Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Temperature"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Consulta la lista di attuali articoli, libri, tesi, atti di convegni e altre fonti scientifiche attinenti al tema "Temperature".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Articoli di riviste sul tema "Temperature"
1
Skowera, Barbara, e Jakub Wojkowski. "RELATION OF SOIL TEMPERATURE WITH AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE JURASSIC RIVER VALLEY". Inżynieria Ekologiczna 18, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/65855.
Testo completo
2
LI, Yanrong, Satoshi SOMEYA, Sou YASUZAWA, Terumi INAGAKI, Shimpei SAITO, Soumei BABA e Naoki TAKADA. "Temperature dependence of temperature sensitive luminophores at cryogenic temperatures". Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2021.15 (2021): 2021–0161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2021.15.2021-0161.
Testo completo
3
Van Leeuwen, G. M. J., J. W. Hand, J. B. Van de Kamer e S. Mizushina. "Temperature retrieval algorithm for brain temperature monitoring using microwave brightness temperatures". Electronics Letters 37, n. 6 (2001): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20010269.
Testo completo
4
Chen, Anming, Jia Zhu, Qunxiong Lin e Weiqiang Liu. "A Comparative Study of Forehead Temperature and Core Body Temperature under Varying Ambient Temperature Conditions". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 23 (29 novembre 2022): 15883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315883.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When the ambient temperature, in which a person is situated, fluctuates, the body’s surface temperature will alter proportionally. However, the body’s core temperature will remain relatively steady. Consequently, using body surface temperature to characterize the core body temperature of the human body in varied situations is still highly inaccurate. This research aims to investigate and establish the link between human body surface temperature and core body temperature in a variety of ambient conditions, as well as the associated conversion curves. Methods: Plan an experiment to measure temperature over a thousand times in order to get the corresponding data for human forehead, axillary, and oral temperatures at varying ambient temperatures (14–32 °C). Utilize the axillary and oral temperatures as the core body temperature standards or the control group to investigate the new approach’s accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting fever/non-fever conditions and the forehead temperature as the experimental group. Analyze the statistical connection, data correlation, and agreement between the forehead temperature and the core body temperature. Results: A total of 1080 tests measuring body temperature were conducted on healthy adults. The average axillary temperature was (36.7 ± 0.41) °C, the average oral temperature was (36.7 ± 0.33) °C, and the average forehead temperature was (36.2 ± 0.30) °C as a result of the shift in ambient temperature. The forehead temperature was 0.5 °C lower than the average of the axillary and oral temperatures. The Pearson correlation coefficient between axillary and oral temperatures was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.28–0.52), between axillary and forehead temperatures was 0.07 (95% CI, −0.07–0.22), and between oral and forehead temperatures was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.11–0.39). The mean differences between the axillary temperature and the oral temperature, the oral temperature and the forehead temperature, and the axillary temperature and the forehead temperature were −0.08 °C, 0.49 °C, and 0.42 °C, respectively, according to a Bland-Altman analysis. Finally, the regression analysis revealed that there was a linear association between the axillary temperature and the forehead temperature, as well as the oral temperature and the forehead temperature due to the change in ambient temperature. Conclusion: The changes in ambient temperature have a substantial impact on the temperature of the forehead. There are significant differences between the forehead and axillary temperatures, as well as the forehead and oral temperatures, when the ambient temperature is low. As the ambient temperature rises, the forehead temperature tends to progressively converge with the axillary and oral temperatures. In clinical or daily applications, it is not advised to utilize the forehead temperature derived from an uncorrected infrared thermometer as the foundation for a body temperature screening in public venues such as hospital outpatient clinics, shopping malls, airports, and train stations.
5
Kawulok, Petr, Ivo Schindler, Bedřich Smetana, Ján Moravec, Andrea Mertová, Ľubomíra Drozdová, Rostislav Kawulok, Petr Opěla e Stanislav Rusz. "The Relationship between Nil-Strength Temperature, Zero Strength Temperature and Solidus Temperature of Carbon Steels". Metals 10, n. 3 (20 marzo 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030399.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The nil-strength temperature, zero strength temperature and solidus temperature are significant parameters with respect to the processes of melting, casting and welding steels. With the use of physical tests performed on the universal plastometer Gleeble 3800 and calculations in the IDS software, the nil-strength temperatures, zero strength temperatures and solidus temperatures of nine non-alloy carbon steels have been determined. Apart from that, solidus temperatures were also calculated by the use of four equations expressing a mathematical relation of this temperature to the chemical composition of the investigated steels. The nil-strength and zero strength temperatures and the solidus temperatures decreased with increasing carbon content in the investigated steels. Much higher content of sulfur in free-cutting steel resulted in a decrease of all the temperatures investigated. The zero strength temperatures determined by calculation in the IDS software during solidification were approximately 43–85 °C higher than the nil-strength temperatures determined experimentally during heating of the investigated steels. The linear dependence of experimentally measured nil-strength temperature on the calculated zero strength temperature for the investigated steels was determined. Based on regression analyses, there were determined mathematical relations which described with high accuracy a linear dependence of the nil-strength and zero strength temperatures on the solidus temperature of the investigated steels.
6
Mikheenko, P. N. "Discrete temperatures in high-temperature superconductors". Physica C: Superconductivity 311, n. 1-2 (gennaio 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(98)00620-0.
Testo completo
7
Zhao, Xueying, Aiqin Shen e Baofu Ma. "Temperature response of asphalt pavement to low temperatures and large temperature differences". International Journal of Pavement Engineering 21, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2018): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1435883.
Testo completo
8
Le, Quang X., Vinh TN Dao, Jose L. Torero, Cristian Maluk e Luke Bisby. "Effects of temperature and temperature gradient on concrete performance at elevated temperatures". Advances in Structural Engineering 21, n. 8 (8 dicembre 2017): 1223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217746347.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To assure adequate fire performance of concrete structures, appropriate knowledge of and models for performance of concrete at elevated temperatures are crucial yet currently lacking, prompting further research. This article first highlights the limitations of inconsistent thermal boundary conditions in conventional fire testing and of using constitutive models developed based on empirical data obtained through testing concrete under minimised temperature gradients in modelling of concrete structures with significant temperature gradients. On that basis, this article outlines key features of a new test setup using radiant panels to ensure well-defined and reproducible thermal and mechanical loadings on concrete specimens. The good repeatability, consistency and uniformity of the thermal boundary conditions are demonstrated using measurements of heat flux and in-depth temperature of test specimens. The initial collected data appear to indicate that the compressive strength and failure mode of test specimens are influenced by both temperature and temperature gradient. More research is thus required to further quantify such effect and also to effectively account for it in rational performance-based fire design and analysis of concrete structures. The new test setup reported in this article, which enables reliable thermal/mechanical loadings and deformation capturing of concrete surface at elevated temperatures using digital image correlation, would be highly beneficial for such further research.
9
Zhao, Xueying, Aiqin Shen e Baofu Ma. "Temperature Adaptability of Asphalt Pavement to High Temperatures and Significant Temperature Differences". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (8 luglio 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9436321.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Temperature adaptability of asphalt pavements is very important, due to their potential influence on pavement structure design, particularly in areas that experience significant temperature differences. In this paper, a finite element (FE) model was developed, and Turpan-Xiaocao Lake Highway in southern Xinjiang was taken as a case study engineering, which tends to experience this adverse environmental condition (temperature difference: 25.5°C; July 14, 2008). In this model, the generalized Kelvin model and the Burgers model were used. The time-dependent tire pressure was considered. To guide pavement structure design and control pavement distresses in this area, seven alternative pavement structures were selected to simulate and analyze pavement temperature fields and the mechanical responses. It was observed that the influence of air temperature had the greatest impact on Str-1, possibly due to the thinnest asphalt course. Moreover, when rutting depth, maximum shear stress of the asphalt course, deflection on the pavement surface, and compressive strains at the subgrade top surface were taken as the evaluation indices, the adaptability of asphalt pavements using compound base courses had obvious advantage due to their strong absorption and reflection of load impact. The adaptability of seven structures analyzed in this paper decreased in the following order: Str-5 > Str-6 > Str-4 > Str-2 > Str-m > Str-1 > Str-3. In addition, it broke the traditional view that asphalt pavement with a flexible base had the poor ability on rutting resistance. Besides, it also suggests that when the thickness of asphalt courses was equivalent, increasing the thickness of chemical-treated base courses would help with the deformation resistance, and vice versa.
10
Rojnica, Iva, Dijana Horvat, Josip Haramija e Monika Križ. "Utjecaj temperature na klijavost sjemena zrnatih mahunarki". Sjemenarstvo 33, n. 1-2 (30 marzo 2023): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/s1.33.1-2.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Kvaliteta sjemena od presudnog je značaja za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Osnovni pokazatelji kvalitete sjemena su vlaga, masa 1000 sjemenki, čistoća, energija klijanja, klijavost i zdravstveno stanje. Energija klijanja i klijavost sjemena ispituju se prema točno propisanoj metodici ovisno o biljnoj vrsti. Za svaku biljnu vrstu propisana je podloga za naklijavanje, temperatura u procesu klijanja, broj dana potrebnih za očitavanje energije i klijavosti sjemena., te predtretman ako se radi o sjemenu koje ima izraženo svojstvo dormantnosti. Temperature ispitivanja klijavosti prilagođene su optimalnim temperaturama u vrijeme sjetve određene biljne vrste, no posljednjih godina zbog klimatskih prilika često se dogodi da su temperature u vrijeme sjetve zrnatih mahunarki osjetno niže u odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi utjecaj različitih temperatura na energiju klijanja i klijavost sjemena zrnatih mahunarki. Ispitivanje energije klijanja i klijavosti sjemena graška (Pisum sativum L.), stočnog graška jarog i ozimog (Pisum arvense L.), graha zrnaša visokog i niskog (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), graha mahunara visokog i niskog (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), boba (Vicia faba L.) i soje (Glycine max L.) provedeno je standardnom metodom u pijesku na tri temperature 15 °C, 20 °C i 25 °C. Propisana temperatura ispitivanja klijavosti kod svih vrsta je 25 °C, osim kod boba i graška 20 °C. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je klijavost sjemena na temperaturi od 15 °C niska kod svih ispitivanih vrsta, osim kod boba i ozimog stočnog graška, dok je energija klijanja sjemena graha zrnaša, graha mahunara i soje 0 %. Temperatura od 20 °C negativno je utjecala na energiju klijanja i klijavost sjemena graha zrnaša, graha mahunara i jarog stočnog graška, dok je kod boba, ozimog stočnog graška i soje utjecaj temperature bio pozitivan na oba pokazatelja kvalitete sjemena. Sjeme graška, jarog stočnog graška, graha zrnaša i graha mahunara imalo je najvišu energiju klijanja i klijavost na temperaturi od 25 °C. Niske temperature u vrijeme nicanja mogu izazvati značajne štete na usjevima zrnatih mahunarki jer je kod većine vrsta energija klijanja 0 %, a klijavost sjemena vrlo niska.
Tesi sul tema "Temperature"
1
Alvarenga, Ana Paula Dornelles de. "Estudos de sistemas cristalinos e liquidos por meio de espalhamentos Raman e Brillouin em função da temperatura". Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-27022014-110533/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Espalhamentos Raman e Brillouin foram usados no estudo de vários sistemas que apresentam questões em aberto no comportamento de suas propriedades físicas com a temperatura. Estudamos materiais de interesse geofísico, como o rutilo Ti02 e o espinélio MgAl204. Os resultados de espalhamento Raman no rutilo Ti02, a temperaturas de 1000 K, mostraram que as frequências dos fônons ópticos diminuem pouco com a temperatura. A ausência de um modo soft a estas altas temperaturas, confirma a estabilidade da stishovite, material de estrutura análoga ao rutilo TiO2, e que existe no manto terrestre. As constantes elásticas do espinélio MgAl204 foram medidas em função da temperatura, por meio de espalhamento Brillouin até 2100 K: estas foram as temperaturas mais altas já obtidas em experimentos de espalhamento Brillouin. A partir das constantes elásticas, calculamos parâmetros de importância geofísica, pois este material é estruturalmente análogo ao espinélio y-Mg2Si04, considerado o maior constituinte do manto inferior terrestre. O estudo de espalhamento Raman no material sintético c-BN, a temperaturas de 1600 K, mostrou que este material retém suas propriedades mecânicas a estas altas temperaturas, sendo indicado para aplicações onde estas condições são requeridas. Realizamos espalhamento Raman nos compostos GaI3, GaBr3,AlBr3 e AlCI3, com a finalidade de determinar suas estruturas perto de seus pontos de fusão. A estrutura dos líquidos foi determinada como sendo composta por moléculas diméricas, presentes também nos sólidos, com a excessão do composto AICI3. Neste composto, a mudança de estado sólido-líquido ocorre com uma brusca mudança estrutural, onde o sólido iônico transforma-se em um líquido de moléculas diméricas. As propriedades elásticas da água sob pressões negativas foram investigadas por meio de espalhamento Brillouin em microinclusões, naturais e sintéticas, de água e vapor de água em cristais de quartzo. Através do aquecimento, estas inclusões homogenizam a uma temperatura Th: no resfriamento a partir de Th, o sistema atinge um estado metaestável, interrompido pela nucleação da fase gasosa. Nossos experimentos geraram tensões da ordem de 100 MPa. O enxofre líquido foi estudado por espalhamento Brillouin, a temperaturas em torno da transição À. A interpretação dos espectros polarizados foi feita de acordo com o formalismo de Mori-Zwanzig, e não mostraram evidência da transição À. Os espectros despolarizados, por outro lado, mostraram uma pronunciada anomalia em torno da temperatura da transição .Raman and Brillouin scattering were used in the study of several systems which present open questions in their physical properties. under the effect of the temperature. Materials of geophysical interest were studied as rutile Ti02 and the spinel MgAh04. Results of Raman scattering from Rutile (Ti02) up to 1000 K show that the frequencies of the optical phonons decrease slowly with temperature, and do not show anomalies reported in previous work at lower. temperatures The absence of a soft mode at these high temperatures confirms the stability of stishovitte, a structural analog of Rutile (Ti02), wich exists in the Earth\'s mantle. The elastic constants of Spinel MgAh04 were measured using Brillouin scattering up to 2100 K: this is the highest temperature ever reported for a Brillouin scattering experiment. Parameters of geophysical importance were calculated, in an analog to y-Mg2Si04, believed to be the major constituent of the Earth\'s lower mantle. Raman scattering measurements on cubic boron nitride up to 1600 K, indicate that at high temperature this material retains its mechanical strength, and it is therefore suitable in applications where very high temperatures are involved. The vibrational properties of molten GaI3, GaBr3, AlBr3 and AlCI3. were determined by Raman scattering. The structure of these compounds in the molten state is a dimer represented by M2X6 consisting of two tetrahedra sharing a halide edge. In AlC13, the melting process leads to a drastic change in the structure. Using Brillouin scattering we have investigated the elastic properties of water under negative pressures. The samples were H20 liquid-vapor inclusions in -quartz which could be heated to their homogenization temperature; on cooling, negative pressures as high as 100 MPa were reached before a vapor bubble nucleated. The velocity of sound results obtained indicate that nucleation occurs long before reaching the mechanical instability region, where the bulk modulus is zero. Liquid Sulphur was studied by Brillouin scattering as a function of temperature trough the lambda transition. Mori-Zwanzig formalism was applied to fit the polarized spectra and they showed no evidence of a lambda transition. On the other hand the depolarized spectra exhibited marked changes near the lambda transition temperature.
2
Harbison, Brian K. "Temperature stabilization for negative bias temperature instability". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5Harbison.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s):lWeatherford, Todd R. ; Parker, Andrew A. "September 2007." Joint authors: Description based on title screen as viewed on October 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p.59-60). Also available in print.
3
Hsu, Chuan-liang. "Influence of cooling rate on glass transition temperature and starch retrogradation during low temperature storage /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924889.
Testo completo
4
Bezerra, Jose Raniere Mazile Vidal. "Comportamento reologico da polpa de manga (Mangifera indica L-Keitt)". [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255910.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Carlos Alberto GasparettoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T10:48:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bezerra_JoseRaniereMazileVidal_D.pdf: 32355992 bytes, checksum: 484ef63e0b0cbcd9ace1a86835808b69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Resumo: Neste trabalho experimental foi determinado o comportamento reológico da polpa de manga variedade Keitt na faixa de temperatura de 10°C a 60°C. A polpa integral foi produzida em planta piloto e refinada num "finisher" com peneira de 1,6mm. Foram também utilizadas a polpa integral centrifugada e a integral despectinizada. As análises reológicas foram conduzidas num reômetro Haake Rotovisco RV-20 com geometrias de cilindros concêntricos e de placas paralelas. Os reogramas foram descritos pelos modelos de Ostwaldde-Waelle (Lei da Potência), Casson, Herschel-Bulkley e Mizrahi-Berk na faixa de taxa de deformação 50-900s-1 e todas as amostras apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o sistema de cilindros concêntricos e de placas paralelas pq 45, com distância de 1,Omm, são os mais adequados à caracterização reológica das polpas ensaiadas. Os resultados também foram analisados em termos de viscosidade aparente, calculadas a partir do modelo de Mizrahi-Berk, através do qual foram ajustados os dados obtidos com cilindros concêntricos. O efeito da temperatura sobre os parâmetros reológicos que representam o índice de consistência (KM)foram ajustados, usando-se a equação de Arrhenius ln(KM) Al+Bl/T. Nos casos dos modelos de Mizrahi-Berk e Lei da Potência o índice de comportamento (nM)foi ajustado por uma função do tipo nM -A2+B2T. As polpas integral e despectinizada, a partir de 40°C, mostraram um aumento da viscosidade aparente
Abstract: Experiments were conducted in order to know the rheological behaviour ofmango pulp (Keitt) in the temperature range lO-60°C. Whole pulp was produced at pilot plant and refined in a finisher with 1.6mmmesh. Whole centrifuged and whole despectinized pulps were also analysed. Rheometry was conducted with a Haake-Rotovisco RV-20 system using both concentric cylinders and parallel plate. Rheograms were fitted with models by Ostwaldde-Waelle, Casson, Herschel-Bulkley and Mizrahi-Berk for the shear rate within the range 50-900s-1, showing pseudoplastic behaviour for alI pulps. Aparent viscosity were obtained from calculations using the Mizrahi-Berk fitted parameters in to data produced with concentric cylinders. Consistency index (KM)of the best fitted models were described in terms of temperature using Arrhenius equation ln(KM) Al+Bl/T and the flow behaviour index (nM)was fitted to nM A2+B2T. Whole and despectinized pulps showed an increase in apparent viscosity beyhond 40°C
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
5
Gozzo, Angela Maria. "Comportamento reologico de chocolates ao leite sem fibras e enriquecido com fibras soluveis". [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255950.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Carlos Alberto GasparettoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T09:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gozzo_AngelaMaria_M.pdf: 4762020 bytes, checksum: 0d5dc688b48d897c862795ea7fe818cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Resumo: Neste trabalho foi determinado o comportamento reológico de chocolate sem fibras e chocolate enriquecido com fibras solúveis. As amostras foram produzidas em planta piloto, aplicando-se a mesma formulação e processo para ambas as amostras, variando somente a quantidade de açúcar e fibras. As análises reológicas foram realizadas em um reômetro de cilindros concêntricos marca HAAKE Rotovisco RV-20, em temperaturas de 38, 40, 42, 45 e 50°C, na faixa de deformação de 0 a 250 s-1. Os pontos experimentais dos reogramas foram ajustados aos modelos reológicos de Casson, Bingham e Windhab e todos descreveram adequadamente o comportamento reológico dos chocolates. Os parâmetros ajustados pelos modelos de Bingham e de Windhab foram muito próximos, indicando que os termos adicionados ao modelo de Windhab não influenciaram no comportamento reológico das amostras. O melhor ajuste reológico foi obtido pelo modelo de Casson, apresentando coeficientes de correlação próximos a um (1.0) e uma diferença entre os valores experimentais e preditos pelo modelo próxima a zero. Para analisar o comportamento da tensão de cisalhamento em relação ao tempo, os experimentos foram realizados à taxas de deformação constantes (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 s-1) para cada temperatura. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a viscosidade plástica e a tensão residual são maiores para as amostras de chocolate enriquecido com fibras, as quais não apresentaram comportamento tixotrópico. O efeito da temperatura sobre os parâmetros reológicos foi descrito pelo modelo de Arrhenius, observou-se que a energia de ativação é maior para as amostras de chocolate enriquecidas com fibras
Abstract: The concern of this work was to determine the rheological behaviour of chocolate without fibers and chocolate enriched with soluble fibers. Those samples were produced at pilot plant, using the same recipe and process, varying sugar and fibers amount. The rheological analyses were realized in a HAAKE Rotovisco RV-20 system using concentric cylinders, at 38, 40, 42, 45 and 50°C for shear rate at 0 - 250 s-1. Rheograms were fitted according to the following models: Bingham, Casson e Windhab. The parameters adjusted by the Bingham and Windhab models were satisfactory, indicating that the terms added to the Windhab model, didn't have influence in the rheological behaviour of the samples. The best rheological adjustment was obtained by Casson model where the plastic viscosity decreased with temperature and the yield stress had a unsteady behaviour for both samples. The results showed that the plastic viscosity and the yield stress the largest for the chocolate enriched with fibers, which didn't present thixotropy behaviour. The Arrhenius model describe the temperature effect on rheology behaviour of samples. The results also showed that activation energy for enriched chocolate with soluble fibers is bigger than activation energy for chocolates without fibers
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
6
Stevan, Savić. "Кретање екстремних температура ваздуха на подручју Војводине у периоду 1951-2000". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=16710&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Тема докторске дисертације је анализа екстремених температура ваздуха на подручју Војводине (северни део Србије), која се простире на површини од 21.506 km2. У анализи су коришћене временске серије са десет метеоролошких станица за временски период од 1951. до 2000. године. Укупно је анализирано осам параметара екстремних температура, и то: средње максималне и минималне, апсолутне максималне и минималне и дани са екстремним температурама (ледени, мразни, летњи и тропски). Истовремено, у истраживање су укључене и временске серије распона средњих максимума и минимума, као и распон средњих апсолутних максимума и минимума. Током рада анализирани су годишњи, сезонски и месечни низови претходно наведених параметара екстрема. У циљу добијања неопходних резултата, коришћено је више метода, као што су: Александерсонов тест, проста линеарна регресија, t-тест, Мен-Кендалов тест, коефицијент корелације, кластер анализа, анализа ројева тачака, хистограм и вишеструка линеарна регресија. Резултати хомогености месечних и сезонских временских серија, који су добијени коришћењем Александерсоновог теста, представљају прве резултате за простор Војводине и показују да је 26% испитиваних низова нехомогено, од којих је 11% подешено, односно хомогенизовано. Анализе параметара екстремних температура ваздуха показују тенденције пораста у последњих педесет година XX века. Посматрајући годишње низове, јављају се позитивни трендови код свих параметара (осим за ледене и мразне дане, где су трендови опадајући), међутим, једино се за средње минималне температуре може потврдити да имају сигнификантан пораст током испитиваног периода. Истовремено, зимски и пролећни трендови имају највишу тенденцију пораста, док су са друге стране јесењи трендови генерално опадајући. Анализом распона максималних и минималних температура, увидело се да максималне температуре генерално имају нешто већи пораст од минималних, а карактеристике оваквих флуктуација делимично су објашњене корелационом анализом са другим климатским елементима, који могу имати утицај на екстреме. Резултати су показали да високу корелациону повезаност (углавном преко 0,7), односно утицај на екстремне температуре имају инсолација, облачност, падавине и релативна влажност ваздуха. Интересантно је напоменути, да у већини радова који анализирају распоне максималних и минималних температура у појединим регионима, на нивоу континента или глобалном нивоу, указују на негативне трендове распона екстрема, међутим на простору Војводине годишњи распони имају благи позитиван тренд. Коришћењем вишеструке линеарне регресије, уочено је да показатељи атмосферске циркулације, односно NAO и AO индекси, објашњавају прилично висок проценат варијанси средњих и апсолутних максималних и минималних температура, током зимског, пролећног и летњег периода. Истовремено, узрок рапиднијег тренда пораста екстрема током последње декаде XX века, указује како на промене у осцилацијама других климатских елемената, тако и на промене доминације, односно учесталости појаве одређених типова атмосферске циркулације. Резултати у докторској дисертацији показују да деведесете године представљају најтоплију декаду на простору Војводине у оквиру испитиваног периода, што је највероватније повезано и са високим позитивним вредностима NAO индекса током исте декаде, које имају утицај на пораст зимских и пролећних вредности екстремних температура.Tema doktorske disertacije je analiza ekstremenih temperatura vazduha na području Vojvodine (severni deo Srbije), koja se prostire na površini od 21.506 km2. U analizi su korišćene vremenske serije sa deset meteoroloških stanica za vremenski period od 1951. do 2000. godine. Ukupno je analizirano osam parametara ekstremnih temperatura, i to: srednje maksimalne i minimalne, apsolutne maksimalne i minimalne i dani sa ekstremnim temperaturama (ledeni, mrazni, letnji i tropski). Istovremeno, u istraživanje su uključene i vremenske serije raspona srednjih maksimuma i minimuma, kao i raspon srednjih apsolutnih maksimuma i minimuma. Tokom rada analizirani su godišnji, sezonski i mesečni nizovi prethodno navedenih parametara ekstrema. U cilju dobijanja neophodnih rezultata, korišćeno je više metoda, kao što su: Aleksandersonov test, prosta linearna regresija, t-test, Men-Kendalov test, koeficijent korelacije, klaster analiza, analiza rojeva tačaka, histogram i višestruka linearna regresija. Rezultati homogenosti mesečnih i sezonskih vremenskih serija, koji su dobijeni korišćenjem Aleksandersonovog testa, predstavljaju prve rezultate za prostor Vojvodine i pokazuju da je 26% ispitivanih nizova nehomogeno, od kojih je 11% podešeno, odnosno homogenizovano. Analize parametara ekstremnih temperatura vazduha pokazuju tendencije porasta u poslednjih pedeset godina XX veka. Posmatrajući godišnje nizove, javljaju se pozitivni trendovi kod svih parametara (osim za ledene i mrazne dane, gde su trendovi opadajući), međutim, jedino se za srednje minimalne temperature može potvrditi da imaju signifikantan porast tokom ispitivanog perioda. Istovremeno, zimski i prolećni trendovi imaju najvišu tendenciju porasta, dok su sa druge strane jesenji trendovi generalno opadajući. Analizom raspona maksimalnih i minimalnih temperatura, uvidelo se da maksimalne temperature generalno imaju nešto veći porast od minimalnih, a karakteristike ovakvih fluktuacija delimično su objašnjene korelacionom analizom sa drugim klimatskim elementima, koji mogu imati uticaj na ekstreme. Rezultati su pokazali da visoku korelacionu povezanost (uglavnom preko 0,7), odnosno uticaj na ekstremne temperature imaju insolacija, oblačnost, padavine i relativna vlažnost vazduha. Interesantno je napomenuti, da u većini radova koji analiziraju raspone maksimalnih i minimalnih temperatura u pojedinim regionima, na nivou kontinenta ili globalnom nivou, ukazuju na negativne trendove raspona ekstrema, međutim na prostoru Vojvodine godišnji rasponi imaju blagi pozitivan trend. Korišćenjem višestruke linearne regresije, uočeno je da pokazatelji atmosferske cirkulacije, odnosno NAO i AO indeksi, objašnjavaju prilično visok procenat varijansi srednjih i apsolutnih maksimalnih i minimalnih temperatura, tokom zimskog, prolećnog i letnjeg perioda. Istovremeno, uzrok rapidnijeg trenda porasta ekstrema tokom poslednje dekade XX veka, ukazuje kako na promene u oscilacijama drugih klimatskih elemenata, tako i na promene dominacije, odnosno učestalosti pojave određenih tipova atmosferske cirkulacije. Rezultati u doktorskoj disertaciji pokazuju da devedesete godine predstavljaju najtopliju dekadu na prostoru Vojvodine u okviru ispitivanog perioda, što je najverovatnije povezano i sa visokim pozitivnim vrednostima NAO indeksa tokom iste dekade, koje imaju uticaj na porast zimskih i prolećnih vrednosti ekstremnih temperatura.
This doctoral thesis deals with extreme air temperatures in Vojvodina (northern part of Serbia), which covers the area of 21,506 km2. Data series at ten meteorological stations for the period 1951- 2000 were used in the analysis. The following eight parameters of extreme temperatures were analysed: mean maximum and minimum; absolute maximum and minimum; and extreme temperature days (freezing, frosty, summer and tropical). Concurrently, the temporal series of mean maximum and minimum range were included into the research, as well as the range of mean absolute maximum and minimum. Annual, seasonal and monthly ranges of the aforementioned extreme parameters were included in the analysis. Towards obtaining important results, several methods were employed, such as Alexandersson test, simple linear regression, T-test, Mann-Kendall test, cluster analysis, scatterplot, histogram and multiple linear regressions. The results of homogenous monthly and seasonal temporal series obtained by employing Alexandersson test, being the first of the kind for Vojvodina highlighted that there were 26% non-homogenous, out of which 11% adjusted, i.e. homogenised within the analysed series. The analyses of extreme air temperature parameters trends showed increase in the last fifty years of the 20th century. Observation of annual series indicated positive trends for all parameters (except for freezing and frosty days, when the trends decreased). However, only mean minimal temperatures confirmed significant increase in the analysed period. Concurrently, winter and spring trends showed the highest increase, whereas autumn trend showed general decrease. In the course of the analysis of maximum and minimum temperature ranges, it was perceived that maximum temperatures generally showed higher increase compared to minimum, whereas the fluctuation features were partially explained by correlation analysis with other climatic elements, which might have influenced extremes. The results approved that high correlation coefficient (mainly above 0.7), i.e. the impact on extremes was perceived with insolation, cloudiness, precipitation and relative air humidity. Interestingly enough, most of the papers researching the series of maximum and minimum temperatures in certain regions, either continental or global, indicate negative trends in ranges of extremes. On the other hand, in Vojvodina the annual ranges show a moderately positive trend. The multiple linear regression technique brought to the perception that atmospheric circulation indicators, i.e. NAO and AO indices, explained the distinctly high percentage of variances in mean and absolute maximum and minimum temperatures during winter, spring and summer period. Concurrently, the cause of rapid increase in extremes during the 1990s indicated both the changes in oscillations of other climatic elements and changes in domination, i.e. frequency of certain types of atmospheric circulation. The results obtained for the doctoral dissertation indicated that the 1990s were the warmest decade in Vojvodina for the analysed period. Most probably, it was associated with high positive values of NAO index for the period, which affected winter and spring values of extreme temperatures.
7
Cieraad, Ellen. "Temperate oceanic treelines : low temperature effects on photosynthesis and growth". Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3401/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Altitudinal treelines form where tree growth is limited by low growing season temperatures. However, exactly what aspects of temperature are critical remains unclear. Temperate New Zealand treelines are at a lower altitude than in comparable temperate regions elsewhere. Past studies have shown them to be warmer, and suggested that New Zealand montane trees are not capable of growing at cool temperatures. A detailed study at six sites showed that New Zealand treelines are not anomalously warm, but instead are within the global range of growing season soil temperature at treeline. The thermal environment in summer did not differ between abrupt and gradual treelines, but winters were much colder at the former. The consistency of mean daily minimum air temperature during the growing season at 20 oceanic treelines across the New Zealand archipelago suggests that thermal thresholds to tree growth are better described by minimum temperature, rather than often-used mean temperature. Extreme freezing temperatures are unlikely to control treeline position through dieback of adult trees, as the frost tolerance of trees of all species studied was in excess of the extreme minimum temperatures experienced at the New Zealand treeline. Overall, the proposition that an absence of hardy taxa in New Zealand has resulted in low treelines appears incorrect. In controlled environment experiments, the response of photosynthesis and growth to growing season temperatures differed between the six treeline species. Three species showed evidence of reduced growth activities at low temperature (carbon sink limitation), whereas one species showed reduced growth at low temperature because of limited carbon acquisition (carbon source limitation). Different measures of sink- and source activities provided support for both hypotheses for two other species. These results highlight species-specificity in the temperature response of photosynthesis and growth as well as the complexity in the interpretation of carbon sink and source limitation hypotheses. A combined approach in the field will be required to untangle the processes and thresholds that interact to determine tree growth and treeline positions.
8
MELO, Jordanna Sousa de. "Análise de ondas de calor e de frio no Rio Grande do Sul por diferentes métodos". Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1421.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-13T17:25:26Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
JORDANNA SOUSA DE MELO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2017.pdf: 3551837 bytes, checksum: 84c4d559fd24d6944745d0099094fe06 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T17:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JORDANNA SOUSA DE MELO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2017.pdf: 3551837 bytes, checksum: 84c4d559fd24d6944745d0099094fe06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15
Com o intuito de identificar e analisar as ondas de calor e de frio que ocorrem no Rio Grande do Sul foi utilizado quatro diferentes procedimentos em 13 estações meteorológicas, espacialmente distribuídas no Estado, entre os anos de 1961 a 2010. Foram consideradas ondas de calor e frio os períodos de cinco ou mais dias consecutivos de anomalias positivas e negativas de temperaturas máximas e mínimas, respectivamente. Calculou-se as médias climatológicas de temperaturas máximas e mínimas anual, estacional e diárias, e em seguida o número de ondas de calor e de frio para cada localidade, anual e sazonal pelos métodos Índice da Organização Meteorológica Mundial (IOMM), Índice Diário (ID), Índice Sazonal (IS) e RClimdex. Ao comparar os métodos verificou-se que o IOMM foi o que detectou o maior número de eventos, os métodos ID e IS praticamente não detectam ondas de calor no verão e de frio no inverno e o RClimdex mostrou-se incapaz de detectar a variabilidade internual de ondas de calor e frio no Rio Grande do Sul. Com relação às configurações espaciais das médias climatológicas das temperaturas do ar máximas e mínimas durante os dias de ondas de calor e frio, respectivamente, assim como os próprios números de dias de ondas calor e frio observou-se um gradiente do litoral para o interior e de sudeste para noroeste. De certa forma estas configurações é uma resposta aos efeitos da continentalidade, latitude e relevo. Quanto à associação da influencia dos eventos El Niño e La Niña no número de ondas de calor e frio observou-se que, em média, ocorrem um número maior de ondas de calor nos anos de El Niño e de frio nos anos de La Niña, entretanto, esta relação não é estatisticamente significativa. Portanto, não é possível afirmar categoricamente que em anos de El Niño tem-se um maior número de ondas de calor e nos de La Niña de frio.
In order to identify and analyze the heat and cold waves that occur in Rio Grande do Sul four different procedures were used in 13 meteorological stations, spatially distributed in the State, between 1961 and 2010. Heat waves were considered and periods of five or more consecutive days of positive and negative anomalies of maximum and minimum temperatures, respectively. The annual, seasonal and daily maximum and minimum climatic averages were calculated, followed by the number of heat and cold waves for each locality, annual and seasonal, using the World Meteorological Organization (IOMM), Daily Index (ID), Seasonal Index (IS) and RClimdex. When comparing the methods it was verified that the IOMM was the one that detected the greatest number of events, the ID and IS methods practically did not detect heat waves in summer and cold in the winter and RClimdex was unable to detect the internal variability of heat and cold waves in Rio Grande do Sul. Regarding the spatial configurations of the climatological means of the maximum and minimum air temperatures during the days of heat and cold waves, respectively, as well as the number of days of heat waves and cold it was observed a gradient of the coast inland and from southeast to northwest. In some ways these settings are a response to the effects of continental, latitude and relief. As for the association of the influence of the El Niño and La Niña events on the number of heat and cold waves, it was observed that, on average, a larger number of heat waves occur in the El Niño and cold years in La Niña, however, this relationship is not statistically significant. Therefore, it is not possible to state categorically that in El Niño years there is a greater number of heat waves and that of La Niña of cold.
9
Herculano, Juliana Cardoso. "Comportamento da temperatura obtida por radar meteórico na região tropical durante o Ciclo Solar 23". Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2286.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-27T12:51:25Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
PDF - Juliana Cardoso Herculano.pdf: 2901982 bytes, checksum: 1eb37789ca96855b4c63bd56d9a06682 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T12:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Juliana Cardoso Herculano.pdf: 2901982 bytes, checksum: 1eb37789ca96855b4c63bd56d9a06682 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Temperature values around 90 km height were used to investigate a possible relationship between the variations of temperature and solar flux during the solar cycle 23. The temperature data were obtained from the meteoric signal decay time in Cachoeira Paulista (22.7 ° S, 45.0 ° W). To find a possible long-term trend and variations induced by solar activity in annual average temperatures, the data sets were analyzed by multiple linear regression. It was observed that over time the temperature obtained by the two methods show variations. The variation appears to be most pronounced for the temperatures obtained by the gradient method, in which the amplitudes are larger, as well as the respective standard deviations. To analyze the behavior of temperature during solar cycle 23, the seasonally adjusted annual averages, after eliminating the influence of solar activity, they were used and the linear trend was estimated. The average temperature calculated by the model pressure tends to increase about 0.035 K / year when the entire period of observation is considered. However, for the period between maximum and solar minimum the average annual temperature has a tendency of increase of 0.166 K / year. The results show that the annual average temperature of seasonally adjusted after removal of the effects due to solar flux obtained by the gradient method would be higher than the original period for the solar decline. It is noted that the annual temperature seasonally adjusted virtually no change when t he time trend is removed, which may indicate that the annual temperature deseasonalized obtained by the gradient method are strongly affected by the solar flux.
Valores da temperatura em torno de 90 km de altura foram usados para investigar uma possível relação entre as variações da temperatura e o fluxo solar durante o ciclo solar 23. Os dados de temperatura foram obtidos a partir do tempo de decaimento do sinal meteórico em Cachoeira Paulista (22,7°S, 45,0°O). Para encontrar uma possível tendência de longo prazo e variações induzidas pela atividade solar nas médias anuais das temperaturas, as séries de dados foram submetidas à análise de regressão linear múltipla. Observou-se que ao longo do tempo as temperaturas obtidas através dos 2 métodos apresentam variações. A variação mostra-se mais notória para as temperaturas obtidas pelo método do gradiente, em que as amplitudes são maiores, assim como os respectivos desvios padrão. Para analisar o comportamento da temperatura durante o ciclo solar 23, as médias anuais dessazonalizadas, após a eliminação da influência da atividade solar, foram utilizadas e a tendência linear foi estimada. A temperatura média calculada pelo modelo de pressão tende a aumentar cerca de 0,035 K/ano quando todo o período de observação é considerado. Contudo, para o período compreendido entre máximo e o mínimo solar a temperatura média anual apresenta uma tendência de aumento de 0,166 K/ano. Os resultados mostram que as médias anuais das temperaturas dessazonalizadas após a remoção dos efeitos devido ao fluxo solar, obtidas pelo método do gradiente, seriam mais elevadas do que as originais para o período de declínio solar. Verifica-se que as temperaturas anuais dessazonalizadas praticamente não mudam quando a tendência temporal é removida, o que pode indicar que as temperaturas anuais dessazonalizadas obtidas pelo método do gradiente são fortemente afetadas pelo fluxo solar.
10
Camillo, Luciano Mendes. "Estudo do ponto invariante com a temperatura (\"Zero Temperature Coefficient\") em transistores SOI Mosfet fabricados com tecnologia ultra-submicrométrica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-05042011-155808/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo do ponto ZTC (Zero Temperature Coefficient) em dispositivos SOI MOSFETs, funcionando em modo parcialmente (PD-SOI) e totalmente (FD-SOI) depletados. O estudo é realizado a partir de um modelo analítico simples, proposto para determinação da tensão de polarização da porta do transistor no ponto ZTC (VZTC), através dos modelos de primeira ordem das características da corrente de dreno (IDS) em função da tensão aplicada a porta (VGF) do transistor, considerando as regiões de operação linear e de saturação. Para a validação do modelo, os resultados obtidos são confrontados com dados experimentais, e foi obtido um bom ajuste dos valores, apesar das simplificações adotadas para o modelo proposto. Foi realizada uma análise para estudar o impacto no valor de VZTC com a variação no valor de parâmetros de referência, como a concentração de portadores (Naf) e a espessura do óxido de porta (toxf). O erro máximo observado em VZTC, impondo a variação nos parâmetros Naf e toxf, para os dispositivos PD é de 3,1% e 4,6% na região linear, respectivamente; e 3,5% e 7,2% na região de saturação, respectivamente. Para os dispositivos FD o erro máximo observado, devido a variação nos parâmetros Naf e toxf, foi de 11% e 10% operando no regime linear, respectivamente e 5,3% e 8,4% no regime de saturação, respectivamente. Através do modelo proposto foi realizado o estudo da estabilidade do ponto ZTC em função da variação da degradação da mobilidade com a temperatura (fator c), comprimento de canal (L) e a tensão de dreno (VDS) para os dispositivos supracitados. A analise da influência do fator c em VZTC mostrou-se mais importante nos dispositivos parcialmente depletados (PD). A tensão VZTC, para os dispositivos nMOS, apresentou um menor valor operando na região de saturação, e torna-se mais pronunciada essa diferença para dispositivos com menor comprimento de canal, para ambos os tipos de dispositivos. Observando a variação de VZTC com VDS, nota-se uma diminuição no valor de VZTC para altos valores de VDS, para os dois tipos de dispositivos estudados, n e pMOS. Os resultados do modelo proposto foram avaliados com dados experimentais de outras tecnologias SOI MOSFET. Também foi obtido um bom ajuste com os valores para as tecnologias GC-SOI e GC-GAA SOI, operando em regime linear e saturação.This paper presents a study of ZTC point (\"Zero Temperature Coefficient) in SOI MOSFETs devices, partially (PD-SOI) and fully (FD-SOI) depleted mode. The study is performed from a simple analytical model proposed for the determination of the gate bias voltage at ZTC point (VZTC) using the first-order models of the drain current (IDS) characteristics as a function of the gate voltage (VGF), operating in the linear and saturation regimes. To validate the model proposed results were compared with experimental data, and the analytical predictions are in very close agreement with experimental results in spite of the simplification used for the VZTC model proposed. Analysis was performed to study the impact on the VZTC value with the change in the parameters used as reference, such as Naf and toxf. The maximum error observed for the PD devices is 3.1% and 4.6% in the linear region and 3.5% and 7.2% in the saturation region, respectively. For FD devices the maximum error observed was 11% and 10% operating in the linear and 5.3% and 8.4% in the saturation regime. In order to verify the stability of the ZTC point as a function of the mobility degradation (c), channel length (L) and drain voltage (VDS), the proposed model was applied to the devices mentioned above. The VZTC changes in the temperature range investigated showed a temperature mobility degradation dependence and are more pronounced in PD devices. The VZTC voltage for nMOS devices presented a lower value operating in the saturation region than in the linear region, and this difference becomes more pronounced to devices with smaller channel length for both devices, n and pMOS. Analyzing the VZTC variation with drain voltage (VDS), showed a decrease in VZTC value for higher VDS, for both studied devices. The model proposed results were evaluated using experimental data from other SOI MOSFET technologies. And also we have obtained for the GC SOI and GC-GAA-SOI technologies a very close agreement, operating in both regions, linear and saturation.
Libri sul tema "Temperature"
1
Woodford, Chris. Temperature. San Diego, Calif: Blackbirch Press, 2005.
Cerca il testo completo
2
Quinn, T. J. Temperature. 2a ed. London: Academic Press, 1990.
Cerca il testo completo
3
Laboratory, National Physics, a cura di. Temperature. Teddington: NPL, 1993.
Cerca il testo completo
4
Walpole, Brenda. Temperature. Milwaukee: Gareth Stevens Pub., 1995.
Cerca il testo completo
5
Woodford, Chris. Temperature. New York: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2013.
Cerca il testo completo
6
Smorodinsky, Iakov Abramovich. Temperature. Moscú: Mir, 1988.
Cerca il testo completo
7
Schuetz, Kristin. Temperature. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2016.
Cerca il testo completo
8
Sarfatti, Esther, e T. H. Baer. Medir la Temperatura (Measuring Temperature). Stevens Publishing LLLP, Gareth, 2015.
Cerca il testo completo
9
Sarfatti, Esther, e T. H. Baer. Medir la Temperatura (Measuring Temperature). Stevens Publishing LLLP, Gareth, 2015.
Cerca il testo completo
10
Clarke, Andrew. Temperature and reaction rate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
All other things being equal, physiological reaction rate increases roughly exponentially with temperature. Organisms that have adapted over evolutionary time to live at different temperatures can have enzyme variants that exhibit similar kinetics at the temperatures to which they have adapted to operate. Within species whose distribution covers a range of temperatures, there may be differential expression of enzyme variants with different kinetics across the distribution. Enzymes adapted to different optimum temperatures differ in their amino acid sequence and thermal stability. The Gibbs energy of activation tends to be slightly lower in enzyme variants adapted to lower temperatures, but the big change is a decrease in the enthalpy of activation, with a corresponding change in the entropy of activation, both associated with a more open, flexible structure. Despite evolutionary adjustments to individual enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism (ATP regeneration), many whole-organism processes operate faster in tropical ectotherms compared with temperate or polar ectotherms. Examples include locomotion (muscle power output), ATP regeneration (mitochondrial function), nervous conduction and growth.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Temperature"
1
Campbell, Gaylon S., e John M. Norman. "Temperature". In An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics, 15–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1626-1_2.
Testo completo
2
Sprackling, Michael. "Temperature". In Thermal physics, 15–23. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21377-1_3.
Testo completo
3
Burks, Charles S., Judy A. Johnson, Dirk E. Maier e Jerry W. Heaps. "Temperature". In Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM, 73–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4353-4_4.
Testo completo
4
Chalupa, V. "Temperature". In Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, 142–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0994-1_9.
Testo completo
5
Eaton, Gareth R., Sandra S. Eaton, David P. Barr e Ralph T. Weber. "Temperature". In Quantitative EPR, 91–99. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-92948-3_9.
Testo completo
6
Smith, R. J. F. "Temperature". In The Control of Fish Migration, 152–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82348-0_5.
Testo completo
7
David, Jean R. "Temperature". In Drosophila as a Model Organism for Ageing Studies, 33–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2683-8_3.
Testo completo
8
Gooch, Jan W. "Temperature". In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 731–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11603.
Testo completo
9
Blackburn, James A. "Temperature". In Modern Instrumentation for Scientists and Engineers, 123–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0103-5_9.
Testo completo
10
Smith, Joyce, e Rachel Roberts. "Temperature". In Vital Signs for Nurses, 82–95. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119139119.ch5.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Temperature"
1
Tranquada, J. M. "Experimental evidence for topological doping in the cuprates". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59636.
Testo completo
2
Panas, Itai. "Microscopic theory for high-T[sub c] superconductivity". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59584.
Testo completo
3
Phillips, J. C. "Filamentary dopant condensation in HgBa[sub 2]CuO[sub 4+δ]". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59585.
Testo completo
4
Shafranjuk, S. E. "Spontaneous ferroelectric state induced by external fields in a high T[sub c] superconductor". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59608.
Testo completo
5
Sinha, K. P. "The fermion-lochon model and the pseudogap in cuprate superconductors". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59609.
Testo completo
6
Cohn, Joshua L. "1/8 doping anomalies and oxygen vacancies in underdoped superconducting cuprates". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59620.
Testo completo
7
Norman, M. R. "Fermi surfaces, fermi patches, and fermi arcs in high T[sub c] superconductors". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59631.
Testo completo
8
Anderson, Philip W. "RVB revisited". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59578.
Testo completo
9
Chen, Qijin, Ioan Kosztin, Boldizsár Jankó e K. Levin. "A BCS–Bose-Einstein crossover theory and its application to the cuprates". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59579.
Testo completo
10
Demler, Eugene, e Shou-Cheng Zhang. "Resonant neutron scattering on the high Tc cuprates and π and η excitations of the t-J and Hubbard models". In High temperature superconductivity. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59580.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Temperature"
1
Payer. L51904 High Temperature Performance of Existing Pipeline Coatings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), gennaio 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011155.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective was to establish the performance of commonly used pipeline-coating materials over the temperature range from 120F to 200F (49C to 93C). The results are useful for the prediction of in-service limitations, integrity and time-to-failure of coatings. Results at higher temperature are directly relevant to pipelines operating at higher temperatures. In addition, elevated temperature has been an accelerating factor used to predict performance at longer times at ambient temperature.
2
Wilkowski, G. M., D. Rudland, P. Mincer, B. Metrovich e D. Rider. L52249 Failure Initation Modes of Pipe with High Charpy Transition Temperature. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), maggio 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012041.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This report presents a methodology that determines the lowest temperature where ductile fracture would occur for either sharp cracks or blunt corrosion flaws in older low-toughness line pipe base metals. It is applicable to either axial or circumferential flaws in pipes under quasi-static loading, i.e., normal operating conditions with no sudden transient loads. The results showed that ductile initiation of a surface crack can occur at a significantly lower temperature than the Charpy transition temperature. A master curve of transition temperatures for different pipe thickness and crack geometries was developed and validated on 1927 and 1948 vintage pipes. The master-curve of transition temperatures comes from accounting for thickness effects, loading-rate effects, and constraint effects (for a surface crack) on the transition temperatures of the flawed pipe relative to the Charpy transition temperature. These transition temperature shifts were empirically determined from hundreds of past full-scale tests and literally thousands of laboratory tests, and then checked against data developed on much older vintage line pipe steels, i.e., the 1927 and 1948 pipes in this project.
3
Wilkowski, Gery. L52249 Failure Initiation Modes of Pipe with High Charpy Transition Temperature. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), gennaio 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010352.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This project was developed to establish a general methodology to; (a) determine a simple way to assess what is the lowest temperature where ductile crack initiation will occur for a sharp crack or a blunt flaw (i.e., corrosion), (b) to developed several optional approaches to predict the transition temperature shifts that depend on what type of lab specimen data are available, and (c) show validation from past tests as well as by conducting tests on older vintage linepipe steels. This report presents a methodology that determines the lowest temperature where ductile fracture would occur for either a sharp cracks or blunt corrosion flaws in older low-toughness linepipe base metals. It is applicable to either axial or circumferential flaws in pipes under quasi-static loading, i.e., normal operating conditions with no sudden transient loads. The results showed that ductile initiation of a surface crack can occur at a significantly lower temperature than the Charpy transition temperature. A master curve of transition temperatures for different pipe thickness and crack geometries was developed and validated on 1927 and 1948 vintage pipes. The master-curve of transition temperatures comes from accounting for thickness effects, loading-rate effects, and constraint effects (for a surface crack) on the transition temperatures of the flawed pipe relative to the Charpy transition temperature. These transition temperature shifts were empirically determined from hundreds of past full-scale tests and literally thousands of laboratory tests, and then checked against data developed on much older vintage linepipe steels, i.e., the 1927 and 1948 pipes in this project.
4
VAN KATWIJK, C. Ashcroft temperature switch for bay temperature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/782342.
Testo completo
5
Colacito, Riccardo, Bridget Hoffmann e Toan Phan. Temperature and Growth: A Panel Analysis of the United States. Inter-American Development Bank, maggio 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011736.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper documents that seasonal temperatures have significant and systematic effects on the U.S. economy, both at the aggregate level and across a wide crosssection of economic sectors. This effect is particularly strong for the summer: an increase of 1°F in the average summer temperature is associated with a reduction in the annual growth rate of state-level output of 0:15 to 0:25 percentage points. When these estimates are combined with projected increases in seasonal temperatures it is found that a reduction of U.S. economic growth by up to one third could occur over the next century.
6
Olsen e Neuner. PR-179-12207-R01 Performance Measurements of Oxidation Catalyst on an Exhaust Slipstream. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010800.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Oxidation catalysts are effective at reducing CO, formaldehyde, and VOCs as long as the catalyst temperature is above the light-off temperature for each species. It is important to understand the effects of temperature and space velocity on regulated species in order to effectively apply oxidation catalyst technology to lean burn engines, in particular 2-stroke engines that typically have lower exhaust temperatures. Various catalysts were tested on an exhaust slipstream coupled to a 4-stroke lean-burn engine which allows tests to be conducted at different temperatures and flow rates. The effect of the oxidation catalysts on NO2 and odor are also discussed.
7
Welty, R. Temperature data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6794991.
Testo completo
8
Bell, B. E. Constant temperature oil bath over/under temperature control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7071027.
Testo completo
9
Feldman, L. A., e T. B. Bahder. High-Temperature Creep Under a Nonuniform Temperature Distribution,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maggio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada310380.
Testo completo
10
DeVries, Nieland, Wagg e Xie. FV387KR Temperature Effects on Threaded Couplings in Caverns. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), gennaio 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010918.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This report documents research performed to identify if gas injection and withdrawal temperatures of typical natural gas well completions could potentially result in failure of the casing through low-frequency cyclic fatigue. Finite element analyses of two salt cavern wells and one reservoir storage well were used to estimate the state of stress in the casing resulting from: (1) casing weight; (2) product pressures; (3) thermally induced stresses; and (4) external ground pressures, including salt creep. The range of stress and temperature conditions determined during simulations of gas service cycles at the lowest casing joint was used as input to another set of finite element models to predict the casing connection response when subjected to cyclic loads caused by pressure and temperature changes. The stress history at critical points in the connections was then used in cyclic fatigue analyses to determine the expected number of cycles the couplings can withstand before failure.