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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "The Power of Prompts"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 29 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "The Power of Prompts"

Wei, Jing, Sungdong Kim, Hyunhoon Jung e Young-Ho Kim. "Leveraging Large Language Models to Power Chatbots for Collecting User Self-Reported Data". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8, CSCW1 (17 aprile 2024): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3637364.

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Large language models (LLMs) provide a new way to build chatbots by accepting natural language prompts. Yet, it is unclear how to design prompts to power chatbots to carry on naturalistic conversations while pursuing a given goal such as collecting self-report data from users. We explore what design factors of prompts can help steer chatbots to talk naturally and collect data reliably. To this aim, we formulated four prompt designs with different structures and personas. Through an online study (N = 48) where participants conversed with chatbots driven by different designs of prompts, we assessed how prompt designs and conversation topics affected the conversation flows and users' perceptions of chatbots. Our chatbots covered 79% of the desired information slots during conversations, and the designs of prompts and topics significantly influenced the conversation flows and the data collection performance. We discuss the opportunities and challenges of building chatbots with LLMs.

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Kędzia, Paweł, Maciej Piasecki, Ewa Rudnicka e Konrad Przybycień. "Automatic Prompt System in the Process of Mapping plWordNet on Princeton WordNet". Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, n. 13 (21 giugno 2015): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2013.008.

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Automatic Prompt System in the Process of Mapping plWordNet on Princeton WordNetThe paper offers a critical evaluation of the power and usefulness of an automatic prompt system based on the extended Relaxation Labelling algorithm in the process of (manual) mapping plWordNet on Princeton WordNet. To this end the results of manual mapping – that is inter-lingual relations between plWN and PWN synsets – are juxtaposed with the automatic prompts that were generated for the source language synsets to be mapped. We check the number and type of inter-lingual relations introduced on the basis of automatic prompts and the distance of the respective prompt synsets from the actual target language synsets.

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Wang, Fengxiang, Wanrong Huang, Shaowu Yang, Qi Fan e Long Lan. "Learning to Learn Better Visual Prompts". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, n. 6 (24 marzo 2024): 5354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i6.28343.

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Prompt tuning provides a low-cost way of adapting vision-language models (VLMs) for various downstream vision tasks without requiring updating the huge pre-trained parameters. Dispensing with the conventional manual crafting of prompts, the recent prompt tuning method of Context Optimization (CoOp) introduces adaptable vectors as text prompts. Nevertheless, several previous works point out that the CoOp-based approaches are easy to overfit to the base classes and hard to generalize to novel classes. In this paper, we reckon that the prompt tuning works well only in the base classes because of the limited capacity of the adaptable vectors. The scale of the pre-trained model is hundreds times the scale of the adaptable vector, thus the learned vector has a very limited ability to absorb the knowledge of novel classes. To minimize this excessive overfitting of textual knowledge on the base class, we view prompt tuning as learning to learn (LoL) and learn the prompt in the way of meta-learning, the training manner of dividing the base classes into many different subclasses could fully exert the limited capacity of prompt tuning and thus transfer it power to recognize the novel classes. To be specific, we initially perform fine-tuning on the base class based on the CoOp method for pre-trained CLIP. Subsequently, predicated on the fine-tuned CLIP model, we carry out further fine-tuning in an N-way K-shot manner from the perspective of meta-learning on the base classes. We finally apply the learned textual vector and VLM for unseen classes.Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets validate the efficacy of our meta-learning-informed prompt tuning, affirming its role as a robust optimization strategy for VLMs.

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Zhang, Chenrui, Lin Liu, Chuyuan Wang, Xiao Sun, Hongyu Wang, Jinpeng Wang e Mingchen Cai. "PREFER: Prompt Ensemble Learning via Feedback-Reflect-Refine". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, n. 17 (24 marzo 2024): 19525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i17.29924.

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As an effective tool for eliciting the power of Large Language Models (LLMs), prompting has recently demonstrated unprecedented abilities across a variety of complex tasks. To further improve the performance, prompt ensemble has attracted substantial interest for tackling the hallucination and instability of LLMs. However, existing methods usually adopt a two-stage paradigm, which requires a pre-prepared set of prompts with substantial manual effort, and is unable to perform directed optimization for different weak learners. In this paper, we propose a simple, universal, and automatic method named PREFER (Prompt Ensemble learning via Feedback-Reflect-Refine) to address the stated limitations. Specifically, given the fact that weak learners are supposed to focus on hard examples during boosting, PREFER builds a feedback mechanism for reflecting on the inadequacies of existing weak learners. Based on this, the LLM is required to automatically synthesize new prompts for iterative refinement. Moreover, to enhance stability of the prompt effect evaluation, we propose a novel prompt bagging method involving forward and backward thinking, which is superior to majority voting and is beneficial for both feedback and weight calculation in boosting. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our PREFER achieves state-of-the-art performance in multiple types of tasks by a significant margin. We have made our code publicly available.

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Chan, Janet. "Unusual Suspects". Surveillance & Society 21, n. 3 (24 settembre 2023): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v21i3.16102.

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The use of artificial intelligence in facial recognition systems has been controversial. Among issues of concerns is the accuracy of such systems for recognising faces of non-white people. This work turns the debate on its head by showing six images of AI generated faces using identical prompts that include the words “Asian woman” and “facial recognition biometrics person technology” via Text 2 Dream in Deep Dream Generator. Rather than investigating the level of accuracy in facial recognition systems, it demonstrates how a particular AI software creates visual representation of “Asian women.” The experiment explores the interaction between text (prompt) and a particular generative algorithm. It raises questions about the data on which the algorithm is trained, how images are labelled/interpreted in training data, and the underlying power AI algorithms have in reproducing/changing stereotypes. Not transparent to the viewers is the role of the artist in selecting/framing prompts and “starter” images.

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Shafie, Latisha Asmaak, Aidura Aiyub e Nurul Alia Nafis Najmi. "EXPLORING THE POWER OF GENERATIVE AI: ENHANCING BUSINESS EMAIL WRITING SKILLS FOR L2 LEARNERS". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices 7, n. 25 (30 giugno 2024): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijemp.725017.

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L2 learners at higher education often face difficulties in writing business emails in English, which hinder effective workplace communication and academic success. Therefore, higher education institutions should educate their learners about business email literacy. This study analysed how thirty-one business degree Malay students at a public university in Malaysia utilized generative AI tools for composing business emails. These participants presented their reflection investigation on the application of generative AI in business email writing for their group class assignment for English for Business Communication. This study's research approach included a qualitative document analysis on PowerPoint presentation slides of the participants, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings reveal three themes emerged from the study; Theme 1: Preferred generative AI, Theme 2: Optimising generative AI prompts for business email writing, and Theme 3: Ethical usage of AI. Theme 1 has three sub-themes; user friendliness, relevant business contexts and quality generated texts. The results showed that all groups had different AI tools due to their personal choices. Theme 2 has two sub-themes; prompts for external email and prompts for internal email. The participants used generative AI tools for idea expansion and paraphrasing. These L2 learners also wrote specific prompts for different types of email. Two emerging sub-themes of Theme 3 are writing assistance and best practices on ethical usage of generative AI. The participants stressed the significance of understanding plagiarism and effectively using generative AI tools. Learners should be educated on intellectual property and ethical AI tool usage. Higher education institutions should integrate these tools into their courses to enhance business email writing skills and prepare students for AI-driven workplaces, fostering ethical and effective usage.

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Thibert, Dawn Louise, e Thivvia Ragunathan. "The Transformational Power of Expressive Writing". Murmurations: Journal of Transformative Systemic Practice 5, n. 2 (19 dicembre 2022): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.28963/5.2.6.

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In this paper we write about our collaboration setting up and running expressive writing groups, which became workshops, in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health service in a National Health Service in London. Thivvia was a psychiatry core trainee on placement and Dawn the lone family therapist. The idea for the group arose during lockdown when we were in the office, and in a chance corridor conversation, we discovered we shared a love of journalling and poetry. Dawn related this to narrative therapy ideas, which resonated well with Thivvia’s cultural storytelling traditions. Creativity sparked between us and together we were able to navigate the power structures in the service and evidence base discourses to get management permission to do this. Thivvia drew on her knowledge of poetry to create prompts to facilitate others to write creatively as a form of self-expression. In this writing, We write in a poetic style congruent with the poetic expression being developed in the workshops. We practice and write with decolonising intent, differentiating our voices, so that our separate nuances can come through as a resistance to dominant white western academic co-writing practices of seeking consensus, which can drown out alternative ways of knowing. Dawn reflects on the decolonial stance she actively adopts to support Thivvia’s instinctive storytelling and ways of knowing that had been suppressed by her medical training. We reflect on the experience throughout, include some of the poems we created and conclude by encouraging others to be bold in bringing in creative practices, offering suggestions of prompts to use to encourage expressive writing.

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Wilkinson, Krista M., e Mary Ann Romski. "Responsiveness of Male Adolescents With Mental Retardation to Input From Nondisabled Peers: The Summoning Power of Comments, Questions, and Directive Prompts". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, n. 5 (ottobre 1995): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3805.1045.

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The expressive communication of individuals with cognitive impairments may be directly influenced by a partner’s input, because such individuals often have limited conversational skills. Sequential analyses of dyadic interactions examined the effects of input by 32 normally developing adolescents on responses by male subjects with mental retardation whose communication modes included augmented communication. Results suggested that (a) verbal prompts in the form of questions were significantly more likely to receive responses from subjects with mental retardation than directive prompts, (b) comments were significantly more likely to receive responses from subjects with retardation than were directive prompts, when the nondisabled peer was male, and (c) male subjects with mental retardation were more likely to respond to input from male peers than from females. These data suggest that questions facilitate naturally occurring conversations but underscore the importance of evaluating gender-related effects on interaction involving persons with severe cognitive and communication impairments.

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Keenan, James. "Vulnerability, Conscience, and Integrity". De Ethica 8, n. 1 (14 maggio 2024): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/de-ethica.2001-8819.248110.

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This essay explores how vulnerability, understood not as precarity but as capacious responsiveness, much as the Philosopher Judith Butler identifies it, and recognition are key moral concepts that are prior conditions for the expression of conscience. Appreciating Thomas Aquinas' argument that conscience is neither a power or a habit, but rather an act, the essay argues that Aquinas' inclination synderesis, that prompts us to the good and away from evil, functions in a way similar to vulnerability. Fundamentally, vulnerability prompts us to recognize the neighbor who needs our response.

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Campbell, Elaine. "The Emotional Life of Governmental Power". Foucault Studies, n. 9 (1 settembre 2010): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i9.3057.

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This paper explores the emotional life of governmental power through the affective domains of confidence and respect in criminal justice, in the context of a climate of insecurities and uncertainties with existing modes of governance. The paper problematises some of the key tenets of the governmentality thesis and questions its core assumptions about forms of rationality, processes of subjectivation and the conditions of possibility for ethical conduct. It also prompts us to reconsider the tenets of contemporary neo-liberal governance, its “rationalities of rule,” technologies and apparatuses, how these work to capture hearts as well as minds, and how these may promote an “emotionalised” art of government such that we might properly speak of “emotionalities of rule.”

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Tesi sul tema "The Power of Prompts"

Salequzzaman, Md. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh?" Thesis, Salequzzaman, Md. (2004) Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/286/.

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Tidal power is a clean renewable energy. Furthermore, electricity is acknowledged as a key need for development. However, until recently, due to high capital costs and extensive environmental concerns, few tidal power plants are operative around the world. These problems are now being mitigated by the application of appropriate, modern practices and technologies. In particular the use of small scale technologies, innovative financing and the involvement of local communities creates the potential for tidal power to be a tool in coastal development. This thesis examines the appropriateness of tidal power in the rural coastal community of Bangladesh, where electricity demand is a major development problem. Coastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, especially from cyclones, tidal surges and the effects of global warming on sea-level rise. Consequently, most of this coastal area has been protected by embankments and sluice gates, which can accommodate the normal tidal head rise and fall. The potential of tidal power to use this infrastructure, together with its associated problems and mitigation measures, have been analysed by comparing existing and potential tidal power technologies around the world, including a proposed Kimberley tidal power project in Western Australia. The research has identified that a significant amount of power could be produced from the tidal range of coastal Bangladesh by using the simple low-cost technology of tidal wheels in the tidal embankment sluice gates. The electricity produced could be utilised by various coastal interests, such as agriculture, shrimp aquaculture and other resource producing activities. However, the real benefits of this technology are that it can be applied in a way that simultaneously enables the development of local infrastructure and the improvement in living conditions of the local people by creating income generation and employment opportunities in these coastal communities. The thesis puts forward a community based co-management model as a means of effectively integrating tidal power in coastal area management in Bangladesh.

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Salequzzaman, Md. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh? /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040428.151218.

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au, Salek@central murdoch edu, e M. D. Salequzzaman. "Can Tidal Power Promote Sustainable Integrated Coastal Development in Bangladesh?" Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040428.151218.

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Salequzzaman, M. D. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh?" Salequzzaman, M.D. (2004) Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/286/.

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Salequzzaman, Md. "Can tidal power promote sustainable integrated coastal development in Bangladesh?" Connect to this title online, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040428.151218.

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Saleminik, Motahareh. "Power of Napping`Designing a Tool to Promote Napping Behavior’". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595848274679832.

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Thornton, Katherine C. (Katherine Claire). "Minimum carbon tax level needed to prompt a widespread shift to nuclear power". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41687.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-50).
Carbon dioxide is suspected to be a major contributor to global warming. In the United States, nearly 70% of electricity is produced using coal or natural gas, both of which emit carbon dioxide into the environment. Nuclear power, which does not emit any carbon dioxide, produces 17% of the electricity consumed in the United States. In order to persuade utilities to switch from coal or natural gas to nuclear power and thus reduce carbon dioxide emissions, a carbon tax should be implemented. Depending on the cost of construction for new nuclear plants and the level of savings that will incentivize utilities to switch, the carbon tax needed to promote nuclear power will range between $20/tC and $200/tC. The full range of carbon tax scenarios are developed in this thesis, with the most likely carbon tax being $1 10/tC. This cost assumes a $1800/kw capital construction cost and a 10% risk perception premium on the bus bar cost of power to address the financial and industry community's somewhat negative perception of nuclear investments. From a policy perspective, this carbon tax will be more effective in causing utilities to move to nuclear power than a cap and trade policy. From a utility standpoint, switching to nuclear power under a carbon tax is less expensive than implementing a program of carbon capture and sequestration.
by Katherine C. Thornton.
S.B.

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Schwartz, David. "Harnessing Power: Exploring Citizen's Use of Networked Technologies to Promote Police Accountability". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35338.

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In this examination of citizen surveillance, I engage with Foucaultian and Deleuzian conceptualizations of surveillance, power, resistance, control, and desire, to explore the motivation(s) of community members who film and disseminate footage of the police. Methodologically, I conducted semi-structured interviews with community stakeholders to study the latent thematic ideas embedded in their responses. These themes represent the underlying motivational factors a citizen surveiller may have when filming the police. In my analysis of these themes, I explore: citizen surveillers’ logic for resisting power; citizen surveillers’ understandings of power; and, citizen surveillers’ reported approaches to both passive and active forms of resistance. Subsequently, there appears to be an underlying desire for power and a resistance to power when filming the police. However, given the exploratory nature of this study, there is a need to continue investigating the theoretical and under substantiated claims about citizen surveillance and its association with race, gender and socio-economic status.

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DeCanio, Samuel. "On the Autonomy of the Democratic State: How Mass Democracy Promotes State Power". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218519180.

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Bakhtiari, Babak. "The Challenges of Feed-in Tariff Law as a Policy Instrument to Promote Wind Power in Iran". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-23068.

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This study was carried out with the aim of finding out the challenges towards Feed-in Tariff law instrument in order to promote renewable energy in Iran. The targets of the study were chosen among authorities and investors in the field of wind energy. Wind power was selected as the case study because of its more popularity among investors. Qualitative research design was used to conduct the study and semi-structured interviews served as the method. Although there were a few studies done with the focus on renewable energy challenges in Iran, however, none of them focused on the challenges through Feed-in Tariff law. The results show that the law's long administrative process, lack of communication between authorities and investors, and rather low remuneration rate are the barriers to promote renewable energy in Iran. Furthermore, lack of financial assistance and imposed political and economical sanctions against Iran play an important role in this regard.

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Libri sul tema "The Power of Prompts"

Geva-May, Iris. What prompts health care policy change?: On health care policy and political power contests : a comparative study : Israel and Canada. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Halbert Centre for Canadian Studies, 1999.

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Parikh, Pooja Seth. Harnessing consumer power: Using certification systems to promote good governance. Washington, D.C: Environmental Law Institute, 2003.

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Dave, Greely, a cura di. Online broadcasting power: Create and promote radio stations on the Internet. Cincinnati, OH: Muska & Lipman, 2000.

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Winrock International (Organization : Kathmandu, Nepal) e National Workshop on Sharing Hydropower Royalty (2005 : Kathmandu, Nepal), a cura di. Reorienting the distribution and use of hydropower royalty to promote equity and justice: Proceedings of a National Workshop on Sharing Hydropower Royalty. Kathmandu: Winrock International, 2006.

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Beals, Melba. Expose yourself: Using the power of public relations to promote your business and yourself. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1990.

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Jones, Susan Smith. The healing power of naturefoods: 50 revitalizing superfoods & lifestyle choices to promote vibrant health. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2007.

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White, Peter. Pictures & power: A youth work project to promote children's rights and develop individuals' awareness and skills. Leicester: Youth Work Press, 1995.

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White, Peter. Pictures & power: A youth work project to promote children's rights and develop individuals' awareness and skills. Leicester: Youth Work Press, 1995.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "The Power of Prompts"

Kozak, Kathryn J. "Theorizing on Social Justice and Power". In Helping to Promote Social Justice, 55–71. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003055587-5.

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Woodville, Louisa. "Mary Tudor: Royal Castilian Images Promote Tudor Legitimacy and Power". In Queenship and Power, 97–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35688-9_5.

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Toosi, Fereshteh. "Oil Ancestors: Relating to Petroleum as Kin". In To the Last Drop - Affective Economies of Extraction and Sentimentality, 281–96. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839464106-015.

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In this essay, artist Fereshteh Toosi discusses their multimodal project Oil Ancestors which addresses the intricate relationship humans have with petroleum. Through the artworks described in this essay, the author proposes a paradigm shift in perceiving non-living entities such as petroleum as kin. Drawing from non-Western contemplative practices and Indigenous philosophies that honor intergenerational welfare, Oil Ancestors prompts sentimental reflection about petrocultures and reverence for the extensive temporal processes shaping substances like petroleum. Oil Ancestors employs the power of arts and culture to foster affective connections to geological history and the far-reaching repercussions of extraction.

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Poudineh, Rahmatallah, Craig Brown e Benjamin Foley. "Current Support Policies to Promote Offshore Wind Power". In Economics of Offshore Wind Power, 65–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66420-0_5.

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Wilcox, Alison. "Prompts". In Descriptosaurus Personal Writing, 39–44. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003215653-7.

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Herold-Blasius, Raja. "Prompts". In Essener Beiträge zur Mathematikdidaktik, 25–34. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32292-2_4.

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Fewsmith, Joseph, e Nancy Hearst. "The Opinion That Henceforth We Should Not Promote New Rich Peasants Is Incorrect 1". In Mao's Road to Power, 251. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315719436-104.

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Broadfoot, Patricia, Alison Oldfield, Rosamund Sutherland e Sue Timmis. "Seeds of Change: The Potential of the Digital Revolution to Promote Enabling Assessment". In The Enabling Power of Assessment, 373–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5902-2_23.

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DiPrince, Dawn, e Cheryl Miller Thurston. "Writing Prompts". In Unjournaling, 3–67. 2^a ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003278559-2.

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Robinson, Davis. "Short Prompts". In A Practical Guide to Ensemble Devising, 61–81. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-46156-8_4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "The Power of Prompts"

Dong, Hanjiang, Jizhong Zhu e Chi-yung Chung. "Prompts of Large Language Model for Commanding Power Grid Operation". In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004187.

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Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT can assist people’s general workflows, where the prompt is necessary to inspire the potential of LLMs to solve problems from specified or professional domains like robotics. In the electrical engineering subject or the electric power utility industry, experienced operators and professional experts monitor power grid operation statuses and interact with the grid via human commands on the screen, and components in the grid execute the commands to keep the complex grid safe and economical operation. In this process, human experts edit commands to operate the corresponding software. Human commands are the natural language that the LLM can process. The power grid is composed of generation, transmission, distribution, and other components. Therefore, we redesign the human-computer interaction frame between practitioners and the grid via recurrent prompts to apply the LLM to generate computer programming instructions from the multi-step natural language commands. The programming instruction is executed on system components after being confirmed or revised by human experts, and the quality of generated programs will be gradually improved through human feedback. The idea of this study is originally inspired by studies on controlling individual robotic components by ChatGPT. In the future, we will apply the designed prompt templates to drive the general LLM to generate desired samples which could be used to train an LLM professional in the domain knowledge of electrical engineering to operate multiple types of software for power grid operators.

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Li, Quan, Xike Xie, Chao Wang e S. Kevin Zhou. "Prompt Learning with Extended Kalman Filter for Pre-trained Language Models". In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/492.

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Prompt learning has gained popularity as a means to leverage the knowledge embedded in pre-trained language models (PLMs) for NLP tasks while using a limited number of trainable parameters. While it has shown promise in tasks like sentiment classification and natural language inference, generating suitable prompts for PLMs, as opposed to human prompts, remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduce an abstraction of the prompt learning process using an extended Kalman filter. Our approach, called Conditional Extended Kalman Filter based on Neural Networks (CEKFNN), effectively infers more appropriate prompt tokens by enhancing the classic extended Kalman filter with PLM's contextual representation power. Specifically, CEKFNN learns transition and emission functions from PLM embeddings of input sentences to infer latent prompt tokens. We refine CEKFNN using an alternate-training approach, retraining a PLM's emission function with prompt tokens inferred by prompt models (PMs), as well as the initial and transition functions. PLM's output labels assist in PMs' training. When updating the pre-trained language model (PLM), we use an adapter approach with few trainable parameters, leaving PLM parameters frozen. We evaluate CEKFNN across open-source PLMs, demonstrating performance improvements over state-of-the-art methods while using a limited number of trainable parameters. It shows that CEKFNN performs on-par or better than fine-tuning, which requires updating all parameters in the PLM.

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Low, Pui Leng. "Nondestructive Package Level Fault Isolation of Multichip Power Module". In ISTFA 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2023p0436.

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Abstract Government regulations focused on reducing carbon footprint are driving the widespread adoption of cleaner and more energy-efficient electric vehicles (EV/HEV). As electric vehicles continue to be adopted widely, the power electronics market has experienced tremendous growth. To achieve better thermal, electrical, and lifetime reliability, novel processes and advanced materials are frequently assessed, incorporating high temperature/pressure conditions. Given the high safety requirements for vehicles, a reliable power electronics construction is critical. The generic trend in power electronics prompts the evaluation of a robust non-destructive failure analysis technique at the component-level. Scanning acoustic tomography (SAT) stands out as one of the most effective nondestructive tools for conducting failure analysis of the semiconductors. This technique proves valuable for visualizing defect characteristics, including their morphology, location, and size distribution prior to any destructive physical testing. Furthermore, SAT also exhibits a remarkable capability to detect delamination at sub-micron levels. In this paper, one of the most prominent methods of SAT, the “Tomographic Acoustic Micro Imaging” (TAMI) is capable to inspect the sample subsurface layer by layer simultaneously with an excellent penetration of the ultrasonic waves while scanning the material surface. The objective of current work is to detect the defect and localize the defect, nondestructively. The choice of methodologies, such as the structure of device under test, transducer selection and gate setting will be elaborated further in further sections.

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Tilliette, Z. P., F. O. Carre e E. Proust. "Flexibility and Adaptability of Closed Brayton Cycles Associated With Low Power Level Space Nuclear Heat Sources". In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-164.

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A feature of the French preliminary studies of space nuclear power systems of about 20 kwe is the selection of the closed Brayton cycle as the conversion subsystem. As examples of future applications of turbogenerators in space, near or longer term U.S. and Soviet projects are mentioned, including technical advances expected in this field. Several nuclear reactors concepts can be proposed now or in the future. The need for a satisfactory adaptation between the heat source and the converter prompts to further investigate the Brayton cycle capability for that purpose. For instance, a long lifetime thermal spectrum reactor would require a relatively low inlet temperature for moderator thermal conditioning. Cycle configurations featuring one or two separate radiators and possible intercooling are presented. Such arrangements imply a main low temperature radiator made, for instance, of multiple, pivoting tubes. It is shown that the Brayton cycle can offer flexibility and adaptability for a wide range of space missions.

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Charrouf, Marwan, e Allen Williams. "Thermal and Fluid Analysis of Test Canister for Spent Nuclear Fuel". In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16244.

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Abstract The absence of a long-term solution for the storage of spent nuclear fuel prompts utilities in the United States to establish on-site storage for used fuel. The challenges associated with placement of spent fuel in dry cask storage on the power plant’s Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations (ISFSI’s) include aging management of the stainless steel canisters and monitoring for the possible onset of stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) has initiated a test program to examine the effects of heat generation variations inside a test canister using an electric heater rather than spent fuel on the shell temperatures. The test helps in the evaluation of external environmental factors and shell temperature, and to monitor for SCC. This paper presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling developed in support of the test to analyze the air natural circulation in the subgrade enclosure and within the test canister with the electrical heating. The thermal analysis is performed using ANSYS CFX and integrally simulates the flow behavior and heat transfer mechanisms both inside and outside the test canister. Comparison of results from different heat loads that represent the decay heat time-profile, sensitivity to the turbulence model, and modes of heat dissipation are discussed. The CFD results are also compared to in-situ temperature measurements to validate the analysis.

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Daniele, S., P. Jansohn e K. Boulouchos. "Flashback Propensity of Syngas Flames at High Pressure: Diagnostic and Control". In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23456.

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Nowadays, the establishment of IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) plants, prompts a growing interest in synthetic fuels for gas turbine based power generation. This interest has as direct consequence the need for understanding of flashback phenomena for premixed systems operated with H2-rich gases. This is due to the different properties of H2 (e.g. reactivity and diffusivity) with respect to CH4 which lead to higher flame speeds in the case of syngases (mixtures of H2-CO). This paper presents the results of experiments at gas turbine like conditions (pressure up to 15 bar, 0.2 < Φ < 0.7, 577K < T0 < 674K) aimed to determine flashback limits and their dependence on the combustion parameters (pressure, inlet temperature and inlet velocity). For the experimental facility used for this work the back propagation of the flame is believed to happen into the boundary layer of the fuel/air duct. Flashback propensity was found to have an appreciable dependence on pressure and inlet temperature while the effects of inlet velocity variations are weak. Explanations for the dependence on these three parameters, based on consideration on laminar and turbulent flame speed data (from modeling and experiments), are proposed. Within the frame of this work, in order to avoid major damages, the experimental facility was equipped with an automatic control system for flashback described in the paper. The control system is able to detect flame propagation into the fuel/air supply, arrest it and restore safe operating conditions by moving the flame out of the fuel/air section without blowing it out. This avoids destruction of components (burner/mixing) and time consuming shut downs of the test rig.

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Xinglei, Hu. "Experiment and Mechanism Study on the Effect of Coal Ash on the Capture of Alkali Metals in Zhundong Coal". In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3570.

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A large number of Xinjiang Zhundong coal was found in China. Its high content of alkali metals can cause serious fouling/slagging problems which may lead to economic losses. It is significant to control the release of alkali metals from Zhundong coal during the combustion. Si-Al additives are used to capture Na released from the Zhundong coal. In this work, a combination of experimental research and quantum chemical calculation was used to study the effect of coal ash on the capture of alkali metal in Zhundong high alkali Coal and the related mineral evolution mechanism during melting processes. The experiments were done with Zhundong coal/coal ash mixtures at 900–1200°C. The behavior mechanism of coal ash capturing alkali metals was analyzed from the perspective of mineral microstructure features by using XRD, ICP and quantum chemical calculation methods. The results show that during the process of combustions, complex chemical reactions occur among minerals after sodium is released from the coal and captured by the coal ash. The coal ash’s ability to capture sodium in Zhundong high alkali coal rises firstly, and then gradually decreases with the rise of temperature. It shows the best capture performance for sodium at 1000∼1100°C. The maximum efficiency of sodium absorption can reach to 50.6%. The coal ash shows a rather high efficiency compared with other additives. Furthermore, metals in Zhundong coal have opposite directions of migration. The Na, K, Al, Ca, and Mg migrated to the coal ash far away from the reaction interface, and the Fe and Mn were moved to the coal from the reaction interface. The original minerals of Zhundong coal mainly include calcium sulfate hydrate, quartz and kaolinite. Investigating the capture mechanism, it indicates that O (26) and O (22) in kaolinite have electrophilic reaction with Na+ and K+ easily, which would promote the rupture of aluminum-oxygen bonds. The O2- of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide would easily have nucleophilic reaction with Si (6) and Si (8) and prompt the rupture of bridging oxygen bonds (Si-O-Si). Kaolinite would be transformed into some other minerals that contains Na+ or K+ which have trend to form eutectics or evaporate into the flue gas easily, the degree of fouling and slagging on heating surface can be reduced based on these two most easily reaction paths.

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Kidwell, Steven A. "Prompt Leak Detection for High Pressure Feedwater Heaters". In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26140.

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I. THE NEED. A. In high pressure feedwater heaters, a tube leak quickly claims several neighboring tubes as collateral victims. B. Prompt detection of the initial leak would save the neighboring tubes from damage and preclude a potential turbine water induction incident. II. EXAMPLE. A. A Midwest generating station replaced 12 old high pressure heaters. The new heaters contained 304N SS tubes. In one of the new heaters, an unknown localized contaminant caused a single tube leak within the first year. This single leak went undetected until several surrounding tubes were lost due to impingement from the initial leak. And even the conservatively sized normal and emergency drains were overwhelmed, causing the heater to trip on high level. III. CAPABILITY OF SMART LEVEL CONTROLS. A. There are three known possibilities that would cause high drain-flow conditions in a feedwater heater. 1. High Unit Load. 2. The upstream feedwater heater is out of service. 3. A tube leak. B. Traditional Local level controls can sense high flow conditions, but cannot tell why. Most systems will alarm the opening of the emergency drain valve, but by that time, the collateral tube damage is usually severe. “Smart” Level Controls have the capability to distinguish between these conditions, thus allowing it to give early notification of a tube leak, before collateral damage becomes severe.

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Dejun Zeng, Weidong Liu, Zi Ye, Jiaying Wang e Xianwen Xiu. "Helicopter power operation will promote the transformation of china's power grid development". In 2017 EPTC Power Transmission and Transformation Technology Conference. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2017.0554.

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Lester, Brian, Rami Al-Rfou e Noah Constant. "The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning". In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.243.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "The Power of Prompts"

Milkman, Katherine, John Beshears, James Choi, David Laibson e Brigitte Madrian. Following Through on Good Intentions: The Power of Planning Prompts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17995.

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Millán, Jaime. The Second Generation of Power Exchanges: Lessons for Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006812.

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Almost two decades after the beginning of the Chilean and English experiments in power sector reform and privatization, many other countries have adopted or are in the process of adopting a model that promotes competition in the wholesale power market that is based partly on the pioneering efforts of those two countries. Some countries which adopted the English model but whose systems are dominated by hydroelectric power found themselves constrained by a structure that did not apply to their particular situations. And now, England and Chile are themselves radically revising their power trading arrangements. This paper attempts to answer the questions: Does this mean that their systems failed and that the countries that adopted them should go on the alert and adjust their models?; Or does it mean that the experiment failed and that the opponents of reform and those who maintained that it was impossible to mount a competitive model in the wholesale electricity market were right? This paper looks at the structure of the power markets (first-generation and second-generation reforms) in Chile, England/Wales, Argentina, Norway, Colombia, Australia, the United States and Spain.

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Milkman, Katherine, John Beshears, James Choi, David Laibson e Brigitte Madrian. Using Implementation Intentions Prompts to Enhance Influenza Vaccination Rates. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, giugno 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17183.

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Hossain, Naomi, John Agbonifo, Martin Atela, John Gaventa, Euclides Gonçalves, Umair Javed, Neil McCulloch et al. Demanding Power: Do Protests Empower Citizens to Hold Governments Accountable over Energy? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.056.

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Energy protests are becoming increasingly common and significant around the world. While in the global North concerns tend to centre around climate issues, in the global South the concerns are more often with affordable energy. Both types of protests, however, have one issue in common: the undemocratic nature of energy policymaking. This paper draws together findings from research conducted in three countries, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan to ask how and under which conditions do struggles over energy access in fragile and conflict affected settings empower the powerless to hold public authorities to account? In exploring this theme, the study examines what factors support protests developing into significant episodes of contention within fragile settings, and whether these energy struggles promote citizen empowerment and institutional accountability.

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Arif, Sirojuddin, Risa Wardatun Nihayah, Niken Rarasati, Shintia Revina e Syaikhu Usman. Of Power and Learning: DistrictHeads, Bureaucracy, and EducationPolicies in Indonesia’s Decentralised Political System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/111.

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This paper examines the politics of education policies in a decentralised political system. Under what conditions does decentralisation promote learning-enhancing policies? Despite the numerous works that have been written on decentralisation and education, little is known about how politics influenced local education policies. To address this problem, this paper looks at the linkages between local politics, bureaucratic capacity, and the development of learning-enhancing policies in Indonesia’s decentralised political system. More specifically, it assesses how regional variation in the discretionary power of district heads over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy explains the variation in local education policies in four districts in Indonesia. The primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with political leaders, bureaucrats, district education councils, school principals, teachers, teacher organisations, parents, non-government and community-based organisations, journalists, academicians, and other relevant informants. Using Mill’s method of difference, the comparative analysis presented in this paper demonstrates that institutional constraints on the discretionary power of the district head over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy do matter for the development of learning-enhancing policies. Such constraints can pave the way for the development of the bureaucratic capacity required for governments to pursue learning-enhancing policies. Absent constraints on the discretionary power of district heads over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy, the extent to which districts implement learning-enhancing policies will depend on district heads’ commitment to student learning.

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Fan, Xiaoyuan, Sinan G. Aksoy, Qiuhua Huang, James P. Ogle, Dexin Wang, Ahmad Tbaileh e Tao Fu. Coordination of Transmission, Distribution and Communication Systems for Prompt Power System Recovery after Disasters:Report – Grid and Communication Interdependency Review and Characterization of Typical Communication Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1526728.

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Ayele, Seife, Wei Shen, Tadesse Kuma Worako, Lucy H. Baker e Samson Hadush. Renewable Energy Procurement in Ethiopia: Overcoming Obstacles in Procurement from Independent Power Producers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.064.

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Developing countries are increasingly using auctions for the procurement of utility-scale renewable electricity, due to the potential for attracting private investment. However, auction design and implementation can face serious obstacles due to complex context-specific factors. In 2017, Ethiopia launched its Public–Private Partnership (PPP) policy and procurement framework to promote infrastructure development, including electricity generation. Since 2018, it has organised renewable energy auctions to procure new capacity from independent power producers (IPPs). However, the new framework faces numerous challenges. Using a literature review and primary data from more than 70 interviews and from stakeholder consultations, this study explores the political economy challenges and opportunities facing IPP project preparation, decision-making, coordination and implementation, and risks to investors. To date, Ethiopia has held two rounds of tenders to procure 1,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity from eight projects; the first tender for two solar photovoltaic (PV) projects led to the signing of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and was hailed as one of the cheapest tariff rates in sub-Saharan Africa, at US$2.526 cents/kilowatt hour (kWh) over 25 years. However, none of the projects have yet become operational. This study also finds fault lines impeding the implementation of IPP projects, including the risk of foreign currency availability and convertibility of Ethiopian birr to expatriate profits. It proposes measures to overcome these obstacles and mitigate risks, to put Ethiopia on course to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030.

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Cassoni, Adriana, Gabriela Fachola e Gastón J. Labadie. The Economic Effects of Unions in Latin America: Their Impact on Wages and the Economic Performance of Firms in Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, settembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011250.

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This study examines the impact of unionization and the level of centralization in bargaining, at the level of the industry or the firm, on wages and on the economic performance of firms within the manufacturing sector in Uruguay, using a panel of establishments for the period 1988 to 1995. The main findings suggest that unionization increases wages and employment and promotes investment due to firms substituting labor by capital. Unions tend to organize in those plants with highest rates of profits, but promote increases in productivity and prevent profitability increases. Given the negative effect of unionization at the industry level on the rate of growth of profitability of firms, results also suggest that unions tended to organize and to be stronger in those sectors in which extra rents were higher due to monopoly power.

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KENTUCKY UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION LEXINGTON. Suspected Brucellosis Case Prompts Investigation of Possible Bioterrorism-Related Activity - New Hampshire and Massachusetts, 1999. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, giugno 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386432.

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Lopez, David, Mariana Weiss, José Francisco Pessanha, Karla Arias, Livia Gouvea e Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. The Effects of the Energy Transition on Power Sector Employment in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, febbraio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004715.

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The present study analyzes the relation between energy transition and the job creation potential in Latin America. It capitalizes on companies' characteristics to infer potential hiring process drivers in forthcoming years. The analysis is based on an econometric model on cross-sectional data to explain the dependent variable "potential hiring rate" depending on the firm's size (based on the number of clients), area of activity or technology, employees' level of education, and the existence of labor policies. The data came from 338 companies interviewed, including generation, transmission, distribution, energy transition services, oil and gas, and construction companies in six Latin American Countries (Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay). The econometric study focused on 135 companies that declared hiring new employees in the next year concerning the time they were interviewed. The results show that the smaller energy companies with a larger participation of a qualified workforce will tend to have a higher expected hiring rate in the forthcoming year, implying an inverse relationship between a firm's size and potential hiring rate. The model findings convey that as the workforce is compounded with more qualified employees, the higher the expansion of the company's labor force will be, particularly in renewable generation companies. There is an additional aspect worth considering about the factors behind the company's potential hiring rate, and it is the question of job quality. The results suggest that firms hiring more are those with a lower number of policies in place. It can be explained by the fact that more traditional companies tend to have better-established policies, such as hydrocarbon and utilities. These are not the companies with the highest increase in the workforce. This takeaway raises a discussion about whether a change in the job's quality is associated with the energy transition or if it is just associated with new entrants that will become traditional in the following years. Moreover, it also helps to explain some of the political economies of the labor market that may play a role in the energy transition process. Therefore, one of the present study's main takeaways is the need to analyze deeper and promote job quality in smaller energy companies.

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