Tesi sul tema "Terrains de recherche extrêmes"
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Péronne, Sarah. "Consommation expérientielle contre-hédonique : conceptualisation des mécanismes sous-jacents et proposition d’une typologie de consommateurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ANGE0030.
Testo completoMany consumers voluntarily engage in painful experiences, commonly referred to as counter-hedonic. This thesis aims to understand the mechanisms that explain and structure these experiences, as well as the characteristics of the consumers who take part in them. The present study adopts a framed induction posture, allowing the field to be explored with a theoretical framework and research questions while leaving room for serendipity. A multi-case ethnography was carried out on four experiences: a mud run, a silent retreat, an ice bath sojourn and a horrific experience. Using inter-case comparative analysis, the mechanisms underlying these experiences were conceptualized. The results show that the success of a counter hedonic experience depends on the coping strategies adopted by individuals to maintain a sensory balance (stimulating pain without being intolerable) and experience a co-activation of negative and positive emotions. This balance between unpleasant and pleasant aspects attracts consumers and characterizes counter-hedonic experiential consumption. The existing positive dimension prompts us to reconsider the term counter-hedonic in favor of bittersweet. Finally, a typology of six consumer profiles is proposed, highlighting individual differences such as optimal stimulation level, personal motivations and perception of pain. The research presents theoretical contributions, managerial recommendations and methodological reflections, notably on the conduct of ethnography in extreme contexts
Rambure, Nicolas. "Mesure des propriétés thermo-optiques aux températures extrêmes". Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100093/document.
Testo completoThe emission properties of materials are required in many industrial and research developments. This works is devoted to the building-up of experimental means extended to the extreme temperatures (40K-2300K) for the measurement of spectral and total directional emissivities and the further application of these measurements in the determination of the termo-optical properties of solids in the infrared wavelength range.From the means of measurement which we developed, we could measure the directional emissivity of coating until a temperature of 40K for the Planck and Herschell satellites then stainless steel and refractory ceramics for a range of temperature of 300K to 1100K as well as conductor and dielectric until a temperature of 2300K.We determined complex refraction index of the Iron-Nickel alloys from inversion of Fresnel equations and measurements of directional spectral emissivities. We study the second-order phase transformation effects on optical index ; we have seen an important hysteresis on thermo-optical properties of the Iron-Nickel alloys.Lastly, some other studies are presented. Reflectivity measurements at the cryogenic temperatures; Study of the metallurgical modifications by infra-red ellipsometry; Far infra-red for nondestructive testing of artworks
Da, Silva Pierre. "A la recherche des énergies extrêmes : détection des rayons cosmiques avec l'Observatoire Pierre Auger". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008749.
Testo completoGaravaglia, Federico. "Méthode SCHADEX de prédétermination des crues extrêmes". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579507.
Testo completoAmato, Stephane. "Communications numérique engageante : relations entre théories, méthodologies et terrains". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5902.
Testo completoThis doctoral work relates to the study of change dynamics in favor of eco-friendly practices and tied to mobility through digital binding communication. The research question that ensues concerns the definition of the terms and conditions about the possibility of incorporating previous work on digital binding communication in the broader context of mediated and mediatized interactions on the internet, in a natural environment.In order to try answering this question, we set our discussion on an open theoretical and methodological framework by showing the relationships between binding communication and other perspectives concerning links, interaction rituals, we also broach upon the problematization of individual and collective change. Our work provides a contribution to the debate on the relationship between information and communication. From an empirical standpoint, we conducted an action research at a southern French university. Our goal was within the context of a partnership with this institution, to encourage students to register to a Web device putting potential carpoolers in touch. We conducted two experiments mobilizing the digital binding communication paradigm.Our approach, put in the context of the set of problems and the action research method is not without flaws, especially insofar as its internal validity is weakened by elements beyond our control: historical factors, experimental mortality, confounding variables…All these elements are presented, discussed, put into perspective
Houlstan-Hasaerts, Rafaella. "Le tournant esthétique de la participation urbaine à l'épreuve de la société civile: Une recherche en terrains bruxellois". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283956.
Testo completoThis thesis is about the connections between aesthetics and politics in urban participation and, more particularly, about the political promises of an urban participation that seemingly gives priority to expression, figuration, imagination and creation as well to the embodied, sensitive, attached, affective and emotional dimensions of our relations to the city. It would therefore seem that ‘aesthetic’ engagements and interests can promote empowerment and emancipation; democratic inclusion and the symmetrization of power; renewed ways of living together and creating collectively. Such promises are at the heart of what I propose to call an aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation, i.e. the passage from a deliberative conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “forum”, to an aesthetic conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “workshop”. And yet critical voices are already being raised. Some underline the risk of depoliticization that accompanies the aestheticization of urban participation and experience. Others, by contrast, emphasize the risk that aesthetics will be subordinated to democratic consensus and to ethics, at the expense of urban quality and of creative autonomy. Some highlight less the politico-aesthetic connection than external factors liable to jeopardize it. At issue, the usual suspects: the institutional framework and capitalism. The objective of this thesis is to take these critiques seriously without losing sight of the political demands of a participation in which the qualitative part of our urban experience would find a place. The proposal made here to achieve this objective is to decentre the gaze by not taking a direct interest in institutional mechanisms of participation. My first hypothesis, of a rather factual nature, posits that the political promises of the aesthetic turn of urban participation exceed its institutional facet, that they find their source in, among other things, mobilizations and initiatives taken by citizens, activists, engaged creators who, since the urban struggles of the 1960s, have marked the history of urban production. This hypothesis has “genealogical” implications, insofar as it encourages a rereading of the history of urban institutional participation not only in the context of its “aestheticization” but also by highlighting the at times direct relations between this aestheticization and participatory dynamics emanating from social movements and the counterculture. The second hypothesis is of a rather normative nature and has both evaluative and prospective implications. It posits that it is within the mobilizations and initiatives of civil society that the promises which also come with the aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation were best embodied, and that these provide levers of resistance against the critiques of which it is the target. Lastly, placed back to back, the two hypotheses invite us to question the extent to which the institutions have welcomed these attempts. Measuring the distances between these moments of live politics and their potential percolations to ulterior participatory dynamics makes it possible to understand how we inherited these mobilizations and initiatives from civil society and, possibly, how we could better inherit them.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Castaignos-Leblond, Fabienne. "Formation et transmission intergénérationnelles de la mémoire de situations extrêmes : contribution au récit de vie comme art formateur de l'existence". Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2032.
Testo completoThe transported convicts, swmped by the horror of which they were witnesses, anticipate that they should speak, to say what they saw or underwent. But to speak is very often over theur forces. The survivor feels a so strong turnover that he spreads from it inevitably his children; The domestic unspoken weighs then of all its weight, what is not without consequence on the domestic dynamics : installation of the silence, fear to communicate and to exchange, fear to face the other one. As long as in the families, the unspoken was not able to be clarified with every member, aftereffects are passed on then from similar to children and tracks remain during several generations. Is it possible to go out of the rehearsal of the aftereffects of extreme situations, by letting the evil say itself in the following generations ? This tragic and crucial problem is treated frontally in a problematic of existential search-forming which places transmission between generations between information, autotraining and coforming. The used methodology is that of the interactive, dialogical model of the story of life. This model is used at the same moment in a implied and distanced way, within the family of the autor, crossing word and listening of three generations. Formative/transformative effects of the story of life for the transported convict are finely analyzed. Second generation is discpovered as thet of the silence and the third as that of the differentiation of the transmission. It's as if the filter of the years and of ages allowed a finer metabolisation of the expression. Besides these knowledge by the subtle pragmatics of commitment and distance which operate these crossed stories of lives, this research contributes to develop an original methodology of the story of life as formative art of the existence
Kayhanfard, Mehdi. "Crues rares et extrêmes : quelques développements autour du modèle AGREGEE : recherche sur l'amélioration de l'option progressive : tests à l'échelle alpine et méditerranéenne". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10094.
Testo completoSinanian, Alexandre. "Addictions et traumatismes, de l’évitement à la répétition élaborative : le recours à l’objet d’addiction comme recherche d’élaboration des expériences traumatiques précoces et actuelles". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100023.
Testo completoToday, the question pertaining to the link between traumatism and addictions is prevalent in multiple research areas including epidemiology, psychopathology and neurobiology. From a psychodynamic approach this thesis aims to explore the meaning of compulsive addictive repetition from the perspective of psychological trauma. It explores the way in which, despite the negative impact of psyche anesthesia and disconnection, which struggles against the return of the traumatic experience, the act of resorting to addictions represents a quest, which insists upon the elaboration of extreme subjective situations. Indeed, in an extreme self-administered sensorial movement, addictive traumatophilia also recreates the primary distressing experiences waiting to be integrated. This would constitute the positive effect of the trauma. Using a cross methodology with a dominant qualitative approach, comprised of standardized tools (MINI and TAS-20), projective tests (Rorschach and TAT) and non-directive research interviews, we met six subjects hospitalized for withdrawal from psychoactive substances and for their psychotraumatic difficulties.We discuss the impact of extremely complex and multi-causal traumas and grasp the necessity of being attentive to traumas related to the quality of the relationship with the primary object and to the integrity of the body, in parallel to life events, which are potentially traumatic. We identify protective functions or narcissistic repairs, while considering that gaining access to the traumatic experience is no longer only about the faults of mentalization and of containment. Indeed, the forms of traumatic addictions equally represent an attempt of a passive-active reversal by influence, seeking paradoxically to heal the hurt by inflicting another “controlled” pain, to have the feeling of being in control of one’s own existence, even if it comes at the price of self-preservation. It is to be noted that they carry a message addressed to the object, which reveal the traumas waiting to be contained and interpreted. If the experience cannot be integrated and if no one is able to listen to the insistent research of figuration and symbolization found in the addictive behavior, narcissistic traumas may continue on tirelessly repeating themselves through the body
Monsaingeon, Lucas. "Faire projet dans le bassin minier du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais.Territoire, architecture & patrimoine post-industriel : des morts-terrains aux sols vivants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1297.
Testo completoThe Nord and Pas-de-Calais Mining Basin is characterised by a landscape, urban planning and architecture shaped by two centuries of intensive coal mining, in sharp transition since the closure of the mines. Neither town nor country, with no borders, this area forms a very specific territory, in need of design. Its inclusion on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2012 as an "organically evolved continuing cultural landscape", seen as a force for resilience, has taken the issue of heritage and architecture into new territory and on an unprecedented scale, raising many questions for architects and other stakeholders : more than 28,000 miners housing, headframes, monuments and slag heaps... While there has been renewed interest in research about this Mining Basin over the last ten years in various disciplines, architects and town planners have shown surprisingly little interest in the subject.In the current context of post-industrial territorial transition, this practice-led PhD thesis proposes a descriptive and prospective investigation into the architectural, urban and landscape mining heritage as a territorial resource, and into the contribution of the architectural design as a conceptual and operational process. It proposes an explanatory framework for spatial situations of complexity, uncertainty and singularity encountered in the field, as a basis for 'designing' in these places. This research into architectural design questions the technical, administrative and doctrinal issues encountered in the practice of project development. It uses an abductive and reflexive approach, and is based on two main corpuses : 353 spatial objects listed by UNESCO, and 9 selected projects, some of which were directed by the author between 2012 and 2022 at the Atelier d'Architecture Philippe Prost. These projects, considered as as Knowledge Producers, are analysed through the prism of the discourses, the interplay of actors and the percepts produced. The previously unpublished graphic survey of the entire corpus of 353 spatial elements forms an Atlas of Mining Remains, published as a second volume.This thesis successively examines, at several levels, the specific territorial characteristics of the Mining Basin, the role and place of architecture in the transformations underway, and the participation of memorial and heritage policies in these changes. These three questions - territory, architecture and heritage - are crossed with three dialogical pairs - above/below, monumental/banal, inert/alive. The reading grid that emerges highlights the need to develop a three-dimensional 'soil project' that takes into account the artificial soils and subsoils of the coalfield, to develop an urban planning approach that reveals and stimulates the ordinary, using a holistic and typological approach, and to integrate the new paradigm of the living into an ecosystemic and dynamic approach
Calbérac, Yann. "Terrains de géographes, géographes de terrain : communauté et imaginaire disciplinaires au miroir des pratiques de terrain des géographes français du XXe siècle". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20110.
Testo completoThis dissertation questions the way XXth-century French geographers represented their research activities by exploring the different meanings the terms field and fieldwork had for them, and especially their place in heuristic processes and in the scientific psyche. It aims at applying the different approaches and methods of sciences studies to geography. Throughout the period, field and fieldwork led to a dominant order of discourse which structured representations and practices. This study is a response to works inspired by the theory of scientific revolutions and emphasizes the immutability of discourses. The “crisis of French geography,” which refers to the period of doubt the discipline went through during the 1960s and 1970s, may be regarded as a mutation of discourses rather than a radical change in practices. This change of focus on the history of geography leads us to reconsider the theoretical tools to be used to write it. When viewed as a “total scientific fact”, field and fieldwork thus represent a relevant approach to geography as a whole – that is to say its methods, aims, content and actors
Vu, Van Adrien. "Détection des évènements exceptionnels à partir des observations IASI". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS505.
Testo completoThe IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) instruments aboard the Metop-A, -B and -C satellites have been measuring the infrared radiation (IR) emitted by the Earth-atmosphere system since 2006. Every day, several million spectra are recorded by IASI, which constitutes a large volume of data. One of the problems inherent to this amount of data is the search for extreme events. Indeed, it is possible to observe extreme events from level 2 data (L2), i.e. gas concentrations, but the retrieval is generally only possible under clear sky conditions. Moreover, it is difficult to search for these events from L2 data and to characterize them in real time. This thesis work addresses the need to implement an innovative detection algorithm to directly process the radiance spectra (level 1 data – L1C). An optimized method for the detection of extreme events has been developed from PCA (Principal Component Analysis) on IASI radiances, which allows both the compression of the data but also the reduction of instrumental noise. This method relies on the creation of a training database representative of the atmospheric variability, allowing to keep all the information during the compression/reconstruction of IASI radiances. However, extreme events are outside the normal atmospheric variability and will be ill-reconstructed. By taking into account the extreme values resulting from the ill-reconstructed IASI spectra, we can study the anomalous atmospheric signal. In order to allow a systematic, automatic and accurate analysis allowing the detection and characterization of anomalies, the analysis is performed on sets of radiance spectra observed during 3 min time steps (IASI granule). In addition, the characterization of absorbing trace species is performed using different thresholds and fine spectral indicators defined from radiative transfer simulations and spectroscopic database. This method called IASI-PCA-GE (GE for granule extrema) allows then to detect and characterize in quasi real time the atmospheric anomalies associated with extreme events such as fires, volcanic eruptions or anthropic pollution episodes. A first part of this thesis work consisted in analyzing different past extreme events documented during the IASI period. Then the IASI-PCA-GE method was applied to IASI data for several study cases and the results were compared with existing L2 data. Furthermore, extreme event archives of volcanic eruptions and fire episodes were generated from the results of this method, which was applied to the complete IASI-B time series (2013-2022). The method is able to detect the presence of numerous molecules and the comparison with the L2 data shows a good agreement between the two datasets. However, some limitations remain and are discussed. The method developed during this thesis can also be applied to future missions, such as the IASI-NG/Metop-SG mission and the MTG-IRS geostationary mission, which are scheduled to be launched in 2024
Chabane, Saadi. "Quasi Harmonic approximation breakdown : consequences on the thermal transport at extreme conditions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS297.pdf.
Testo completoThe lattice dynamics and vibrational properties of materials are typically well described by a harmonic model at low and moderate temperatures, where phonons are assumed to behave independently. However, at high temperatures, this assumption fails as phonon interactions become significant. Understanding these anharmonic interactions between lattice modes is crucial for both fundamental research and practical applications, as they significantly influence physical properties such as thermal transport and elastic properties.Thermal conductivity of the minerals constituting planetary interiors plays a key role in controlling heat transfer within planets, thereby influencing planetary dynamics and thermo-chemical history (Samuel et al., 2021). The heat flux from the core to the mantle directly impacts the degree of basal heating of the mantle, the rate of core cooling, and inner core growth, which in turn affect outer core dynamics and magnetic field generation and evolution. Thus, understanding phonon interactions provides insights into Earth's history and evolution.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of anharmonic terms at the extreme temperature and pressure conditions of Earth's lower mantle, focusing on Magnesium Oxide (MgO) which is an end-member for ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O that constitutes 20% of the mantle's volume. This study employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) based methods, specifically Density Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) and the Stochastic Self-Consistent Harmonic Approximation (SSCHA). These methodologies allow access to anharmonicity up to the fourth-order (four-phonon interactions). The results will be benchmarked against Inelastic X-ray Scattering (IXS) and Infra-Red spectroscopy (IR) measurements conducted in our group at varying temperatures.Subsequently, we will discuss the thermal conductivity (TC) obtained through the Boltzmann transport equation as a function of temperature, emphasizing the importance of considering defects in the analysis of TC. We then explore the extreme conditions of Earth's lower mantle, with temperatures of thousands of Kelvin and pressures at the Mbar scale, to identify the behavior of anharmonicity in MgO throughout this region. Our theoretical treatment elucidates the microscopic origin of the observed drop in TC at the bottom of the lower mantle, attributed to the interplay between three- and four-phonon interactions and emphasizes on the importance of presence of defects on lattice thermal conductivity even at extreme T and P conditions
Zaghouani, Imen. "Les déterminants psychobiologiques des activités physiques à risque". Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML014.
Testo completoRisk-taking behaviors constitute a growing domain, yet not well known. Our research’s goal aimed at identifying the psychobiological and emotional determinants of risky physical activities: rally, lifestyle sports, horse riding, golf players and circus artists (N = 507). We compared the temperament and character of young horse riders and young golfers, both in Tunisia and in France. We then compared the telic dominance of participants in different kinds of sports. We also tested changes in emotional states, neuroticism, escape and alexithymia related to risk-taking. Finally, we identified the personality profiles, specifically the telic dominance and sensation seeking and the perceived stress among circus artists. We have followed the evolution of their cortisol level while training and during a show. The results show that the horse riders and golfers have a high score on persistence and harm avoidance. Motor sports imply more risk-taking than lifestyle sports. The rally context allows its followers to decrease their level of negative affect, neuroticism and alexithymia, which contributes to the adoption of reckless behaviors. Circus artists are paratelic, sensation seekers, and perceive a low level of stress; their cortisol level is higher during the show than on a training day. Overall, we could identify the individual differences that would promote involvement in physical activities at risk, while noting the role of motivational, emotional, biological variables and personality factors in the understanding of such a commitment
Routier, Guillaume. "De l’engagement au désengagement corporel : une approche sociologique plurielle des dynamiques, ruptures et permanences identitaires face à l’acceptation du danger dans les sports de nature". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20023/document.
Testo completoDefy or play with gravity, exploring the depths and bring their stamina or just their body, compete with the natural elements by frequenting, a priori, hostile environments: as many forms of sport exposure to danger that intrigue and fascinate at a time. This work is an exploration of the process of corporal engagement and disengagement, considered in their epistemic and empirical aspects. Two main questions mark this analysis: 1) how to conceive the corporal engagement in its complexity, through dialogue and complementary patterns of intelligibility; 2) more specifically, how do they become engaged in such activities, and why, suddenly, they decide to “hang up”?The analysis of thirty stories of sportsmen engaged in "at-risk" nature activities highlights the dynamic process of engagement, retention and disengagement. Thus, if commitment is rarely the result of chance, it is more than a mere reflexivity. Sometimes the commitment is born from experiences and unpredictable encounters. This work also confirms the results of many motivations studies of practitioners: search of sensation, autonomy, performance, subcultural emulation, etc. However, it differs from showing how these patterns of engagement, far from opposing, they are articulated and completed in a systematic way. Finally, after stressing the crucial role, in the eyes of the respondents, of the autonomy and the responsibility set up as true ethics, we show how difficult is to disengage. To hang up is a process experienced differently depending on whether the sportsman was prepared or not.To understand physical engagement requires a final enlargement as regards body, culture, risk and security, autonomy, and from a broader perspective, responsibility. Therefore, the body engagement constitutes a support in perfect harmony with its time: it mixes, combines, and sometimes objects the dynamics of identity induced by capacities, reflexivity and emotions
Morin, Marie-Ève. "Étude longitudinale des caractéristiques individuelles associées à la pratique de sports extrêmes et rôle modérateur de facteurs socio-familiaux". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7853.
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