Articoli di riviste: "TEM"

1

Mello, Marco A. R. "CIENTISTA TEM QUE TER APETITE!" Nanocell News 2, n. 15 (27 luglio 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.15729/nanocellnews.2015.07.27.002.

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Elgendi, Mahmoud, Jawaher AL Tamimi, Aysha Alfalahi, Dana Alkhoori, Mariam Alshanqiti e Ayesha Aladawi. "Wall panels using thermoelectric generators for sustainable cities and communities: a mini-review". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1074, n. 1 (1 agosto 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1074/1/012003.

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Abstract Traditional air conditioners consume a significant portion of energy and negatively affect households’ budgets. In addition, the compressor is noisy, and the leaked refrigerant may harm the environment. On the other hand, thermoelectric materials (TEM) are materials that can transform heat into electricity and vice versa. Therefore, TEM can be used as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), so they will be an excellent alternative to traditional air conditioners because they are static and do not contain refrigerant. In addition, TEM can be used as a thermoelectric generator (TEG), thermoelectric heater (TEH), and thermoelectric dehumidifier (TED). PCM can work as a thermal reservoir so that absorbed or released energy occurs almost at a constant temperature. Therefore, PCM can act as a heat sink for TEG because PCM’s temperature depends on the type of PCM. During the day, the TEG-PCM unit as a wall panel generates electricity because heat transfers from the exterior to PCM. During the night, PCM’s latent heat transfers from PCM to the exterior, where the exterior temperature is cooler than the temperature of PCM. Therefore, TEG generates electricity. Also, TEC can cool PCM for cooling purposes. The thickness and kind of PCM significantly influence the system’s and PCM’s performance. Photovoltaic panels (PV) generate electricity from light. Therefore, PV can be integrated with TEG and PCM to increase the system’s total efficiency and augment the benefit. The present paper reviews the recent studies that adopt TEM for wall panels.

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Zheng, Rongrong, Yanli Ma, Luxing Liu, Beiying Jiang, Runmei Ke, Sisi Guo, Dunchun He e Jiasui Zhan. "Synergistic Improvement of Production, Economic Return and Sustainability in the Tea Industry through Ecological Pest Management". Horticulturae 8, n. 12 (6 dicembre 2022): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121155.

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The use of ecological principles to manage plant pests has attracted renewed attention, but our knowledge related to the contributions of ecological pest management to social and natural sustainability is fragmented. In this study, we compared the performance and resilience of tea production and the economic benefits of tea ecological management (TEM) and tea conventional management (TCM). We show that TEM significantly improved tea biomass and quality, nutritional efficiency, and beneficial insects, but reduced seasonal variation. As a result, economic return increased by $8045/ha in the TEM mode compared to $6064/ha in the TCM mode. These results confirm that TEM is a promising production mode that can reconcile the conflict between the immediate and long-term service of agriculture. However, environmental improvements associated with organic pest control benefit society, and the government should provide adequate financial support to promote the production system.

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Brito, Maria Alane Pereira de, Maria Laís dos Santos Leite e Suely Salgueiro Chacon. "“QUEM TEM FOME, TEM PRESSA”". Revista de Políticas Públicas 27, n. 2 (19 dicembre 2023): 962–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v27n2.2023.54.

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A ascensão da fome no Brasil é um fato relacionado a uma série de fatores, sobretudo pelo processo de desmonte de políticas públicas direcionadas à promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. O artigo objetiva analisar o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas de combate à fome no Brasil na perspectiva da atual conjuntura. Para isto, traça o contexto histórico de discussão e formulação de tais políticas a partir de 1940 para então compreender e discutir o cenário contemporâneo. Traz uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, a partir de leis, sites, artigos, livros e periódicos, compondo, ainda, esforços de construção da pesquisa para a dissertação do PPGAPP/UFC. Conclui que a inserção de políticas públicas direcionadas ao combate à fome, no cerne do modelo de governança, alinhada a medidas transversais de atuação é fundamental para o avanço dessa questão.

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Morozova, G. M., e E. Yu Antonov. "TEM-TDEM soundings in the eastern Siberian craton". Russian Geology and Geophysics 49, n. 11 (novembre 2008): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2008.01.010.

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Cresto, Lindsay Jemima, e Marinês Ribeiro dos Santos. "“A Decoração não tem sexo, tem personalidade”:". História, histórias 3, n. 5 (21 dicembre 2015): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/hh.v3i5.10838.

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Este artigo discute as representações de gênero na decoração de interiores domésticos, analisando as publicações do blog Homens da Casa, de autoria do publicitário Eduardo Mendes. Trata-se de um blog de decoração voltado para um público masculino, que promove a decoração baseada no conceito do it yourself, com uma abordagem bem-humorada e informal. Seu objetivo é o de promover a decoração rápida e fácil, através de dicas e sugestões no formato passo-a-passo, enfatizando o lado prático e a facilidade de reprodução dos projetos publicados. Mediante a problematização das estratégias discursivas apresentadas no blog, busca-se compreender como as representações de masculinidades e feminilidades promovidas por meio das imagens veiculadas e da linguagem utilizada nesse blog, contribuem para a reprodução de assimetrias de poder e preconceitos de gênero.

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ROSÁRIO, Victor Lean do, e Telma Amaral GONÇALVES. "“NESSE TERREIRO TEM AXÉ E TEM VIADO”". Revista Temporis[ação] (ISSN 2317-5516) 22, n. 02 (11 novembre 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31668/rta.v22i02.12136.

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O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender as relações afetivo-sexuais de homens gays produzidas em um terreiro amazônico, zona bragantina, no Pará. Deste modo, as experiências sociais que são constituídas no terreiro potencializam as vivências destes homens que fogem à heterossexualidade, ao passo que modificam as relações no terreiro. Sendo assim, e etnografia acompanha o trajeto da pesquisa e as entrevistas semiestruturadas com os homens gays também farão parte do enredo metodológico. As trajetórias analisadas das homossexualidades masculinas que transitam pelo terreiro transformam e tensionam a relação com as entidades cultuadas e criam formas de sociabilidade, agenciamentos e memórias no espaço.

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Arlet, Guillaume, Sylvie Goussard, Patrice Courvalin e Alain Philippon. "Sequences of the Genes for the TEM-20, TEM-21, TEM-22, and TEM-29 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, n. 4 (1 aprile 1999): 969–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.4.969.

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ABSTRACT The sequences of the bla TEM genes encoding TEM-20, TEM-21, TEM-22, and TEM-29 extended-spectrum β-lactamases were determined. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences indicated that TEM-20 and TEM-29 were derived from TEM-1 and that TEM-21 and TEM-22 were derived from TEM-2. The substitutions involved were Ser-238 and Thr-182 for TEM-20; His-164 for TEM-29; Lys-104, Arg-153, and Ser-238 for TEM-21; and Lys-104, Gly-237, and Ser-238 for TEM-22. The promoter region of the bla TEM-22 gene was identical to that of bla TEM-3. High-level production of TEM-20 could result from a 135-bp deletion which combined the −35 region of the Pa promoter with the −10 region of the P3 promoter and a G→T transition in the latter motif.

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Yao, Danlin, Ling Xu, Jiaxiong Tan, Yikai Zhang, Jing Lai, Yuhong Lu, Lijian Yang, Xianfeng Zha, Shaohua Chen e Yangqiu Li. "Lower TSCM and TCM with higher tem and tef cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia". Experimental Hematology 53 (settembre 2017): S85—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2017.06.192.

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Mogilatov, V. S., e A. Yu No. "TEM-TDEM soundings with the use of vertical loops". Russian Geology and Geophysics 51, n. 3 (marzo 2010): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2010.02.009.

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Ruiz, Joaquim. "Etymologia: TEM". Emerging Infectious Diseases 24, n. 4 (aprile 2018): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2404.et2404.

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Furukawa, Hiromitsu. "TEM Tomography". Materia Japan 61, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.61.35.

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EDAX. "Retractable TEM". Analytical Chemistry 67, n. 23 (dicembre 1995): 743A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00119a736.

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Kociak, Mathieu, Mathias Kobylko, Stefano Mazzucco, Romain Bernard, Alekber Yu Kasumov e Christian Colliex. "TEM Nanolaboratory". Imaging & Microscopy 10, n. 3 (agosto 2008): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imic.200890063.

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15

Williams, D. B. "The Influence of TEM Education on TEM Development". Microscopy Today 7, n. 2 (marzo 1999): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500063926.

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Learning how to operate the microscope has dominated the TEMteaching process in a way that is perhaps unparalleled by any other common scientific instrument. The TEM column is so complex that the arcane aspects of its manual manipulation become the main points to be learned by the student, rather than the use of the instrument to solve materials problems. In other words, command of the instrument often becomes an end in itself. Such an approach would preach that it is better to be able to produce a striking CDF image that is well aligned and focused than it is to be able to interpret that image in terms of the materials processing responsible for the microstructure!

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Tischler, C. R., H. W. Elberson, M. A. Hussey, W. R. Ocumpaugh, R. L. Reed e M. A. Sanderson. "Registration of TEM‐SLC and TEM‐SEC Switchgrass Germplasms". Crop Science 41, n. 5 (settembre 2001): 1654–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001.4151654x.

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Sims, P. A., C. A. Lockwood e J. D. Hardin. "Integrating Light and TEM Information with F-TEM images". Microscopy Today 13, n. 5 (settembre 2005): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192950005375x.

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Fluorescent fusion proteins are widely used to visualize the localization of proteins in worms, fish, flies and tissue culture cells. We have used two different methods that use high pressure freezing (HPF) combined with correlative light microscopy (LM) and TEM. The first method uses fluorescence from live organisms immobilized in agarose followed by HPF and standard freeze substitution in dry solvent with osmium. This pre-embedding method optimizes ultrastructural preservation. A second, post-embedding method preserves fluorescence and immunoreactivity from embedded and polymerized thin sections. Here we describe post-embedding fluorescent integrated TEM images (F-TEM).

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Tischler, C. R., P. W. Voigt e W. R. Ocumpaugh. "Registration of TEM‐LC and TEM‐EC Kleingrass Germplasms". Crop Science 36, n. 1 (gennaio 1996): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183x003600010059x.

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PAYNE, D. J., P. H. BLAKEMORE, Y. J. DRABU e S. G. B. AMYES. "Comparison of TEM-E3 and TEM-5 β-lactamases". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 24, n. 4 (1989): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/24.4.615.

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Bouneaud, Cécile, Zacarias Garcia, Philippe Kourilsky e Christophe Pannetier. "Lineage relationships, homeostasis, and recall capacities of central– and effector–memory CD8 T cells in vivo". Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, n. 4 (14 febbraio 2005): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040876.

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The lineage relationships of central–memory T cells (TCM) cells and effector–memory T cells (TEM), as well as their homeostasis and recall capacities, are still controversial. We investigated these issues in a murine model using two complementary approaches: T cell receptor repertoire analysis and adoptive transfer experiments of purified H-Y–specific TCM and TEM populations. Repertoire studies showed that approximately two thirds of TCM and TEM clones derived from a common naive precursor, whereas the other third was distinct. Both approaches highlighted that TCM and TEM had drastically distinct behaviors in vivo, both in the absence of antigen or upon restimulation. TCM clones were stable in the absence of restimulation and mounted a potent and sustained recall response upon secondary challenge, giving rise to both TCM and TEM, although only a fraction of TCM generated TEM. In contrast, TEM persisted for only a short time in the absence of antigen and, although a fraction of them were able to express CD62L, they were unable to mount a proliferative response upon secondary challenge in this model.

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Stephens, Robin, Samad Ibitokou e Michael M. Opata. "Mechanisms of maintenance of protection from persistent malaria infection by CD4 effector and effector memory T cells". Journal of Immunology 200, n. 1_Supplement (1 maggio 2018): 52.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.52.15.

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Abstract Generation of CD4 effector memory T cells (Tem) is associated with persistent infections. However, two counterintuitive features we identified obscure any mechanism for the predominance of Tem in chronic infection: that Tem differentiation begins very early in infection, and that Tem do not require persistent infection to survive. Within the first five days of Plasmodium chabaudi infection, the relative proportions of MPEC to SLEC (CD127− CD62Llo) are determined, and predict the ratio of Tcm to Tem. Furthermore, Tem survive as well as Tcm, and better than SLEC, in uninfected recipients. In addition, we determined that Tem are derived from the same memory precursor effector T cells (MPEC, CD127− CD62Lhi) as central memory T cells (Tcm). We have now identified three mechanisms promoting Tem numbers in chronic infection: 1) Tcm can be programmed by chronic infection to produce Tem, even after infection is over low-level, 2) persistent infection promotes turnover of Tem, and 3) some SLEC can also survive to generate Tem. These findings support the feasibility of generating protective Tem by vaccination. Another caveat to generating protection to chronic infection by vaccination, is that protection from disease can be improved by ongoing infection, suggesting a role for SLEC. Therefore, we tested both SLEC and Tmem subsets for contributions to protection, and found that SLEC protect best. Also, decay of SLEC coincides with declining protection as chronic infection is cleared. Nevertheless, one subset of Tem (CD127hiCD62LloCD27−) reduces parasitemia and pathology, and maintains Ifng expression in chronic infection. These findings provide important insight into mechanisms of development and maintenance of immunity to chronic infection.

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Kopsch, Luciana. "Criança tem VOZ!" Revista Chão da Escola, n. 15 (31 dicembre 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55823/rce.v15i15.115.

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Este artigo trata de uma pesquisa realizada na Escola Municipal Castro – Regional Boqueirão, objeto do Projeto Operação Lanche, desenvolvido para dar voz às crianças, público atendido pelo lanche ofertado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba, por meio de empresa terceirizada. Pesquisa aplicada pelos estudantes em todas as turmas da escola nos turnos manhã e tarde, num total de 261 participantes, na qual foi possível tabular dados relevantes, referentes à aceitação do cardápio oferecido e demonstrar a satisfação e opinião dos estudantes acerca da qualidade do lanche. Os processos educativos na escola perpassam pela ação concreta dos estudantes, sobre isso trata este artigo.

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Staffel, Julia. "Pro tem rationality". Philosophical Perspectives 35, n. 1 (5 ottobre 2021): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phpe.12143.

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Kersker, M., J. Lehman e N. Rowlands. "Computer controlled TEM". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (6 agosto 1989): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152288.

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The use of the microprocessor and/or computer for the control of lenses, deflectors, stigmators, camera, gun, accelerating voltage, vacuum system, etc. in the transmission microscope has resulted in improved and simplified operation of the microscope without a consequent sacrifice in the operating flexibility of the TEM. Based on years of experience with electron microscopists, the basic ergonometric design of the microprocessor/computer controlled instrument remains unchanged since the microscopist still has to stradle the microscope in order to operate the stage and apertures. Potentiometers are replaced by rotary encoders, programming of the encoders and of the entire instrument is accomplished by factory upgradable PROMs, and function switches have been added that are uniquely programmable and hence upgradable. Operating simplicity and improved performance were a consequence of the major design consideration, “keep the microscope properly aligned.”Under properly aligned conditions an operator can then easily operate in STEM mode, normal TEM imaging mode, diffraction mode, low mag mode.

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McCaffrey, John P. "Calibrating the TEM". Microscopy Today 5, n. 9 (novembre 1997): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500060569.

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An accurate calibration of magnification, diffraction patterns and the relative rotation between the two is critical in quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The manufacturers of TEM's supply magnification values for each image magnification step and each value of camera length for their instruments, but these values have been observed to be in error by up to 10%, These errors can occur due to variations in lenses in individual microscopes as well as through power supply variations and aging electronic components. Before attempting quantitative TEM analysis, a series of calibrations of the individual TEU should be undertaken.

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Carpenter, Graham J. C. "A “Clean” TEM". Microscopy Today 18, n. 4 (luglio 2010): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929510000477.

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“All microscopes cause contamination of the specimen under the electron beam,” said our instructor at the EELS school I was attending. “Ours doesn't!” I responded. This only caused him to repeat his assertion.

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Ackland, D. A., U. Dahmen, C. J. Echer, R. Kilaas, K. M. Krishnan, C. Nelson, M. A. O’Keefe, W. Smith e J. Turner. "Recent TEM Applications". JOM 38, n. 10 (ottobre 1986): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03258575.

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Prado, Decio De Almeida. "Hoje tem goiabada..." Literatura e Sociedade, n. 7 (6 dicembre 2004): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2237-1184.v0i7p330-331.

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Janssens, Bruno. "Aberration-corrected TEM". Imaging & Microscopy 9, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imic.200790148.

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Yamaguchi, Klenicy, e Pedro Augusto Barroso Sena. "ISSO TEM QUÍMICA?" Nexus - Revista de Extensão do IFAM 10, n. 14 (12 agosto 2024): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31417/nexus.v10i14.278.

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A química é a ciência central e suas reações e mecanismo norteiam as atividades diárias. No entanto, nem sempre os alunos conseguem ver a aplicação nas suas vidas. O presente projeto de extensão teve como objetivo divulgar a aplicação dos fenômenos químicos, utilizando materiais presentes no cotidiano. A proposta consistiu na recepção dos discentes do Ensino Médio e Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas da cidade de Coari-Amazonas. As atividades iniciaram com a realização de palestras expositivas, seguida da realização de práticas experimentais e atividades lúdicas. O percurso metodológico possuiu caráter qualitativo, a partir das seguintes etapas: I Recepção dos discentes, II apresentação do tema, III experimentação, IV ludicidade, V avaliação da atividade pelos extensionista. Este trabalho demonstrou a importância da química no cotidiano dos discentes e contribuiu com a associação do conhecido com o desconhecido, além de despertar o senso crítico e investigativo, uma vez que estes estão inseridos no contexto e na cultura da região. Pôde-se verificar que os alunos se sentiram motivados a aprender e a gostar mais de química, possibilitando assim sua contextualização e valorização dos conhecimentos populares dos discentes.

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Lima, Robson Pereira de. "Você tem fome de quê? Você tem sede de quê?" Revista Engenharia de Interesse Social 6, n. 7 (30 giugno 2021): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.36704/25256041/reis.v6i7.5885.

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Kamino, T., T. Yaguchi, T. Ohnishi, K. Umemura e S. Tomimatsu. "Site Specific TEM Specimen Preparation using an FIB/TEM System". Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (agosto 2000): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600035042.

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The focused ion beam(FIB) technique, developed for the microelectronics industry has become a major method for site specific transmission electron microscopy(TEM) specimen preparation in a wide range of materials[l]. The FIB lift-out technique has improved the specimen preparation procedures by removing complicated initial fabrication required prior to the FIB milling[2]. However, conventional FIB techniques are still having increased difficulty in meeting failure analysis needs from high technology industries such as microelectronics.We have developed a site specific TEM specimen preparation method using a combination of an FIB instrument and an intermediate voltage TEM equipped with a scanning attachment [3]. In this method, the specimen is mounted on an FIB-TEM compatible specimen holder, so that localization of the specific site can be carried out in the FIB and TEM using the same holder. The scanning electron imaging mode may be used to observe surface structures of the milled area, and the scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) mode may be used to observe structures inside of the milled surface.

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Friedrich, Heiner, Peter M. Frederik, Gijsbertus de With e Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk. "Abbildung selbstorganisierter Strukturen: Interpretation von TEM- und Kryo-TEM-Aufnahmen". Angewandte Chemie 122, n. 43 (6 settembre 2010): 8022–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201001493.

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Denton, Stephen L., Daria L. Ivanova e Jason P. Gigley. "ANTI-ASIALO GM1 TREATMENT DURING SECONDARY TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IS LETHAL AND DEPLETES T CELLS". Journal of Immunology 202, n. 1_Supplement (1 maggio 2019): 190.53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.190.53.

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Abstract Anti-NK1.1 and anti-Asialo GM1 (ASGM1) antibodies are used to deplete NK cells. Many antibody depletion strategies in vivo can have off-target effects. In a vaccine challenge model of T. gondii infection, we observed treatment of mice with these antibodies resulted in different survival outcomes after lethal secondary infection. Anti-ASGM1 resulted in 100% death and greater parasite burden at the site of infection than anti-NK1.1 treatment. We also found that anti-ASGM1 treatment depleted T cells. While both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were affected, CD8+ T cells were more susceptible to the anti-ASGM1 treatment. Surface ASGM1 of the T cells was expressed on a higher percentage of CD8+ T cells than CD4+ T cells. Not all CD8+ T cells expressed ASGM1. In immunized mice ASGM1 was highly enriched on the surface of effector memory (Tem) and central memory (Tcm) CD8+ T cells, with a greater effect on Tem cells. After secondary parasite challenge, Tem, Tcm, effector (Tef) and naïve (Tn) CD8+ T cells were positive for ASGM1. Anti-ASGM1 treatment during rechallenge resulted in greater depletion of activated IFNγ+, Granzyme B+, Tem and Tef than Tcm and Tn CD8+ T cells. In addition, anti-ASGM1 depleted IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells. Recombinant IFNγ supplementation prolonged the survival of anti-ASGM1 treated mice, demonstrating that anti-ASGM1 eliminated IFNγ-producing T and NK cells important for control of the parasite. Our results thus highlight that anti-ASGM1 is not an optimal choice for targeting only NK cells and more precise approaches should be used to target them. This study also uncovers ASGM1 as a marker of activated effector T cells and the potential importance of changes in sialylation in lipid rafts for T cell activation during T. gondii infection.

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Robin, Frédéric, Julien Delmas, Cédric Schweitzer, Olivier Tournilhac, Olivier Lesens, Catherine Chanal e Richard Bonnet. "Evolution of TEM-Type Enzymes: Biochemical and Genetic Characterization of Two New Complex Mutant TEM Enzymes, TEM-151 and TEM-152, from a Single Patient". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, n. 4 (12 gennaio 2007): 1304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01058-06.

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ABSTRACT Two clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, CF1179 and CF1295, were isolated from a patient hospitalized in the hematology unit of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France. They were resistant to penicillin-clavulanate combinations and to ceftazidime. The double-disk synergy test was positive only for isolate CF1179. Molecular comparison of the isolates showed that they were clonally related. E. coli recombinant strains exhibiting the resistance phenotype of the clinical strains were obtained by cloning. The clones corresponding to strains CF1179 and CF1295 produced TEM-type beta-lactamases with pI values of 5.7 and 5.3, respectively. Sequencing analysis revealed two novel bla TEM genes encoding closely related complex mutant TEM enzymes, designated TEM-151 (pI 5.3) and TEM-152 (pI 5.7). These two genes also harbored a new promoter region which presented a 9-bp deletion. The two novel β-lactamases differed from the parental enzyme, TEM-1, by the substitution Arg164His, previously observed in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), and by the substitutions Met69Val and Asn276Asp, previously observed in the inhibitor-resistant penicillinase TEM-36/IRT-7. They differed by two amino acid substitutions: TEM-152 harbored a Glu240Lys ESBL-type substitution and TEM-151 had an Ala284Gly substitution. Functional analysis of TEM-151 and TEM-152 showed that both enzymes had hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime (k cat, 5 and 16 s−1, respectively). TEM-152 was more resistant than TEM-151 to the inhibitor clavulanic acid (50% inhibitory concentrations, 1 versus 0.17 μM). These results confirm the evolution of TEM-type enzymes toward complex enzymes harboring the two kinds of substitutions which confer an extended spectrum of action against beta-lactam antibiotics and resistance to inhibitors.

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Kruger, Tersia, Dora Szabo, Karen H. Keddy, Kathleen Deeley, Jane W. Marsh, Andrea M. Hujer, Robert A. Bonomo e David L. Paterson. "Infections with Nontyphoidal Salmonella Species Producing TEM-63 or a Novel TEM Enzyme, TEM-131, in South Africa". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, n. 11 (novembre 2004): 4263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.11.4263-4270.2004.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella spp. producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have been reported in many countries, but there is no information on their prevalence in Africa. ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serotype Isangi and S. enterica serotype Typhimurium strains have been noted in South Africa since 2001. A total of 160 consecutive isolates of Salmonella spp. were collected from 13 hospitals located in different cities in South Africa over a 5-month period from December 2002 to April 2003. All strains were screened for production of ESBLs by the double disk diffusion test and for AmpC production by assessing resistance to cefoxitin. bla SHV, bla TEM, bla CTX-M, and bla CMY-2 were sought from all ESBL-positive and cefoxitin-resistant isolates. A total of 15.6% (25 of 160) isolates produced SHV or TEM ESBLs, and 1.9% (3 of 160) produced CMY-2. Nine S. enterica serotype Typhimurium, eight S. enterica serotype Isangi, and three S. enterica serotype Muenchen strains produced either TEM-63 or a derivative of TEM-63 designated TEM-131. Both TEM-63 and TEM-131 have an isoelectric point of 5.6, and their sequences have the following amino acid substitutions compared to the TEM-1 sequence: Leu21Phe, Glu104Lys, Arg164Ser, and Met182Thr. Additionally, TEM-131 has an Ala237Thr substitution. ESBL-producing Salmonella spp. have become a significant public health problem in South Africa with particular implications for the treatment of serious nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in children, for whom extended-spectrum cephalosporins were the preferred treatment.

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Labia, Roger, Danielle Sirot, Paul Stapleton, El Bachir Chaibi, Catherine Chanal-Claris, Kevin Shannon e Gary French. "Inhibitor-Resistant TEM β-Lactamases: Revision of the TEM-41 Sequence". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, n. 10 (1 ottobre 1998): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.10.2771.

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38

Avery, Christopher, Jenny Farmer, Matthew C. S. Tsilimigras, Charles David, Dennis R. Livesay e Donald J. Jacobs. "Characterizing Dynamical Differences between TEM-1 and TEM-52 Beta-Lactamases". Biophysical Journal 116, n. 3 (febbraio 2019): 343a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1869.

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39

Robin, F., J. Delmas, C. Chanal, D. Sirot, J. Sirot e R. Bonnet. "TEM-109 (CMT-5), a Natural Complex Mutant of TEM-1 β-Lactamase Combining the Amino Acid Substitutions of TEM-6 and TEM-33 (IRT-5)". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, n. 11 (novembre 2005): 4443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.11.4443-4447.2005.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli CF349 exhibited a complex β-lactam resistance phenotype, including resistance to amoxicillin and ticarcillin alone and in combination with clavulanate and to some extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The double-disk synergy test was positive. CF349 harbored an 85-kb conjugative plasmid which encoded a β-lactamase of pI 5.9. The corresponding bla gene was identified by PCR and sequencing as a bla TEM gene. The deduced protein sequence revealed a new complex mutant of TEM-1 β-lactamase designated TEM-109 (CMT-5). TEM-109 contained both the substitutions Glu104Lys and Arg164His of the expanded-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) TEM-6 and Met69Leu of the inhibitor-resistant TEM-33 (IRT-5). TEM-109 exhibited hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime similar to that of TEM-6 (k cat, 56 s−1 and 105 s−1, respectively; Km values, 226 and 247 μM, respectively). The 50% inhibitory concentrations of clavulanate and tazobactam (0.13 μM and 0.27 μM, respectively) were 5- to 10-fold higher for TEM-109 than for TEM-6 (0.01 and 0.06 μM, respectively) but were almost 10-fold lower than those for TEM-33. The characterization of this novel CMT, which exhibits a low level of resistance to inhibitors, highlights the emergence of this new ESBL type.

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40

Soroosh, Pejman, Shouji Ine, Kazuo Sugamura e Naoto Ishii. "OX40 signals preferentially mediate the generation of effector memory but not central memory CD4+ T cells (B15)". Journal of Immunology 178, n. 1_Supplement (1 aprile 2007): LB3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.b15.

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Abstract Memory T cells can be divided into effector memory (TEM) and central memory (TCM) subsets based on their effector function and homing characteristics. Although previous studies have demonstrated that TCR and cytokine signals mediate the generation of memory T cells, it is unclear how the generation of the two memory subsets is regulated. We found that OX40-deficient mice showed a marked reduction in the number of CD4+ TEM cells, while the number of CD4+ TCM cells was normal. Adoptive transfer experiments using Ag-specific CD4+ T cells revealed that OX40 signals during the priming phase were indispensable for the optimal generation of the CD4+ TEM, but not the CD4+ TCM population. Furthermore, CD4+TEM cells that were generated in the absence of OX40 signals showed impaired cytokine production. Collectively, the present results indicate that the generation of functional CD4+TEM cells, but not TCM cells, is critically regulated by OX40 signals.

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41

Kuo, Tzu-Yun, Aisha Hasan e Richard J. O'Reilly. "A Comparison of Human CMVpp65-Specific Central Memory and Effector Memory CD8 T-Cells When Stimulated in-Vivo with IL-2 or IL-15/IL-15Rα Complex in a Murine Xenograft Model of Adoptive Cell Therapy". Blood 124, n. 21 (6 dicembre 2014): 4805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4805.4805.

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Abstract Initial clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy have shown that the efficacy of adoptively transferred T-cells in man is often limited by the failure of cultured T cells, particularly cloned CD8 T cells, to persist in vivo. These studies demonstrated that the transferred T cells induced only transient responses and that persistence of the transferred T-cell clonotypes correlated with disease regression. A previous study suggested that CMV virus-specific CD8 T cell clones derived from central memory T cells (TCM), but not effector memory T cells (TEM), persisted long-term in non-human primates. On the other hand, another study comparing TCM and TEM derived SIV virus specific CD8 T-cell clones that were adoptively transferred in non-human primates demonstrated limited persistence of both TCM and TEM derived transferred T cells, and failed to show any difference between the two cell types. Because of these conflicting data, we have reexamed the persistence of adoptively transferred viral antigen specific T-cells derived from TCM and TEM population. Accordingly, we developed a NOG mouse model for studying the ability of human CMVpp65-specific T cells derived from central memory and effector memory populations to migrate to and accumulate in human tumor xenografts expressing CMVpp65, to alter the growth of these tumors and to persist in the tumors. This model also allows us to test immunomodulating agents and their ability to enhance targeted T-cell accumulations, antitumor activity and persistence. We analyzed CMVpp65-specific CD8 T cells derived from TCM and TEM precursors in vitro and in vivo. To tract the T-cells in vivo, we transduced membrane-bound Gaussia luciferase into TCM and TEM populations and monitored T cell trafficking by in vivo bioluminescence. Contrary to expectation, our results initially showed no differences between TCM and TEM derived CMVpp65-specific T-cell in mice co-treated with IL-2 in the time to accumulation, ultimate level of accumulation, degree of CMVpp65+ tumor regression or T-cell persistence. However, in mice cotreated with IL-15/IL-15Rα complex, both TCM and TEM exhibited more sustained engraftment and more prolonged accumulation in both the targeted tumor and in the marrow. In mice treated with IL-15/IL-15Rα, TCM and TEM derived T cells showed a similar effector memory phenotype and a similar level of regression of tumor growth. Thus, adoptive transfer of CMVpp65 specific TCM or TEM when combined with IL-15/IL-15Rα complex may support better persistence of antigen-specific T-cells following adoptive immunotherapy. Studies comparing IL-15/IL-15Rα complex with IL-15 alone are in progress. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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42

Juchem, Kathryn, Britt Anderson, Cuiling Zhang, Jennifer McNiff, Anthony Demetris, Andrew Caton, Warren Shlomchik e Mark Shlomchik. "A repertoire independent and cell intrinsic defect in murine GVHD induction by effector memory T cells (169.6)". Journal of Immunology 186, n. 1_Supplement (1 aprile 2011): 169.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.169.6.

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Abstract Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). In murine models of alloSCT, naïve T cells (TN) cause GVHD, while effector memory T cells (TEM) do not. Why TEM fail to cause GVHD is unknown and whether central memory T cells (TCM) are also unable to cause GVHD is controversial. It has been proposed that a more-restricted T cell receptor repertoire within the memory T cell (TM) pool may limit the ability of TM to recognize alloantigens. To address the role of repertoire, we developed a novel T cell receptor transgenic (Tg) GVHD model in which naive CD4+ TS1 Tg T cells, which recognize an epitope of influenza hemagglutinin (HA), are transferred, along with syngeneic bone marrow, into irradiated transgenic recipients that ubiquitously express HA. We then converted TS1 TN to TM and tested these for GVHD induction. TEM caused minimal, transient GVHD whereas TN and TCM caused potent GVHD. TEM engrafted and accumulated in the spleen to the same extent as TN, but failed to accumulate in the colon. Within the colon, TEM were dividing less actively than TN, and in co-transfer experiments TN out-competed TEM. TEM induced GVHD in recipients that lack expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2, indicating that PD-1, which is unregulated on TS1 cells post transplant, limits the ability of TEM to induce GVHD. Thus, cell intrinsic properties independent of repertoire explain the impairment of TEM while TCM clearly can cause GVHD.

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43

Blinova, E. A., A. V. Kolerova, V. E. Balyasnikov e V. A. Kozlov. "In vitro maintaining of CD4+ central and effector memory cells in normal and inflammatory conditions". Medical Immunology (Russia) 22, n. 5 (1 dicembre 2020): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-ivm-1975.

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IL-7 is a key factor for the survival and maintenance of CD4+ central (Tcm) and effector (Tem) memory cells in the whole body. In many autoimmune diseases, an elevated level of IL-7 is detected in blood serum and at the site of inflammation, thus suggesting participation of this homeostatic factor in the survival of memory T cells, including auto-reactive clones, in inflammatory disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms of maintaining CD4+ memory T cells under normal and inflammatory conditions. We developed an in vitro model of inflammation, based on induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and then evaluated the effects of IL-7 upon purified sorted populations of CD4+Tcm and Tem under normal conditions and in vitro inflammatory model. IL-7 treatment promoted maintenance of CD4+Tcm phenotype in all variants of cultures. In the absence of contact with adherent cell fraction, the IL-7-induced proliferation of Tcm and Tem was slightly reduced, both under normal and inflammatory conditions, thus suggesting low sensitivity of memory T cells to contacts with MHC, and, probably, a requirement for additional signals to provide complete stimulation with IL-7. The last suggestion is also supported by data about CD127 and CD132 expression, i.e., in the absence of contact with MHC, the proportion of CD127+CD132+ cells was decreased in both subpopulations of CD4+ memory cells. Upon in vitro cultures, IL-7 contributed to decreased expression of CD127, and increased expression of CD132 on CD4+Tcm and Tem. We have evaluated the CD4+Tcm and Tem populations by affinity of T cell receptor (TCR), using the level of CD5 expression. Т cells with high TCR affinity for self-antigens are known to have higher expression of CD5. In comparison to Tem, the Tcm contained more CD5high cells. In cultures, IL-7 promoted a high level of CD5 expression on Tcm, which was comparable to levels observed in peripheral blood cells. High CD5 expression on Tem was observed after stimulation with IL-7 in the in vitro inflammatory model. In the absence of contact with MHC, the number of CD5high cells decreased among CD4+Tem and Tcm. Thus, CD4+Tcm cells with high affinity for autologous antigens are probably dependent on the presence of homeostatic factors, in particular, IL-7, and contacts with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Under conditions of inflammation, no changes were revealed in the mechanism of maintaining CD4+Tcm, in contrast to CD4+Tem. Being less dependent on IL-7 under normal conditions, CD4+CD5highTem are accumulated in the presence of IL-7 under in vitro inflammatory conditions.

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44

Geginat, Jens, Federica Sallusto e Antonio Lanzavecchia. "Cytokine-driven Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Naive, Central Memory, and Effector Memory CD4+ T Cells". Journal of Experimental Medicine 194, n. 12 (10 dicembre 2001): 1711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.194.12.1711.

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Memory T lymphocytes proliferate in vivo in the absence of antigen maintaining a pool of central memory T cells (TCM) and effector memory T cells (TEM) with distinct effector function and homing capacity. We compared human CD4+ naive T, TCM, and TEM cells for their capacity to proliferate in response to cytokines, that have been implicated in T cell homeostasis. Interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-15 expanded with very high efficiency TEM, while TCM were less responsive and naive T cells failed to respond. Dendritic cells (DCs) and DC-derived cytokines allowed naive T cells to proliferate selectively in response to IL-4, and potently boosted the response of TCM to IL-7 and IL-15 by increasing the expression of the IL-2/IL-15Rβ and the common γ chain (γc). The extracellular signal regulated kinase and the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases were selectively required for TCR and cytokine-driven proliferation, respectively. Importantly, in cytokine-driven cultures, some of the proliferating TCM differentiated to TEM-like cells acquiring effector function and switching chemokine receptor expression from CCR7 to CCR5. The sustained antigen-independent generation of TEM from a pool of TCM cells provides a plausible mechanism for the maintenance of a polyclonal and functionally diverse repertoire of human CD4+ memory T cells.

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Ivanov, M. I., V. A. Kateshov, I. A. Kremer e M. V. Urev. "Solving 3D TEM problems". Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing 43, n. 2 (aprile 2007): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s8756699007020033.

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46

Rocha, Bárbara. "Oi, tem alguém aí?" Teia: Revista Literária dos Estudantes de Letras, n. 2 (12 maggio 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2447-0570.0.2.1-2.

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47

ALBUQUERQUE JUNIOR, DURVAL MUNIZ DE. "A história tem juízo". História da Historiografia: International Journal of Theory and History of Historiography 13, n. 34 (10 dicembre 2020): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15848/hh.v13i34.1623.

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O texto busca evidenciar, através da análise de um autor e de um livro considerados clássicos no campo historiográfico: O problema da incredulidade no século XVI: a religião de Rabelais, de Lucien Febvre, como o campo do direito e da justiça se colocam como fontes de modelos de procedimentos de investigação, de procedimentos de análise e de argumentação, e como fornecedores de um dado método de pesquisa para os historiadores. Como o juiz é, inclusive, tomado como um modelo de autoria, como uma figura que emula o papel desempenhado pelo historiador, na investigação e na escrita da historiografia. A História teria um papel judicativo, um papel avaliativo e compreensivo, daria lugar a um processo e lançaria mão de uma série de procedimentos que lembrariam a atuação de um juiz em um processo judicial e, por que não, numa investigação policial e judiciária. Seria o historiador um juiz dos tempos, dos eventos, submetendo os personagens históricos a um julgamento? São essas as questões que o texto procura responder.

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48

Burke, Peter. "A esperança tem história?" Estudos Avançados 26, n. 75 (agosto 2012): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-40142012000200014.

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Este artigo argumenta que a esperança tem uma história no sentido de que pessoas em diferentes épocas históricas têm esperança de coisas diferentes. Na verdade, ela tem uma história cultural, social e política, porque diferentes grupos sociais têm esperanças diferentes - de salvação, de liberdade, de segurança, de mobilidade social e assim por diante.

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Sakuyama, T., S. Takamura e N. Takahashi. "Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM)." Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi 52, n. 10 (1999): 1095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3862/jcoloproctology.52.1095.

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Fernandes, Fernanda Pacheco, e Fernanda Cássia dos Santos. "A Biologia tem História". Genética na Escola 12, n. 2 (30 novembre 2017): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55838/1980-3540.ge.2017.278.

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O relato a seguir apresenta uma sequência de aulas envolvendo as disciplinas de Biologia e História do ensino médio. O objetivo foi abordar de forma transdisciplinar a construção de teorias científicas que marcaram profundamente o conhecimento biológico, o pensamento social e até mesmo os acontecimentos políticos do final do século XIX e durante os primeiros anos do século XX. Através do estudo sobre o darwinismo social e a eugenia, os alunos puderam informar-se sobre o processo de construção do conhecimento científico e refletir sobre as questões éticas que perpassam o campo de estudos sobre genética tanto no passado, quanto no presente.

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