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Premeaux, Shane R. "Tenure Perspectives: Tenured Versus Nontenured Tenure-Track Faculty". Journal of Education for Business 87, n. 2 (gennaio 2012): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2011.577111.
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Ashcraft, Alyce, J. Susan Andersen, Mary Madeline Rogge, Huaxin Song e Laura Opton. "Academic Tenure: Perceptual Variations Among Tenured, Tenure-seeking and Non-tenure Faculty". Journal of Professional Nursing 37, n. 3 (maggio 2021): 578–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.03.002.
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Premeaux, Shane R., e R. Wayne Mondy. "Perspectives on Tenure: Tenured Versus Nontenured Tenure-Track Faculty". Journal of Education for Business 77, n. 6 (luglio 2002): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832320209599685.
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Rojas-Guyler, Liliana, e Randall R. Cottrell. "Senior And Junior Faculty Perspectives On A Tenure Process In Health Promotion And Education". Californian Journal of Health Promotion 3, n. 1 (1 marzo 2005): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v3i1.1745.
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This paper reviews the concept of tenure and its importance in health education. It also illustrates the experiences and perspectives of a senior level tenured professor and a junior level non-tenured assistant professor, from a health education program at a Research I university. The goals of this paper include providing future or beginning junior faculty with: 1) perspectives on tenure and its importance within the health promotion profession, 2) helpful hints for obtaining tenure from the view of a senior tenured faculty member, 3) ways that senior faculty members can support junior faculty in obtaining tenure, and 4) key issues identified by a junior faculty member currently on the tenure track.
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Liu, Zhiqiang, Liang Ge e Wanying Peng. "How organizational tenure affects innovative behavior?" Nankai Business Review International 7, n. 1 (7 marzo 2016): 99–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-01-2016-0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between organizational tenure and employee innovative behavior and the influence of culture difference and status-related moderators (i.e. status hierarchy and status stability) on the linkage. Design/methodology/approach – By using a meta-analysis method that included 76 empirical studies, this study examines the relationship of organizational tenure and innovative behavior. In this study, 79 samples (N = 21659) derived from 76 empirical studies that met the inclusion criteria in the meta-analysis. Findings – The results show that organizational tenure has a weak positive effect on employee innovative behavior (r = 0.04), and status hierarchy, position tenure, culture difference and measurement ways influence the relationship between the two. In addition, a three-way interaction among status hierarchy, position tenure and organizational tenure is found to jointly affect innovative behavior; specifically, for those who are low in status hierarchy and short in position tenure, their organizational tenures are positively related to innovative behavior, but for those with a longer position tenure in organizations, their organizational tenure may relate to innovative behavior negatively, whatever their status hierarchies are (high or low). This study is helpful in providing theoretical foundation and practical skills to such issues regarding how to trigger innovative behavior efficiently at different career stages. Research limitations/implications – Limitations include tenure range of participants and no longitudinal samples in our studies. Future research should examine more contextual factors which influenced the relationship between organizational tenure and innovative behavior. Practical implications – The results of this study show that long organizational tenure is not negatively related to innovative behaviors. For managers, do not ignore the contribution of long-tenured employees to innovation. Through promotion or job rotation to increase employees’ job satisfaction and innovative willing. Originality/value – To authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine status attribute class variables in the relationship between organizational tenure on innovative behavior. The study is helpful in providing theoretical foundation and practical skills to such issues regarding how to trigger innovative behavior at different career stages correctly.
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Sav, G. Thomas. "Are American Universities Mismanaged?: Tenure vs Non-Tenure Faculty Employment Decisions". Information Management and Business Review 8, n. 6 (20 marzo 2017): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v8i6.1581.
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This paper empirically tests the extent to which public universities in the United States are potentially mismanaged. The focus rests with university managerial employment decisions regarding the continuing substitution of less costly non-tenure track teaching faculty for tenured and tenure track faculty and the extent to which those decisions affect student graduation success. Panel data covering ten academic years, 2004-05 through 2013-14 are employed using ordinary least squares and stochastic frontier analysis specifications. The latter provides tests of the inefficiency effects of managerial employment decisions and academic year estimates of technical efficiency. In both cases, the results provide statistically strong evidence that tenured faculty lead to increased student graduation success while increases in non-tenured faculty have negative effects on student graduation rates. The stochastic results provide strong evidence of efficiency gains due to tenured faculty and increased inefficiency arising from non-tenure track faculty employment. While universities appear to have managed efficiency gains as a possible result of the Great Recession, those gains quickly evaporated in both 2012 and 2013. Separate estimates for research vs. lower level comprehensive universities, indicate that the former maintain greater operating efficiencies. Given that public universities are being subject to new funding models that tie funding to the production of student success rates, the continuing non-tenure track employment substitution suggests that universities are potentially mismanaged in generating funding support for faculty employment and student success.Keywords: Tenure, non-tenure, faculty employment, stochastic frontier, university
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Luckert, Martin K. "The perceived security of institutional investment environments of some British Columbia forest tenures". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, n. 3 (1 marzo 1991): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-039.
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Changes in forest tenure policies may create insecure investment environments for tenure holders, which can result in misallocations of investment capital. A methodology is developed to measure tenure holders' perceived security in their tenure arrangements. The methodology is applied to three types of tenures in British Columbia. Results indicate that tenure holders perceive Tree Farm Licences and Timber Lands as insecure and Taxation Tree Farms as secure.
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Premeaux, Shane R., e R. Wayne Mondy. "Tenure: Tenured versus Nontenured Faculty Perspectives". Journal of Education for Business 72, n. 6 (agosto 1997): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832323.1997.10116869.
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Aliagan, Isiaka, Abdulkadir Yahaya e Kamaldin Babatunde. "Comparative Analysis of Anti-corruption Reporting by Daily Trust and the Nation Newspapers in the First and Second Tenure of Nigeria’s Muhammadu Buhari Government". Jurnal Bina Praja 14, n. 1 (29 aprile 2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.83-95.
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Studies on corruption coverage by newspapers in Nigeria during the Buhari administration focused on broad corruption issues, his first tenure, and almost zero studies on anti-corruption during his ongoing second tenure to lapse in 2023. This study aims to examine anti-corruption reporting by two Nigerian newspapers, Daily Trust and The Nation, within the first and second tenures of the Buhari administration. The study content-analyzed 475 editorial contents covering the first year in each of the first and second tenures (2015/2016 and 2019/2020). Findings revealed that The Nation reported more stories on anti-corruption than the Daily Trust in both the first and second tenures. However, both newspapers recorded a significant drop in corruption coverage in the second tenure. News stories took the lead in the first and second tenures, with 72.4% and 84.4%, respectively. The study found that both newspapers published more front and back page contents in the first tenure than in the second tenure, but published less front and back page reports on corruption compared to reports on the inside pages during the period of study. The newspapers also published more stories, measuring more than 100 lines during the second tenure than the first. In contrast, more uncritical reports of anti-corruption were published in the first tenure than in the second by the two. The study concluded that poor investigative journalism drive, among other factors, was responsible for the decline in corruption reports, especially during the 2019/2020 period. It recommends that newspapers strive not to allow ethno-religious interests to influence editorial responses on corruption and increase their investigative journalism drive to win the corruption war in the country.
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Dawson, Debra L., Ken N. Meadows, Erika Kustra e Kathryn D. Hansen. "Perceptions of Institutional Teaching Culture by Tenured, Tenure-track, and Sessional Faculty". Canadian Journal of Higher Education 49, n. 3 (9 gennaio 2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1066639ar.
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The Institutional Teaching Culture Perception Survey (ITCPS) was used to investigate beliefs of tenured, tenure-track, and sessional faculty members (N=576) about the teaching culture within three large research-intensive universities in Canada. As predicted, we found significant differences between these three groups of faculty members’ perceptions of their institutions’ teaching cultures. Sessional faculty perceived that their universities rewarded effective teaching less than their tenured or tenure-track colleagues. Tenured faculty were less likely than the tenure-track and sessional faculty to believe it was important to encourage, recognize, or assess effective teaching. These results have important implications for the quality of teachingand, ultimately, student learning, as sessional faculty are teaching an increasing number of students and tenured faculty are the primary decision-makers in setting the priorities for their institutions.
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Dawson, Debra L., Ken N. Meadows, Erika Kustra e Kathryn D. Hansen. "Perceptions of Institutional Teaching Culture by Tenured, Tenure-track, and Sessional Faculty". Canadian Journal of Higher Education 49, n. 3 (10 dicembre 2019): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v49i3.188493.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Institutional Teaching Culture Perception Survey (ITCPS) was used to investigate beliefs of tenured, tenure-track, and sessional faculty members (N=576) about the teaching culture within three large research-intensive universities in Canada. As predicted, we found significant differences between these three groups of faculty members’ perceptions of their institutions’ teaching cultures. Sessional faculty perceived that their universities rewarded effective teaching less than their tenured or tenure-track colleagues. Tenured faculty were less likely than the tenure-track and sessional faculty to believe it was important to encourage, recognize, or assess effective teaching. These results have important implications for the quality of teachingand, ultimately, student learning, as sessional faculty are teaching an increasing number of students and tenured faculty are the primary decision-makers in setting the priorities for their institutions.
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Bergonzi, Louis, Deanna Yerichuk, Kiera Galway e Elizabeth Gould. "Demographics of Tenure-Stream Music Faculty in Canadian Post-secondary Institutions". Articles 35, n. 1 (14 febbraio 2017): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038945ar.
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This study provides a snapshot of tenure at Canadian post-secondary music institutions, with a particular focus on gender and race/ethnicity. The data show tenure has been granted at high rates over a five-year period, and that women are no more or less likely to achieve tenure than men. However, more men than women hold both tenured and tenure-track positions, at a ratio of 2:1. The sample size of non-white faculty was not large enough to conduct statistical analyses about tenure rates in relation to race/ethnicity, although the extremely low rates of non-white tenure-track faculty suggest that diversity remains a concern in post-secondary music programs.
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Yee, Gary, e Larry Cuban. "When is Tenure Long Enough? A Historical Analysis of Superintendent Turnover and Tenure in Urban School Districts". Educational Administration Quarterly 32, n. 1_suppl (dicembre 1996): 615–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x960321003.
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The short tenure and frequent turnover of urban superintendents has been attributed to the growing unmanageability of urban school districts. This instability at the top is said to limit the prospects for sustained reform. In this article, we calculate the average tenure of urban superintendents since the turn of the century. Our research suggests that the tenure of superintendents has been decreasing, but not in a linear fashion and not as precipitously as is often reported in the press. We believe that a complex mix of environmental, local, and professional factors may help explain changes in tenure, but the causal and interactive relationships between them remains a mystery. Nevertheless, our findings suggest the longer-than-anticipated tenures raise questions about the relationship of "short tenures" and the problems facing urban school districts.
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Silva, Elise, Quinn Galbraith e Michael Groesbeck. "Academic Librarians’ Changing Perceptions of Faculty Status and Tenure". College & Research Libraries 78, n. 4 (4 maggio 2017): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.78.4.428.
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This study explores how time and experience affect an academic librarian’s perception of tenure. Researchers surveyed 846 librarians at ARL institutions, reporting on institutions that offer both tenure and faculty status for their academic librarians or neither. The survey reported how librarians rated tenure’s benefit to patrons, its effect in attracting and retaining quality employees, and tenure as a motivating factor in giving extra effort on the job. Researchers found that tenured librarians rated tenure as more beneficial than librarians without tenure who had more than six years of work experience at their institutions. Furthermore, non–tenure-track librarians with fewer than six years of experience at their institutions rated tenure’s effect on library patrons as more beneficial than tenure-track librarians who had not yet achieved tenure. The study implies a selective perception bias on the part of academic librarians that grows with time and warrants further consideration and study.
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Newman, Kristine. "Pre-tenures remain survival wise: How to survive your first year in a tenure-track nursing faculty position". Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, n. 6 (16 gennaio 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n6p43.
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Objective: There are many challenges when starting a nursing tenure track position. This experience exchange paper reflects on a pre-tenured faculty member’s experience during their first year in their position in a university setting.Methods: Tips for surviving the first year of a pre-tenured faculty position using Grylls’ four survival priorities are reflected. Bear Grylls’ advice for outdoor survival adventures can be applied to academia. The survival priorities of Protection, Rescue, Shelter and Water (Food) (or Pre-tenures Remain Survival Wise) are discussed in terms of knowledge gained, development of relationships and the pursuit of opportunities and resources available.Results: It is essential to maintain a positive attitude and learn as much as possible to launch an academic career successfully. Practical tips are explored and exchanged.Conclusions: It is important contemplate in this academic survival scenario, enacting in nursing tenure-track position, the concept of the Darwinian theory of evolution. Reminding us the continued existence of organisms that are best adapted to their environment, with the extinction of others who are not. There is a need to be flexible, resourceful and open-minded when entering academic position.
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Ehrenberg, Ronald G., e Liang Zhang. "Do Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty Matter?" Journal of Human Resources XL, n. 3 (2005): 647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/jhr.xl.3.647.
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Atatsi, Eli Ayawo, Jol Stoffers e Ad Kil. "Work Tenure and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors; A Study in Ghanaian Technical Universities". Sustainability 13, n. 24 (13 dicembre 2021): 13762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413762.
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This study investigates linear and non-linear associations among work tenure, organizational tenure, and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), and between leader–member exchange (LMX) and OCBs. A deductive approach was employed to collect data from academics. Using a convenience sample of 364 lecturers from six technical universities in Ghana, stepwise OLS regression analysis suggests that LMX correlates positively with OCBs. The relationship between work tenure and OCB was positive, with longer-tenured employees engaging in more OCBs. The effect of organizational tenure was, however, non-significant. Findings from this study have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this study adds to the literature on OCBs and LMX, and further enhances the understanding of how tenure in an organization can foster employee productivity. Practicaly, human resource practitioners and managers of higher education institutions can benefit from the findings of this study due to the implicit effects of both work and organizational tenure on workers’ attitudes, behaviors, and performance. This is a novel and pioneering study in an understudied context that examines work tenure, organizational tenure, LMX, and OCB in six public technical universities.
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Nelson-Flower, Martha J., e Amanda R. Ridley. "Nepotism and subordinate tenure in a cooperative breeder". Biology Letters 12, n. 8 (agosto 2016): 20160365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0365.
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In many cooperatively breeding societies, subordinate individuals delay dispersal and independent breeding. The length of time that subordinates delay dispersal (subordinate tenure) is likely to have important implications for both subordinate and dominant fitness. However, quantitative comparisons of the subordinate tenure of males and females are rare, especially with respect to the presence of same- versus opposite-sex close kin. Here, we investigate subordinate tenure and how it is affected by the genetic relationship between subordinates and dominants in the cooperatively breeding southern pied babbler ( Turdoides bicolor ). We find that for males, longer subordinate tenures result in increased likelihood of attaining dominance. In the presence of an unrelated dominant male, tenure of subordinate males is significantly shorter, indicating nepotism among males. Female tenures are unaffected by the genetic relationship to either the dominant male or female. These results are some of the first to demonstrate that the sex of both the dominants and subordinates, and the genetic relationship between them, can have significant impacts on subordinate tenure and dispersal delays. Nepotism has likely played a vital role in the evolution of cooperative breeding in this species.
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Dao, Mai, Suchismita Mishra e K. Raghunandan. "Auditor Tenure and Shareholder Ratification of the Auditor". Accounting Horizons 22, n. 3 (1 settembre 2008): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2008.22.3.297.
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SYNOPSIS: Legislators and regulators have expressed concerns about the effect of long auditor tenure on audit quality. There is little direct evidence on investors’ perceptions about long auditor tenure. In this paper, we use shareholder votes on auditor ratification as a proxy for investor perceptions about audit quality. We find, using data from 635 firms during 2006, that shareholder votes against (or abstaining from) auditor ratification are positively correlated with auditor tenure. The results suggest that shareholders view long auditor tenure as adversely affecting audit quality, and provide an empirical basis for arguments related to the impact of long auditor tenures on shareholders’ perceptions of audit quality.
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Speirs, Carol Cumming, Rhonda Amsel, Malcolm G. Baines e Jo-Anne Pickel. "Off the track: A profile of non-tenure track faculty at McGill University". Canadian Journal of Higher Education 28, n. 3 (3 maggio 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v28i3.183318.
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A survey conducted at McGill University suggests that non-tenure track faculty are a diverse group of highly-qualified individuals whose employment status involves a high degree of uncertainty. In accordance with other Canadian and American studies, the survey also found that a disproportionate number of women occupy non-tenure track as opposed to tenured or tenure track positions. Since the 1980s, North American universities have responded to increasing student enrollments and con- tinued cuts to government funding by appointing significant numbers of faculty to full-time and part-time non-tenure track positions. Due to the precariousness of their employment status, non-tenure track faculty rep- resent an attractive buffer in times of financial restraint. Despite their increasing numbers, however, little is known about the composition and concerns of non-tenure track faculty as a group. This article describes this group at one university and puts into question the structural and power relations that have led to their increased use and abuse.
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Kant, Shashi. "Recent global trends in forest tenures". Forestry Chronicle 85, n. 6 (1 dicembre 2009): 849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85849-6.
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Wide-ranging changes in forest tenures have occurred globally in recent decades, and the changes in developed countries and transition economies have been dominated by market forces. Market-based forest tenure changes are discussed in 4 categories: (i) forest management by a state-owned company (Sweden); (ii) commercialization, corporatization, and privatization of plantations (New Zealand, South Africa and Australia); (iii) creation of forest enterprises within state forestry agencies (the United Kingdom, Germany, and transition economies); and (iv) changes in forest tenures in economies in transition. The global tenure changes provide no empirical evidence in support of any specific form of tenure. I suggest 9 guiding principles, instead of a specific type of tenure, for forest tenure reform in Canada. Forest reforms should be organized: (i) keeping the future of forestry in perspective; (ii) for multiple attributes of forests; (iii) to provide flexibility, diversity, and adaptiveness; (iv) to foster forest industry competitiveness; (v) for economically optimal timber supply; (vi) to maximize the value of harvested timber; (vii) to recognize and deal with the non-separation of forest management and timber allocation and harvest; (viii) to select an appropriate organizational form, such as state business enterprise, corporation, or state-owned company, based on a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis; and (ix) to seek inputs from an expert group–without direct stakeholders. Key words: Australia, Canada, commercialization, corporatization, forest enterprise, forest tenure, Germany, New Zealand, privatization, South Africa, Sweden, transition economies, United Kingdom
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Umi Anugerah Izzati, Nurchayati Nurchayati, Yuri Lolita e Olievia Prabandini Mulyana. "Professional Commitment in Terms of Gender and Tenure of Vocational High School Teachers". IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research 3, n. 2 (31 marzo 2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v3i2.193.
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To perform effectively, teachers must have a strong professional commitment. This quantitative and comparative study examines how gender and tenure can contribute to differences in professional commitment. Subjects who participated in this study amounted to 89 people consisting of 33 female teachers and 56 male teachers at Vocational High School in Surabaya and number of teachers who have tenure more than 10 years is 22 people, while 44 people with 1-2 tenure, 23 people with 3-10 tenure. Using SPSS 25.0 for Windows, two-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference in professional commitment between male and female teachers (significance level 0.097 with p > 0.05). We also found that tenure had a statistically significant effect on professional commitment (significance level 0.013 with p < 0.05). This study shows that teachers with longer tenures exhibit greater levels of professional commitment.
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Oyieke, Samuel Ojwang'. "Firms’ Financial Performance and Corporate Board Diversity: Evidence from Kenya **". Journal of Corporate Governance, Insurance, and Risk Management 3, n. 3 (30 novembre 2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56578/jcgirm030301.
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Boards’ affects performance through their monitoring and advising functions. The ability to perform these functions depends on among other things, the experience of the board. This paper examines the effects of corporate board experience on firms’ financial performance of listed companies in the Nairobi Securities Exchange for the period 2001-2010 using System GMM. Performance variables are ROA, Tobin’s Q ratio, share price and price to book value. Experience is measured as stock of initial experience and tenure in a particular board. Tenure is found to be positively and significantly associated with the performance variables. Tenure ^2 captures the entrenchment behavior of the board. This entrenchment effect has a significantly negative effect on performance. This negative effect eventually outweighs the positive tenure effect and gives rise to the downward effect of tenure on performance hence the inverted U-relationship between tenure and performance. The study reports an optimal tenure of between 7 and 8 years depending on the performance variable being considered. At shorter tenure; there is a positive effect on performance, but at a longer tenure, entrenchment behavior of the veteran board members outweighs the monitoring effect. In fact these long tenured boards become ‘zombie boards’, thus negatively affecting performance. Stock of initial experience consists of education, and past managerial experience. It has a significant positiverelationship with performance.
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Feder, Toni. "Tenure Is As Tenure Does". Physics Today 52, n. 6 (giugno 1999): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.882703.
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Rummell, Janice E., F. Todd DeZoort e Dana R. Hermanson. "Does Audit Firm Tenure Matter to Audit Committee Members? Evidence from an Accounting Dispute". Accounting Horizons 33, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2018): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-52346.
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SYNOPSIS This study examines the effects of Big 4 audit firm tenure on audit committee member support for the auditor in an auditor/management dispute over a subjective accounting issue. One hundred eighteen U.S. public company audit committee members participated in an experiment with audit firm tenure (short/long) manipulated randomly between subjects. The results indicate that participants in the long audit firm tenure group provide more support for the auditor in the dispute than participants in the short tenure group. Audit committee support for the auditor is positively related to audit committee member experience and CPA status, as well as perceived management pressure to meet analyst expectations, but negatively related to perceived management experience in financial reporting. Finally, audit committee members' perceptions of audit firm reliability (i.e., credibility and dependability) mediate the audit firm tenure-auditor support relation. Overall, our results suggest enhanced audit committee support for longer-tenured auditors.
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Schulze, Günther G., Christian Wiermann e Susanne Warning. "What and How Long Does It Take to Get Tenure? The Case of Economics and Business Administration in Austria, Germany and Switzerland". German Economic Review 9, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2008): 473–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2008.00449.x.
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Abstract This paper investigates the determinants of tenure decisions in Germany, Austria and the German-speaking part of Switzerland for professorships in economics, business administration and related fields. Our dataset comprises candidates who were awarded tenure as well as those who were eligible but were not tenured. We show that business candidates have a higher probability of being tenured than economists. Youth, marital status and publications matter; gender and children do not. The market for first appointments in economics relies much more on publication performance than the market for business administration.
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MacLeod, W. Bentley. "Tenure is justifiable". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, n. 6 (dicembre 2006): 581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06009277.
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The target article by Ceci et al. provides some interesting results regarding how faculty might react to difficult social dilemmas, but it has little to say about tenure and its effect upon academic freedom. This comment discusses briefly what we know about tenure, and employment protection more generally, and why it may be in a university's best interest to hire tenured faculty. The comment concludes by pointing out that the results make a rather useful contribution regarding the difficulty of eliciting information on malfeasance in organizations, an area of enormous importance. For example, the results may help us understand why the government has introduced rewards for the reporting of fraud under the whistle-blowing provisions of the Federal Claims Act.
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Croco, Sarah E., e Jessica L. P. Weeks. "War Outcomes and Leader Tenure". World Politics 68, n. 4 (30 agosto 2016): 577–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887116000071.
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A growing body of literature argues that war outcomes affect leaders’ tenure in office. But disagreement persists over how domestic political institutions translate performance in war into leader accountability. Some scholars argue that the tenure of democratic leaders is most sensitive to war outcomes, while others posit that autocratic leaders are more likely to be punished or rewarded for the outcomes of conflicts. The authors argue that existing research fails to take into account two important factors: whether the leader is viewed asculpablefor the country's entry into the conflict, and whether the country features domestic institutions that make the leadervulnerableto removal from office, which varies greatly across nondemocracies. After taking leaders’ culpability and vulnerability into account, the authors show that the tenures of culpable, democratic leaders and culpable, vulnerable, nondemocratic leaders are sensitive to war outcomes. By contrast, the tenures of nondemocratic leaders who are less vulnerable to removal are not sensitive to war outcomes, regardless of their culpability.
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Akerlof, George A., e Pascal Michaillat. "Persistence of false paradigms in low-power sciences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n. 52 (6 dicembre 2018): 13228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816454115.
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We develop a model describing how false paradigms may persist, hindering scientific progress. The model features two paradigms, one describing reality better than the other. Tenured scientists display homophily: They favor tenure candidates who adhere to their paradigm. As in statistics, power is the probability (absent any bias) of denying tenure to scientists adhering to the false paradigm. The model shows that because of homophily, when power is low, the false paradigm may prevail. Then, only an increase in power can ignite convergence to the true paradigm. Historical case studies suggest that low power comes either from lack of empirical evidence or from reluctance to base tenure decisions on available evidence.
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Ahmad, Seher. "Family or Future in the Academy?" Review of Educational Research 87, n. 1 (9 luglio 2016): 204–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654316631626.
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This article critically reviews recent literature on the relationship between family formation and academic-career progression, emphasizing obstacles women face seeking a tenured position and beyond. Evidence indicates that the pipeline model is dominated by “ideal worker” norms. These norms impose rigid, tightly coupled, sequential, time-bound requirements on aspiring academics, making the raising of young children and advancing an academic career incompatible. Studies indicate that women with PhDs and young children are disproportionately more likely to leak out of the tenure-track pipeline. Lack of family friendliness is one of the chief reasons why women opt out of tenure-track careers. One way to increase the proportion of tenured women is to adapt the pipeline model by bolstering institutional work–family policies and providing child care centers. Departmental leaders can ensure that making use of work–family policies does not negatively affect tenure decisions. Collecting longitudinal data to evaluate how well policies are working is critical.
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Yarmolinsky, Adam. "Tenure". College Teaching 44, n. 3 (luglio 1996): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1996.9925566.
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Kaufmann, Jodi. "Tenure". Qualitative Inquiry 22, n. 3 (29 novembre 2015): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800415607023.
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Park, Dabney. "Tenure". Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 26, n. 3 (giugno 1994): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1994.9940677.
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O'Toole, James. "Tenure". Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 26, n. 3 (giugno 1994): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1994.9940678.
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Van Alstyne, William W. "Tenure". Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 26, n. 3 (giugno 1994): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1994.9940679.
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Galbraith, Quinn, Melissa Garrison e Whitney Hales. "Perceptions of Faculty Status among Academic Librarians". College & Research Libraries 77, n. 5 (1 settembre 2016): 582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.77.5.582.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study measures the opinions of ARL librarians concerning the benefits and disadvantages of faculty status in academic librarianship. Average responses from faculty and nonfaculty librarians, as well as from tenured and tenure-track librarians, are analyzed to determine the general perceptions of each group. Overall, faculty librarians reported more positive perceptions of faculty status than nonfaculty librarians. Tenured librarians generally reported more positive perceptions than tenure-track librarians. Despite the differences in opinion, these results offer insight into the potential benefits and disadvantages of faculty status in academic librarianship and suggest that faculty status improves relationships with teaching faculty, even if status alone cannot make them full peers.
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Nir, Adam E., e Amalia A. Ifanti. "To tenure or not to tenure? Some implications for school leaders’ proactive behavior from a comparative perspective". International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 18, n. 4 (14 novembre 2016): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-05-2016-0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Tenure is frequently conceived as a two-edged sword: on the one hand, it provides professional security enabling individuals to initiate hazardous endeavors characterized by uncertainty, risk and potential negative results. On the other hand, professional security may negatively affect motivation, promote indifference and undermine genuine initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to assess the implications tenure has on school leaders’ proactive behavior, evident in their tendency to innovate and initiate creative and authentic endeavors. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires were administered to 30 non-tenured Greek school principals and 42 tenured Israeli school leaders. School leaders were questioned about their tendency to innovate and act creatively and authentically. Findings Comparisons of groups’ mean scores show that Greek school leaders obtained higher scores when creativity, authenticity and innovativeness are compared between the two groups. These findings are further supported in a discriminant analysis indicating that the two groups’ orientations toward the discriminant function comprising variables, which characterize proactive behavior, are opposite. Originality/value The findings of the authors obtained in this study show that job security, which follows tenure, does not guarantee proactive behavior. Implications are further discussed.
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Sari, Gresilia Permata, e Stephani Lily Indarto. "Pengaruh Pergantian Auditor, Tenur Audit, dan Frekuensi Rapat Komite Audit Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan dengan Kualitas Audit Sebagai Variabel Moderating". Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis 16, n. 2 (12 settembre 2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/jab.v16i2.2259.
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Abstract
This study examine the effect of Auditor Rotation, Audit Tenure and Frequency of Audit Committee Meetings on the Quality of Financial Reports with Audit Quality as Moderating Variables. Samples are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in period of 2012 – 2016. Results show that auditor rotation affects the quality of financial reports, audit tenure affects the quality of financial reports, the frequency of audit committee meetings affects the quality of financial reports, auditor rotation affect the quality of financial reports with audit quality as a moderating variable, audit tenure affects the quality of financial reports with audit quality as a moderating variable and the frequency of audit committee meetings affecting the quality of financial reports with audit quality as a moderating variable.
Keywords: audit tenure, audit committee meetings, financial reports quality,
audit quality
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pergantian auditor, tenur audit dan frekuensi rapat Komite Audit terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan dengan kualitas audit sebagai variabel moderating. Sampel diambil dari perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2012–2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pergantian auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan, tenur audit berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan, frekuensi rapat Komite Audit berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan, pergantian auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan dengan kualitas audit sebagai variabel moderasi, tenur audit berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan dengan kualitas audit sebagai variabel moderating dan frekuensi rapat Komite Audit berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan dengan kualitas audit sebagai variabel moderating.
Kata Kunci: tenur audit, frekuensi rapat Komite Audit, kualitas laporan
keuangan, kualitas audit
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Rodriguez, Luis A. "Understanding Tenure Reform: An Examination of Sense-Making Among School Administrators and Teachers". Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 122, n. 11 (novembre 2020): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146812012201112.
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Background Since 2015, 23 states have issued a variety of reforms to the teacher tenure process. Many of these reforms have made it more difficult for teachers to receive tenure, either by extending the pre-tenure probation period or requiring some form of evidence of teacher performance. How educators and school leaders make sense of changes to tenure-granting policies likely transforms their perceptions of the teaching profession and has ramifications for staffing practices in schools. However, little research has sought to understand how states and districts have implemented tenure reform, how educators make sense of these reforms, and how teacher and school leaders’ understanding of changes to tenure statutes influence school practice and staff relations. Focus of Study The purpose of this study is to explore the sensemaking process of school stakeholders most directly affected by changes to teacher tenure policies—teachers and school leaders. To this end, this study examines the referential cues on which school staff tend to rely to understand tenure reform as well as their collective accounts of how reform translates into changes within the context of their work. Setting and Participants: Participants in this study included 30 pre-tenured teachers and 10 school leaders across 10 school sites within a single large, urban district in Tennessee. Research Design In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants during the 2016–17 and 2017–18 academic years. Transcripts of interviews were coded for recurring themes to address the research questions of the study. Conclusions/Recommendations Findings illustrate how school leaders relied on outdated state and district supports, while teachers referenced peer interactions to make sense of tenure reform. In addition, school leaders considered the enacted reforms an improvement to the previous tenure process, however, few school leaders indicated that tenure reform influenced teacher staffing and professional development within their schools. Teachers suggested tenure reform provided a sensible form of professional accountability in theory but was nevertheless undermined by a lack of communication, administrative support, and conflicting policy aims in practice. Findings highlight the robustness of peer networks in teacher sensemaking. More generally, this research has implications for the implementation of concurrent policy initiatives within schools and future directions for research on distributed and fragmented sensemaking.
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Cumming, Steven G., e Glen W. Armstrong. "Divided land base and overlapping forest tenure in Alberta, Canada: A simulation study exploring costs of forest policy". Forestry Chronicle 77, n. 3 (1 giugno 2001): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77501-3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The forest planning environment in Alberta is complicated by multiple forms of forest tenure and by an arbitrary division of the forest into separate softwood and hardwood land bases. The area within and surrounding the Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc. Forest Management Agreement (FMA) area exemplifies the problem, with a large number of independent forest products companies operating in the area. We model 17 sawmill operators and the Alberta-Pacific pulp mill trying to simultaneously satisfy their mill feedstock requirements from a forest.We examined the inefficiencies introduced by this tenure system using Tardis, a computer simulation model incorporating access development, timber harvest, and regeneration. We examined two scenarios: one representing the business-as-usual case where the 18 forest products companies are operating independently, and one where the forest is managed by one company that harvests timber and delivers it to each of the mills.The costs of the present tenure arrangements are, we believe, substantial enough to warrant a thorough re-examination of forest policy and tenure arrangements in Alberta, specifically with respect to land base designation and overlapping tenures. Key words: forest tenure, simulation modelling, timber harvest scheduling, policy analysis
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Stokowski, Sarah, Bo Li, Benjamin D. Goss, Shelby Hutchens e Megan Turk. "Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Sport Management Faculty Members". Sport Management Education Journal 12, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2018): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/smej.2017-0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Informed by self-determination theory, this study builds on previous research to examine the work motivation and job satisfaction levels of sport management faculty members, as well as any relationship between their job satisfaction levels and work motivations. A total of 193 sport management faculty responded to a survey consisting of the Job Satisfaction Survey and the Motivation at Work Scale. Results revealed that regarding job satisfaction, faculty members were more satisfied with work itself, supervision, and coworkers and were less satisfied with pay, operating procedures, and reward. While participating sport management faculty had the highest mean in intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction also was significantly positively correlated with identified regulation. Male faculty showed significantly greater overall job satisfaction than female faculty, but gender did not affect work motivation factors. Finally, results revealed no significant differences among tenured, tenure-track, and non-tenure-track faculty in motivation levels, but after controlling for motivation, job satisfaction levels of non-tenure-track faculty were significantly less than those of tenured and tenure-track faculty. Results of this study can assist higher education administrators (i.e., department chairs, deans, provosts) to better understand that this population is highly intrinsically motivated and identifies deeply with their work. Administrators should work diligently to preserve autonomy, a factor that appears to lead to greater levels of motivation and job satisfaction.
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Easton, Malcolm R., e Randolph M. Siverson. "Leader survival and purges after a failed coup d’état". Journal of Peace Research 55, n. 5 (30 aprile 2018): 596–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318763713.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
What factors explain variation in the tenure of political leaders who survive a coup d’état? Our main hypothesis is that leaders who survive a coup attempt take the opportunity to purge known and potential rivals while also deterring future coup conspirators. The severity of the purge is also hypothesized to be positively associated with longer post-coup tenures, as potential rivals are eliminated or deterred from future coup attempts. After introducing the topic of the failed coup, and presenting the dataset we developed to measure the level of punishment associated with a failed coup attempt, we offer an analysis of the effect of purges on the survival time of leaders who survive a coup attempt. We find that, conditional on regime type, purging has an effect on lengthening leader tenure, with more severe purges being associated with longer authoritarian tenures. Democratic leaders gain no advantage. Changes in military expenditures do not increase subsequent tenure. We conclude with a discussion of the results as well as what a broader dataset might reveal.
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Murphy, M., e O. Sullivan. "Unemployment, Housing and Household Structure Among Young Adults". Journal of Social Policy 15, n. 2 (aprile 1986): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400001677.
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ABSTRACTDifferentials in unemployment among young adult males are shown to be particularly associated with two factors: housing tenure and early childbearing. Even after controlling for factors such as social class and area of residence, local authority tenants have unemployment rates two or three times as high as owner-occupiers of a similar age. For movers between tenures these differentials are even greater; movers from owner-occupation to local authority tenancy have four times the unemployment rate of those moving in the opposite direction. Large differentials by the family situation of young people are also found, with childless married couples having particularly low unemployment rates. These two aspects are connected by the effect of childbearing filtering couples into different tenures. Finally, the implications for increased social polarization between the two major tenures, and the likely effect on future tenure levels, are discussed.
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Geiger, Marshall A., e K. Raghunandan. "Auditor Tenure and Audit Reporting Failures". AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 21, n. 1 (1 marzo 2002): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2002.21.1.67.
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Recently, the SEC has called for research regarding the relationship between audit tenure and audit failures. In this study, we address this issue by examining prior audit reports for a sample of companies entering into bankruptcy during the period 1996–1998. We use a multivariate analysis to test for the association between the type of audit opinion issued on the financial statements immediately prior to bankruptcy and the length of auditor tenure. Our results indicate that there were significantly more audit reporting failures in the earlier years of the auditor/client relationship than when auditors had served these clients for longer tenures. The results do not support the arguments of those who propose mandatory auditor rotation and suggest that, contrary to the concerns expressed by the SEC, there is an inverse relationship between auditor tenure and audit reporting failures.
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Connell, Ruth Sara. "Maternity and Paternity Policies Available to Academic Librarians". College & Research Libraries 74, n. 3 (1 maggio 2013): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl-339.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines how frequently parental leave and other related childcare policies are available to academic librarians across the United States. It also looks at the relationships between policies offered and types of academic libraries that offer those policies. The author surveyed administrators at academic libraries serving baccalaureate, master’s, and research institutions and discovered that benefits available to academic librarians are not as generous as those available to faculty, and that tenured and tenure-track librarians fare better than counterparts who are not eligible for tenure.
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Kung, George P., Oscar A. Cruz e Heidi Israel. "Changes in Leadership: A 20-Year Study of Trends in Tenure of Chairs of Departments of Ophthalmology". Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 11, n. 02 (luglio 2019): e35-e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697964.
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Abstract Objective This article assesses recent trends in tenure length for chairs of academic departments of ophthalmology. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study of current chairs from 136 institutions. Questionnaires emailed to ophthalmology chairs assessed duration of tenure and demographics of current and previous chairs. Based off of this data, trends in tenure length, turnover rates, and retention rates were determined. Results From 1998 to 2018, 255 individuals held the position of chair at 95 academic departments of ophthalmology. Mean tenure length was 17.8 years for chairs whose tenure included 2005, and decreased to 15.2 and 10.4 years for chairs whose tenures included 2010 and 2015, respectively. Mean annual turnover began at 5.3% in the first 5 years of the study, increasing to 6.5% in the following 5 years before returning to a baseline of 5.3% in the past 5 years. An average turnover of 5.2% was demonstrated during the entire study period. Five-year retention rates for new chairs averaged at 86.2%. Representation of female chairs rose from values of 2.1 and 3.1% in the beginning of the period to 7.3 and 8.4% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Conclusions The average turnover rate for chairs of ophthalmology has remained stable over the past 20 years, with an observed slight decrease in mean tenure length. This stability is welcomed in the wake of predicted turnover within the field of ophthalmology, but continued assessment and preventative policies should be maintained to continue current trends.
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Mufidah, Ninda, e Nujmatul Laily. "AUDIT TENURE, AUDITOR INDUSTRY SPECIALIZATION AND AUDIT LAG REPORT ON THE FINANCIAL SECTOR ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2013-2017". Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan 9, n. 2 (17 luglio 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v9i2.8378.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of audit tenure, audit report lag, and industry auditor specialization on financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2017. In addition to this study examining the effect of Audit Tenure (X) on audit report lag (Y), this study also examined auditor industry specialization (Z) influencing the relationship between audit tenure and audit report lag. The population of this study were all financial sector companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2017. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling and the data sources used secondary data with documentation data retrieval techniques. The total number of companies used as research samples is 55 companies. The data analysis technique used in this study is the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS 25 for Windows. The results of the study show that: (1) audit tenures haven’t a significant effect on audit report lag and (2) auditor industry specialization is not able to weaken the influence of audit tenure on audit report lag.
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Baldwin, Roger G., e Matthew R. Wawrzynski. "Contingent Faculty as Teachers". American Behavioral Scientist 55, n. 11 (26 maggio 2011): 1485–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211409194.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Contingent faculty (full-time and part-time) who are not eligible for tenure or permanent employment provide a large portion of the instruction in U.S. higher education institutions, especially at the undergraduate level. However, in spite of the important functions contingent faculty perform, we know relatively little about their teaching practices or their impact on the educational environment of colleges and universities. This article uses data from the 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF-04) to determine if contingent faculty (full-time and part-time) and “permanent” (tenured and tenure-eligible) faculty differ in their use of subject-centered and learning-centered teaching strategies. Holland’s academic environments model was also used to examine the subject-centered and learning-centered teaching practices of permanent and contingent faculty within broad academic areas. Findings indicate that the teaching practices of part-time contingent faculty differ in important ways from their other faculty colleagues. In contrast, the teaching practices of full-time contingent faculty more closely parallel those of their tenured and tenure-eligible colleagues. Based on these findings, implications for policy, practice, and additional research on this growing segment of the U.S. professoriate are included.
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Blackwell, Timothy, e Sebastian Kohl. "Urban heritages: How history and housing finance matter to housing form and homeownership rates". Urban Studies 55, n. 16 (6 marzo 2018): 3669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018757414.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Contemporary Western cities are not uniform, but display a variety of different housing forms and tenures, both between and within countries. We distinguish three general city types in this paper: low-rise, single-family dwelling cities where owner-occupation is the most prevalent tenure form; multi-dwelling building cities where tenants comprise the majority; and multi-dwelling building cities where owner-occupation is the principal tenure form. We argue that historical developments beginning in the 19th century are crucial to understanding this diversity in urban form and tenure composition across Western cities. Our path-dependent argument is twofold. First, we claim that different housing finance institutions engendered different forms of urban development during the late 19th century and had helped to establish the difference between single-family dwelling cities and multi-dwelling building cities by 1914. Second, rather than stemming from countries’ welfare systems or ‘variety of capitalism’, we argue that these historical distinctions have a significant and enduring impact on today’s urban housing forms and tenures. Our argument is supported by a unique collection of data of 1095 historical cities across 27 countries.
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Park, Johann. "Economic Growth and Leader Tenure". Korean Data Analysis Society 19, n. 6 (31 dicembre 2017): 2909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2017.19.6.2909.
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