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Mitrofanova, Anastasia. "Religious Aspects of International Terrorism". Serbian Political Thought 4, n. 2 (2011): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spt.422011.2.
Testo completo
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Kavosh, Reza. "Religious Terrorism". Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 1, n. 2 (9 marzo 2015): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.1.2.152-167.2012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article explores religious terrorism, a concept that has received a lot of attention from academics and the international community. It briefly looks at the definitions of terrorism and religious terrorism, in order to give clarity to the rest of the article. The article presents two sides of a debate. One side is that religious terrorism is in fact a unique and separate phenomenon. The other side is that “religious terrorism” is not fundamentally different from terrorism, and rather is a misrepresentative term made up by academics in the West in order to further their political agenda... The authors argue that even if some people to justify violent acts use religion, nevertheless the basic tenets of most religions are peace and tolerance. Religion has the potential to prevent, mediate, and resolve conflict, as well as heal and reconcile after violence has occurred. In order to counter terrorism, religious leaders need to work tirelessly around the world to uphold the peaceful aspects of religion.
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KUŹNIAR, Zbigniew, e Artur FRONCZYK. "TERRORISM AS THREAT TO SECURITY OF CONTEMPORARY WORLD. SELECTED ASPECTS". Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 166, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2012): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3521.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article includes various definitions of terrorism, and the motives and methods of operation in terrorism in a broad sense. The article describes secular and religious terrorism with its common features and differences. In the article terrorism is presented as currently the biggest threat to international security. The authors describe some methods of carrying out terrorist attacks in the world, particularly in the United States and Great Britain.
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Halim, Abd, e Abdul Mujib Adnan. "Problematika Hukum dan Ideologi Islam Radikal [Studi Bom Bunuh Diri Surabaya]". Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam 2, n. 1 (4 novembre 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jua.v2i1.3572.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Radicalism in Islam is part of a socio-religious phenomenon that cannot be separated from many aspects. Besides economic and political interests, Radicalism in Islam can also be seen from the legal and ideological aspects. The law forms ideology, and the culmination of it is extremist action, including terrorism. Suicide bombings in Surabaya (2018) are part of the chain of� extremist action and terrorism. Understanding bombing cases like in Surabaya, is not enough to be seen from the outward aspects only but also the basic foundation for forming the awareness of the perpetrators. This paper uses the theory of social action from Pierre F. Bourdieu, to read how values are internalized into oneself and then externalized into suicides, as well as to map the domains and capital owned. This socio-political research proves that acts of terror, including suicide bombings, are actualizations of complex ideological symbolism. Therefore, terrorism is part of space competition, both the space for religious interpretation, the physical space for action, and the human space for image and evaluation. The justification of terrorism is supported by a set of legal and theological arguments, as well as terrorism action also have legal and theological tools
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Asroni, Ahmad. "Reconstruction of Islamic Religious Education to Encountering Terrorism and Islamic Radicalism". JMKSP (Jurnal Manajemen, Kepemimpinan, dan Supervisi Pendidikan) 8, n. 1 (17 giugno 2023): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/jmksp.v8i1.12022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this research is to explain the importance of reconstructing Islamic Religious Education (hereafter IRE) by creating tolerant and inclusive teachers. Besides that, this research also describes some steps which can be done by teachers in fighting terrorism and radicalism. This is literature research. The data was collected through the documentation method. These research findings revealed that the reconstruction of IRE is important and urgent to do. Recently, IRE is not effective enough to produce a tolerant and inclusive person. It can be seen that many terrorism perpetrators and Islamic radicalism are from both senior high school and university students. Besides that, the failure can be also observed from the result of the institution’s survey showing the low level of tolerance among students. Reconstruction of IRE covers some aspects such as curriculum, teacher, material, method, media, and evaluation. Without ignoring other aspects, IRE teachers have an important role in fighting terrorism and radicalism. It is to those who have tolerant and inclusive character. To yield a tolerant and inclusive person, it needs contribution from some parties such as higher education institutions, government, and society. There are some steps that can be taken by IRE teachers in fighting terrorism and radicalism, namely: (1) IRE teachers must be able to create a multicultural atmosphere; (2) IRE teachers must become good figures for their student’s concerning tolerance. The significant role of IRE teachers is expected to eradicate terrorism and radicalism at the educational institution level. If IRE teachers are not inclusive, IRE will be a good place to rise terrorism and Islamic radicalism.
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Zulfadli, Zulfadli. "RADIKALISME ISLAM DAN MOTIF TERORISME DI INDONESIA". AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 22, n. 1 (22 giugno 2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v22i1.570.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tulisan ini mengupas tentang fenomena radikalisme agama dan motif terorisme di Indonesia. Terorisme menjadi ancaman yang sangat serius dalam dinamika politik lokal, nasional dan internasional. Perang melawan terorisme sama halnya dengan perjuangan masa depan yang tidak berkesudahan. Membicarakan masalah terorisme, selalu dikaitkan dengan kelompok-kelompok radikal keagamaan. Begitu juga hal-hal yang berbau radikal selalu diidentikkan dengan kekerasan yang melibatkan agama di dalamnya. Fenomena terorisme yang melanda sebagian Negara, pelakunya senantiasa dipersepsikan sebagai kelompok radikal keagamaan. Lebih parah lagi banyak kalangan yang mencoba mengidentikkan terorisme dengan Islam. Penelitian ini munggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (libary research), yaitu penelitian yang sumber datanya diperoleh dari buku-buku dan jurnal yang membahas terorisme. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi motif terorisme di Indonesia yaitu motif politik, motif agama dan motif ideologi terorisme di Indonesia. Peneltian membuktikan bahwa rencana pembangunan Mall di sejumlah daerah, terjadinya jurang yang lebar antara orang kaya dan orang miskin, tidak terpenuhinya hak-hak masyarakat, orientasi pembangunan yang hanya mengedepankan aspek fisik, kurang memperhatikan aspek ruhani dan nilai-nilai sosial-keagamaan masyarakat, meluasnya kekerasan dan konflik merupakan faktor yang bisa menyuburkan terorisme
This article analyzes about the phenomena of religious radicalism and motives of terrorism in Indonesia. Terrorism becomes a very serious threat in the dynamics of local, national and international politics. The fight against terrorism as well as the struggle for the future that never-ending. Discussing about terrorism issue is always related to radical religious groups. Likewise, the radicalism is always identic with religious violence. The phenomena of terrorism which happen in some countries, the perpetrators are often perceived as a radical religious group. Even many people attempt to equate terrorism with Islam. This study refers to qualitative method with library research, namely the research which the sources obtained from books and journals about terrorism. This study identify the motives of terrorism in Indonesia that are political, religious, and ideological motives of terrorism in Indonesia. The findings of the research show that the building plans in some places, big gap between rich and poor people, unfulfilled community rights, building orietation which focuses on physical aspects, not paying attention to spiritual aspects and religion and social values, the spread of violences and conflicts are some factors which can improve terrorism.
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OGANESYAN, SERGEI S., e TARIM A. KHAADI. "Features of Legal Perception of the Phenomena of Extremism and Terrorism in Different Mental Civilizations: General Theoretical and Historical-Philosophical Aspects". Penitentiary science 15, n. 2 (30 giugno 2021): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2021-15-2-363-369.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: the article reveals how extremism and terrorism are perceived in different mental civilizations: paganism (polytheism), monotheism and scientific worldview, from the standpoint of the legal consciousness of ordinary, canonical and secularethnic groups. The aim is to show that those phenomena which in the modern world are called extremism and terrorism and are subject to criminal punishment were perceived in exactly the opposite way in the mental eras of paganism and monotheism. Research methods: we use analysis of historical information about the phenomena of extremism and terrorism in different eras, related to the civilizational mentality of ethnic groups and peoples; we also use generalization (synthesis) of the information obtained. Results: revealing the attitude toward the phenomena that are now called “extremism” and “terrorism” in different mental civilizations allows us not only to understand the historically determined nature of these phenomena, but also to build an adequate system to counter them by changing existing approaches and methods. Conclusions: modern religious extremists and terrorists representinterests of the religious worldview and the way of life that are leaving the historical arena. Their re-socialization should be carried out taking into account civilizational mentality of religious people, relying primarily on the tolerant capabilities of the Holy Scriptures themselves. In the coming years, against the background of the natural decline of religious extremism and terrorism, there will be a rise of such types of “secular” extremism and terrorism as political, social, racial and linguistic, i.e. all those types of extremism that are listed in Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In order to counteract these types of extremism, it is necessary, first of all, to develop high legal awareness in citizens; in this regard, it is crucial that educational and psychological services of the Russian Penal System carry out systemwide and purposeful work in this direction. Keywords: extremism; terrorism; monotheism; paganism; scientific worldview; religious wars
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Orlov, Yurii, Andrii Yashchenko e Yurii Danylchenko. "ETHNO-RELIGIOUS TERRORISM: ESSENCE, DIMENSIONS, CONCEPT". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, n. 4 (settembre 2018): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-244-251.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of the article is to identify, describe, and explain the essence of terrorism as a general civilizational criminal phenomenon, the characteristics of dimensions of its reproduction and the formation of its concept on this basis. The results of the study provided the grounds for several conclusions. First, ethno-religious terrorism is manifested as a cultural phenomenon, a special segment of the inhumane discourse of hostility and aggressive social practices. It appears as a reaction to the systemic planetary crisis of managing economics, culture, consumption of natural resources, and becomes possible in the result of the massive loss of identity, fragmentation of the world-view. Secondly, we have established that the specified type of terrorism is a segment of aggressive and violent crime, in the collective and psychological basis of which there is the religious and ideological and/or ethnic domination in the systems of socio-political practice, which is achieved through intimidation as a result of committed murders, destruction or damage to property, objects of nature and offenses of a preventive nature (financial, human resources, information, and other provision). Thirdly, ethno-religious terrorism exists within three dimensions: individual (the act of sacrifice, catharsis), group (integration, social orientation) and general (administrative practice, political criminal activity, the postmodern phenomenon of the culture). The applied value of the study is that the suggested vision of the nature and dimensions of ethno-religious terrorism can be used to improve the systemic principles of counteracting its reproduction. The latter should be reflected in the improvement of the provisions of the United Nations Global Counterterrorism Strategy through the consolidation of a coherent, coordinated system of level differentiation of anti-terrorist activities’ directions and measures. We note that without changing the basic approaches within the cultural, political, and economic aspects of the interaction of nations and peoples of the world with regard to their diversity and parity, proper autonomy, without stopping the global tendency towards marginalization, it is impossible to effectively counteract to ethno-religious terrorism. Value/originality. The new vision of a complex, multidimensional nature of ethno-religious terrorism has been formed in the work. Its nature is grounded as a civilizational phenomenon reflected on the level of discourse, mass social practices, global managerial strategies. It forms an empirically grounded theoretical basis for increasing the effectiveness of counteracting ethno-religious terrorism in Europe and the world in the whole.
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Sutawijaya, Darmawan. "BNPT's Strategy In Anticipating Terrorism Crimes Through Cross-Sectoral Cooperation Synergy In Indonesia". International Journal of Social Service and Research 3, n. 10 (25 ottobre 2023): 2616–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i10.565.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The development of global terrorist crimes has shown a significant increase in mode, quantity and quality, with Indonesia becoming one of the targets of terrorism. It was revealed that the local militant network had links to international networks. Terrorist activities utilize ideology and religion as tools to influence society and achieve their goals. Therefore, the Indonesian government faces the phenomenon of terrorism wisely, analyzing various aspects of national life to fight terrorism together with the international community. Terrorism aims to create fear and uncertainty, create panic, disrupt social stability and disrupt the relationship between society and government. Terrorism, both on an international and local scale, can hamper efforts to create a conducive investment climate within the country. Serious challenges arise from the failure of several key terrorist figures to be caught and the emergence of new forms of terrorist acts. Factors such as individual and group interests, social inequality, religious beliefs, injustice in law enforcement, and socio-cultural changes influence the development of terrorism. Countering terrorism requires a synergistic cross-sectoral cooperation strategy to create domestic security stability. Even though efforts have been made to deal with terrorism, public awareness of the dangers of terrorism is still weak. Effective strategies in anticipating terrorism include steps that support aggressive and diversified strategies, including increasing community resilience, revising laws, as well as deradicalization and communal rehabilitation programs. In a global context, terrorism has become a serious focus for countries around the world and is a UN program in its efforts to prevent and overcome it. The history of terrorism in Indonesia records an increase in the number and impact of acts of terrorism, including incidents such as the Bali Bombing, the JW Marriott hotel explosion, and the attack in front of the Australian Embassy Building. Joint efforts to confront and prevent terrorism in Indonesia must take into account regional characteristics, potential and influencing aspects, without sacrificing national interests and ethnic and religious sensitivities.
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Purnomo, Agus, e Kardi Kardi. "Implementasi Undang-Undang No 5 Tahun 2018 tentang Terorisme Melalui Penguatan Moderasi Beragama". Justicia Islamica 20, n. 1 (25 giugno 2023): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v20i1.6338.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article aimed to find the form of the role of strengthening religious moderation in implementing Law No. 5 of 2018 concerning Terrorism, considering that the two have overlapping focuses. This paper is based on field research conducted at two State Islamic Higher Education (PTKIN) that feature religious moderation programs. The approach taken in this research was legal sociology, precisely legal effectiveness. As a result, the form of strengthening religious moderation carried out by PTKIN in preventing radicalism, which is part of combating terrorism, has not played a significant role. Differences in the conditions of the regions where PTKIN is located are insufficient to differentiate the programs to enhance religious moderation. Therefore they have no implications for the role performed in preventing the notion of radicalism, particularly terrorism. Factors that create obstacles to implementing Law No. 5 of 2018 through strengthening religious moderation are aspects of the legal structure and legal substance.
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Ayupova, Zaure, Аliya Seralieva e Bakhytzhan Saparov. "Legal Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Counteracting Terrorism and Religious Extremism". Russian Journal of Criminology 15, n. 4 (10 settembre 2021): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(4).476-483.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article discusses the problems of legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan aimed at counteracting terrorism and religious extremism. The goal of research is the development of political and legal mechanisms of preventing terrorism and religious extremism in modern Kazakh society, the analysis of key reasons behind the spread of extremist attitudes among some believers, the study of key factors behind the extremist religious ideology. The methodological basis of this research is the dialectic method freed from materialistic or idealistic monism and grounded in pluralistic, multi-linear interdependence of all political and legal phenomena. The authors used formal-legal and comparative-legal methods. They researched the State Program of Counteracting Religious Extremism and Terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2018–2022, which foresees predominantly preventive measures. The key task of ensuring state security in a rule-of-law state with a well-developed legal system, which the Republic of Kazakhstan is, mainly consists in the development and successful enforcement of legal mechanisms of governance. In the modern world, religious and political extremism remains a phenomenon that destroys the basis of state power and the system of state governance, instigates hatred of representatives of other religious denominations, and contradicts the standards of morality and public behavior. Terrorism and religious extremism are a real threat to stability not only for the Republic of Kazakhstan, but for all countries of the world. The improvement of basic aspects in the criminal sphere, including the prevention of specific terrorism-related crimes, remains very topical today. The classification of criminal law norms connected with counteracting terrorism and religious extremism is based on a number of key indicators of criminal policy and fundamental criminal law institutes, whose description constitutes the main body of this article.
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Saleh, M. Nurul Ikhsan. "The Religious Leaders' View on Deradicalization Efforts through the Islamic Educational Institutions and Anti-Terrorism Law in Yogyakarta". Progresiva : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pendidikan Islam 11, n. 01 (15 giugno 2022): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/progresiva.v11i01.21834.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The government continues to carry out various de-radicalization efforts in responding to the phenomenon of terrorism and acts of religious-based extremism that have occurred in Indonesia in the last two decades. One of the deradicalization efforts is carried out through the application of the anti-terrorism law, although many parties are still debating the effectiveness of its enforcement. On the other hand, efforts to deradicalize the government through Islamic educational institutions need to be continued because this aspect is considered the most likely to moderate the understanding of the younger generation of Muslims. This study uses a qualitative approach, with a case study method that examines the views of religious leaders (lecturers and activist of Islamic religious organizations) on the role of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia in the process of deradicalization and counter-terrorism. Clearly, this study reveals the need for the involvement of Islamic educational institutions in encouraging religious deradicalization programs, particularly on several aspects such as character building, moderate meaning of Islamic doctrine, understanding of the diversity of Islamic history and Fiqh, creation of comparative thought narratives, and taking appropriate action initiatives. good. Thus, this research concludes that the government needs to strengthen efforts to deradicalize through Islamic educational institutions and evaluate the effectiveness of implementing anti-terrorism laws.
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Luq Yana Chaerunnisa e Mohammad Andi Hakim. "Women and Terrorism: An Interdisciplinary Study of Peacebuilding Education". At-Tarbawi: Jurnal Kajian Kependidikan Islam 8, n. 1 (30 giugno 2023): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/attarbawi.v8i1.6663.
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Women's involvement in terrorism activities has increased over the past 10 years. The role of women, which was initially as supporters of acts of terrorism, has transformed into perpetrators of terrorism. This article focuses on the factors of women's involvement in acts of terrorism as well as peace building actions to overcome it. This research is a literature research using an interdisciplinary approach. This study concludes that women's involvement in acts of terrorism is not only in the name of religion, but also due to various aspects of life such as ideological doctrine, political, economic and personal factors. Peace building efforts towards women's involvement in acts of terrorism can be a solution in tackling radicalism. The approaches needed include the deradicalization, religious and ideological, psychological, economic, socio-cultural, legal and political approach. The use of information technology and community-based approaches are also important factors in tackling this problem.
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Zubrzycki, Waldemar. "The Terrorism of Islamic Fundamentalists". Internal Security 9, n. 2 (9 luglio 2018): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1710.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fundamentalism is a general term denoting religious movements which consider religious traditions to be of the highest importance and are reluctant to introduce any changes which are seen as an infringement of religious identity. Fundamentalism is a characteristic of all religions in the world, however, in the case of Islam — in the recent years — it has often been the cause of terrorist acts. The dogmata of Islam are defined in the Quran, according to which there are five pillars of Islam to which every Muslim has to adhere. The characteristic feature of Islamic fundamentalism is to introduce specific ways of life based on traditional standards described in the Quran, they define social and political aspects of life as well as detachment from the Western way of life. The cause of this is frustration and social dissatisfaction along with a rejection of modern methods and changes proposed by the West. Preaching slogans which encourage fighting against injustice and demoralisation in the name of creating “a better world”, along with a proprietary right to interpret the verses of the Quran, results in the promotion of terrorism, including suicide attacks. The cult of sacrificing one’s own life is treated in Islam as a heroic deed, in which the doer sacrifices what he deems most important. Martyrdom, glory after death, the sense of self-sacrifice for the sake of a divine cause are factors which make Islamic terrorists accept their own demise and this is not considered as the end of their existence but rather its beginning and privileged because of the sacrifice of one’s life for Islam. The foundation of Islamic terrorism is the rivalry between the values of the West and the fundamentalist and traditionalist tendencies of the Arabic countries. Anti-West attitudes together with a politicised version of Islam are major threats not only to both sides but also the whole world.
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Syofyan, Donny. "SOME NOTES ON RELIGIOUS RADICALIZATION AND TERRORISM IN INDONESIA". Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic & Social Studies 2, n. 2 (20 dicembre 2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v2i2.111.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<em>Terrorism is no longer security issue in Indonesia. It truly goes above and beyond it, namely intellectual and cultural dimensions. Representing non security issues, critical education, religious depersonalization, the need for ambassadors, reconciling liberal and fundamental Muslims and cyber religion constitute major aspects to be viewed when it comes to fathoming religious radicalization and terrorism across the country. Various terrorist attacks have taken place across Indonesia in the past few years. Different approaches ranging from security to cultural modes have been applied. Yet, expected outcome, which is peace, remains far from public hope. Rather than spending physical and financial resources, intellectual approach is seriously pressing. This article attempts to look into the very nature of religious radicalization leading to terrorist acts across the country.</em>
Terorisme tidak lagi mencakup masalah keamanan di Indonesia. Ini benar-benar berjalan di atas dan di luar itu, yaitu dimensi intelektual dan budaya. Mewakili masalah keamanan non, pendidikan kritis, depersonalisasi agama, kebutuhan untuk duta besar, mendamaikan umat Islam liberal dan fundamental dan agama maya merupakan pembuktian aspek utama yang harus dilihat ketika datang ke fathoming radikalisasi agama dan terorisme di seluruh negeri. Berbagai serangan teroris telah terjadi di seluruh Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Pendekatan yang berbeda mulai dari keamanan untuk mode budaya telah diterapkan. Namun, hasil yang diharapkan, yaitu perdamaian, masih jauh dari harapan masyarakat. Daripada menghabiskan sumber daya fisik dan keuangan, pendekatan intelektual secara serius menekan. Artikel ini mencoba untuk melihat ke dalam sifat radikalisasi agama yang mengarah ke tindakan teroris di seluruh negeri
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Syamsul Bahri e Sri Suyanta. "KONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN PROFESOR YUSNY SABY DALAM MENGATASI RADIKALISME DAN EKSTREMISME". Kalam: Jurnal Agama dan Sosial Humaniora 12, n. 1 (7 luglio 2024): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47574/kalam.v12i1.252.
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This article discusses Prof. Yusny Saby's thoughts on strategies and practices in reducing radicalism and extremism. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive exploratory method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. Data analysis techniques include grouping information, coding emerging themes, and developing descriptive narratives to comprehensively depict the informant's views and contributions. The findings indicate that Prof. Yusny's understanding encompasses several key aspects: 1) Religious Cosmology: Prof. Yusny emphasizes human responsibility as God's stewards on earth, with Pancasila as the microcosm of religious values. 2)Terrorism and Jihad: Terrorism contradicts Islamic teachings of rahmatan lil’alamin, and jihad should include sincere efforts like seeking knowledge and upholding justice, not merely physical warfare. 3)Musyawarah and Democracy: The concept of musyawarah in Islam aligns with democratic principles, and leaders should be chosen based on expertise and understanding. 4) Public Services and Law Enforcement: Addressing terrorism in Indonesia must focus on justice in public services and law enforcement to prevent dissatisfaction that triggers radicalism. 5) Humane Approach and Ulama Certification: A humane approach and guidance involving idol figures from extremist circles, as well as ulama certification, are necessary to ensure the correct delivery of religious teachings.
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Dragomir, Andreea-Nicoleta, e Sergiu-Gabriel Berindea. "Terrorist Behaviour - Between Psychological and Social". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 29, n. 2 (1 giugno 2023): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2023-0037.
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Abstract The paper captures some of the trends in terrorist behaviour based on an analysis of demographic, historical, psychological and political factors. Rational choice theory also shows that this behavioural tendency is nothing more than an adaptation to, or a rejection of, governmental policy changes. The causes of terrorism are complex and multi-dimensional, including social, political, economic, cultural and psychological aspects. One of the most common causes of terrorism is discrimination, i.e. perceived oppression or discrimination against an ethnic, religious or cultural group; and political conflict (terrorism can be used as a means to influence political decisions). Sociologically, even criminologically, terrorism cannot be reduced to the form of insanity or mental disorder, as it is essentially a political act with political aims. It can also be pointed out that some terrorists may suffer from psychiatric problems or behavioural disorders, but the causes of terrorism go much deeper, such as social frustration, moral indignation, the desire to change an unjust situation or to achieve a specific political goal.
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Wiji Utomo, Wahyu. "Islam and Terrorism in Political Framing". Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam 9, n. 1 (8 giugno 2022): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/politica.v9i1.3873.
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Abstract
The bombing in Bali on October 12, 2002, the bombing of the WTC in the US on September 11, 2011, and other bombings were international acts. The bombing incident that took place at the international level has opened the eyes of various parties to the dangers of attack. After that, the US and the West joined forces to fight the enemy. What is a problem that often occurs is the accusation of terrorism put forward by Muslims so that Islamic teachings are marginalized and blasphemed by the west. Islam has become a scourge and brings havoc, as a result of terror attacks that have been carried out by people of other religions against Muslims, especially in countries with Muslim minorities. At the same time, framing of Muslims who are attached to terrorism and radicalism is always echoed, from within Islam and from outside Islam though, both in various elements including in the political field. This article seeks to find an understanding of terrorism, which is often framed based on Islamic teachings, whereas actions do not only focus on religious sentiments but actions that come from many more complex aspects. Because if it is not immediately straightened out, the public perception of Islam and terrorism will become a source of disharmony within the religious community and also the state, plus the bad framing of Islam becomes public consumption that is still common to current political interests.
Keywords: Islam, Terrorism, Framing, Politics
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Alicino, Francesco. "The Legal Treatment of Muslims in Italy in the Age of Fear and Insecurity". Journal of Law and Religion 37, n. 3 (settembre 2022): 478–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2022.42.
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AbstractAlthough diverging influences have always characterized the relation between religion and democracy, in Italy, tensions arising from these divergences are especially exacerbated by the country’s current religious diversity and plurality, and they are magnified when combined with chronic emergencies such as immigration and international terrorism. These critical factors complicate the application of freedom of religion and the supreme principle of secularism (principio supremo di laicità), which are essential parts of the Italian legal system. This article analyzes these aspects of the law by considering the relation between Islamic communities and the state. In particular, the article focuses on both endogenous influences (Italy’s traditional system of state-church relationship) and exogenous influences (immigration and international terrorism). These factors muddle the interpretation of constitutional rights, including the right of Muslims and Islamic groups to be equal and equally free before the law.
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Begalinova, Kalimash, Madina Ashilov e Alibek Begalinov. "RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM IN KAZAKHSTAN: THREATS OF SPREADING AND MEANS OF OPPOSITION". Central Asia and The Caucasus 21, n. 4 (17 dicembre 2020): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.12.
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Today, regional integration and globalization have added new dimensions to the problems of violence, religious extremism and terrorism that attract a lot of attention in the academic community of many counties. A polyconfessional and polyethnic state, Kazakhstan, where various trends of world religions are inevitably present, is especially aware of the problem of religious extremism. In these conditions, interconfessional relations as a guarantor of internal and external stability in our republic is one of its most important problems. This article presents the aspects related to the religious environment and threats of religious extremism in Kazakhstan and outlines feasible solutions.
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Kecskés, Tímea. "Women as Suicide Bombers". Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 12, n. 1 (30 giugno 2013): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2013.1.15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A discussion on suicide attacks as one of the most widespread means of modern terror- ism is considered commonplace nowadays. Hardly a day goes by without news about a terrorist act of this kind in some country – primarily in the Muslim World. Suicide attacks grew as a general means of modern terrorism at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s but it was not before 11th September 2001 that experts realized the need for a complex and comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the objectives and motivations of modern terrorists. As part of this process their studies also embraced less known female terrorism including its historical, social, and religious aspects.
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Handoko, Agus. "Analisis Kejahatan Terorisme Berkedok Agama". SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 6, n. 2 (1 aprile 2019): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v6i2.11041.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract:The term Terrorism surfaced in various parts of the world, both in European countries, the Middle East and even Asia, including Indonesia. Due to the emergence of every violence and destruction in every place with the loss of not only property and even human lives. The nickname of the Terrorists has always been addressed to certain groups who echoed jihad, and the events of terrorism which were of concern to the world at the time of the occurrence of an event the United States WTC (World Trade Center) Tower was bombed and destroyed on 11 September 2001. From the tragedy that eliminated thousands of human lives, the war on global terrorism (global war on terrorism) was officially proclaimed by Western countries. So that the study of terrorism invites the attention of various groups, both academics and agencies or national and international institutions by examining various aspects, namely through aspects of theology, ideology, and movements and networks. Until now terrorism has become a threat to the security and security of the country and also frightened the public. This paper will examine the growth of terrorism both inside and outside Indonesia which will elaborate terrorism in the name of religion.Keywords: Terrorism, Religious, Crime Abstrak.Istilah Terorisme mengemuka di berbagai belahan dunia, baik di negara-negara Eropa, Timur Tengah bahkan Asia termasuk Indonesia. Dikarenakan munculnya setiap kekerasan maupun kehancuran di setiap tempat dengan adanya kerugian tidak saja harta benda bahkan nyawa manusia. Julukan Teroris selalu dialamatkan pada kelompok tertentu yang mengumandangkan jihad, dan peristiwa terorisme yang menjadi perhatian dunia pada saat terjadinya suatu peristiwa Menara Kembar WTC (World Trade Center) milik Amerika Serikat dibom dan hancur pada tanggal 11 September 2001 lalu. Dari tragedi yang menghilangkan ribuan nyawa manusia, perang melawan terorisme global (global war on terrorism) resmi dikumandangkan oleh negara-negara Barat. Sehingga kajian mengenai terorisme mengundang perhatian berbagai kalangan, baik akademisi maupun instansi atau lembaga nasional maupun internasional dengan mengkaji dari berbagai macam aspek, yaitu melalui aspek Teologi, Ideologi, maupun gerakan-gerakan dan jaringannya. Sampai saat ini terorisme menjadi ancaman terhadap ketahanan dan keamanan negara dan juga membuat ketakutan di kalangan masyarakat. Makalah ini akan mengkaji seputar tumbuhnya terorisme baik di luar maupun dalam negeri Indonesia yang akan mengelaborasi terorisme atas nama keagamaan.Kata Kunci: Terorisme, Keagamaan, Kejahatan
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Yakhaev, Arsen Mukhtarovich. "On Some Aspects of Counteraction to the Ideology of Religious and Political Extremism and Terrorism". Islamovedenie 10, n. 3 (dicembre 2019): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2019-10-3-139-147.
Testo completo
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Afnan, Dikhorir. "TERORISME DALAM BINGKAI MEDIA MASSA". SOSFILKOM : Jurnal Sosial, Filsafat dan Komunikasi 12, n. 02 (27 dicembre 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32534/jsfk.v12i02.554.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The phenomenon of terrorism in Indonesia in the past decade has attracted publicattention, both nationally and internationally. There are those who react to it as usual, butsome also assume based on political, religious, social and ideological perspectives. As astrategic information tool, mass media is very likely to construct reality on the ground intoa news product that not only has business value, but is also loaded with the interests of themedia ideology itself. In the context of Communication Science, to describe the process ofselecting and highlighting specific aspects of reality in journalistic products, the analysisof framing (framing) can represent traditions that prioritize a multidisciplinary approachor perspective to analyze phenomena or communication activities.Keywords: Terrorism, Framing, Mass Media
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Usman Hameed, Khushbakht Qaiser e Zarfishan Qaiser. "A Comparative Study of National Laws Dealing with Terrorism in Broad and Narrow Senses, and their Implications for Civil Liberties, especially in the US and Pakistan". Journal of Peace, Development & Communication 07, n. 02 (30 giugno 2023): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v07-i02-14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
National strategies to combat terrorism differ from state to state relative to their capacity and general principles of the national justice system. For this reason, some states implement broad definitions of terrorism authorizing preventive action, even so no crime is committed. In contrast, there are states which adopt narrow definitions of terrorism to safeguard due process rights of the suspects. While this approach may be more humane, it undermines the ability of states to act in anticipation of a terrorist attack. Clearly, the emphasis of the former strategy is to preserve national security even at the cost of civil liberties. In reverse, the latter approach aims at preserving civil liberties despite the threat of terrorism. Recently, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has re-defined terrorism to narrow down its scope, making it applicable to those acts only which are motivated to coerce a government or intimidate a civilian population to advance a religious, sectarian and ethnic objective. In furtherance of the new interpretation, these courts will be trying only most serious cases, such as those involving attacks on state infrastructure or state personnel. Apart from these, all other acts will be deemed regular crimes for want of motive to commit terrorism. This article will elucidate whether states driven by national security concerns define the word terrorism broadly criminalizing even the preparatory acts, such as, making donation to the charitable arm of a designated entity. And which aspects regarding the above provides a narrow approach. Keywords: terrorism, transnational laws, judicial system, crime, preventive action.
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Imran, Sumera. "Analysis of Madrasa Education in Pakistan through the Lens of Media". Knowledge 1, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.63062/tk/2k22a.12301.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper explores the media's depiction of Madrasa education in Pakistan. Madras education is confronted with significant challenges in the modern world as it grapples with the persistent issues of radicalism and terrorism. This paper explores the challenges that Pakistan has faced since the 9/11 incident, including economic, religious, social, and political crises. These challenges have created a complex situation for the citizens of Pakistan. In the modern arena, Madaras are often associated with the production of Taliban, terrorism, and radicalism. This paper adopts a qualitative approach, with the researcher utilizing the library method for data collection. The data has been gathered from a wide range of secondary and scholarly sources, such as books, articles, journals, and websites. The data was presented thoughtfully using thematic analysis. It reveals that Pakistan has experienced a continuous state of adversity and challenges since the 9/11 incident. These difficulties have had a detrimental impact on its socio-economic, cultural, religious, political, and developmental aspects.
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Isaev, А., e V. Matvienko. "Religious-motivated forms of extremism in the modern world: institutional aspects of the analysis". Transbaikal State University Journal 27, n. 9 (2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-9-65-70.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The work deals with current institutional features of analysis of various forms and types of religious extremism in conditions of crisis phenomena. The study of theoretical approaches to the scientific problem outlined in the work allows us to make the assumption that interpretations of the institutional restructuring of religious extremism by foreign scientists are more timely and dynamic. The intended targeting algorithm involves a discursive assessment of the multidimensional definition of «religious extremism», with the subsequent determination of its localization in many current and emerging trends of a changing conflict landscape. The authors ascertain that there are significant institutional modifications of technological methods of recruitment in an extremist environment; they also write about the transformation of the variability of forms of destructive influence of religious-motivated types of extremism in connection with the global epidemiological situation; they emphasize the necessity to systematize and disseminate information and experience in the field of countering extremism and terrorism in their correlation with the growing negative phenomena of world development systemic crisis
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Toft, Audun. "When Terror Strikes: The 2015 Paris Attacks in Religious Education Classrooms in Norway". Religions 11, n. 4 (21 aprile 2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11040208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Terrorism is commonly considered to be a controversial issue in religious education (RE). RE teachers find it a challenging topic to address, and many avoid it altogether. This article explores the question of addressing terrorism in RE by analysing and discussing empirical observations of RE lessons in an upper secondary school in Norway in the weeks following the terror attacks in Paris in November 2015. Using framing theory, the article discusses aspects of the empirical case study, contextualised by the discussion about controversial issues in education. The main claim of the article is that, rather than seeing the terror attacks as a controversial issue in itself, the terror attacks should be treated as an event that has the potential to tap into several different controversial issues depending on the way it is framed. When addressed in the RE classroom, the teachers actively transform the event into a pedagogical issue, framed in accordance with the nature and aims of the subject. The students, however, often contest this pedagogical framing. This article discusses the interplay between teachers’ plans, students’ reactions, and the role of media in classroom interaction about the Paris attacks.
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Korolev, Y. A., e I. A. Komov. "Eco-terrorism of new religious movements as a practical implementation of the philosophy and politics of environmentalism in its religious aspect". Abyss (Studies in Philosophy, Political science and Social anthropology), n. 3 (15 settembre 2023): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2587-7534-2023-3-190-197.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the consideration of the ideological and political aspects of the eco-terrorist activities of new religious movements, mainly the Aum Shinrikyo organization. The destructive activism of neo-religions is considered in the light of the ideology of environmentalism - a politically expressed globalist ideology aimed at combating traditional religions. Considering the destructive activities of Aum Shinrikyo and its leader, Seku Asahara, the authors of the article pay attention to the political goals and plans of this organization, while revealing their religious origins.
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Ramdhan, Tri Wahyudi. "The NU’s Concept of Islam Nusantara in Dealing with Radicalism and Terrorism". Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman 30, n. 2 (4 luglio 2019): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v30i2.800.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
NU has explicitly voiced the importance of Muslims within and outside the country to reconsider and rethink the concept of Islam Nusantara in dealing with radicalism and terrorism. It is such a historical consciousness seen clearly from the roles played by the religious social organization in materializing the teachings of Ahlussunnah wal jamaah (Aswaja). On this stand, NU has been capable of brilliantly articulating religious teachings that are at least based on both textual and contextual aspects. The success of NU in propagating the concept of Islam Nusantara is due to the role of its prominent clerics and Muslim scholars (ulema) for skillfully being able to sow the seeds of Islamic teachings in a peaceful and courteous means in the face of any threats posed by the radical and extremist groups. On this stand, NU is committed to doing its best services for the country and even taking part in internationalizing its moderate and tolerant teachings of Islam to other countries.
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Bezchasniy, K. V. "Social and ethical aspects of suicide in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy «Anna Karenina» (Part 1)". V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, n. 3 (2 novembre 2018): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2018-3-97-105.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L.N. Tolstoy’s views of understanding of essence of a matter of life and death, because of the religious and philosophical discrepancies concerning suicide discussed in the Russian society of the middle of the 19th century. The atmosphere and a political situation in the country promoted formation of a «positive» image of the suicide and promotion of act of terrorism as kinds of a suicide. Tragic events in parental family of the writer were an incitement to reflections about life values which have formed the basis of the novel «Anna Karenina».
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Bezchasniy, K. V. "Social and ethical aspects of suicide in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy «Anna Karenina» Part 2". V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, n. 1 (15 maggio 2019): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2019-1-109-114.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L.N. Tolstoy’s views of understanding of essence of a matter of life and death, because of the religious and philosophical discrepancies concerning suicide discussed in the Russian society of the middle of the 19th century are covered in article. The atmosphere and a political situation in the country promoted formation of a «positive» image of the suicide and promotion of act of terrorism as kinds of a suicide. Tragic events in parental family of the writer were an incitement to reflections about life values which have formed the basis of the novel «Anna Karenina».
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De Cauwer, Harald, Francis Somville, Marc Sabbe e Luc J. Mortelmans. "Hospitals: Soft Target for Terrorism?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, n. 1 (8 dicembre 2016): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16001217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn recent years, the world has been rocked repeatedly by terrorist attacks. Arguably, the most remarkable were: the series of four coordinated suicide plane attacks on September 11, 2001 on buildings in New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, USA; and the recent series of two coordinated attacks in Brussels (Belgium), on March 22, 2016, involving two bombings at the departure hall of Brussels International Airport and a bombing at Maalbeek Metro Station located near the European Commission headquarters in the center of Brussels.This statement paper deals with different aspects of hospital policy and disaster response planning that interface with terrorism. Research shows that the availability of necessary equipment and facilities (eg, personal protective clothing, decontamination rooms, antidotes, and anti-viral drugs) in hospitals clearly is insufficient. Emergency teams are insufficiently prepared: adequate and repetitive training remain necessary.Unfortunately, there are many examples of health care workers and physicians or hospitals being targeted in both political or religious conflicts and wars. Many health workers were kidnapped and/or killed by insurgents of various ideology. Attacks on hospitals also could cause long-term effects: hospital units could be unavailable for a long time and replacing staff could take several months, further compounding hospital operations. Both physical and psychological (eg, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) after-effects of a terrorist attack can be detrimental to health care services. On the other hand, physicians and other hospital employees have shown to be involved in terrorism. As data show that some offenders had a previous history with the location of the terror incident, the possibility of hospitals or other health care services being targeted by insiders is discussed.The purpose of this report was to consider how past terrorist incidents can inform current hospital preparedness and disaster response planning.De CauwerH,SomvilleF,SabbeM,MortelmansLJ.Hospitals: soft target for terrorism?Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(1):94–100.
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Dillon, Michael. "Religion, Repression, and Traditional Uyghur Culture in Southern Xinjiang: Kashgar and Khotan". Central Asian Affairs 2, n. 3 (29 maggio 2015): 246–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142290-00203002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Islam remains central to the identity of the Uyghurs of southern Xinjiang. This article focuses on the cities of Kashgar and Khotan in the early twenty-first century and, on the basis of fieldwork, examines aspects of religious practice and tensions between the Uyghurs and the Chinese state. In Kashgar the old Uyghur Town has been physically destroyed, historical religious monuments have been secularized but smaller mosques have active congregations. In the Khotan region, the annual Imam Asim shrine festival takes place openly and active worship continues in village mosques. In an increasingly violent region, tension will continue between the religious requirements of the Uyghurs and the Chinese state’s insistence on associating all Islamic practice, particularly independent practice, with extremism and terrorism.
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Bimantara, Ressandy, Yusuf Gunawan e Marjan Miharja. "Juridical Study of Article 43a in Amending Law Number 5 of 2018 Concerning Criminal Acts of Terrorism in Pre-Emptive Strike Policy". LITERATUS 5, n. 2 (15 ottobre 2023): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37010/lit.v5i2.1384.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Finding out the effects of terrorist activities in Indonesia and the application of Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning Criminal activities of Terrorism Article 43A Against Strike Pre-Emptive Policies are the goals of the research. The research approach used is normative juridical, meaning that it is based on the primary legal literature and is carried out by looking at relevant laws, regulations, theories, and conceptions. Examining Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning Amendments to Law 15 of 2003 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism is the goal of the study. The amendment to Article 43A, which inserts and reads in the framework of dealing with Criminal Acts of Terrorism, contains dangerous articles. It is unclear what is meant by countermeasures, every certain person, allegedly brought or placed and a certain place. These are the results of the discussion in Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning Amendments to Law 15 of 2003 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. None of these arrangements can be found in the current Indonesian criminal procedural law. The conclusion is that acts of terrorism have a significant impact on the community. They are not things, but rather frequent victims of Second Life. The preceding text makes it evident how many lives were lost in the blast. These fresh impacts originate from people's personal experiences. Acts of terrorism on a larger scale actually have an impact on many things, and that is a matter of life and death for people and the nation. This loss and threat can be explained from seven aspects/fields, namely defense and security, ideology, politics, economy, society, education, and religious relations. Related to article 43A regarding the prevention of Terrorism Crime, pre-emptive efforts are needed.
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Mao, Zirun. "Religious Equality: From the Perspective of School Canteens". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 5, n. 1 (17 maggio 2023): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/5/20220706.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, rampant terrorism supported by racist Islam has provoked heated discussions on religious equality. Ina global context, inequalities against religious people occur all the time,but few studies have explored this issue from a microperspective. Following the definition of equality given by Modood, this study examined religious equality from the perspective of school canteen operations. Focusing on the current situationof university school canteens, the study pointed outone of the major problems, that is, the insufficient attention to or the neglect of the religious students specific needs. The study then analyzed the reasons why it is important to take the needs of students with different religious backgrounds into consideration from three aspects: equality aspect, legal aspect ,and cultural aspect. In the end, this study proposed solutions to the existing problems based on interviews with religious students, aiming to provide insights into the protection of traditional religious culture. The problems concerning religious inequality in primary and secondary school canteens should also attract the attention of future studies. More importantly, topropose more reasonable suggestions, the voice of religious students and staff should be heard.
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Khairunnisa, Khairunnisa. "Penanaman Nilai Tradisi Kepesantrenan Dalam Membendung Radikalisme Agama". Al-Riwayah : Jurnal Kependidikan 12, n. 2 (13 settembre 2020): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/al-riwayah.v12i2.284.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Kitab Kuning tradition conserved by boarding schools recently is identical as a place of terrorism, and of course the stigma is a very erroneous reading. Boarding School is viewed with suspicion, stigmatic, so the boarding school institution as the "last fort" of moral guardians face delegitimation. An Nahdlah boarding school in Makassar as an educational institution teaching Kitab Kuning without teaching violence. It is seen from the teaching methods and the curriculum taught. Application of the religious curriculum at all does not lead to the issue of radicalism but focuses on aspects of faith, morals, interpretation, fiqhi, muamalat and tasawuf, so it is avoided from the radical understanding and builds religious understanding according to the Islamic teaching that teaches peace
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Khan, Asghar Ullah, Zain Ul Abiden Malik e Hani Fatima. "AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE DYNAMICS OF RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM IN PAKISTAN". Journal of Social Research Development 01, n. 01 (30 giugno 2020): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/01-01-2020-08-85-92.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although domestic terrorism has long been a global threat, many countries have only just started developing systemic policies to tackle the root causes of religious extremism. Studying front-line countries like Pakistan is critical to understanding how to tackle the challenge effectively. Despite Pakistan's war with anti-government rebels like Pakistani Taliban, Pakistan has struggling for more than decade to resolve theoretical aspects of those problems. Since the key majority of nefarious activities in Pakistan are carried out by entities that promote religion and justify Islam. It is vital that extremist drivers should be eliminated from Pakistan and other countries. We understand theological element. Ethnic minorities have targeted and harassed often by the religious fundamentalist groups for years. Unless the state avoids this trend, state will soon base itself on the prevailing narrative of extremism; it will only provide Sunni living space while restricting the limits of religious beliefs of minorities and living as free citizens. Most sensitive issue of Pakistan national security is extremism.
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Asst.Prof. Dr. Falah Khalaf Kahzim Al-Zuhairi. "Technical terrorism - informational The privacy of employment ... and the structural penetration of society". Tikrit Journal For Political Science 3, n. 25 (30 settembre 2021): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v3i25.262.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
he purpose of this research is to study the impact of the data of the massive and modern information technology revolution in all its diversity and forms on the significant spread of the phenomenon of terrorism and the aggravation of the depth of its impact. These data have resulted in new concepts in the world such as the techno-information terrorism as a new cross-border security threat to societies and countries which is based on the use of modern technologies to launch terrorist attacks with the aim of spreading fear and terror. This massive revolution brought about by these technologies resulted in the emergence of a new criminal world whose danger lies in its effect on the structure and complexity of society its complexity, its increasing danger and its prevalence either in terms of ease of using technology and facilitating communication among terrorist groups to coordinate their operations, or in the way of persuading and inventing advanced terrorist methods. The attacks were not limited only to the political, security and economic aspects, but they also affected the social and cultural aspects by destroying infrastructure sites such as hospitals, power plants, water, gas, as well as spreading the culture of religious extremism among young people, obliterating their identity and attracting them to join terrorist organizations which threaten the entire social security, and here lies the danger.
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Ботакараев, Бауыржан, e Yusuf Benli. "SOCIO-POLITICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM". Адам әлемі 100, n. 2 (27 giugno 2024): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/aa.v100i2.569.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Religious fundamentalism is a relevant subject of study that requires in-depth analysis for a more comprehensive understanding of its origins, development and global consequences. In this scholarly article, we will provide an overview of research on Islamic fundamentalism and also conduct our analysis based on existing theories and empirical data.We examine the historical context of the formation of religious fundamentalism, highlighting the important events and factors that contributed to its development. We emphasize the importance of social, economic and political aspects in understanding this phenomenon, as well as the influence of global trends on its development.The focus is on the diversity of Islamic fundamentalism in different regions, as well as its relationship with terrorism and international security. Strategies to counter Islamic fundamentalism at the level of states and the world community are analyzed.Our article calls for an in-depth understanding of Islamic fundamentalism beyond its religious dimensions and makes recommendations for further research and development of strategies to prevent the spread of this phenomenon.
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Mohd Khambali@Hambali, Khadijah, Mustaffa Abdullah e Abdul Karim Ali. "Idealism of Jihad and War from the Qurʾanic Perspective". Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies 15, n. 2 (21 novembre 2017): 240–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract There are various verses in the Qurʾan which apparently lead to the meaning of war. With regard to its intepretation of its related verses, there are mainly two different views. The first view argues that war in Islam will not happen but in a defensive manner. In other words, a war among Muslims would not happen unless they have been attacked and their reaction is in the form of counter attack in order to protect their dignity and life. The second view sees war in offensive manner. It is considered as a holy war (jihād) which is under the category of striving in the cause of Allah, and recommended to gain the status of martyrdom (syahīd). These different views create variant intepretations of the word jihād and war. The existance of certain groups related to terrorism such as Islamic State of Iraq and al-Syam (isis), al-Qaeda, Abu Sayyaf, Jemaah Islamiyyah and others, abusing the name of Islam and using hostile approaches in order to achieve their aims, have clearly a negative impact on Islam. This article reviews the meaning of jihād and war in accordance to the Qurʾanic perspective in order to address this issue fairly. Relevant data have been taken from selected authoritative Qurʾanic exegesis pertaining to verses of jihād and war. It uses content analysis to analyse those related data.The article concludes that jihad in Islam is subject to sincere intention and a clear objective: it does not simply mean fighting. A war should be viewed from different aspects whether defensive or offensive because different backgounds will lead to the both. Both jihad and war are clearly different from terrorism, and both of them are associated with the meaning of fī sabīllah as commonly understood.
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Marsili, Marco. "Morals and Ethics in Counterterrorism". Conatus 8, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2023): 373–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.34495.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Political leaders, philosophers, sociologists, historians, political scientists, law scholars and economists approach terrorism in diverse ways, especially its definition. Politicians assign the meaning to the term terrorism that best suits them. Political scientists analyze the actions of those in the geopolitical framework. Moral philosophers look at terrorism from the viewpoint of fairness. Historians make a comparative assessment of the phenomenon through its evolution over time, and scholars of law simply dissect counterterrorism measures and assess their consistency with customs and current legislation. Sociologists stress the importance of culture, social relationships and social interactions. Eventually, politicians and lawmakers are not immune to the influence of the common ethics and morals of their own societies and the uses and habits of their own cultures, including religious aspects. Morals and ethics relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct; the first provides guiding principles, and the latter refers to rules provided by an external source, e.g., codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions. While morals are concerned with principles of right and wrong, ethics are related to right and wrong conduct of an individual in a particular situation. Ethics, morals and religion are intertwined in the antithetical principles “good and evil.” This work aims to scrutinize the crucial concept of just and unjust war, and just and unjust combatants, and to elaborate on some critical moral and ethical elements within the modern understanding of the interplay between terrorism, counterterrorism, fundamental human rights, and international humanitarian law. Through the examination of all pertinent theoretical positions the paper seeks to shed light on the limits of the use of force and the justification of the violation of fundamental rights in the War on Terror.
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Kashaf, Sh R., e O. V. Volter. "The role of ethnicity and culture in countering religious extremism in the North Caucasus". Minbar. Islamic Studies 11, n. 4 (4 febbraio 2019): 881–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-4-881-894.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article offers a summary of the talks presented at the second International Practical Meeting “Mobilization of the ethnocultural resource as the most important aspect in countering extremism and terrorism”. The Meeting took place on November 23–24, 2018 in Grozny. It was organized by three universities of the Chechen Republic (GSTOU, ChStUn, ChSPU) with the participation of Institute of Oriental Studies RAS and the Dagestan State University. The participants have identified the specific aspects of the so-called «radical Islamism» in the North Caucasus, which they have described as ‘religious and political extremism». They have stressed that the fundamental difference between Islam as a world religion and such religious and political movements as Islamism, Wahhabism, Salafism are based on extremely aggressive ideologies and receive an additional support due to the discrepancy between essential features of Islamic dogmatics and radical types of social and political activity under the camouflage of pseudo-Islamic appeals.
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Hamid, Abdul, Priyatna Setyawati e Risma Fadila Arsy. "Character Education in Preventing the Danger of Radicalism and Terrorism in PAI Learning at School". Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 4, n. 5 (27 maggio 2024): 553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v4i5.9157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose of this research is how to plan, implement and impact the development of character education values. This research uses descriptive-qualitative research method. While the data collection used is observation, interviews, and documentation. To analyze the data using descriptive-qualitative analysis technique, namely describing existing data to describe reality in accordance with the actual phenomenon. The instruments used were interviews with researchers focusing on research subjects, namely: Principal, Deputy Head of Curriculum, PAI teachers and students representing SMAN 3 Palu. The results of this study are planning aspects; First, the syllabus used by PAI teachers has shown the development of character education values in PAI learning. Second, the lesson plans are adapted by making certain additions, including: 1) adding achievement indicators related to character achievement, 2) adding learning activities related to character development, 3) adding assessment techniques that measure character development. The implementation aspect is the discovery of specific character values that can be used as references in preventing the dangers of radicalism and terrorism in PAI learning, namely: religious, discipline, tolerance, national spirit, independence, care for the environment, responsibility, curiosity, respect for achievement, and social care. Aspects of the impact, are 1) The impact of material development, students can: a) accept the concepts or knowledge being taught, b) respond, c) respect all differences, d) regulate themselves in attitude, 2) Impact on the development of the school environment
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Ikmal, Hepi, Maskuri Maskuri e Dahlan Tamrin. "Strengthening Religious Moderation for Ex-Terrorists through Islamic Education: Learning from the Yayasan Lingkar Perdamaian, Lamongan". IJIE International Journal of Islamic Education 1, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2022): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/ijie.v1i2.1643.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aims to reveal how the Yayasan Lingkar Perdamaian (YLP) fosters former terrorists so that they can change or at least not commit violence and acts of terrorism in the name of religion. Through qualitative research, data was collected using in-depth interviews and observations of social activities in the field. The results of this study would like to suggest that strengthening religious moderation in former terrorist actors must be carried out in teaching-based Islamic education and social and psychological-based educational efforts. This means that the moderate character of ex-terrorists must be encouraged by various approaches that can open their hearts. So that they are willing to accept mistakes for their past behavior and are optimistic that they can socialize more with others based on Islamic educational values. Thus, Islamic education that is oriented towards a moderate religious understanding of terrorists must rely on rationalist and social aspects in a more humanist frame.
46
Hamzawy, Amr. "Conspiracy theories and populist narratives". Philosophy & Social Criticism 44, n. 4 (15 marzo 2018): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453718757574.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soon after the 2013 military coup, state-sponsored violence and human rights abuses have begun to shake Egyptian society. The regime of president Abdel Fattah al-Sisi has attempted to rationalize them, claiming that this is the only path to save the most populous Middle Eastern country from civil unrest, terrorism, and economic decay. Al-Sisi, the former army chief during the 2013 coup, initially portrayed his ascendency to power as the only way to restore security and end the threat of terrorism. Egypt’s generals have also recognized that they cannot rely only on the promise of restoring security to justify ending of the democratic opening (2011–2013) and their heavy-handed ruling techniques. Therefore, they have also been using a web of alternative narratives to justify their approach and have been spreading these narratives using security-controlled public and private media institutions. Conspiracy theories, defamation campaigns, and hate speech against voices of dissent have assumed central positions in this web. Increasingly, Egypt’s generals have come to depend on notions of religious and nationalistic populism to tighten their grip on many aspects of societal life—under the pretense that they are ruling on behalf of ordinary citizens and attending to their needs.
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Kovalev, Artem Aleksandrovich. "Interaction of the Prosecutor's Office with Religious Organizations". Право и политика, n. 5 (maggio 2023): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2023.5.39951.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The object of the study is the social relations that arise during the interaction of the prosecutor's office, law enforcement and other state bodies with religious organizations, and the impact of this interaction on the prevention of offenses. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the impact of the activities of religious organizations on the legal situation, the impact of cooperation with them of the prosecutor's office, law enforcement and other state bodies on the prevention of offenses, the specifics of the implementation of the directions of interaction of the prosecutor's office with religious organizations. The subject of the study is the materials of law enforcement practice, the norms of legislation on the prosecutor's office, the legislation of foreign countries regulating these public relations, the positions of scientists formed on the issue of interaction with religious organizations of state and, in particular, law enforcement agencies. Despite the separation of religion from the state proclaimed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, there is obviously an increasing influence on the legal situation of religious organizations, as well as the presence of significant potential for preventing crimes, especially in the field of terrorism and extremism, which is especially relevant in the modern situation. In this regard, there is no doubt that the Prosecutor's office and other law enforcement agencies need to cooperate with them in the field of crime prevention. At the same time, the current legislation does not contain the necessary regulation of such cooperation; scientific study of the issue is also insufficient. Filling this gap, the author of the article, exploring the legal aspects of the implementation of the interaction of the prosecutor's office and other law enforcement agencies with religious organizations in the legal sphere, identifies the directions and forms of their interaction, which is the novelty of the study. The conclusion is formulated about the need to consolidate the duty of interaction of the Prosecutor's office with public and religious organizations in the Law on the Prosecutor's Office, its directions and to consolidate in the order of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation the forms of interaction of the Prosecutor's Office with religious organizations, which is a special contribution of the author to the study of this topic.
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Kudin, Oleksandr. "RELIGION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES". Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 13, n. 1 (2019): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2019.13.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to one of the most urgent problems of modern religious studies – the problem of mutual influence of religion and globalization processes. It is noted that the term "globalization" itself is not completely open in terms of methodology. The article substantiates the position on the interrelation of religious and globalization processes with their main aspects – axiological and ethical. We can talk about the distribution of non-traditional religions on global and local. Local are those whose impacts are spread in one or two regions, do not go beyond the country. As to the effects of globalization on such religious entities, they are minimal. In addition, such educations are, to a greater degree, totalitarian entities that are subject to a charismatic leader, they are isolated from society and, thus, from globalization. Unlike local, global non-traditional religions are a "product" of globalization processes. But, if in the economic, socio-cultural spheres globalization is unification, it is the destruction of borders and divisions, and then religious globalization includes a diversity of religious nature. Undeniably non-traditional religions, both local and global, are serious rivals for traditional religions and cause a negative reaction from the latter. The influence of economic, cultural, informational and religious globalization on a person is analyzed; special attention is paid to the emergence and spread of non-traditional religious movements and currents that may lead to the emergence of a "one-dimensional person". There is also a link between globalization with religious fundamentalism and its extreme manifestations – terrorism.
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Zorin, Alexey V. "Protecting Vulnerable Groups of Citizens from Extremist Crimes: Theoretical and Practical Aspects". Victimology 10, n. 4 (28 febbraio 2024): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-4-453-462.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article is devoted to the problems of countering extremist crimes and, in particular, issues of protecting the most vulnerable groups of citizens from this type of crime. The issues of forming various approaches to understanding the definition of “extremism” were considered, definitions of domestic legislation on countering extremism were analyzed, recommendations were given on possible ways to improve it. The issues of the presence of similar regulatory legal acts and legislative structures in foreign practice were touched upon, conclusions were drawn on similarities and differences in the understanding and explanation of the concept of “extremism.” References to current foreign studies on the subject of this work are given . The article defines the concept of interfaith and interethnic harmony, considers their role in countering the ideology of terrorism and extremism. It is concluded that an adequate state policy in the field of countering extremism allows achieving a high level of interethnic and interfaith harmony. Using the example of some religious organization banned in the Russian Federation, as well as the problems of bringing to justice for likes and reposts of materials related to religion, the author considers the negative consequences of disproportionate and excessively strict state policy in the field of countering extremism and suggests changes to the current legal regulation in this area in order to optimize this policy.
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Voronchenko, Tatiana, Olesya Kovrizhnykh e Ekaterina Fyodorova. "LITERARY TEXT AS A SOURCE FOR UNDERSTANDING CONFLICTS IN CONTEMPORARY REALITY (POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND TERRORISM)". CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (19 settembre 2015): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.622.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Political violence in the modern world is developing in many ways and in forms that are more radical than ever before. In the second half of the last century, and the start of this current one, the ethno-social conflicts (terrorism being the most extreme) have been one of the most pressing global issues of our time.Various aspects of ethno-social conflict, with terrorism as an extreme form of political violence, are now the subject of artistic interpretation for contemporary authors. The study of literary text for understanding conflicts in the contemporary reality is significant, since writers consider certain factual material in their works. These writers strive to emphasize and describe personal and social layers of ethno-social conflicts, to reveal their peculiarities and consequences.This study compiles a theoretical framework for the study of literary text as a source for understanding the conflicts of contemporary reality. It uses a complex approach that provides a profound analysis of causes and effects, and the nature and content of political and ethno-social conflicts, including the principles of political studies and comparative literature.The authors of this present study conclude that the great concern of the world’s writers about ethno-social issues and conflicts is the inter-ethnic and inter-cultural contradictions that closely connect to the crisis of multiculturalism in the USA and Western Europe. Contemporary writers focus on themes, like the islamization of Europe, inter-confessional conflicts, total changes in inter-ethnic relations, fragmentation of the single universal cultural space, and social and cultural transformation leading to conflicts. Examples include Andrei Volos’ Maskavskaya Mecca, and Elena Chudinova’s The Mosque of Notre Dame. Some authors ponder over the terrorism as an extremist reaction to social injustice or inner personal, cultural, and religious contradictions, as seen in John Updike’s Terrorist and Don DeLillo’s Falling Man.