially when the study of order parameters alone proves insufficient. This thesis is devoted to the study of a few low-dimensional quantum systems where this is the case. Among these measures, the entanglement entropy, defined through a bipartition of the quantum system, has been perhaps one of the most heavily studied, especially in one dimension. Such a quantity is usually very difficult to compute in dimension larger than one, but we show that for a particular class of wave functions, named after Rokhsar and Kivelson, the entanglement entropy of an infinite cylinder cut into two parts simplifies considerably. It can be expressed as the Shannon entropy of the probability distribution resulting from the ground-state wave function of a one-dimensional quantum system. This dimensional reduction allows for a detailed numerical study (free fermion, exact diagonalizations, \ldots) as well as an analytic treatment, using conformal field theory (CFT) techniques. We also argue that this approach can give an easy access to some refined universal features of a given wave function in general.Another part of this thesis deals with the study of local quantum quenches in one-dimensional critical systems. The emphasis is put on the Loschmidt echo, the overlap between the wave function before the quench and the wave function at time t after the quench. Because of the commensurability of the CFT spectrum, the time evolution turns out to be periodic, and can be obtained analytically in various cases. Inspired by these results, we also study the zero-frequency contribution to the Loschmidt echo after such a quench. It can be expressed as a simple overlap -- which we name bipartite fidelity -- and can be studied in its own right. We show that despite its simple definition, it mimics the behavior of the entanglement entropy very well. In particular when the one-dimensional system is critical, this fidelity decays algebraically with the system size, reminiscent of Anderson's celebrated orthogonality catastrophe. The exponent is universal and related to the central charge of the underlying CFT
Roussillon, Julien. "Fonctions de Painlevé et blocs conformes irréguliers". Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4006/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to solve several connection problems and describe asymptotic properties of Painlevé V and I functions. In the case of Painlevé V equation, we approach these problems by developing a new toolbox based on two dimensional conformal field theory. We propose to compute irregular conformal blocks of the first and second kind by confluence of regular Virasoro conformal blocks. One consequence of this construction is the solution of the connection problem for Painlevé V equation between 0 and +i∞. Formulas for the relative normalizations (connection constants) of Painlevé V tau function between 0, +∞, and +i∞ are also proposed. Finally, the full asymptotic expansion of the tau function at short distances for generic monodromy data is proved. This result is obtained by constructing a Fredholm determinant representation for the tau function. In the case of Painlevé I equation, we present connection constants relating asymptotics of the tau function on the five canonical rays at infinity. This result is obtained by extending the definition of the Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno differential to the space of monodromy data. These connection constants are expressed in terms of dilogarithms of cluster type coordinates on the space of Stokes data
Palcoux, Sébastien. "Série discrète unitaire, caractères, fusion de Connes et sous-facteurs pour l'algèbre Neveu-Schwarz". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514234.
Testo completoJacobsen, Jesper Lykke. "Frustration and disorder in discrete lattice models". Phd thesis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002136.
Testo completoLes transitions de phase en présence de désordre sont moins bien comprises que celles des systèmes purs. Afin de résoudre une
controverse dans la littérature, nous étudions l'effet du désordre gelé dans les systèmes qui subissent une transition de phase du premier ordre, dans le contexte du modèle de Potts à q états. Pour q grand, une transformation au modèle d'Ising en champ aléatoire est introduite. Cette transformation donne une simple explication physique de l'absence de chaleur latente en deux dimensions et elle suggère l'existence d'un point tricritique en dimension plus élevée, avec un exposant de corrélation lié à celui du modèle en champ aléatoire. Un diagramme de phase unifiant les comportements pur, percolatif et aléatoire est proposé.
En deux dimensions nous analysons le modèle avec l'aide de la théorie conforme des champs et nous trouvons une transition continue avec un exposant magnétique \beta/\nu qui varie continûment avec q, et un exposant de corrélation \nu ~ 1.
Pour q > 4, la transition du premier ordre du modèle pur est rendue continue grace aux impuretés et la classe d'universalité est différente de celle du modèle d'Ising pur. Comme attendu, les fonctions de corrélation démontrent des lois d'échelle multiples.
SECONDE PARTIE : Polymères compacts sur le réseau carré.
Des résultats exacts pour la statistique conformationnelle des polymères compacts sont dérivés à partir d'un modèle de deux espèces de boucles vivant sur le réseau carré. Ce modèle de boucles possède une variété bidimensionnelle de points fixes critiques, chacun caractérisé par une infinité d'exposants critiques géométriques. Nous calculons ces exposants exactement en utilisant l'équivalence du modèle de boucles à un modèle d'interface multidimensionnel. Ce dernier est décrit, dans la limite continue, par une théorie de champs conforme du type Liouville. Les polymères compacts sont identifiés avec un point particulier dans le diagramme de phase, et la valeur de l'exposant conformationnel \gamma = 117/112 est supérieure à la prédiction de champ moyen, indiquant une répulsion entropique entre les deux extrémités de la chaîne. Des polymères compacts avec une interaction non locale sont décrits par une ligne de points fixes le long de laquelle \gamma varie continûment.
Granet, Etienne. "Advanced integrability techniques and analysis for quantum spin chains". Thesis, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS239/document.
Testo completoThis thesis mainly deals with integrable quantum critical systems that exhibit peculiar features such as non-unitarity or non-compactness, through the technology of Bethe ansatz. These features arise in non-local statistical physics models such as percolation, but also in disordered systems for example. The manuscript both presents detailed studies of the continuum limit of finite-size lattice integrable models, and develops new techniques to study this correspondence. In a first part we study in great detail the continuum limit of non-unitary (and sometimes non-compact) super spin chains with orthosymplectic symmetry which is shown to be supersphere sigma models, by computing their spectrum from field theory, from the Bethe ansatz, and numerically. The non-unitarity allows for a spontaneous symmetry breaking usually forbidden by the Mermin-Wagner theorem. The fact that they are marginal perturbations of a Logarithmic Conformal Field Theory is particularly investigated. We also establish a precise correspondence between the spectrum and intersecting loops configurations, and derive new critical exponents for fully-packed trails, as well as their multiplicative logarithmic corrections. During this study we developed a new method to compute the excitation spectrum of a critical quantum spin chain from the Bethe ansatz, together with their logarithmic corrections, that is also applicable in presence of so-called ’strings’, and that avoids Wiener-Hopf and Non-Linear Integral Equations. In a second part we address the problem of the behavior of a spin chain in a magnetic field, and show that one can derive convergent series for several physical quantities such as the acquired magnetization or the critical exponents, whose coefficients can be efficiently and explicitely computed recursively using only algebraic manipulations. The structure of the recurrence relations permits to study generically the excitation spectrum content – moreover they are applicable even to some cases where the Bethe roots lie on a curve in the complex plane. It is our hope that the analytic continuation of such series might be helpful the study non-compact spin chains, for which we give some flavour. Besides, we show that the fluctuations within the arctic curve of the six-vertex model with domain-wall boundary conditions are captured by a Gaussian free field with space-dependent coupling constant that can be computed from the free energy of the periodic XXZ spin chain with an imaginary twist and in a magnetic field
Feverati, Giovanni. "Systèmes intégrables quantiques. Méthodes quantitatives en biologie". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557526.
Testo completoEon, Sylvain. "Équations différentielles issues des vecteurs singuliers des représentations de l'algèbre de Virasoro". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7900.
Testo completo