Tesi sul tema "The finest gold"

De rättsliga regler som skyddar företagsspecifik information finns i lagen (1990:409) om skydd för företagshemligheter. Lagen innehåller en definition av begreppet företagshemlighet. Definitionen uppställer ett antal rekvisit som samtliga måste vara uppfyllda för att en information ska utgöra en företagshemlighet och därmed skyddas av lagen. En företagshemlighet omfattas av tystnadsplikt. Ett olovligt anskaffande, utnyttjande eller röjande av en företagshemlighet är i lagens mening ett angrepp på företagshemlighet som i vissa fall kan utlösa både straff- och skadeståndsansvar. I de allra flesta fall leder dock angrepp på företagshemligheter endast till skadeståndsansvar. Ansvarssubjekt kan enligt lagen vara affärspartners, arbetstagare, i vissa fall även f.d. arbetstagare samt andra som kommer i kontakt med en näringsidkares företagshemligheter. Den tystnadsplikt som åligger dessa kan vara avtalad eller underförstådd. Arbetstagares tystnadsplikt bygger ofta på den arbetsrättsliga lojalitetsplikten. I ett fåtal fall är tystnadsplikten reglerad i FHL. De gärningar som är kriminaliserade i lagen är företagsspioneri och olovlig befattning med företagshemlighet. I ett fåtal fall kan andra straffrättsliga regler bli aktuella. Straffansvar inträder oavsett om skada har uppkommit. Övrigt missbruk av företagshemligheter är skadeståndsgrundande i den mån skada har uppkommit.

Lagens skadeståndsregler utgör specialbestämmelser som ska tillämpas före bestämmelser i SkL och allmänna kontraktsrättsliga regler som endast har getts en kompletterande funktion. Ett undantag från denna principiella utgångspunkt är MBLs företräde framför FHL. Skadeståndsbestämmelserna i FHL har utformats efter förebild från dels immaterialrätten, dels arbetsrätten, särskilt MBL. Skadestånd enligt FHL kan således utgå både i form av ekonomiskt och allmänt skadestånd. Införandet av allmänt skadestånd har i förarbetena motiverats med de bevissvårigheter som kan uppstå när en näringsidkare ska styrka den ekonomiska skada som denne lidit. Tanken är att skadeståndet ska vara en verkligt effektiv sanktion. Genom att domstolarna utnyttjar möjligheten att utdöma allmänt skadestånd ska enligt förarbetena skadeståndet kunna sättas på en högre nivå än vad som skulle ha blivit fallet om endast ett ekonomiskt skadestånd kunnat dömas ut.

En studie av rättspraxis på området visar att domstolarna inte lever upp till de intentioner som lagstiftaren gett uttryck för i förarbetena. Genom att analysera ett flertal av de rättsfall som finns på området har jag kommit fram till att detta beror på avsaknaden av en uttrycklig minimiregel för bestämmandet av det ekonomiska skadeståndet. Förarbetena kan, enligt min mening, tolkas som att en sådan minimiregel varit lagstiftarens avsikt men att detta inte kommit att uttryckas tydligt. Min uppfattning är att denna brist på tydlig vägledning påverkar domstolarnas praxis på så sätt att utdömda skadestånd i vissa fall blir omotiverat låga. Problematiken är enligt min mening generell men den är särskilt påtaglig i de fall där en angripen näringsidkare misslyckas med att styrka att angrepp lett till ekonomisk skada. I de fallen har domstolarna endast dömt ut allmänt skadestånd. Bristen på klara hållpunkter för vad ett allmänt skadestånd är ersättning för och framför allt vilka belopp som kan utdömas skapar en rättsosäkerhet som borde vara lätt att åtgärda. Att införa en minimiregel efter mönster från immaterialrätten är mitt förslag på lämplig åtgärd inte minst med tanke på att detta rättsområde ligger närmast skyddet för företagshemligheter.

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Ao longo do tempo, o uso exagerado de corantes de cabelo, em forma geral, tem apresentado um grande crescimento, e dessa forma os compostos utilizados nessas formulações comerciais tem apresentado interesse, devido a que alguns deles possuem propriedades mutagênicas e carcinogênicas. Entre os corantes que se estudam encontra-se à 2-nitro-p-fenilenodiamina e a 4-nitro-o-fenilenodiamina, que são os utilizados nas formulações comerciais de corantes semipermanentes. O presente trabalho explora metodologias para a construção de sensores que apresentem sensibilidade e seletividade suficientes para a detecção de analitos utilizados na indústria cosmética de tintura para cabelo. O sensor para o corante 2-nitro-p-fenilenodiamina, que apresentou resultados mais promissores, foi construído usando uma superfície de ouro nano-estruturado, modificado com monocamadas de mercaptopropanossulfonato de sódio (MPS), para obter uma superfície com carga negativa, seguido das etapas de formação das multicamadas de quitosana, dodecil sulfonato de sódio (SDS) e ftalocianina de níquel (TsNiPc) obtidos pela técnica layer-by-layer (LBL) em forma alternada. A partir da otimização dos parâmetros, como pH (3,5), número de multicamadas (n = 10) e eletrólito suporte (tampão Britton-Robinson 0,1 mol L-1) foram escolhidas condições para obter o melhor desempenho do sensor. A resposta do sensor foi avaliada em batelada por voltametria de onda quadrada, e em fluxo por amperometria, obtendo limites de detecção de 1,2 ?mol L-1 e 1,3 ?mol L-1, respectivamente. Na aplicação do sensor, o valor de recuperação do corante em água de torneira propositalmente contaminada foi de 97%, e o valor encontrado em uma amostra comercial mostrou um erro de 4,5% em relação ao valor de referência.
Due to the indiscriminate use of hair dyes generally has shown a tremendous growth for a long time. The compounds used in their formulations have shown commercial interest, because some of these hair dyes have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Among these dyes that we studied are the 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, which are used in commercial formulations as semi-permanent hair dye. The present work explores methods to build sensors that have sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of analytes used in the cosmetic industry for hair dyes. The sensor for the 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, shows more promising results, which was constructed using a nanostructured gold surface modified with monolayers of sodium mercaptopropanossulfonato (MPS) to obtain a surface with a negative charge, followed by the steps for the formation of multilayer with chitosan, sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS), and nickel phthalocyanine (TsNiPc) obtained by the technical layer-by-layer (LBL) in alternating fashion. Some parameters such as pH (3.5), number of multilayers (n = 10) and supporting electrolyte (Britton-Robinson buffer 0.1 mol L-1), were optimized to obtain the best performance of the sensor. The sensor response was evaluated in batch by Square Wave Voltammetry and flow injection analysis, obtaining a detection limit of 1.2 ?mol L-1 and 1.3 ?mol L -1 respectively. For the application of sensors, the recovery of the analyte in a sample of tap water contaminated on the purpose was 97%, and the value found in a commercial sample showed an error of 4.5% in relation to the reference value.

Orientador: Maria del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor
Banca: Hebe de las Mercedes Villullas
Banca: Regina Massako Takeuchi
Resumo: Ao longo do tempo, o uso exagerado de corantes de cabelo, em forma geral, tem apresentado um grande crescimento, e dessa forma os compostos utilizados nessas formulações comerciais tem apresentado interesse, devido a que alguns deles possuem propriedades mutagênicas e carcinogênicas. Entre os corantes que se estudam encontra-se à 2-nitro-p-fenilenodiamina e a 4-nitro-o-fenilenodiamina, que são os utilizados nas formulações comerciais de corantes semipermanentes. O presente trabalho explora metodologias para a construção de sensores que apresentem sensibilidade e seletividade suficientes para a detecção de analitos utilizados na indústria cosmética de tintura para cabelo. O sensor para o corante 2-nitro-p-fenilenodiamina, que apresentou resultados mais promissores, foi construído usando uma superfície de ouro nano-estruturado, modificado com monocamadas de mercaptopropanossulfonato de sódio (MPS), para obter uma superfície com carga negativa, seguido das etapas de formação das multicamadas de quitosana, dodecil sulfonato de sódio (SDS) e ftalocianina de níquel (TsNiPc) obtidos pela técnica layer-by-layer (LBL) em forma alternada. A partir da otimização dos parâmetros, como pH (3,5), número de multicamadas (n = 10) e eletrólito suporte (tampão Britton-Robinson 0,1 mol L-1) foram escolhidas condições para obter o melhor desempenho do sensor. A resposta do sensor foi avaliada em batelada por voltametria de onda quadrada, e em fluxo por amperometria, obtendo limites de detecção de 1,2 μmol L-1 e 1,3 μmol L-1, respectivamente. Na aplicação do sensor, o valor de recuperação do corante em água de torneira propositalmente contaminada foi de 97%, e o valor encontrado em uma amostra comercial mostrou um erro de 4,5% em relação ao valor de referência.
Abstract: Due to the indiscriminate use of hair dyes generally has shown a tremendous growth for a long time. The compounds used in their formulations have shown commercial interest, because some of these hair dyes have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Among these dyes that we studied are the 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, which are used in commercial formulations as semi-permanent hair dye. The present work explores methods to build sensors that have sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of analytes used in the cosmetic industry for hair dyes. The sensor for the 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, shows more promising results, which was constructed using a nanostructured gold surface modified with monolayers of sodium mercaptopropanossulfonato (MPS) to obtain a surface with a negative charge, followed by the steps for the formation of multilayer with chitosan, sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS), and nickel phthalocyanine (TsNiPc) obtained by the technical layer-by-layer (LBL) in alternating fashion. Some parameters such as pH (3.5), number of multilayers (n = 10) and supporting electrolyte (Britton-Robinson buffer 0.1 mol L-1), were optimized to obtain the best performance of the sensor. The sensor response was evaluated in batch by Square Wave Voltammetry and flow injection analysis, obtaining a detection limit of 1.2 μmol L-1 and 1.3 μmol L -1 respectively. For the application of sensors, the recovery of the analyte in a sample of tap water contaminated on the purpose was 97%, and the value found in a commercial sample showed an error of 4.5% in relation to the reference value.
Mestre

Bakgrund: Kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) är en vanlig sjukdom som drabbar oftast äldre och rökare. Typiska symtom är andnöd, produktiv hosta, trötthet samt återkommande luftvägsinfektioner. Flera olika bidragande orsaker kan leda till att en KOL-patient utvecklar sjukdomen, bland annat rökning, luftföroreningar, socioekonomisk status, astma, genetik, luftvägsinfektioner och dålig kost. KOLpatienter drabbas oftast av försämringsperioder, så kallade KOL-exacerbationer. En KOL-exacerbation kan förekomma i olika grader: som mild, måttlig eller svår. Oavsett svårighetsgraden ges olika läkemedel för att minska frekvensen av exacerbationer och för att förbättra livskvaliteten hos en KOL-patient. Det finns olika tillgängliga läkemedel i dagsläget för att behandla både KOL och KOL-exacerbationer. I detta projektarbete granskades åtta tidigare studier för att undersöka effekten av peroral kortisonkur hos KOL-patienter med mild till måttlig KOL-exacerbation. Även undersöktes om peroral kortisonkur var en effektiv behandling för att minska exacerbationsfrekvens och därmed förbättra livskvaliteten samt hälsostatus hos KOLpatienter. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilken evidens som finns för peroral kortisonkur enligt GOLD 2019s rekommendation vid mild-måttlig KOL-exacerbation hos KOL-patienter i GOLD stadium B. Metod: En systematisk litteraturgenomgång gjordes enligt Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU) metoden. Databaserna PubMed och Cochrane library användes för att hitta relevanta artiklar för projektarbetet. Både randomiserade studier och systematiska översikter inkluderades i projektarbetet. Bedömning av relevans och kvalitet av artiklarna gjordes med hjälp av mallar från SBU. Resultat: Åtta artiklar inkluderades, av vilka två av hög kvalitet och resterande sex av godtagbar kvalitet. Artiklarnas resultat visade att det fanns evidens för att ge peroral kortisonkur till KOL-patienter med mild till måttlig KOL-exacerbation. Dessutom ger peroral kortisonkur positiv effekt med avseende på excerbationsfrekvens, andfåddhet, hälsostatus och livskvalitet. Risken/biverkningarna av peroral kortisonkur har inte tagit med i detta arbete. Slutsats: Slutsatsen för projektarbetet var att peroralt prednisolon ger effekt vid mild till måttlig KOL-exacerbation i GOLD stadium B och minskar exacerbationsfrekvens, förbättrar lungfunktion samt livskvalitet. En mer nyanserande evidenssammanställning hade kunnat göras om även riskerna med kortisonbehandling hade beaktats.

L'@amélioration des performances pour un sportif de haut niveau et du confort pour l'amateur nécessite des études concernant le matériel, son ergonomie et le geste associé. La démarche de recherche et développement dans le domaine du golf a pour objectif d'obtenir un modèle fiable qui prévoit le comportement du club durant le swing et à l'impact et permet de caractériser les interactions majeures entre le golfeur et son club. Le club est ici étudié dans son contexte d'utilisation, c'est à dire mis en mouvement par le golfeur. Les problèmes d'impact ne sont pas pris en compte. Les sensations du joueur sont associées aux notions d'accélération et d'effort et d'un point de vue scientifique, le problème s'inscrit dans le domaine dynamique non linéaire transitoire de structures flexibles en grands déplacements. La démarche mixte est basée sur une modélisation par la méthode des éléments finis couplée à la mesure des accélérations tridimensionnelles et des efforts internes du club, le swing étant représenté par un double pendule plan. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse des phénomènes et la validation du modèle numérique sont effectuées sur un robot de simulation reproduisant le swing d'un golfeur. Par la suite, le protocole d'essais est mené sur un golfeur professionnel. Une méthode originale d'identification temporelle des paramètres est utilisée. L'ensemble des analyses et des comparaisons des résultats numériques et expérimentaux permet d'obtenir une validation satisfaisante de la modélisation numérique du swing. Les écarts entre mesure et simulation, en termes d'efforts demeurent supérieurs aux écarts sur la cinématique. Les mesures originales effectuées sur golfeur ont permis d'analyser de manière précise un swing réel et de quantifier la notion de sensation. Cette étude a été menée en collaboration avec la société Taylor Made USA et avec le soutien du Groupement de Recherche pluridisciplinaire sur le sport du CNRS (GDR 1094)
Improvement to the performance for professional golfers and to the comfort of amateurs imply studies concerning the equipment, its ergonomy and the associated motion. The aim of the advanced scientific studies in the golf framework is to obtain a model able to predict the club behaviour during the swing and the impact and to characterize the major interactions between the golfer and his club. He re, the club is studied in the context of the game, i. E. Animated by the golfer. Impact problems are not taken into account. Golfer's feelings are associated to forces and accelerations. From a scientific point of view, the problem deals with nonlinear transient dynamics of flexible structures under large motion. The swing is modelled by a planar double pendulum. The mixed approach is based on the finite element method, coupled with the measures of the tridimensional accelerations and of the internal club forces. First, the analysis of the phenomenon and the reliability of the numerical model are performed using a robot which simulates the golfer's swing. Then, the experimental protocol is applied to a professional golfer. A temporal identification method allows the determination of parameters of the golfer's real swing. 8oth analysis and comparison of the experimental and numerical results lead to satisfactory validation of the numerical model of the swing. The discrepancies between measured and calculated forces are greater than for the kinematics. The measurements made with the golfer give a precise analysis of a real swing and a better quantification of the golfer's feelings. The Taylor Made Golf Company, USA, collaborated in this work. It was also supported too by the pluri disciplinarian Research Group on sports of the CNRS (GDR 1094), France

Införandet av de nya redovisningsstandarderna IAS/IFRS som tillkommit för harmonisering av Europas redovisningsregler har lett till förändringar i de svenska bolagens redovisning. En av dessa är behandlingen av goodwill samt immateriella tillgångar vid förvärv. Goodwillvärdet ska inte längre skrivas av utan endast skrivas ned vid behov. Företagen ska årligen genomföra ett nedskrivningstest för att undersöka om ett sådant behov föreligger. Vad gäller immateriella tillgångar ska dessa numera i större utsträckning särskiljas från goodwill vid förvärv. I denna uppsats har det undersöks hur dessa förändringar har kommit att påverka redovisningen i 35 svenska bolag. Undersökningen visade att samtliga företag idag lämnar ut mer information i sina årsredovisningar än tidigare, informationsgraden varierade dock väsentligt mellan de olika företagen. Trots att värderingen av immateriella tillgångar och goodwill i huvudsak består av företagens egna subjektiva bedömningar gör denna information att intressenterna lättare kan bilda sig en uppfattning om hur företagen har gått till väga vid dessa bedömningar, vilket sannolikt ökar förståelsen för redovisningen. Trots de förändringar som gjorts kommer ytterligare utveckling av redovisningsreglerna samt praxis för hur dessa skall tillämpas att krävas för att målen med IFRS skall kunna bli verklighet.

Kvalitativ studie om Stockholmspolisens avhopparverksamhet. Undersöker genom 7 öppna tematiska intervjuer om avhopparverksamhetens praktiska verksamhet överensstämmer med den bild som Stockholmspolisen visar utåt gällande verksamheten.

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo a produção e a caracterização elétrica de filmes finos de telureto com nanopartículas de ouro, depositados pela técnica sputtering, para aplicação em dispositivos de memória. Os filmes finos foram produzidos a partir de alvos cerâmicos de telureto (TeO2-ZnO) e foram nucleadas nanopartículas de ouro para observar sua influência no comportamento de memória. Foi desenvolvida metodologia adequada para a nucleação das nanopartículas por meio de tratamento térmico. Foram produzidos filmes com diferentes concentrações e tamanhos de nanopartículas e diferentes fluxos de oxigênio durante a deposição. Os filmes foram caracterizados por técnicas como Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (TEM), Perfilometria, Espectrometria por Retroespalhamento de Rutherford (RBS) e extração de curvas de Corrente x Tensão (I-V). Por meio das medidas I-V foi possível identificar as melhores condições para aplicações em memória e correlacioná-las com as variáveis de processo estudadas. Resultados obtidos mostraram que a melhor condição para aplicações em memória não volátil foi encontrada em filmes com 100 nm de espessura e depositados com fluxo de oxigênio de 1 sccm, abertura do shutter em 50 e tratados termicamente por 10 ou 20 horas à 325 ºC. Nesses casos, foi observado um abrupto aumento na corrente (4 ordens de grandeza) em aproximadamente 6,5 V para 10 horas de tratamento térmico e 3,5 V para 20 horas de tratamento térmico, indicando a transição do estado inicial de baixa condutividade para outro de alta condutividade. As nanopartículas de ouro proporcionam maior capacidade de armazenamento de elétrons e não favorecem o transporte de corrente através do isolante; elas atuam como armadilhas para as cargas elétricas, o que reduz a corrente de fuga para níveis mais baixos. Foi estudada a influência do diâmetro e da concentração volumétrica das nanopartículas de ouro no valor da tensão elétrica associada à transição abrupta da corrente. Este parâmetro desempenha um papel importante no efeito de memória, pois determina a facilidade/dificuldade em se preencher e saturar as armadilhas (nanopartículas de ouro) com elétrons. Os materiais estudados neste trabalho mostraram-se promissores para aplicações em dispositivos de memória não volátil e possuem características semelhantes aos materiais orgânicos usados para o referido fim.
This work has the objective to fabricate and characterize electrically tellurite thin films containing gold nanoparticles, deposited by the sputtering technique, for application in memory devices. Thin films were produced from ceramic tellurite targets and gold nanoparticles were nucleated in order to observe their influence on memory behavior. An appropriate method was developed for the nucleation of the nanoparticles by means of heat treatment. Films with different nanoparticles sizes and concentration and different oxygen fluxes during the deposition, were produced. The films were characterized by techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Profilometry, Rutherford Backscatter Spectrometry (RBS) and current x voltage (I-V) curves. Using I-V measurements, it was possible to identify the best conditions for memory applications and correlate them with the process variables studied. The results showed that the best condition for memory applications was found in films with 100 nm thickness and deposited with oxygen flow of 1 sccm, opening shutter in 50 and heat treated for 10 or 20 hours at 325 ºC. In these cases, current abrupt increase (4 orders of magnitude) was observed at about 6.5 V for 10 hours of heat treatment and 3.5 V for 20 hours of heat treatment, indicating the transition from high impedance state to low impedance state. Gold nanoparticles provide a larger electron storage capability, and do not favor the electric transport through the insulator; they act as traps for electrical charges, which reduces the leak current to lower levels. It was studied the influence of the gold nanoparticles diameter and volumetric concentration on the voltage associated to the abrupt current. These parameters played an important role in the memory effect, as they determined the facility/difficulty to fill and saturate the traps (Au nanoparticles) with electrons. The materials studied in the present work, based on TeO2-ZnO thin films with Au nanoparticles, are promising for applications in nonvolatile memory device with similar characteristics to organic materials used for the same purpose.

Mestrado em Química Inorgânica e Materiais
O objetivo desta tese de mestrado era desenvolver nanoestruturas robustas e multifuncionais do tipo coroa@núcleo para servir como base num sensor biológico. A estabilidade e as propriedades óticas das nanopartículas de ouro (Au NPs), nomeadamente a ressonância de plasmão de superfície localizada (LSPR), tornam as excelentes candidatos para o desenvolvimento de biossensores baseados em SPR. No seguimento de um trabalho anterior, procedeu-se primeiro à otimização da encapsulação e funcionalização dasAu NPs. Em segundo lugar, preparou-se filmes finos de multicamadas que incorporam as nanopartículas encapsuladas. Au NPs (15  4 nm) foram sintetizadas pelo método de Turkevich, e sua superfície foi revestida por polimerização de transferência de cadeia reversível por adição-fragmentação (RAFT) assistida em encapsulante emulsão (REEP). Foram explorados dois tipos de nanoestruturas: i) nanoestruturas não funcionalizadas foram preparadas com sucesso adsorvendo um agente macroRAFT (MR) P(PEGA40)-TTC) não funcionalizado nas Au NPs, seguido pelo crescimento do bloco hidrofóbico usando uma mixtura (10:1 w/w) de metacrilato de metilo (MMA) e de acrilato de butilo (BA) a partir de MR@Au NPs; e ii) nanoestruturas funcionalizadas foram preparadas usando um agente MR funcionalizado com um bioreceptor (biotina) e um fluoróforo (isotiocianato de fluoresceína - FITC). Foram realizadas tentativas para crescer o bloco hidrofóbico apartir das nanoestruturas multifuncionais MR@Au com o objetivo de melhorar a sua resposta óptica aumentando a distância entre o núcleo e o fluoróforo. No entanto, concluiu-se que a estratégia seguida para preparar estas nanoestruturas multifuncionais tem de ser revista. O tamanho e a estabilidade das nanoestruturas de ouro foi avaliado por espectroscopia UV-Visível e fluorescência, STEM (microscopia eletrónica de transmissão de varrimento), DLS (dispersão dinâmica de luz) e medidas de potencial zeta. A caracterização química e estrutural dos polímeros foi feita por espectroscopias de 1H-RMN (ressonância magnética nuclear de protões) e de infravermelho, e cromatografia de permeação de gel – cromatografia de exclusão por tamanho (GPC-SEC). Em seguida, foram realizados testes de biodeteção usando a nanoestrutura multifuncional de coroa@núcleo no sentido de avaliar a sua resposta óptica na presença de um bioanalito específico - avidin. No entanto, estes testes não foram conclusivos devido às limitações da estratégia seguida para preparar as nanoestruturas multifuncionais. Paralelamente ao trabalho descrito acima, estudou-se a preparação de filmes finos usando o método camada a camada (Layer-by-Layber, LbL) baseado em interações electrostáticas, para isso foi usado o hidrocloreto de polialilamina (PAH) e as nanoestruturas de Au. Foram estudados alguns parâmetros nomeadamente o peso molecular, tempo de deposição, pH e força iónica, e o número de camadas. O objetivo final era depositar na última camada as nanoestruturas de ouro funcionalizadas com biotina-FITC. O procedimento para a deposição por LbL das NPs de Au encapsuladas foi realizado com sucesso, mas uma vez que os testes de biodeteção não foram conclusivos este último passo não foi efectuado.
The aim of this master thesis was to develop robust, easily prepared multifunctional shell@core gold nanostructures to serve as a basis for customization into a specific biological sensor. The stability and optical properties of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), namely the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), makes them excellent candidates for the development of SPR-based biosensors. In this work, the preparation and functionalization of the gold nanoparticles was first optimized, on the basis of the previous work. Next, multilayered thin-films embedding these gold nanostructures were prepared. Au NPs (15  4 nm) were synthetized by the Turkevich method, and their surface was coated via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) assisted encapsulating emulsion polymerization (REEP). The preparation of two types of nanostructures was explored: i) non-functionalized nanostructures were successfully prepared using the macroRAFT (MR) agent P(PEGA40)-TTC) adsorbed onto Au NPs, followed the growth of a hydrophobic block using a 10:1 (w/w) mixture of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate from MR@Au NPs; and ii) functionalized nanostructures were prepared using a MR agent functionalized with a bio-receptor (biotin) and a fluorophore (fluorescein isothiocyanate - FITC). Attempts to grow a hydrophobic block from the multifunctional MR@Au NPs were carried out to enhance the optical response by increasing the distance between the core and fluorophore. Yet, the synthetic strategy followed to prepare this type of multifunctional nanostructures needs to be revised. The size and stability of gold nanostructures were characterized by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy), DLS (dynamic light scattering) and Zeta potential measurements. The chemical and structural characterization of polymers was carried out by 1HNMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance), infrared spectroscopies and gel permeation chromatography – size exclusion chromatography (GPC-SEC). Then, biosensing tests were performed on the multifunctional shell@core nanostructures synthetized to assess their optical response towards a specific bioanalyte - avidin. However, these tests were inconclusive due to the limitations of the synthetic strategy followed to prepare the Au nanostructures. Parallel to the synthetic work described above, the preparation of thin films via electrostatic interactions using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) method was studied, using poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and carboxylic acid terminated non-functionalized Au nanostructures. Various parameters were studied such as molecular weight, deposition time, pH and ionic strength, as well as the number of layers. The final goal was to deposit the biotin-FITC-functionalized gold nanostructure as last layer. The optimized procedure for LbL deposition of the encapsulated Au NPs was fully accomplished, in view of the fact that the biosensing tests were inconclusive, this last step was not carried out.

Flertalet av de besökande på akutmottagningarna i Sverige är 65 år och äldre. Patientgruppen äldre som vårdas på akutmottagningarna har ett komplext vårdbehov vilket förutsätter ett kunskapsbaserat och professionellt omhändertagande. Behovet av evidensbaserade riktlinjer för att säkerställa vårdkvalitet till denna patientgrupp är därför påtaglig. Syftet med denna studie var att granska de riktlinjer Sveriges akutmottagningar har gällande omvårdnad av äldre patienter. Studien utfördes som en totalstudie med en deskriptiv design. Ett frågeformulär med tio frågor skickades till första linjens chefer, det vill säga vårdenhetschefer eller motsvarande, på Sveriges 77 akutmottagningar. Svarsfrekvensen uppgick till 59,7 %. Förekommande riktlinjer evidensgranskades utifrån AGREE, ett instrument för granskning av riktlinjers evidens. Resultatet visade att tio av 46 akutmottagningar hade riktlinjer för omvårdnad av äldre. Evidensgranskningen med AGREE av dessa riktlinjer visade på likartade låga resultatpoäng. Merparten av riktlinjerna fick det högsta poängresultatet avseende mål och syfte, det vill säga de var tydliga med varför och för vilka riktlinjerna fanns. Resultatet av den slutgiltiga sammanställningen av riktlinjerna tydliggjorde bristen på riktlinjer för Sveriges akutmottagningar samt i de fall riktlinjer fanns så var de ofullständiga gällande evidensbaseringen.
Program: Magisterprogram i vårdvetenskap med inriktning mot akutsjukvård

Den demografiska förändringen över ålderstrukturen står inför en förändring, där antalet äldre förväntas öka markant. För att äldreomsorgen ska ges möjlighet att tillhanda hålla en god omvårdnad, bör behovet av kompetent personal och en god arbetsmiljö tillgodoses. Syftet med denna undersökning var att skaffa kunskap om vilka möjligheter samt vilka resurser arbetsledare inom äldreomsorgen har för att implementera en god arbetsmiljö. Metoden som använts för denna kvalitativa undersökning var hermeneutisk metod, för att erfara och tolka arbetsledarnas arbetsmiljöarbete. I resultatet av undersökningen framkom att en majoritet av arbetsledarna ansåg att de hade en god arbetsmiljö och resurserna var adekvata, men utifrån intervjuerna kunde det tolkas att arbetsledningen och medarbetarna arbetade mot olika mål. En möjlighet för att implementera en god arbetsmiljö enligt studien, var att skapa en värdegrund som utgår ifrån hälsans bestämningsfaktorer. Ytterligare något som framkom ur undersökningen var att kompetensen borde ökas inom äldreomsorgen för att möt den framtida förändringen.
The demographic over the age structure stand before a change, when the elderly people expect to increase considerably. For making it possible for care of the elderly and to provide a good form of health care should the need for competent staff and work environment be satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to examine which possibility and which facilities work leaders have to implement a healthy work environment. The method that was used in this qualitative research was hermeneutic method, to examine and interpret work leaders work environments work. In the results of this study it emerged that a majority of the work leaders meant that they had a good work environment and adequate facilities, but from the interviews could it be interpreted that the management and coworkers worked towards different goals. In the study it emerged that the foundation of values should be from the determinants of health, and these values can be a possibility to implement a healthy work environment within the care of the elderly. Another finding in the study was that the competence within care of elderly should increase, to encounter the future changed demands on care of elderly.

It’s Always Better With A Good DM is about our relationship with objects and maps as a vector for fantasy. Beginning from the premise that humans understand the world via narrative, I am concerned with the loss of imagination in adulthood in lieu of ideology, which is no more real than stories of future and fantastic places.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Barium stannate (BaSnO3) and strontium stannate (SrSnO3) are perovskites type oxyde that have cubic (Pm3m) and orthorhombic (Pbnm) structures, respectively. These materials have received much attention due to their interesting physical and chemical characteristics, leading to a variety of technological applications. In this sense, these two materials were combined to each other in order to obtain powders and thin films of a solid solution, Sr1-xBaxSnO3, with (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50. 0.75 e 1). The solid solution in the of powder presented successive phase transitions ranging from orthorhombic and tetragonal structures to a cubic one with increasing of Ba2+ amount in the composition. These transitions were observed by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, and confirmed by raman vibrational spectroscopy. Moreover, the crystal structures were also characterized by infrared vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and, vibrational spectroscopy. The different types of crystalline structures compositions of the solid solution had different percentage values against the photodiscoloration of the azo dye Remazol yellow gold -RNL. The results indicated that the direct mechanism is probably the most suitable for the cubic structure (BaSnO3), while the indirect gift for this orthorhombic structure (SrSnO3). Moreover, the thin films obtained from cubic system (BaSnO3) showed different growth associated with crystal structure of the substrate, the film composition and the deposition method used (deposition method by a pulsed laser ablation - PLD). The films deposited on amorphous silica and R-sapphire (Al2O3-012) showed polycrystalline growth while the films deposited on LAO (LaAlO3-100) showed an epitaxial growth (h00). In addition, morphological and photoluminescent properties also had suffered strong influence of the above parameters. Regarding the photoluminescent properties, these seem to be specifically related to the type of growth of the films, ie films deposited on LAO showed photoluminescent emission in the visible region a unlike the films occur due to deposited on silica and sapphire-R where a structural short-range order in the film / substrate interface has not led to photoluminescent emissions. Regarding the photocatalytic properties, the films obtained by PLD and with richer compositions Ba2+ were the most active in discoloration yellow gold remazol dye, reaching a maximum photocatalytic efficiency with polycrystalline film BaSnO3 deposited on R-sapphire 84.4 %. The polycrystalline films Sr1-xBaxSnO3 deposited on substrates amorphous silica and LAO also showed strong activity in discoloration of the dye, being more efficient than the polycrystalline epitaxial films. Keywords: Barium stannate, strontium stannate, PLD, photocatalysis, photoluminescence, remazol yellow gold, thin films, descoloration.
O estanato de bário (BaSnO3) e o estanato de estrôncio (SrSnO3) são óxidos do tipo perovskita que apresentam estrutura cúbica (mPm3) e ortorrômbica (Pbnm), respectivamente. Estes materiais possuem propriedades químicas bastante interessantes que levam a diversos tipos de aplicações no ramo tecnológico. Portanto, estes dois materiais combinados foram sintetizados tanto na forma de pó quanto de filmes finos com o objetivo de se obter a solução sólida, Sr1-xBaxSnO3, com (x = 0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1). A solução sólida na forma de pó apresentou sucessivas transições de fases com o aumento da quantidade do cátion Ba2+ presente no sistema, passando da estrutura ortorrômbica à tetragonal chegando à cúbica. Estas transições foram observadas pelos difratogramas de raios-X e refinamento Rietveld, sendo confirmada por espectroscopia vibracional raman. Ademais, as estruturas cristalinas também foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho (IV), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia vibracional de UV-visível. Os diferentes tipos de estruturas cristalinas das composições da solução sólida apresentaram diferentes valores percentuais frente à fotodescoloração do azo-corante remazol amarelo ouro RNL. Os resultados mostraram que o mecanismo direto provavelmente é o mais indicado para a estrutura cúbica do BaSnO3, enquanto que, o indireto está presente para estrutura ortorrômbica do SrSnO3. Os filmes finos obtidos do sistema cúbico (BaSnO3) apresentaram diferentes tipos de crescimentos associados às estruturas cristalinas dos substratos, composição do filme e com o método de deposição utilizado (método de deposição por ablação a laser pulsado PLD). Os filmes depositados sobre sílica amorfa e safira-R (Al2O3-012) apresentaram crescimento policristalino, enquanto os filmes depositados sobre LAO (LaAlO3-100) apresentaram um crescimento epitaxial (h00). Além disto, as características morfológicas e fotoluminescentes também foram influenciadas pelos parâmetros acima citados. Em relação às propriedades fotoluminescentes, estas especificamente parecem estar relacionadas com o tipo de crescimento dos filmes, ou seja, os filmes depositados sobre LAO apresentaram emissão fotoluminescente na região do visível devido ocorrer uma desordem a curto alcance na interface filme/substrato diferentemente dos filmes depositados sobre sílica e safira-R, onde uma ordem estrutural a curto alcance na interface filme/substrato não conduziu a emissões fotoluminescentes. Em relação às propriedades fotocatalíticas, os filmes obtidos por PLD e os filmes com composições mais ricas em Ba2+ foram os mais ativos na descoloração do corante remazol amarelo ouro, chegando a uma eficiência fotocatalítica máxima com o filme policristalino de BaSnO3 depositado sobre safira-R de 84,4 %. Os filmes policristalinos de Sr1-xBaxSnO3 depositados sobre os substratos de sílica amorfa e LAO também mostrou uma forte atividade na fotodescoloração do corante, sendo os filmes policristalinos mais eficientes que os epitaxiais.

"For Alexander" is an exhibition about masculinity as it is exhibited by Southern “good ole boys”. I rely on original and appropriated imagery, as well as memories of loss and humor from my childhood in Alabama. Combining mixed media and sculptural elements has allowed me to investigate the subjects that interest me. I explore and artistically comment on these subjects through a mix of personal and culturally loaded imagery that records what I have either experienced or researched, and which I realize through the ironic use of non-traditional materials, such as sequins and rhinestones. My work examines stereotypes and my own beliefs about Southern good ole boys. I also reflect on elements of Southern hypocrisy, and I question long standing social practices with the help of historical and contemporary media sources. My exhibition is dedicated to my great uncle, who was murdered by his father, a preacher, during the Great Depression.
M.F.A.
Masters
Visual Arts and Design
Arts and Humanities
Emerging Media; Studio Art and the Computer

Denna kandidatuppsats redogör för den undersökning som har gjorts för att ta reda på hur universitetsutbildningar inom medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap i Sverige, som uppger i sin programinformation att de utbildar kommunikatörer, gestaltar arbetsmarknaden för kommunikatörer. Undersökningen har en kvalitativ ansats och det empiriska materialet är insamlat genom dokumentanalys av programbeskrivningar samt intervjuer med programansvariga. Urvalet består av nio svenska utbildningar som är representerade av sju lärosäten. Ett centralt begrepp i undersökningen är anställningsbarhet som i det här fallet har sitt ursprung i Bolognaprocessen. Efter utförd undersökning visar det sig att det finns både likheter och olikheter i berättelserna som ges skriftligt och muntligt av de aktuella utbildningarna. Likheterna ligger i synen på arbetsmarknaden och kommunikationsfältets tänkbara yrkesuppgifter. Berättelserna skiljer sig dock åt när relationen till arbetsmarknaden gestaltas. De olika programmen sprider ut sig på en skala mellan “nära arbetsmarknaden” och “nära akademin” men de flesta positionerar sig medvetet i mitten av denna skala och gestaltar en utbildning som tror att anställningsbarhet skapas genom att låta sig påverkas av både det akademiska och det mer praktiska tänkandet.

Evidensbaserade riktlinjer är en del i vårdkontexten vilka tillsammans med strukturer inom utbildning, ekonomi och ledarskap finns för att stärka sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsutförande och patientens möjlighet att få god vård. Patientgruppen som vårdas på akutmottagningen till följd av drogpåverkan har ett komplext vårdbehov vilket förutsätter ett kunskapsbaserat och professionellt omhändertagande. Kompetensen vad gäller vården till dessa individer är dock bristfällig och patientgruppen möts ofta av stigmatiserande attityder från vårdpersonal. Behovet av evidensbaserade riktlinjer för att säkerställa vårdkvaliteten till denna patientgrupp är därför påtaglig. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga förekomsten av kliniska omvårdnadsriktlinjer specifika för patienter som söker vård till följd av drogpåverkan, samt bedöma dess evidensgrad. Studien utfördes enligt kvantitativ metod med explorativ ansats. En postenkät med 15 frågor utskickades till de (N = 72) svenska sjukhusbundna akutmottagningarna, och svarsfrekvensen uppgick till 62,5%. Studieresultatet redovisades med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik och förekommande riktlinjer evidensgranskades utifrån AGREE II. Resultatet visade att fem av de sjukhusbundna akutmottagningarna svarade att de hade riktlinjer för omvårdnaden av drogpåverkade patienter. AGREE II evidensgranskning av dessa riktlinjer visade på likartade låga resultatpoäng, där det lägsta poängresultatet återfanns i domänen Stringens i framställningen, det vill säga avseende riktlinjernas kunskapsbasering. Resultatet av den slutgiltiga sammanställningen av evidensbedömningen tydliggjorde att ingen av riktlinjerna kunde rekommenderas som stöd för patientkategorins omvårdnad.
Program: Magisterprogram i vårdvetenskap med inriktning mot akutsjukvård

Exploiting coordination bonding of aromatic carboxylic acids at metal surfaces, this thesis explores new directions in the design and application of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The SAMs are investigated using a multi-technique approach comprising of a complementary combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. In addition, the X-ray standing wave technique (XSW) was used to characterise the substrates. The process of layer formation and the final structures of the SAMs are found to be strikingly dependent on the combination of molecule and substrate, which is discussed in terms of the intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions, bonding geometries and symmetry of the organic molecules. This is illustrated by the dramatic difference between molecular adsorption on Ag and Cu for molecules such as biphenyl-3,4',5-tricarboxylic acid and biphenyl-4-acetic acid. In the case of self-assembly on Cu, the molecule-substrate interactions play a decisive role in the resulting SAM structure, whereas on Ag, the intermolecular interactions dominate over the weaker molecule-substrate binding. This exploration of the balance of interactions that lead to the formation of these SAM structures lays the foundation for a systematic design of the structures and properties of aromatic carboxylic acid based monolayers. Finally, different applications and properties of some SAMs were investigated, namely coordination of a Pd(II) complex to a pyridine/pyrazole terminated molecule adsorbed on Ag. Evidence of coordination of Pd(II) to single molecules was provided by STM, XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy. Additionally, controlled STM tip induced modification of local areas of a 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene SAM on Ag was performed, opening an exciting prospect for nanoscale molecular manipulation.

For as long as I can remember, I have struggled with understanding who I am. What makes me is something I try to make sense of through art. When I started working on this my graduation show, the idea behind it was to make a portrait of the Mexico I know, but when the pandemic hit, I found myself locked down at home, completely alone in a new country for the first time. This led me to question my existence and the belief systems I espoused and prompted me to try to understand myself better in the context of a foreign culture. As a result, the concept behind the show evolved from being about the Mexico I know to exploring who I am and how my upbringing has shaped my art and trying to make sense of my existence.

Hemsidor är väldigt populära idag. Där finns mycket information som påverkar vårt sätt att handla, tänka och interagera. Samtidigt kan hemsidorna ha information som kan analyseras och tolkas på olika sätt med hjälp av olika teorier. Denna studie utgår från Bourdieus socialaklassteori och Basil Bernsteins teori om pedagogiska identiteter. Studien analyserar två gymnasiehemsidor. Bilden av den goda eleven studeras noggrant samt de olika stereotyperna på hemsidorna. Denna studie gör en diskursanalys av sexbilder som pekar på elevernas aktiviteter på två kommunala skolor och på skillnader mellan dem. Det gäller en kommunal gymnasieskola i centrala Stockholm ochkommunalgymnasieskola i en Stockholmsförort. Studien visar att det finns en polarisering mellan skolorna. Norra Real Gymnasium som är skolan från centrala Stockholm inriktar sig mot samhällets elitoch eleverna därverkar ha mer symbolisktkapital och haraktiviteter som utvecklardetta vidare. Tensta Gymnasium, som är gymnasieskolan iförorten,fokuserar mest på integrationgenom att göra aktiviteter som utvecklar elevernasätt att integrera sig i samhället. Det är ganska vaga aktiviteter såsomattklistra in olika färger frånhänderna på väggen.
Website pages are very popular today. There is a lot of information that affects our way of shopping, thinking and interacting. At the same time, the websites may have information that can be analyzed and interpreted in different ways using different theories.This study is based on Bourdieu's social class theory and Basil Bernstein's theory of educational identities. The study analyzestwo high school websites. The image of the good student is studied carefully as well as the different stereotypes on the websites. This study makes a discourse analysis of six images that points to the students' activities at two municipal schools and on differences between them. This applies to a municipal upper secondary school in central Stockholm and municipal upper secondary school in a Stockholm suburb. The study shows that there is a polarization between schools. Norra Real Gymnasium, which is the school from central Stockholm, focuses on society's elite and the students there seem to have more symbolic capital and have activities that further develop this. Tensta Gymnasium, which is the secondary school in the suburb, focuses most on integration by doing activities that develop students' ways of integrating themselves into society.It's quite vague activities like sticking paper hands of different colors on a wall.

Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Física, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2014
A experiencia Microcalorimeter Arrays for a Rhenium Experiment (MARE) tem como objectivo a medição da massa do neutrino do electrão com uma sensibilidade de 0.1eV e ser uma alternativa competitiva a experiencia KATRIN, que utiliza como detector um espectrómetro,. MARE usará a técnica de calorimetria, onde os absorvedores dos microcalorímetros serão constituídos por um isótopo com uma baixa energia de transição, Q, no decaimento beta. Esta experiencia ira usar o decaimento beta do isótopo 187Re, devido ao seu valor baixo de Q, a sua abundancia isotópica e reduzida capacidade térmica. O potencial deste isótopo para uma experiência calorimétrica na medição da massa do neutrino já foi demonstrada pelas experiências MANU e MIBETA. Alternativamente, HOLmium EC MEaSurement for electron neutrino mass measurement (HOLMES) foi desenvolvida pela colaboração MARE, onde a determinação directa da massa do neutrino será conseguida usando o processo de captura de electrões do isótopo 163Ho, devido ao seu baixo valor de Q e a sua pequena vida-média, utilizando, também, microcalorímetros criogénicos. O grande avanço da tecnologia microcalorimétrica e as suas aplicações devem‐se ao desenvolvimento dos microcalorímetros TES como espectrómetros de imagem. Hoje em dia, a tecnologia com microcalorímetros criogénicos pode ser usada numa experiencia de larga escala com excelente resolução de energia e de tempo. Os microcalorímetros de Sensor de Borda de Transição (TES) são a escolha para o detetor numa experiencia com o objectivo de medir o decaimento radioativo de captura de eletrões do holmio, fornecendo o valor da massa do neutrino do eletrão. Uma fonte de 163Ho incorporada num microcalorímetro TES para medição de massa do neutrino está em curso no âmbito da colaboração das experiencias MARE e HOLMES. Para optimizar os parâmetros do detector de HOLMES, é importante conhecer as alterações das propriedades térmicas do absorvedor quando implantado com 163Ho. Uma vez que o 163Ho é produto da activação de neutrões do 162Er, também é necessário conhecer os efeitos de érbio, quando incorporado no absorvedor. Particularmente, a propriedade de interesse e a capacidade térmica do Uma opção que está a ser investigada e a implantação do isótopo radioactivo num de ouro, dado que o ouro tem sido utilizado com sucesso em outras aplicações, e as suas características correspondem aos requisitos necessários para uma experiencia como HOLMES. Este trabalho, realizado no âmbito das atividades de I&D do projeto PTDC/FIS/116719/2010, consistiu na implantação de iões metálicos não radioativos de Ho e Er em filmes finos de ouro e na sua caracterização usando Analises de Feixe de Iões e a Análise de Difração de raio‐X, e também em medições de baixa temperatura, utilizando um refrigerador de diluição equipado com um SQUID para medir a região de transição do material supercondutor de um dispositivo TES. Para uma elevada estatística na região próxima do valor Q e importante um elevado número de decaimentos, o qual implica uma concentração elevada de 163Ho e de 162Er. A motivação deste trabalho consistiu em aumentar, uma ordem de grandeza, a concentração de ambos os isótopos, Ho e Er, em relação aos valores usados numa experiência anterior. Desta forma, é possível estudar os fenómenos inerentes ao processo de implantação e, ao se testar doses cada vez mais elevadas, de acordo com os requisitos de HOLMES, é possível optimizar o processo de implantação. Os parâmetros originalmente estabelecidos para implantação foram plenamente alcançados na experiência anterior, em 12 amostras, sem danos da amostra ou contaminação. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que não foi possível atingir os parâmetros de implantação conforme planeado e garantir uma elevada qualidade dos filmes. Além disso, os parâmetros de implantação foram fundamentais para no futuro contornar-se processos de sputtering na superfície do filme durante o processo de implantação e a degradação física e química das propriedades do filme.
The Microcalorimeter Arrays for a Rhenium Experiment (MARE) aims at providing a competitive alternative to the spectrometric approach, used by KATRIN experiment, in the effort of measuring the neutrino mass with a sensitivity as low as 0.1 eV. MARE will use the calorimetric technique, where the thermal microcalorimeters absorbers will contain a low transition energy Q beta decaying isotope. This experiment will use Re β‐decay, due to its low Q value, isotopic abundance and reduced thermal capacity. The potential of this isotope for a calorimetric neutrino mass experiment has already been demonstrated by MANU and MIBETA experiments. A parallel experiment is being developed by the MARE collaboration, called HOLmium EC MEaSurement for electron neutrino mass measurement (HOLMES) experiment, where the electron neutrino direct mass determination will be achieved using the electron capture process of 163Ho, due to its low Q value and its short half‐life, also using cryogenic microcalorimeters. There has been huge improvement in microcalorimetric technology and its applications due to the development of TES microcalorimeters as imaging spectrometers. Nowadays, cryogenic microcalorimeter technology can be used in a large scale experiment with excellent energy and time resolutions. Transition Edge Sensor (TES) microcalorimeters are the detector choice for an experiment with the goal of measuring the electron capture decay of holmium radioactive, providing the value of electron neutrino mass. A source of 163Ho embedded in a TES microcalorimeter for neutrino mass measurement is under course on the framework of the MARE collaboration and HOLMES experiment. To optimize the detector parameters for HOLMES it is important to know the changes in the absorber thermal properties when 163Ho is embedded in the detector. Since, 163Ho is a product of the neutron activation of 162Er it is also necessary to know the effects of erbium when embedded in the absorber. The particular property of interest is the absorber heat capacity. One option that is being investigated is to implant the radioactive isotope into a gold absorber, as gold has been successfully used in other applications, and its characteristics match the requirements needed for an experiment such as HOLMES. This work, performed within the R&D activities of the project PTDC/FIS/116719/2010, consisted on the ion implantation of metallic non-radioactive Ho and Er in gold thin films and its characterization using Ion Beam Analysis and X‐Ray diffraction analysis, and also low temperature measurements using a dilution refrigerator equipped with a SQUID to measure the transition region of a TES device. In order to have high statistics at the Q value region it is important to have a high number of decays, which implies a high concentration of both 163Ho and 162Er. The motivation of this work was to increase the concentration of both Ho and Er, one order of magnitude higher than the ones used in a previous experiment. In this way, it is possible to study the inherent phenomena to the implantation process and, when testing increasingly high doses, according to HOLMES requirements, it is possible to optimize the implantation process. The parameters originally set for implantation have been fully achieved in this previous experiment in 12 samples, with no sample damage nor sputtering nor contamination processes. The results of this work showed that it was not possible to achieve the implantation parameters as planned guaranteeing the high quality of the thin films. Furthermore, implantation parameters were a paramount in order to avoid sputtering processes on the film surface during ion implantation and further physical and chemical degradation of the film properties.

This story began with a question and grew in the answering, as did I, until it became a story more interested in the quest and the asking of the question than in the resolution or answer. That is not to say that this novel does not have a fairly standard beginning, middle and end. Instead, the uniqueness, if there is such a thing, emerges in the content of these parts, in the genres I used, and in the consistent voice of the central character that continually returns to the question. I wondered, (to use a phrase often times overused by Jenson, the main character in the most recent version of this story), why I was here. More precisely, I wondered what a person propelled by this question and the failure to find an answer, or at least an answer that provided any semblance of hope or self-confidence, would do when put into extraordinary circumstances. At what point would he abandon the question, or in this story, at what point would Jenson ultimately give up on his quest? Also, as a writer acutely aware that I write for a reader and not just for myself, I wondered at what point a reader would abandon a character like Jenson or a quest that didn’t have a clear end. These two themes—the questioning quest and the constant slipping away of answers—as well as my desire to create a character and world that were both familiar and yet epic in scale, forced me to write this story. What emerged has been a labor of love and obsession that shows the first person story of a character’s struggle to find his “belong’in place in the world.” This familiar motivation is overshadowed, though, by a more pressing goal—the first person account of a, possibly, unreliable narrator, failed parent and husband who must team up with his estranged wife to save his son. As Tolkien once said, “an author cannot of course remain wholly unaffected by his experience, but the ways in which a story-germ uses the soil of experience are extremely complex, and attempts to define the process are at best guesses from evidence inadequate and ambiguous.” What I can say, though, with absolute certainty is that this latest version of the story is a result of maturity and constant curiosity. As I have grown older the central character in the story has changed from a teenage boy fighting ogres and saving damsels in distress to a middle-aged man with phobias and faults battling some of the everyday problems we all encounter—how to deal with fear and feelings of inadequacy and how to rekindle love or talk with a girl. Of course, he still has to battle a strange being from a different dimension and figure out how to fix a secret, illegal scientific experiment so that he can save his son, who has been put into a coma because he has volunteered for an experiment that sent him to a different dimension. But the science and mystery and extraordinary circumstances don’t, or at least don’t always, overshadow the heart of the story. This is a man on a quest to find answers that may not exist, and the questioning quest will, undoubtedly, take him to the next dimension where he will have to find his son, figure out how to come back home, and perhaps…battle God.

With increasing miniaturization in microelectronics the wirebonds used in IC packages are witnessing a thrust towards fine pitch wirebonding. To have a precise control over loop height of the wirebond for fine pitch wirebonding, it is imperative to do mechanical characterization of the wirebond. The present work studies the mechanical properties of gold wire and wirebond using nanoindentation. The wirebond specimen surface was planarized using mechanical polishing. The loop height of the gold wirebond is directly proportional to the length of the heat affected zone (HAZ) above the ball of gold wirebond. Metallographic preparation of gold wirebond cross section reveals the presence of undesirable coarse grain structure in HAZ due to recrystallization and grain growth in the gold wire adjacent to the ball. The recrystallization temperature of our gold wire was found using D.S.C. to be 340.66°C. The doping elements present in the gold wire used, were identified using TOF-SIMS. Nanoindentation of the gold wire was done at different maximum loads to observe the hardness variation with load. The nanoindentation of gold wirebond has confirmed a v-shaped hardness profile in the HAZ. The hardness minima for the particular gold wire used with a ball size ratio of 2.4 was observed at distance of 160-170 µm from the neck of the ball. The elastic modulus was found to vary randomly and to be independent of the microstructure in the wirebond. A yield stress profile based on empirical hardness-yield strength correlation has been predicted for the gold wirebond.
Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências – Formação Contínua de Professores (área de especialização em Física e Química)
Este projeto insere-se numa das linhas de investigação do Grupo de Revestimentos Funcionais (GRF) que tem como objetivo o estudo de propriedades de filmes finos para diversas aplicações óticas. No âmbito desta proposta de tese, pretende-se dar seguimento a um projeto de investigação aprovado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. Produziram-se diversos filmes finos de TiO2(Au) e TiO2 (Ag), usando a técnica de pulverização catódica reativa em magnetrão, com alimentações de corrente contínua, CC. Para se produzir os filmes referidos, utilizou-se um alvo de titânio com 99.9 % de pureza, onde se colocaram pequenos pedaços de ouro ou de prata na superfície do referido alvo. Seguidamente, fez-se a caracterização dos filmes através das técnicas de espectrometria de retrodispersão de Rutherford (RBS) (composição química), difração de raios-X (XRD) (estrutura cristalina) e microscopia eletrónica de varrimento (SEM) (morfologia e espessura), bem como dos coeficientes óticos (transmitância e refletância). Para determinar a resistividade elétrica dos filmes finos produzidos, utilizou-se o método das 4 pontas para as amostras condutoras e o método das 2 pontas para as amostras isoladoras. Finalmente, colocou-se os filmes finos em banhos de suor artificial a diferentes durações, para estudar de que modo a duração e o suor artificial alteram os coeficientes óticos e a resistividade elétrica.
This project belongs to one of the lines of research of the Functional Coatings Group (GRF) that aims to study the properties of thin films for various optical applications. Within this thesis proposal, it is intended to continue a research project approved by the Foundation for Science and Technology. Were produced several TiO2 (Au) and TiO2(Ag) thin films, using the technique of reactive magnetron sputtering, with current power sources, DC. To produce such films, it was used a titanium target with 99.9 % purity, where were placed small pieces of gold or silver on the surface of the referred target. Then, it was made the characterization of the films by Rutherford backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) (chemical composition), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (crystal structure) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (morphology and thickness) techniques as well as of the respective optical coefficients (transmittance and reflectance). To determine the electrical resistivity of the thin films produced, it was used the four-point probe method for the conductive samples and the two-point probe method for the insulating samples. Finally, the thin films were placed in artificial sweat baths at different durations, to study how the duration and the artificial sweat alter the optical coefficients and the electrical resistivity.

The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the real challenges and opportunities that exist in day-to-day operations of a non-profit organization. Through in-depth analysis of one such organization, guidelines and best-practices can be established to help others attempting similar pursuits. The case studies the Re-food 4 Good Association and is a useful tool for instructors looking to debate reasons for the success of some projects over others, challenges faced by social projects in general and discuss successful growth strategies. The organization is facing problems related to its fast-paced growth and is challenged to find ways to deal with the implementation of its mission and vision, while maintaining its most relevant critical success factors the most relevant of which being the micro-local nature of the project. The main conclusion is that the best way to achieve long-term sustainability and scalability is to find a balance between the uniqueness of each Operation Center and control from the Central Services. Given the fact that volunteers are at the center of Re-food’s success, is it explained how local issues and ways of operating on a daily basis should be left to each OC’s responsibility, keeping its uniqueness. Core issues such as expansion, brand image, communication and initial financial needs should be the responsibility of the central structure. The Case Study is followed by a Literature Review of relevant topics and a Teaching Note intended to help instructors for in-class use of the Case.
O principal objectivo desta tese é expor os verdadeiros desafios e oportunidades das operações de uma organização sem fins lucrativos. Através de uma análise aprofundada de uma dessas organizações, podem ser identificadas directrizes e boas práticas potencialmente úteis a quem se aventure por atividades semelhantes.O Caso estuda a associacao Re-food 4 Good e é uma ferramenta útil para professores que procurem debater as razões para o sucesso de alguns projetos em deterimento de outros, os desafios enfrentados por projectos de cariz social em geral e discutir estratégias de crescimento. A organização neste estudo enfrenta problemas relacionados com um crescimento acelerado. Assim, e desafiada a encontrar formas de lidar com a implementação da sua missão e visão, mantendo os seus factores críticos de sucesso, sendo o mais relevante, a natureza micro-local do projecto. A principal conclusão é que a melhor maneira de expandir sustentavelmente a longo prazo é encontrar um equilíbrio entre a identidade de cada Centro de Operações e o controlo dos Serviços Centrais. Estando os voluntários na base do sucesso da Refood, é explicado como a responsabilidade de cada centro operacional deve estar limitada as suas actividades diarias necessarias, mantendo a sua singularidade. Questoes como a expansão, imagem de marca, comunicação e necessidades financeiras iniciais devem ser inteira responsabilidade da estrutura central. O Caso de Estudo e seguido de uma Revisão de Literatura das questões mais relevantes e uma secção de notas para auxiliar o instrutor na utilização do Caso em aula.

The topic of the diploma thesis is the use of musical activities in the development of graphomotoric skills of preschool children. The theoretical section is focused on harmonising of music and movement on the level of gross and fine motoric skills. This diploma thesis analyses the musical aspect of the Czech version of the Good Start Method. The practical section presents new lessons developing graphomotoric skills with a central focus on musical and instrumental activities. The thesis provides a report on the aims, methods and progress of the field research in the preparatory classes of primary school. Part of the process is basic research into the received tempo of two songs from the Good Start Method. KEYWORDS Good Start Method, musical activities, musical skills, graphomotoric skills, gross motoric skills, fine motoric skills, rhythmic feeling