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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Th2"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 11 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Th2"

Ohta, Nobuo, Shigeru Fukase, Takeo Fuse e Masaru Aoyagi. "Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells and Tc1 and Tc2 CD8+ T cells of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, n. 8 (agosto 2002): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/00222150260171597.

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A Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance with a predominance of Th1 cytokines has been suggested to be of pathogenic importance in Wegener’s granulomatosis. To evaluate the role of Th1/Th2 cytokines in Wegener’s granulomatosis, the subsets of Th1, Th2, Tc1 and Tc2 cells from patients with active Wegener’s granulomatosis were examined by intracellular cytokine flow cytometry. The population of Tc1 cells (72.0 ± 14.4 per cent) in Wegener’s granulomatosis was significantly increased compared with Tc1 cells (37.3 ± 14.6 per cent) in control (p<0.05). Th1, Th2 and Tc2 cells in Wegener’s granulomatosis were not significantly increased compared with the control cells. These results indicate that the predominance of Tc1 cells might contribute to the mechanism of the pathogenesis of Wegener’s granulomatosis.

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Gajewski, T. F., D. W. Lancki, R. Stack e F. W. Fitch. ""Anergy" of TH0 helper T lymphocytes induces downregulation of TH1 characteristics and a transition to a TH2-like phenotype." Journal of Experimental Medicine 179, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1994): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.179.2.481.

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Mature CD4+ helper T lymphocytes have been categorized into two major functional phenotypes, TH1 and TH2, which produce distinct arrays of lymphokines and which are thought to arise from a pluripotential precursor cell termed TH0. Clonal anergy can be induced in TH1 clones by stimulating via the T cell receptor (TCR) complex in the absence of a costimulator molecule; however, anergy has been difficult to demonstrate in TH2 clones. We show here that treatment of cloned TH0 lines with anergizing stimuli results in the selective loss of TH1 characteristics and retention of a TH2 phenotype. Treated cells exhibit a substantial reduction in interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and antigen-specific cytolytic activity, but retain comparable IL-4 and IL-5 production in response to restimulation via the TCR complex. TH0 clones exposed to anergizing stimuli also increase in size, thus morphologically resembling TH2 cells. The signaling characteristics of these cells also are altered, in that they exhibit an elevated basal level of intracellular free calcium which fails to increase significantly with subsequent restimulation, reminiscent of the signaling characteristics of TH2 cells. "Anergized" TH0 clones thus share several functional, morphologic, and physiologic properties with cells of the TH2 phenotype, suggesting that TH2 cells may arise when TH0 cells are stimulated via the TCR complex in the absence of a putative costimulator molecule.

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Singh, Rana A. K., Ying C. Q. Zang, Anju Shrivastava, Jian Hong, George T. Wang, Sufang Li, Maria V. Tejada-Simon, Milena Kozovska, Victor M. Rivera e Jingwu Z. Zhang. "Th1 and Th2 Deviation of Myelin-Autoreactive T Cells by Altered Peptide Ligands Is Associated with Reciprocal Regulation of Lck, Fyn, and ZAP-70". Journal of Immunology 163, n. 12 (15 dicembre 1999): 6393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.12.6393.

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Abstract Th0 clones recognizing an immunodominant peptide of myelin basic protein (residues 83–99) were derived from patients with multiple sclerosis. We demonstrate that analogue peptides with alanine substitution at Val86 and His88 had a unique partial agonistic property in inducing Th0 →Th1 and Th0 →Th2 deviation of the myelin basic protein-reactive T cell clones, respectively. Th0 to Th1 deviation induced by peptide 86V→A correlated with up-regulation of Fyn and ZAP-70 kinase activities. Conversely, Th0 to Th2 deviation induced by peptide 88H→A was associated with complete failure to activate Fyn and ZAP-70 kinases. The observed Th1 and Th2 shift also correlated, to a lesser extent, with Lck kinase activity that was down-regulated with Th1 deviation and increased with Th2 deviation in some T cell clones. We demonstrated that the Th1 and Th2 shift induced by the analogue peptides was a reversible process, as the T cell clones previously exposed to either 86V→A or 88H→A peptide could revert to an opposite phenotype when rechallenged reciprocally with a different analogue peptide. The study has important implications in our understanding of regulation of TCR-associated tyrosine kinases by altered peptide ligands and its role in cytokine regulation of autoreactive T cells.

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Miner, Kent T., e Michael Croft. "Generation, Persistence, and Modulation of Th0 Effector Cells: Role of Autocrine IL-4 and IFN-γ". Journal of Immunology 160, n. 11 (1 giugno 1998): 5280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5280.

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Abstract Many studies have classified CD4 responses into either Th1-like or Th2-like, based on cytokine secretion profiles, but little significance has been placed on Th0 cells. This has largely resulted from studies that suggested that Th0 populations primarily comprise individual Th1 and Th2 cells. Here, we show that priming of Ag-specific naive CD4 cells with moderate dose IL-4 generates a Th0 population that is evident after 3 days in vitro and becomes prevalent after successive encounters with Ag over a 9-day period. By intracellular cytokine staining, the majority (>60%) of effector cells generated in this way produce either IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-2, or IL-4 and IFN-γ without IL-2. Endogenous IFN-γ secreted over the initial 3 days of culture was critical for generating Th0 cells, since neutralization allowed IL-4 to induce differentiation into Th2-like cells. Successive encounters with Ag were required for generating Th0 cells, and their stability and persistence were governed by the balance of endogenous IL-4 and IFN-γ secreted during the later stages of differentiation. Studies blocking Fas-induced cell death showed that this process played no role in Th0 cell generation, and differential death of committed Th1 or Th2 cells was not required for Th0 persistence. These data suggest that Th0 cells can be as prevalent as Th1- or Th2-like cells after naive CD4 activation, that the relative levels of autocrine IL-4 and IFN-γ are important to the lack of commitment, and that not all cells are predestined to the Th1 or Th2 phenotypes early in the response.

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Groux, H., T. Sornasse, F. Cottrez, J. E. de Vries, R. L. Coffman, M. G. Roncarolo e H. Yssel. "Induction of human T helper cell type 1 differentiation results in loss of IFN-gamma receptor beta-chain expression." Journal of Immunology 158, n. 12 (15 giugno 1997): 5627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.12.5627.

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Abstract Differential expression of cytokine receptors accounts for an important regulatory mechanism in differentiation of Th1/Th2 subsets. Here, we report that human Th0 and Th2 clones constitutively express transcripts for the IFN-gammaR beta-chain, whereas mRNA for this signaling component of the IFN-gamma receptor is absent in Th1 clones. Activation of T cell clones, however, resulted in a transient induction or enhancement of IFN-gammaR beta-chain mRNA expression in Th1 clones and Th0/Th2 clones, respectively. IL-12-mediated Th1 cell differentiation of naive CD4+, CD45RA+ cord blood T cells, which constitutively express IFN-gammaR beta-chain mRNA, resulted in a loss of expression of this cytokine receptor chain after 6 to 12 days of culture. In contrast, Th2 populations, differentiated from CD4+, CD45RA+ cord blood T cells in the presence of IL-4, continued to express high levels of IFN-gammaR beta-chain transcripts. The loss of IFN-gammaR beta-chain expression in Th1 populations was accompanied by a failure of IFN-gamma to induce the expression of the IFN-gamma-inducible gene, IFN response factor-1, whereas IFN-gamma was effective in inducing IFN response factor-1 mRNA expression in Th0 and Th2 cells. These results indicate that down-regulation of the IFN-gammaR beta-chain correlates with impaired IFN-gamma-induced signaling in Th1 cells. Finally, Th2 populations, generated in the presence of both IL-4 and IFN-gamma, expressed levels of IFN-gammaR beta-chain transcripts similar to those produced by cells differentiated in the presence of IL-4 only, demonstrating that IFN-gamma does not modulate the expression of its receptor. Together, these data indicate that human Th0/Th2 and Th1 subsets, respectively, can be distinguished based on the expression of the IFN-gammaR beta-chain.

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Mumpuni, A., H. S. S. Sharma e Averil E. Brown. "Effect of Metabolites Produced by Trichoderma harzianum Biotypes and Agaricus bisporus on Their Respective Growth Radii in Culture". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1998): 5053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.12.5053-5056.1998.

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ABSTRACT Trichoderma harzianum biotypes Th1, Th2, and Th3 produced volatile metabolites in vitro which had similar fungistatic effects on the growth of Agaricus bisporus. Metabolites present in agar colonized by these strains also inhibited mycelial growth of A. bisporus, although the reduction in growth was less in the presence of metabolites produced by biotype Th2 than that in the presence of metabolites produced by Th1 or Th3.A. bisporus produced metabolites in liquid culture that inhibited the growth of Th1 and Th3 but stimulated the growth of Th2. A compound(s) responsible for the inhibition and stimulation was extracted from A. bisporus culture filtrate and from compost-grown fruit bodies with n-butanol, but the identity of the compound(s) was not determined. We suggest that the stimulation of Th2 by metabolites produced by A. bisporus and the relatively low level of inhibition of A. bisporus by Th2 facilitate colonization of compost by both fungi. However, as compost colonization reaches a maximum, a change in the competitive balance in favor of Th2 results in the inhibition of fruit body production by A. bisporus and the devastating green mold epidemics affecting mushroom production.

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Mouzaki, Athanasia, Maria Theodoropoulou, Ioannis Gianakopoulos, Vassiliki Vlaha, Maria-Christina Kyrtsonis e Alice Maniatis. "Expression patterns of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) at presentation and their modulation by intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) treatment: their role in prognosis". Blood 100, n. 5 (1 settembre 2002): 1774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v100.5.1774.h81702001774_1774_1779.

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Childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) resolves usually after the first episode, although it may recur, and in 10% to 20% of patients develops into a chronic disorder. Evidence of the immunoregulatory role of Th1/Th2 responses in autoimmune diseases prompted us to perform a prospective study of Th1/Th2 gene expression profiles and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plasma levels in 18 children (median age, 6.4 years) with acute ITP, before and after intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) infusion, and during a follow-up period (0.5-5 years). Initially, 12 of 18 patients had either low Th0/Th1 plus interleukin 10 (IL-10) or no in vivo cytokine gene expression (0). At 24 hours after IVIg infusion this pattern became 0 or Th2 (9 of 12) or remained low Th0/Th1 (3 of 12). During follow-up these patients did not relapse and maintained 0 or Th2 pattern without IL-10. Of the remaining 6 patients, 4 presented with a Th1 or Th0/Th1 pattern plus IL-10 that persisted after IVIg treatment (although interferon γ [IFN-γ] expression diminished) and stabilized to Th1 plus IL-10 at follow-up, which was marked by infrequent episodes of ITP. Two patients presenting with a strict Th1 pattern characterized by high expression of IFN-γ, which remained unchanged after IVIg and at follow-up, can be characterized as chronic ITP. TGF-β plasma levels were low in patients with active disease and increased in remission. Overall, acute ITP presents with Th1, Th0/Th1, or 0 in vivo cytokine gene expression. Stable remission is associated with a 0 or Th2 pattern. A 0 or Th2 pattern after IVIg gave the best prognosis, whereas sustained high expression of IFN-γ and refractoriness to IVIg were the main indicators of poor prognosis.

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Hsieh, Chia-Chen, Wen-Huang Peng, Hsien-Hao Tseng, Shan-Yuan Liang, Li-Jen Chen e Jen-Chieh Tsai. "The Protective Role of Garlic on Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice". American Journal of Chinese Medicine 47, n. 05 (gennaio 2019): 1099–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x19500563.

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Asthma is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Garlic extracts have long been used as a food source and in traditional medicine. Crude extracts of garlic are used as an anti-inflammatory agent and have been reported to exhibit antiasthmatic properties. However, molecular mechanisms of garlic extracts in the context of antiasthmatic airway inflammation are still unclear. In this study, the antiasthmatic effect of garlic extracts on Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine profiles and immunoregulatory mechanism were explored using an animal model of allergic asthma. Garlic extracts significantly reduced total inflammatory cell counts and eosinophil infiltration and decreased the production of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus IgE in serum and Th1/Th2/Th3 cytokine in bronchoalveolar fluid. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis demonstrated that garlic extracts downregulated the levels of cytokines and chemokines, namely Th2-related IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13; but they simultaneously upregulated Th1-related IFN-[Formula: see text], IL-12, and Th3-related IL-10 and TGF-[Formula: see text] expression in BALF. The mechanism may be ascribed to the modulation of Th1-, Th2-, and Th3-related cytokine imbalance.

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Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Cherie Michelle Roche e Ashish Arora. "Dendritic cells pulsed with either secretory antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or live mycobacteria show a differential expansion of Th1, Th2 and Th3 type T cells in immune mice (92.10)". Journal of Immunology 178, n. 1_Supplement (1 aprile 2007): S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.92.10.

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Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) can prime naïve or immune T cells and expand Th1, Th2 and Th3 type of T cells that determine protection against pathogens. While the Th1 immunity has been thought to be protective against tuberculosis, the ability of vaccines to induce Th1-Th3 immunity is unclear. Emerging tuberculosis vaccines include DNA vaccines encoding 85 complex (A, B, C), ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (ES antigens) or live attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in comparison with BCG vaccine. Interestingly, MTB H37Rv secretes all three ES antigens while BCG secretes Ag85 but lacks ESAT-6 and CFP-10. We therefore hypothesized that ES antigens and live bacteria may induce different types of T cell responses and the efficacy of vaccines delivering these would vary in mice. METHODS: Bone marrow derived C57Bl/6 DCs were infected with live H37Rv or BCG or were pulsed with Ag85(ABC), ESAT-6 or CFP-10 antigens. After 24 h, they were cocultured with naïve T cells or immune T cells from heat killed MTB immunized mice. T cells were then stained for intracellular T-bet/IFN-γ, GATA3/IL-4 and Foxp3/IL-10 to determine the expansion of Th1, Th2 and Th3 response respectively. RESULTS: ES antigens induced a strong Th1 response with very little Th2 or Th3 responses in immune T cells. Paradoxically, H37Rv and BCG induced a Th1 response as well as significant levels of Th2 and Th3 type of T cells. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that live mycobacterial vaccines concurrently induce deleterious Th2 and Th3 T cells during vaccination or infection that may affect the protective function of Th1 T cells.

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Jeannin, P., Y. Delneste, M. Seveso, P. Life e J. Y. Bonnefoy. "IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 and other stimuli in inducing IL-10 production by human T cells." Journal of Immunology 156, n. 9 (1 maggio 1996): 3159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.9.3159.

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Abstract IL-12, a potent inducer of IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells, has been recently reported to exacerbate an established Th2 response in vivo. However, the effect of IL-12 on Th2-lymphokine production remains unclear. Since IL-10 is a lymphokine associated with Th2 responses which decreases both IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production and IL-12 production by macrophages, we have analyzed here, in an APC-free system, the ability of IL-12 to modulate the production of human IL-10 by established Th0, Th1, and Th2 T cell clones (TCC), T cell lines, and purified peripheral blood T cells. IL-12 synergized with anti-CD3 mAb, Con A, or IL-2 in inducing IL-10 production by Th0, Th1, and Th2 TCC and by T cell lines. This effect was dose dependent (from 0.1 to 50 U/ml) and associated with an increase of IL-10 mRNA transcription. As previously reported, IL-12 also enhanced IFN-gamma production by stimulated Th1 and Th0 TCC and, to a lesser extent, IL-4 production by stimulated Th0 and Th2 TCC. These observations were extended to peripheral blood T cells stimulated in the presence of exogenous IL-2. Moreover, using neutralizing anti-IL-2 Ab, we report that endogenous IL-2 produced by stimulated Th0 TCC could in part contribute to the effect of IL-12 on IL-10 and IL-4 production. In conclusion, IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 and other stimuli in inducing IL-4 and IL-10 production by T cells. This property may help to explain why IL-12 does not efficiently down-regulate an established Th2 response.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Th2"

Podgaec, Sérgio. "Padrões de resposta imune em pacientes com endometriose". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-31102006-105026/.

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Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação e a predominância dos padrões de resposta imune Th1 e Th2 em pacientes com endometriose. Pacientes e Métodos: Entre Fevereiro de 2004 e Abril de 2005 foram avaliadas 98 pacientes divididas em dois grupos de acordo com a presença (Grupo A) ou ausência de endometriose (Grupo B), confirmada histologicamente. Foram coletados sangue periférico e fluido peritoneal de todas as pacientes para a dosagem de interleucinas (IL) 2, 4 e 10, fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-alfa) e interferon-gama (IFN-gama) por citometria de fluxo. Além da presença da endometriose, foram analisadas a fase do ciclo menstrual, o quadro clinico, o estadiamento, o local de acometimento e a classificação histológica da moléstia. Resultados: Observou-se elevação estatisticamente significante nas concentrações de IFN-gama (mediana de 1,5pg/ml no Grupo A e de 0,4pg/ml no Grupo B, p=0,03) e de IL-10 (mediana de 38,6pg/ml no Grupo A e de 15,7pg/ml no Grupo B, p=0,03) do fluido peritoneal das pacientes com endometriose em relação àquelas sem a doença. As pacientes com endometriose apresentaram alteração estatisticamente significativa na relação das concentrações de IL-4/IFN-gama (p<0,001), IL-4/IL-2 (p=0,006), IL-10/IFN-gama (p < 0,001) e IL-10/IL-2 (p<0,001) do fluido peritoneal, com concentrações mais elevadas da IL-4 e da IL-10, o que reflete o predomínio da resposta Th2 sobre a Th1. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, neste estudo, observou-se elevação de citocinas relativas à resposta imune Th2, denotando haver um predomínio deste padrão de resposta em pacientes com endometriose.
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the relation and the predominance of the immune response patterns Th1 and Th2 in patients with endometriosis. Patients and Methods: Between February 2004 and April 2005, 98 patients were evaluated and divided into two groups, according to the presence (Group A) or absence of endometriosis (Group B), confirmed by histology. Peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid were collected from all patients to obtain the concentrations of interleukines (IL) 2, 4 and 10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) using flow cytometry. Besides the presence of endometriosis, we analyzed phase of menstrual cycle, clinical complaints, classification, site and histological differentiation of the disease. Results: We observed higher concentrations of IFN-gamma (median of 1.5pg/ml in Group A and 0.4pg/ml in Group B, p = 0.03) and IL-10 (median of 38.6pg/ml in Group A and 15.7pg/ml in Group B, p = 0.03) in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis in relation to those without the disease. Patients with endometriosis presented a significant alteration in IL-4/IFN-gamma (p < 0.001), IL-4/IL-2 (p = 0.006), IL-10/IFN-gamma (p < 0.001) and IL-10/IL-2 (p<0.001) ratio concentrations of peritoneal fluid, with IL-4 and IL-10 predominance, reflecting a Th2 response predominance over the Th1. Conclusion: The results allow concluding that, in this study, it was observed a cytokine elevation related to Th2 immune response, indicating a predominance of this pattern of response in patients with endometriosis.

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Strzelczyk, Barbara. "Cytokin mRNA profil i perifera mononukleära celler hos barn med födoämnesallergi". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-58649.

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Rao, Venkata Lakshmi Prakruthi. "Epigenetic Reprogramming at the Th2 Locus". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1543838686940608.

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Ahyi, Ayélé-Nati. "The role of PU.1 and IRF4 interaction in the biology and function of T helper 2 cells". Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1882.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Title from screen (viewed on August 26, 2009). Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Mark Kaplan. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-125).

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Costa, Fernando Augusto Miranda da. "Resposta imune in vitro aos antígenos de Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) em homens na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-04022014-155625/.

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Introdução: O Papilomavírus Humano está muito bem associado com diversos tipos de cânceres humanos, como câncer anogenital e oral. Alguns estudos demonstram que o aparecimento de lesões e a progressão para o câncer estão relacionados ao tipo de resposta imune do hospedeiro. Deste modo, evidências indicam que a resposta imune do hospedeiro tem um papel muito importante para o curso da infecção pelo HPV. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta imune específica in vitro ao Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) em homens com lesões causadas por HPV e sem lesão por HPV. Material e Métodos: Foram recrutados 31 pacientes e 11 voluntários, que formaram 4 grupos de estudo; sendo 12 pacientes no Grupo A (HIV +/ HPV +); 09 pacientes no Grupo B (HIV-/HPV+); 10 pacientes no Grupo C (HIV+/ HPV-); e 11 indivíduos saudáveis no Grupo D (HIV-/HPV-). Foram realizados ensaios de cultura celular para mensurar a resposta celular específica \"in vitro\" do tipo Th1/Th2/Th17 (INF-y, IL-2, TNFalfa, IL-4, IL-10 e IL-17) sob o estímulo da vacina quadrivalente do HPV (HPV 6, 11, 16 e 18) e à proteína E7 de HPV-16. Resultados: O grupo coinfectado (HIV +/ HPV+) apresentou níveis mais elevados de citocinas, principalmente do perfil Th2, comparando-se com os dados dos demais grupos de estudo. O grupo coinfectado apresentou níveis elevados de IL-6 e IL-10 (Perfil Th2) em relação ao grupo controle (HIV-/HPV-), com significância estatística (p < 0.0001 e p < 0.0001, respectivamente). Conclusão: Foi demonstrada uma elevada produção de citocinas no grupo HPV+/HIV+, sugerindo uma forte imunomodulação pela coinfecção HIV/HPV. Entretanto, novos estudos devem ser realizados para comprovar estes dados. Além de apresentar um perfil essencialmente Th2 do grupo coinfectado, principalmente pelos níveis elevados de IL-6 e IL-10 apresentados, sugerindo que estas duas citocinas possam servir como biomarcadores para persistência viral, uma vez que, os pacientes soropositivos para HIV apresentam maior persistência de HPV, e monitorar a progressão para lesões mais graves
Introduction: Human Papillomavirus is associated with different types of human cancers, such as anogenital and oral cancer. Some studies show that the appearance of lesions and progression to cancer are related to the type of host immune response. Thus, evidence indicates that the host immune response has a role key in the course of HPV infection. Objective: To evaluate the specific immune response in vitro to HPV in men with lesions caused by HPV and without injury caused by HPV. Methods: We recruited 31 patients and 11 volunteers, who formed four groups, with 12 patients in Group A (HIV+/HPV+); 09 patients in Group B (HIV-/HPV+); 10 patients in Group C (HIV+/HPV-) and 11 healthy subjects in Group D (HIV-/HPV-). Cells culture assay was performed to measure the specific immune response \"in vitro\" Th1/Th2/Th17 (IFN-y, IL-2, TNF-alfa, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17) under the stimulation of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18) and the E7 protein of HPV-16. Results: The coinfected group (HIV+/HPV+) had higher levels of cytokines, especially Th2 profile, compared with data from the other study groups. The coinfected group showed high levels of IL-6 and IL-10 (Th2 profile) compared to the control Group (HIV- /HPV-), with statistical significance (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high production of cytokines in the coinfected group, suggesting a strong immunomodulation by coinfection HIV/HPV. However, further studies should be conducted to confirm these data. In addition to presenting essentially a Th2 profile, especially by high levels of IL-6 and IL-10 presented, suggesting that these two cytokines may serve as biomarkers for viral persistence, since HIV seropositive patients have a higher persistence of HPV, and monitor the progression to more serious injuries

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Persson, Marie, Christina Ekerfelt, Jan Ernerudh, Leif Matthiesen, Martina Sandberg, Yvonne Jonsson, Göran Berg e Maria C. Jenmalm. "Reduced IFN-γ and IL-10 responses to paternal antigens during and after pregnancy in allergic women". Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84900.

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Normal pregnancy and allergy are both characterized by a T helper (Th) 2 deviation. In the current study, we hypothesized that paternal antigen-induced cytokine responses during pregnancy would be deviated toward Th2 and an anti-inflammatory profile, and that the Th2 deviation would be more pronounced in allergic pregnant women. Blood samples were collected longitudinally on three occasions during pregnancy and two occasions post partum (pp). Of the 86 women initially included, 54 women had a normal pregnancy and completed the sampling procedures. Twelve women fulfilled the criteria for allergy (allergic symptoms and circulating immunoglobulin [Ig] E antibodies to inhalant allergens) and 20 were non-allergic (nonsensitized without symptoms). The levels of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines, the Th17 cytokine IL-17 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 of the groups were compared. Paternal antigen-induced IL-4 and IL-10 responses increased between the first and the third trimester. Allergy was associated with decreased paternal antigen-induced IFN-γ and CXCL10 secretion in the nonpregnant state (one year pp) and also decreased IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-13 ratios during pregnancy. We also observed a decreased paternal antigen-induced IL-10 response in allergic compared with non-allergic women during pregnancy, along with a decreased IL-10/IL-13 ratio. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis of lower Th1 responses toward paternal antigens in allergic than in non-allergic women, but also indicate that allergy is associated with a lower capacity to induce anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses after paternal antigen stimulation during pregnancy.

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council||Cancer and Allergy Association||Olle Engkvist Foundation||Vardal Foundation for Health Care Sciences and Allergy Research||National Swedish Association against Allergic Diseases||Linkoping University Hospital||

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Chiang, Sonnig Sue Whei. "Th1/Th2 imbalance in schizophrenia". Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-35074.

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Zhang, Ping. "The selective effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on murine Th1 and Th2 cell development". Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4148.

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To examine how dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect Th2 cell development, female C57BL/6 mice were fed a washout corn oil (CO) diet for 1 wk followed by 2 wk of either the same CO diet or a fish oil (FO) diet. CD4+ T cells were isolated from spleens and cultured under both neutral (anti-CD3 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)) and Th2 polarizing conditions (anti-CD3 and PMA, in presence of rIL-4, rIL-2, and anti-IFN-ÃÂ³) in the presence of homologous mouse serum (HMS) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 2 d. Dietary n-3 PUFA significantly enhanced Th2 cell development and suppressed Th1 development under neutral conditions as assessed by intracellular cytokine staining for IL-4 and IFN-ÃÂ³ as the two prototypic Th2 and Th1 cytokines, respectively. However, under Th2 polarizing conditions, while the suppression of Th1 cells was maintained in FO-fed mice, no dietary effect was observed in Th2 cells. Dietary FO increased the Th2/Th1 ratio under both neutral and Th2 polarizing conditions with HMS in the cultures. To examine the effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on Th1 development, DO11.10 Rag2-/- mice expressing transgenic T cell receptor specific for ovalbumin (OVA) peptide were used. CD4+ T cells were isolated from spleens and lymph nodes and stimulated with ovalbumin (OVA) peptide and irradiated BALB/c splenocytes in the presence of rIL-12, anti-IL-4, and rIL-2 in HMS for 2d. Cells were expanded for another 3 d in the presence of rIL-2 and rIL-12. Dietary n-3 PUFA did not affect Th1 differentiation as assessed by the proportion of IFN-ÃÂ³+, IL-4- T cells in the cultures, but suppressed rIL-2 induced expansion. The suppressed expansion was due to suppressed proliferation (p<0.05). In vivo expansion of antigen-specific T cells was visualized by flow cytometric analysis of CFSE-positive transgenic T cells. Dietary n-3 PUFA did not appear to affect antigen-induced CD4+ T cell cycle progression in vivo. Overall, these results suggest dietary n-3 PUFA have no direct effect on Th2 cell development but do directly suppress Th1 cell development following both mitogenic and antigenic stimulation in vitro.

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Gonçales, Juliana Prado. "Associação entre a infecção pelo trichuris trichiura, produção de citocinas e doenças alérgicas das vias respiratórias (asma) em crianças da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16508.

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A prevalência de doenças alérgicas, como rinite e asma, é menor em países subdesenvolvidos, onde há uma maior exposição a agentes infecciosos, como os helmintos. A relação entre infecções com T. trichiura e a prevalência das doenças alérgicas e reatividade cutânea ainda não está estabelecida. Os estudos divergem quanto à alteração (potencializar ou reduzir) do quadro clínico e/ou testes cutâneos, bem como, a carga parasitária da população estudada. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar se existe diferença entre a ocorrência de asma alérgica, prick test, níveis séricos das citocinas IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α e anticorpos IgE anti-ascaris em crianças com infecção ativa por T. trichiura. Para isto, crianças com ou sem asma foram definidas pelo questionário ISAAC, foram realizados o prick-test, parasitológico (Hoffman/Kato Katz) e coleta de sangue, que foi submetido a cultura (estimulada com PHA) e o sobrenadante coletado para a dosagens das citocinas (CBA). A prevalência de crianças com parasitológico positivo foi de 16,9 % (61/361 crianças), entre essas 27,9 % (17/61) foram positivas para infecção por Trichuris trichiura (12/17) ou co-infectadas por Trichuris trichiura/ Ascaris lumbricoides (5/17). O grupo de pacientes infectados, com ou sem asma, produziram níveis significantemente elevados para todas as citocinas em relação ao grupo controle. Além disso, o grupo dos pacientes infectados sem asma apresentou um tendência maior de produção de IL-6, TNF-alfa e IL-10 que os com asma; os pacientes infectados e asmáticos apresentaram uma menor reatividade no Prick Test quando comprado aos asmáticos não infectados. Então, a infecção por T. trichiura parece modular positivamente os níveis das citocinas TNF-α, IL-10 e IL-6, mas em pacientes asmáticos estes níveis tendem a ser controlados. As reações de hipersensibilidade cutânea imediata parece ser menos frequente em asmáticos quando infectados. Os dados levantam a possibilidade de uma modulação mútua entre asma e tricuríase, favorecendo um estado de maior cronicidade de ambas entidades de doença.
The prevalence of allergic diseases such as rhinitis and asthma is smaller in developing countries, where there is a greater exposure to infectious agents, such as helminths. The relationship between infection with T. trichiura and the prevalence of allergic diseases and skin reactivity is not yet established. Studies differ as to the nature of the change (increase or reduce) in the clinical condition and/or skin tests, as well as the parasite load of the studied population. The study aimed to determine whether there are differences between the occurrence of allergic asthma, prick test, serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and anti-Ascaris IgE antibodies in children with active infection by T. trichiura. For this purpose, children with and without asthma were defined by the ISAAC questionnaire, prick-test and parasitological (Hoffman/Kato Katz) were performed and blood samples were collected, which were then subjected to culture (stimulated with PHA) and the collected supernatant for cytokines measurements (CBA). The prevalence of children with positive parasitological was 16.9% (61/361 children), and among these 27.9% (17/61) were positive for Trichuris trichiura infection (12/17) or co-infected with Trichuris trichiura/Ascaris lumbricoides (5/17). The group of infected patients, with or without asthma, produced significantly high levels for all cytokines in the control group. Furthermore, the group of patients infected without asthma showed a greater tendency of IL-6,TNF-α and IL-10 production than those with asthma; infected and asthmatic patients had a lower reactivity in Prick Test when compared to those with asthma who were uninfected. Thus, the infection with T. trichiura positively modulates the levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 cytokines, but these levels in asthmatic patients tend to be controlled. The immediate hypersensitivity skin reactions appears to be less common in asthmatics when infected. The data raise the possibility of a mutual modulation between asthma and trichuriasis, favoring a state of chronic course on both disease entities.

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Kazak, Ilkay. "Th1-Th2-Zytokine bei entzündlicher Herzmuskelerkrankung". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/70/index.html.

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Libri sul tema "Th2"

The Th1-Th2 paradigm in disease. Austin, Tex: R.G. Landes Company, 1997.

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Romagnani, S. The Th1/Th2 paradigm in disease. New York: Springer, 1997.

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L, Adorini, a cura di. Immunointervention in autoimmunity by Th1/Th2 regulation. New York: Springer, 1997.

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Takumi, Takeuchi, a cura di. The Th1, Th2 paradigm and transplantation tolerance. Austin: R.G. Landes, 1994.

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Coffman, Robert L., e Sergio Romagnani, a cura di. Redirection of Th1 and Th2 Responses. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09709-0.

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L, Adorini, a cura di. Immunointervention in autoimmunity by Th1/Th2 regulation. Austin: R.G. Landes, 1997.

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Gause, William C., e David Artis, a cura di. The Th2 Type Immune Response in Health and Disease. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2911-5.

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Chen, Ko-Ming. Effect of TLR2 ligands and IL-4 on Th2 cutaneous inflammation. [S.l: s.n.], 2013.

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Waisman, Ari, e Burkhard Becher. T-helper cells: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana Press, 2014.

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Balding, Catherine Elizabeth Jane. The role of Th1 and Th2 cytokines at different sites of disease in Wegener's granulomatosis. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Th2"

Schönbach, Christian. "Th2 Response". In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 2164. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_750.

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Arampatzis, Adamantios, Lida Mademli, Thomas Reilly, Mike I. Lambert, Laurent Bosquet, Jean-Paul Richalet, Thierry Busso et al. "Th1/Th2 Cells". In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 849. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_3112.

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D’Elios, M. M., e G. Del Prete. "Th1/Th2 Cytokine Network". In From Basic Immunology to Immune-Mediated Demyelination, 68–82. Milano: Springer Milan, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2143-3_8.

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Mosmann, Tim R., e Deborah J. Fowell. "The Th1/Th2 Paradigm in Infections". In Immunology of Infectious Diseases, 161–74. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817978.ch12.

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Miossec, Pierre. "The Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in arthritis". In T Cells in Arthritis, 93–109. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8823-3_5.

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Miossec, Pierre. "The Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in arthritis". In T Cells in Arthritis, 93–109. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4285-8_5.

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Murphy, Theresa L., e Kenneth M. Murphy. "STAT Activation in TH1/TH2 Differentiation". In Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs), 419–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3000-6_28.

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Almerigogna, Fabio, Mario M. D'Elios, Marco De Carli e Gianfranco Del Prete. "Markers of Th1 and Th2 Cells". In Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 30–50. Basel: KARGER, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000319478.

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Druet, Philippe, Ramanathan Sheela e Lucette Pelletier. "Th1 and Th2 Cells in Autoimmunity". In Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 158–70. Basel: KARGER, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000319484.

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Kilgus, O., K. Hönemann, U. Arndts, U. Reinhold, G. Stingl e J. Ring. "TH1 and TH2 Response in Eczema". In New Trends in Allergy IV, 221–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60419-5_34.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Th2"

"Session-TH2". In 2010 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - MTT 2010. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2010.5516055.

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Yang, Tie. "Integrated Opto-Fluidic Microchip for Cell Application". In CIOMP-OSA Summer Session on Optical Engineering, Design and Manufacturing. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sumsession.2013.th2.

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Shah, A., D. Chhabra, A. Ghincea, F. Chung, E. R. Bleecker, A. M. Fitzpatrick, M. Castro et al. "Predictors of Asthma Exacerbations in Th2 High vs. Th2 Low Patients". In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a1336.

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Cook, D. P., C. Thomas, A. Wu, A. Norlander, D. A. Stoltz e R. S. Peebles. "Th2 Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis". In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a1993.

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Barry, J., P. Akuthota e D. J. Conrad. "Analysis of Th2 Biomarkers to Identify a Th2-High Subgroup of Cystic Fibrosis Patients". In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a1995.

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Hirose, M., Y. Inoue, A. Matsumuro, T. Arai, C. Sugimoto, S. Minamoto, K. Tachibana et al. "Impact of Th2 Cytokines in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4340.

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Huang, M., Z. Wang e Z. Chen. "MiR-1165-3p Downregulated in Th2 Cells Inhibits Th2 Differentiation in Allergic Asthma by Targeting PPM1A". In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a5557.

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Wang, Zhengxia, Mao Huang, Ningfei Ji e Mingshun Zhang. "MiR-1165-3p downregulated in Th2 cells inhibits Th2 differentiation in allergic asthma by targeting PPM1A". In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2363.

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"Session TH2: DC-DC converter technologies III". In 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2008.4592601.

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Inoue, Y., A. Matsumuro, M. Hirose, T. Arai, J. Otsuka, C. Sugimoto, S. Minamoto et al. "Profile of Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a3026.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Th2"

Zeng, Yulin, Liwei Wang, Hai Zhou e Yu Qi. Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles differentiating tuberculous from malignant pleural effusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0005.

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Review question / Objective: To clarify which one has a different predominance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses in malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions. We did a meta-analysis of the results published previously to assess the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in two types of pleural effusion and evaluated its ability to distinguish TPE from MPE. Condition being studied: Malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions are the two most common types of exudative pleural effusions, both of which can be seen with the typical accumulation of lymphocytes. Immune responses mediated by either the Th1 or Th2 subset dominate, depending on different types of pleural effusion. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of all available studies to quantitatively evaluate the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in TPE and MPE, as well as to assess the potential diagnostic value of these cytokines in discriminating TPE from MPE.

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P. Dixon. Mountain-Scale Coupled Processes (TH/THC/THM). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837563.

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Y.S. Wu. MOUNTAIN-SCALE COUPLED PROCESSES (TH/THC/THM)MODELS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883413.

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Rowen, Adam M., Christopher Daniel Nordquist e Michael Clement Wanke. Quantitative study of rectangular waveguide behavior in the THz. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001001.

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F.N. Skomurski, L.C. Shuller, U. Becker e R.C. Ewing. The Corrosion of UO2 Versus ThO2: a Quantum Mechanical Investigation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840135.

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Goolsbee, Austan, e Edward Maydew. Coveting Thy Neighbor's Manuafacturing: The Dilemma of State Income Apportionment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, giugno 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6614.

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Liu, H. H., Q. Zhou, J. Rutqvist e G. S. Bodvarsson. Understanding the impact of upscaling THM processes on performance assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813561.

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Gonzalez, David Gustavo, Gaoxue Wang, Enrique Ricardo Batista e Ping Yang. Analysis of the thermodynamic stability of ThO₂ and UO₂ surfaces in the presence of surfactant ligands. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1637695.

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Hartouni, Ed P. The Bells' Capture note TH-3054-CERN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1258525.

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Helmer, R. G., e C. W. Reich. An improvement in the value of the energy of the first excited state in [sup 229]Th. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6326722.

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