Tesi sul tema "Tectonique des plaques – Patagonie"
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Genge, Marie. "Tectonic evolution of the north-central Patagonia : a thermochronological approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR013.
The change in plate kinematics, which may have affected slab dip, can deeply influence the interplate coupling and consequently the deformation of the overriding plate. The north-central Patagonia represents a unique region to study the impact of slab-dip changes as this area is characterized by alternating episodes of steep to flat-slab since the onset of subduction below the South American Plate. The alternation of the upper plate subsidence and exhumation events related with slab steepening and shallowing episodes, respectively, or with changes in kinematics has been widely studied in the recent years along the Andes. However, some topics remain highly debated, and especially the magnitude of the vertical movements through time and space. Low-temperature thermochronology systems, which are sensitive to events involving the upper first kilometers of the upper crust, represent an efficient approach for dating and quantifying significant episodes of burial and exhumation. This thesis investigates the thermal history of the north-central Patagonian broken foreland and the Cordillera. The latter area has been widely studied through bedrock thermochronology studies compared with data from the Patagonian foreland, where only few data are available. Thus, this work aims at improving our knowledge on the relationships between the surface cooling record and the geodynamic evolution.Three apatites thermochronometers (U-Pb, fission tracks and (U-Th-Sm)/He) were used on bedrocks, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sandstones as well as on modern sediments. All samples were collected from the inner part of the north-central Patagonian Cordillera to the distal part of the broken foreland along the Atlantic coast. Compilation of these diverse thermochronology datasets, integrated by inverse thermal modeling and provenance analysis, is discussed here and compared with the different geodynamic processes proposed for Patagonia (e.g. convergence changes, slab dip variations). The new thermochronology records indicate that main unroofing of Patagonia (~3 – 4 km), Cordillera and broken foreland included, occurred during a slab-shallowing episode from late Early Cretaceous to early Paleogene, after a Jurassic – Early Cretaceous heating episode related to a significant burial below a thick sedimentary cover. This regional exhumation phase was followed by a period between the late Eocene and the early Miocene of foreland subsidence associated with slab rollback, characterized by a steady-state post-shortening low exhumation rates. During this period of relative quiescence, detrital analysis point to the Cordillera as a primary contributor of sediments for the entire foreland with a local input from the broken foreland reliefs. Finally, Miocene substantial exhumation is recognized into the Cordillera after a change of convergence rates and obliquity, especially along a dextral strike-slip fault zone active along the Cordillera. However, this exhumation phase is not detected regionally in the broken foreland. Since no regional sedimentary burial or relevant exhumation events affected the north-central Patagonian foreland, the few Oligo-Miocene ages identified along the foreland have been ascribed to the coeval intraplate magmatic processes
Barberon, Vanesa. "Evolution tectonique du dépocentre nord du bassin Austral des Andes de Patagonie". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD058/document.
The thesis plan includes the following specific objectives: According to field observations structural geological map will be obtained georeferenced area covering between the lake Buenos Aires and Mayer River in the Southern Andes Patagonian, Santa Cruz province. Provenance analysis were done by petrographic studies in sandstones at five stratigraphic sections representative of the sequences considered belonging to the Lower Cretaceous and Miocene in the northern sector of the Austral basin. Further X-ray diffraction preliminary studies at one profile (called Veranada de Gómez). Also, two lithostratigraphic units were dated and study by detrital zircons provenance. It is expected to determine for the study area, the beginning of the stage foreland, and an estimate is obtained the age of the exhumation of the regions of origin, and thus a semi-quantitative approach at a time the age of onset of uplift, as sediment dispersion models. The comprehensive analysis of these data will give the general pattern of palaeogeographic dispersal and sediments of the northern edge of Southern Basin to mesh with the southern sector pattern, which fed the study area. Moreover fragile deformation will be studied by analyzing faults striaes to characterize the deformation events in the area
Fluteau, Frédéric. "Impact de la tectonique des plaques sur le climat". Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077090.
Ballard, Jean-Francois. "Approche géologique et mécanique des décollements dans la croûte supérieure". Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10032.
Lemaire, Marie-Marie. "Les relations du bloc d'Ustyurt avec l'Iran et l'Eurasie d'après les données paléomagnétiques de formations permiennes à jurassiques de la plaque de Touran et de la plaque scythe". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR16001.
Jacob, Jensen. "Contribution à la tectonique des plaques de l'océan Indien oriental". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0002.
The frequent earthquakes in Indonesia are associated with the active subduction of the northern Wharton basin under Sunda trench. To better understand the subduction mechanism the age and structure of the subducting lithosphere have been analyzed by conducting a detailed marine magnetic interpretation of the Wharton basin. Validation of the identified magnetic isochrons is achieved by two-plate kinematic reconstructions for chron 20 young to 26 old, and by three-plate reconstructions involving Australia, Antarctica and India for the older chrons 34 young to 27 young, for which no conjugate anomalies exist in the basin. The resulting age and structure obtained for the missing part of the basin are draped on the top of the subducted lithosphere determined by seismic tomography to investigate the subduction processes and their consequences. The age and spreading rate influence physical parameters like the thickness, buoyancy, and rheology of the subducting lithosphere, which in turn result in variable "subductability" of the lithosphere, varying depth of the trench and its deviation from a regular arc. The subducted long-offset fracture zones and spreading axis play an important geodynamic role in opening asthenospheric windows through the deep slab, whereas subducting features like plateaus and seamounts affects shallower processes at the trench and in the seismogenic zone. To extend the results obtained by our three-plate reconstructions on the controversial Late Cretaceous spreading history of Australia and Antarctica, we investigate the early opening and spreading history of this plate boundary using the Bullard Contour Fit method. The method is appropriate for sinuous isochrons and in absence of clear fracture zones. Two pairs of symmetrical features are observed in the satellite-derived free-air gravity anomaly map over the conjugate margins, the strongest one interpreted as the continent-ocean boundary. They are considered as isochrons and tentatively dated 128 and 94 Ma. A proper reconstruction at 128 Ma is attained in three separate sections, with the western section corresponding to the motion between Australia-East Antarctica, the central one to the motion between the Polda Block (a transient micro-continent) and East Antarctica, and the eastern one to Tasmania and West Antarctica. The eastern margins of Australia and Tasmania are aligned. The conjugate margins of reconstructed Australia, Tasmania and West Antarctica on one hand, Lord Howe Rise and the Campbell Plateau (Zelandia) on the other hand, fit a small circle and suggest a transform motion. Aligning the Bellona Trough with the Bass Strait as an extension of the Southern Australia Fracture Zone predicts a total 600 km of transform motion, before the Tasman Sea and Pacific- Antarctic Ridge opened at ~83 Ma. The southeastward translation of East Antarctica resulted in compression and crustal thickening in West Antarctica, creating the Trans-Antarctic Mountains at the edges of different provinces - craton and orogenic terranes - and rheology. The initial opening of Australia-Antarctica is likely related to the Kerguelen hotspot inception at ~120 Ma
Duperret, Anne. "Méga-glissements sous-marins au front d'une zone de subduction : l'exemple de la marge nord-péruvienne". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066076.
Yelles, Chaouche Abdelkarim. "Etude geophysique de la microplaque juan fernandez et evolution du point triple antarctique nacza pacifique depuis 10 ma". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077280.
Mejri, Maroua Othmani. "La problématisation dans la théorie de la tectonique des plaques et l'utilisation du temps, de l'espace et du fonctionnement : par les élèves tunisiens de la troisième année sciences expérimentales". Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=884d7c0b-d45b-4258-aedd-1beb97aea2d3.
This research task concerns the problematization in the context of plate tectonics. We seek to see the various uses of space during the problematization of the distribution of geological facts to the surface of the globe, the types of mechanisms built during the problematization of the engine of plate movement and the various uses of time during the reconstruction of the birth of the Tunisian Atlas. The analysis of the pupil's productions oral and written made in reference to the theoretical model of plate tectonics and a currently accepted epistemological reflextion on the history of science of the Earth. The results show variability in the figures of space and time experienced by the pupil as well as variability in the modeling of the driving mechanism of plate movement. Some difficulties are bound to the relationship of pupils over time and withs space. The difficulties bound to time have an influence on the shape of space chosen by the pupil and the nature of the proposed model to explain a mechanism and conversely. We hold that the problematization in Earth Sciences requires the joint of time of space of a functioning. It is difficult to problematize a geological phenomenon in a historical setting without using a figure of space and to a functioning. We suggest to problematize the geologic contents in a spatial, historic or functionalist frame by taking into account the effects caused by the interference of the uses of the time of the space and the functioning for a given problem
Ouillon, Guy. "Application de l'analyse multifractale et de la transformée en ondelettes anisotropes à la caractérisation géométrique multi-échelle des réseaux de failles et de fractures /". Orléans : Éd. BRGM, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35828893t.
Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Multiscale organization of joints and faults revealed by multifractal and wavelet techniques. Bibliogr. p. 293-313. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Poblete, Gómez Fernando Andrés. "Formation de l’orocline de la Patagonie et évolution Paléogéographique du système Patagonie-Péninsule Antarctique". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S042/document.
At the continental scale, the Andes presents significant curvatures. One of the largest is the curvature of Patagonia, where the orogen and its main tectonic provinces are rotated about 90 ° from an NS direction at 50 ° to an EO orientation in Tierra del Fuego. Despite its importance, the origin of the curvature of Patagonia and its involvement in paleogeographic reconstructions remain controversial: is the result of an oroclinal bending, or an inherited characteristic? It is in this context that I made a paleomagnetic and magnetic susceptibility anisotropy in the Austral Andes region. The results suggest that the inner part of the bend is a secondary feature linked to the evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula.In this thesis, I will present the results of a paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) study of 146 sites sampled between 50 ° S and 55.5 ° S (85 sites in marine sedimentary rocks of the Cretaceous-Miocene of the Magallanes fold and thrust belt; 20 sites in sedimentary and volcanic rocks south of Cordillera Darwin, 41 sites in intrusive rocks of the Cretaceous-Eocene batholith. The AMS results in the sediments show that the magnetic fabric is controlled by tectonic processes, partially or completely obliterating the sedimentary fabric. In general, there is a good correlation between the orientation of the magnetic lineation and that of the fold axes except at Peninsula Brunswick. The wide variation in the orientation of magnetic fabrics within the batholith suggests an emplacement of intrusive without tectonic constraint. Paleomagnetic results obtained in Navarino Island and Hardy Peninsula, south of the Beagle Channel, show a post-tectonic remagnetization recording a counterclockwise rotation of more than 90 ° as that recorded by the intrusive rocks older than ~ 90Ma. The Upper Cretaceous to Eocene intrusive rocks record counterclockwise rotations of lower magnitude (45 ° -30 °). In contrast, the Magallanes fold and thrust belt mainly developed between the Eocene and Oligocene records little or no rotation. Spatial and temporal variations of tectonic rotations determined in this study support a model of deformation of the Austral Andes in two steps. The first step corresponds to the rotation of a volcanic arc by closing a marginal basin (the Rocas Verdes basin) and formation of Cordillera Darwin. During the propagation of deformation in the foreland, the curvature acquired by the Pacific border of the Austral Andes is accentuated by about 30 °. The tectonic reconstructions using the most recent Global Plate Tectonic model show the essential role of the convergence between the Antarctic Peninsula and South America in the formation of Patagonian orocline during the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene
Calais, Éric. "Relations cinématique/déformation le long des limites de plaques en coulissage : l'exemple de la limite de plaques Nord Caraïbe de Cuba à Porto Rico". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4382.
Kress, Béatrice. "Evolution de l'Arctique : implications sur la déformation des plaques lithosphériques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13131.
Davy, Philippe. "Modélisation thermo-mécanique de la collision continentale". Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34901258k.
Barbey, Pierre. "Signification géodynamique des domaines granulitiques : la ceinture des granulites de Laponie : une suture de collision continentale d'âge protérozoïque inférieur /". Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349079281.
Coulon, Angoulvant Marie-Pierre. "Tectonique du plateau de Kerguelen : relations avec le mouvement des plaques lithosphériques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13002.
Weber, Barbara. "Interactions basalte-lithosphère mantellique en contexte intraplaque océanique : exemples de Tahiti et de Tahaa, plaque rapide et de la Réunion, plaque lente /". [Fontainebleau] : Centre de géologie générale et minière, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35551681p.
Soudarin, Laurent. "Positionnement précis et tectonique des plaques à partir du système spatial DORIS". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30169.
Quéré, Sandrine. "Convection du manteau terrestre et tectonique des plaques : modélisation en géométrie sphérique". Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30242.
Diraison, Marc. "Évolution cénozoïque du bassin de Magellan et tectonique des Andes australes /". Rennes : Géosciences, Université de Rennes I, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36707443g.
Krien, Yann. "Les forces résistantes de la tectonique des plaques : apport des données gravimétriques dans les modèles numériques". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112343.
Ln this study, we use short -and intermediate- wavelengths gravity and geoid anomalies (≈100-4000km) to provide constraints on the mechanical structure of subduction zones and on the forces involved. We perform 2D instantaneous dynamically self-consistent models with Newtonian or power-law rheologies, and show that both strong decoupling of the two convergent plates and weakened bending lithosphere are necessary to reproduce the observed geoid and gravity data. Good fit are found for relatively low failure stresses. Only a small fraction of the downgoing slab weight is transmitted to the surface plates. About 10% of the energy is dissipated in the contact zone between the two plates, 10% to 20% in the bending region, and more than 70% in the sub-lithospheric mantle. The basal tractions induce a net motion of the plates, with the subducting lithosphere moving faster than predicted by the no-net motion principle. A marked positive geoid anomaly is predicted above subduction zones at intermediate wavelengths (λ≈2000-4000km) in the case of pure whole mantle convection. Such large geoid highs are not observed. We show that partial layering associated to phase transitions in the deep mantle allows to reconcile modeI prediction and observations for these wavelengths. Ln an effort to understand the physical mechanisms involved, we studied the kinetic effects of volumes changes during phase transformations. Using simple analytical and numerical models we show that macroscopic volumes changes can reduce the mantle flow significantly in the case of a thin and viscous discontinuity. Building on the nucleus growth model of Morris [2002], we also show that volume changes on a microscopic scale can induce a deflection of the phase transition zones by several kilometers even in the case of non-Newtonian rheologies and for quite low values of viscosity
Bourjot, Laurence. "Relation entre structure lithosphérique profonde et déformation de surface au Tibet". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077277.
Vigny, Christophe. "Géoïde et dynamique interne de la Terre". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112302.
Delouis, Bertrand. "Subduction et déformation continentale au Nord-Chili". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13218.
Cogné, Jean-Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude paléomagnétique des roches déformées". Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34929685x.
Rouby, Delphine. "Restauration en carte des domaines faillés en extension : méthode et applications /". Rennes : Université de Rennes I, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35738688q.
Ouillon, Guy. "Application de l'analyse multifractale et de la transformée en ondelettes anisotropes à la caractérisation géométrique multi-échelle des réseaux de failles et de fractures". Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE4834.
Mallard, Claire. "Analyse tectonique de la surface des modèles de convection mantellique". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1143/document.
Plate tectonics theory describes first order surface motions at the surface of the Earth. Although it is agreed upon that convection in the mantle drives the plates, the relationships between deep dynamics and surface tectonics are still largely unknown. Until recently, mantle convection models could not produce surface tectonics that could be compared to that of the Earth. New global models are able to form large-scale ascending and descending mantle currents, as well as narrow regions of localized deformation at the surface where convergence and divergence occur. These models selfconsistently generate an expansion of the oceanic floor similar to that of the last 200 million years on Earth, and continental drift similar to what can be reconstructed with palaeomagnetism. This Ph.D. thesis constitutes one of the first attempts to use self-organised, spherical convection models in order to better understand surface tectonics. Here, the tectonics produced by the models is finely charaterized through the study of plate boundaries, their organisation and their velocities. The goal is to be able to compare qualitatively and quantitatively the results of convection computations with surface motions, as reconstructed using the rules of plate tectonics and field observations. Plate boundaries emerging from the models were first traced and analyzed by hand so as to understand the physics that govern the typical organization of the tectonics plates on Earth. It is characterised by seven large plates and several smaller ones, following a statistical distribution that suggests that two distinct physical processes control the plates’ layout. We have determined the processes responsible for this distribution while varying the strength of the lithosphere (the yield stress). In our models, the stronger the lithosphere, the greater the total subduction length and their curvature, and the fewer the small plates. By studying surface fragmentation with triple junctions, we showed that the formation of small plates is associated with oceanic trench curvature. Large plates, however, are controlled by the long wavelengths of the convection cells. These two processes involve two different reorganisation times, controlled either by the accretion and the subduction of the large plates (about 100 Myrs), or by trench motions for the smaller plates. In order to improve the efficiency of our analysis, we have developed automated methods to study the surface and the interior of the models. The first technique is about detecting the tectonic plates automatically at the surface of the models. It is called ADOPT. It is a tool based on image segmentation technique to detect the watersheds. The surface fields of the convection models are converted into a relief field, either directly or using a distance method. This automatic detection allows to obtain plates polygons similar to the hand analysis. Another technique of detection has been developed to study mantle plumes. These analyzes were used to determine the driving forces behind the plates layout, to quantify the timing of reorganizations and to evaluate the implication of the models rheology on the surface distribution. These new analytical tools and the constant evolution of the quality of mantle convection models allow us to improve our understanding of the link between mantle dynamics and surface tectonics, but also to target necessary improvements in the convection models used
Detourbet, Christine. "Analyse des relations entre la Grande Faille de Sumatra (Indonésie) et les structures compressives de l'arrière-arc". Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112302.
Leclère-Vanhoeve, Annette. "Interprétation des données SEASAT dans l'Atlantique sud : Implications sur l'évolution du domaine carai͏̈be". Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES2032.
Franek, Jan Schulmann Karel Lexa Ondrej. "From microstructures to large-scale crustal deformations in collisional orogen multidisciplinary approach /". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/971/01/Franek_Jan_2007.pdf.
Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 61- 69.
Duquesnoy, Thierry. "Contribution de la géodésie à l'étude de grands décrochements actifs associés à des zones de subduction à convergence oblique : exemples de la grande faille de Sumatra et de la faille Philippine". Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112177.
Franco, Aurore. "Cinématique actuelle du Nord de l’Amérique Centrale : zone de jonction triple Nord Amérique-Cocos-Caraïbe". Paris 11, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431870.
Northern Central America is located in a complex zone of interaction between three major tectonic plates : the North American (NA), the Caribbean (CA) ant the Cocos (CO) plates. While the CO plate is subducting under the NA and CA plates along the Mid- American trench, the on land relative motion between the NA and CA plates is mainly accommodated by the east-west trending left-lateral Polochic-Motagua fault system. We installed in 2005, during 6 months, a 30 stations seismological network in order to analyse the present seismic activity of the Polochic-Motagua fault system and to constrain the lithosphere characteristic at depth in this area. We show that the seismic activity is concentrated at depth less than 15 km. The level of seismicity of the Polochic and the Motagua faults is comparable while no earthquakes were registered from the jocotan fault. We also observe activity in a north-South trending graben south of the Motagua and probably activity on the folds north of the Polochic fault. Using the receiver function method we localise the mohorovic discontinuity at about 35 km. Our data suggest that the cristal thickness is smaller between the Polochic-Motagua faults than north or south. We use GPS data to characterize the deformation in the CO-CA-NA triple junction area in terms of interactions and relative contributions of the different structures (Polochic and Motagaua faults, a series of north south grabens south of them and the Mid-American volcanic Arc, MAVA), and coupling at the subduction interface. We analyse GPS- campaign data from different networks in Guatemala (24 sites measured in 1999-2003-2006), Salvador (3 sites measured in 2003 and 2006) and Chiapas, southern Mexico (8 sites measured each year from 2002 to 2004. Data are processed and combined using the GAMIT/GLOBK software. The obtained velocity field is first fitted using-simple elastic models. The Motagua fault seems to accommodate most of the present left-latéral motion between CA and NA, with less than 15 % taken by the Polochic fault despite its comparable surface morphology, historical seismicity and microseismic activity. This may suggest complex mechanical interactions between the Motagua and Polochic faults at the scale of several seismic cycles. A single fault model, centered on the Motagua fault, locked at a depth of 15 km, indicates a slip rate decrease from eastern (20 mm/yr) to central Guatemala (15 mm/yr) towards the CA-CO-NA triple junction (0mm/yr ? ). This decrease seems to be consistent with east-west extension rates estimated across the Ipala and Guatemala city grabens south of the Motagua fault. We also observe a right-lateral movement across the MAVA : 15 m/yr in Guatemala. This movemet is consistent with that observed along the Nicaraguan and costa-rican volcanic arcs. To take into account the rotation of blocks and the elastic deformation localized on faults at their boundaries in this area, we finally use the 3D-elastic inverse model DEFNODE (McCaffrey 2002) to fit the GPS- derived deformation field. Our 4 blocks ( Co, CA, NA and a microplate in between the MAVA and the CO subduction interface) suggests a coupling decrease at the subduction interface form Chiapas to Guatemala, although not fully resolved with the present data set
Giannerini, Gérard. "Propagation des phénomènes tectoniques et volcaniques liée aux zones de rifting : exemple de la plaque arabique". Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4188.
Andreieff, Patrick Bouysse Philippe Westercamp Denis. "Géologie de l'arc insulaire des petites Antilles et évolution géodynamique de l'Est-Caraïbe... /". Orléans : Éd. du BRGM [Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières], 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35152998s.
Chery, Jean. "Modélisation thermo-mécanique de la déformation lithosphérique intra-continentale /". Montpellier : Centre géologique et géophysique de l'Université des sciences et techniques du Languedoc, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35003523t.
Caliap, Lucian. "Étude de l’optimisation des isolants d’un point de vue diélectrique pour les contraintes du GIS". Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0068.
Ln gas insulated switchgears (GIS), high voltage electrodes are supported by solid insulators. The reduction of the size of the equipment for cost considerations, impacts directly on the insulator and a careful optimization becomes necessary. A triple junction (TJ) exists at the interface between metal, Insulating solid, and gas. Ln this sensitive area, partial discharges may appear, triggered by the presence of high voltage. Also, a further degradation of insulation performance can occur if solid particles are present in that zone. The accumulation of electric charge on the surface of the insulator can also reduce the system's dielectric strength when applying high voltage. These three points represent the starting point of this study that characterises the multitude of complex phenomena that occur in the presence of high voltage
Bouin, Marie-Noëlle. "Traitement de données GPS en Antarctique : mouvements crustaux, rebond post-glaciaire et systèmes de référence". Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1999. https://hal.science/tel-02071396.
The subject of this thesis is the processing of GPS data from the permanent stations in Antarctica, for the assessment of vertical and horizontal motions induced by glacial rebound. An accurate knowledge of the current deformations provides information about the validity of the late Pleistocene deglaciation models and the present-day Antarctic ice-sheet behavior. This could largely affect global sea level change. We have analysed 4 years of continuous IGS data from the stations in and around Antarctica. We have improved the processing method in order to take into account the specifities of GPS data analysis in Antarctica, and obtained station position time series, from which we derive significant horizontal and vertical velocities. The horizontal velocities show a very good agreement with a rigide plate motion, which is slightly different from the Nuvell predicted motion, but very coherent with the recent results obtained by Heflin (1999) for the Australian plate motion. The particular case of the Dumont station was good agreement with the recent results obtained investigated to estimate the influence of the March 1998 Balleny Islands earthquake, in relatively good agreement with the dislocation models. From the vertical trends, we detect a global uplift of the whole Antarctic continent, at about 1 cm/yr, consistent with the upper limit of the vicous model predictions. Based upon O’Higgins observations, we see that the Peninsula is affected by a higher rate of 2. 5 cm/yr, including a purely elastic part, which reflects the present-day increase of the melting rate over the West Antarctica, confirmed by the glaciological and geodetic observations. The seasonal variations detected for this station on the vertical component haven’t found their explanation yet
Franek, Jan. "From microstructures to large-scale crustal deformations in collisional orogen : Multidisciplinary approach". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/FRANEK_Jan_2007.pdf.
Besse, Jean. "Cinématique des plaques et dérive des pôles magnétiques : évolution de la Téthys, collisions continentales et couplage noyau-manteau". Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077218.
Ahmed, Daoud Mohamed. "Dynamique du rifting continental de 30 MA à l'actuel dans la partie Sud Est du Triangle Afar : tectonique et magmatisme du rift de Tadjoura et des domaines Danakil et d'Ali Sabieh, République de Djibouti". Brest, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00312800.
The results of our study supply new constraints about the recent kinematical history of the Tadjoura Gulf and the Ali Sabieh range in the eastern part of the Afar Triangle. The Tadjoura rift is interpreted as a typical half-graben, accommodating 25-30% of bulk extension, and showing a progressive focussing of strain along its axial part with times. The geometrical and statistical analysis of fault networks indicates a gradient of extensional strain that we ascribe to the lateral locking of faut tip propagation against the Arta submeridian inherited faut zone. That mechanical disturbance is assumed to have caused the transfer of extension from the Tadjoura rift into the Ghoubbet-Asal trough, via a rift jump process. From structural and geochemical-radiometrical studies of older (Miocene) synrift volcanics in the Ali Sabieh range, their regional-scale antiformal structure is assigned to the emplacement of a shallow-level mafic intrusion (laccolith-type) during Miocene times. By contrast, the edification of the Danakil range is related to more recent Tadjoura/Asal rift tectonics. From our results, new asumptions are teatatively proposed to a number of key-issues dealing with the overall kinematic development of the Afar rift system, such as : the sens of active rift axes propagation, the spatial distribution of initial trap volcanism (30 Ma), the evolution of the Danakil microblock, as well as the nature of the eastern margin with the Red Sea fault-basinal domain to the E
Ego, Frédéric. "Accommodation de la convergence oblique dans une chaîne de type cordilleraine : les Andes d'Equateur". Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112522.
Nocquet, Jean-Mathieu. "Mesure de la déformation crustale en Europe occidentale par géodésie spatiale". Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5738.
Current deformation in western Europe and the western Mediterranean is usually assumed to be a consequence of the convergence between the African and Eurasia plates. However, the diversity of strain patterns observed within the plate boundary zone, the existence of rigid microplates and of active intraplate structures significantly complicate this apparently simple kinematic pattern. The accuracy of space geodetic techniques has reached a level where horizontal velocities of the order of a few millimeters per year within hundreds to thousands kilometers can now be detected. In order to achieve such an accuracy, combination methods were used and adapted, enabling to derive simultaneously a unique consistent solution from 3 permanent GPS networks (European (EUREF), national (RGP) and REGAL (western Alps) GPS permanent networks). The resulting velocity field describes horizontal crustal motion at 64 sites in western Europe with an accuracy better than 1 mm/yr. A statistical analysis shows that Central Europe behaves rigidly at a 0. 4 mm/yr level and can therefore be used to define a stable Europe reference frame. In that reference frame, no significant motion is found at sites located west of the Rhine Graben on the Iberian peninsula, on the Corsica-Sardinia block. Residual velocities for sites that possibly belong to the African plate suggest that the Africa/Eurasia plate motion may actually be significantly different from the NUVEL1A prediction. The geodetic data confirm the counter-clockwise rotation of the Adriatic microplate that appears to control the strain pattern along its boundaries in the Friuli area, the Alps, and the Apennines and the Dinarides. In the western Alps, the current strain pattern combines E-W extension and right-lateral shear. Numerical simulations indicate that in the context of low shortening, body forces contribution due to western Alps topography are strong enough to generate extension in the inner part of the range
Lebrun, Jean-Frédéric. "De la faille alpine au système de macquarie : dévelopement de la subduction de Puységur au sud-ouest de la Nouvelle-Zélande". Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066423.
Poulpiquet, Jacques de. "Étude géophysique d'un marqueur magnétique situé sur la marge continentale sud-armoricaine : arguments en faveur d'un modèle de suture de plaque /". Rennes : Centre armoricain d'étude structurale des socles, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34903092p.
Brunet, David. "Convection dans le manteau terrestre : comment les changements de phase et la viscosite variable peuvent interagir avec la tectonique". Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30212.
Rouby, Delphine. "Restauration numérique des domaines failles en extension : Méthode et applications". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10132.
Leduc, Thomas. "Modélisations par réseaux d'automates cellulaires et simulations parallèles du phénomène de subduction-érosion en tectonique des plaques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327733.
tectonique des plaques, puis présentons les simulations informatiques parallèles correspondantes.
Après une présentation de la tectonique des plaques et des marges convergentes de type II (avec érosion), nous présentons les deux tendances de modélisation existantes, étudions leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs et montrons l'intérêt de développer une démarche radicalement différente. Nous exposons alors nos hypothèses de travail relativement restrictives et leurs limites, en commençant d'abord par présenter la géométrie d'ensemble du "plan de coupe de modélisation" et sa dynamique, puis en énumérant les phénomènes à reproduire, enfin, en introduisant des échelles de temps et la représentation de l'érosion par une altération (un changement de matière) due au vieillissement.
En ce qui concerne les modélisations plus précisément, nous nous inspirons très fortement du "Sand Pile Model" uni-dimensionnel pour développer notre propre modèle uni-dimensionnel et introduire la notion de réseau d'automates cellulaires fini généralisé. Dans le cas du modèle bi-dimensionnel, partant du même principe, nous cherchons à implémenter un modèle d'avalanches dans un tas de sable représenté par un réseau d'automates cellulaires bi-dimensionnel. Constatant que la multiplication des informations stockées dans la structure même du réseau offre un meilleur rendu-visuel, nous choisissons alors de généraliser cette méthode et abordons la description de notre propre réseau d'automates cellulaires.
Les temps de calcul respectifs de chacune des simulations séquentielles ainsi que le fait que les réseaux d'automates cellulaires constituent un modèle canonique du calcul parallèle à fine granularité, nous incitent à développer des simulations parallèles et à les porter sur des ordinateurs parallèles tels que le CRAY T3E et l'ORIGIN 2000. Après avoir exposé la stratégie de décomposition de domaine que nous avons employée (avec équi-répartition de la charge des sous-domaines sur l'ensemble des processeurs et minimisation de la taille des problèmes aux interfaces), nous montrons l'intérêt d'utiliser une bibliothèque d'échanges de messages appropriée dans le cadre d'une décomposition de domaine régulière sur une architecture parallèle à mémoire distribuée.
Les résultats obtenus sont révélateurs (pour la simulation bi-dimensionnelle du moins) de la très bonne parallélisabilité du problème posé. Ils nous permettent de présenter quelques copies d'écran des animations graphiques
obtenues et leur validation d'un point de vue géotectonique. Des développements futurs pourraient être orientés vers la mise au point d'une plate-forme logicielle parallèle adaptée, puis vers une étude de qualification de la concentration des déformations au sein de la plaque chevauchante.
Leduc, Thomas. "Modelisations par reseaux d'automates cellulaires et simulations paralleles du phenomene de subduction-erosion en tectonique des plaques". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066288.
Blais, Angélina. "Changements de mouvement relatif des plaques : conséquences sur l'accrétion océanique". Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES2009.
Changes in relative plate motion implying large reorganisations in the spreading ridge system are observed in all the world oceans. In order to determinate the parameters which act on the mechanism of spreading reorganisation, we studied two areas marked by a major change in the spreading direction. The first one is located in the Pacific ocean (Foundation Hotline cruise, 1997), the second one in the Indian ocean (Magofond2 cruise, 1998). Data recorded in the Magofond2 area permit us to study the consequences of a drastic decrease of the spreading rate (12-14 cm/an to -3 cm/an). Our approach uses bathymetric, kinematic and gravity studies and experimental models (wax models). The reorganisation of an oceanic ridge system can imply birth or death of transform faults and variation of their offset. Our works show that the major parameters which determine the evolution of a transform fault during a change in the spreading direction is the length of its offset. Several mechanisms have been proposed for spreading centres reorientation : propagation, rotation, axis jump or microplate. In the Magofond2 area, propagation, rotation and axis jump are prescrit at the saure time. In the Selkirk area (Pacifie), spreading axis reorganisation is synchronous with the birth of the Selkirk microplate. The end of this microplate seams due to a locking of the system. The decrease of the spreading rate observed in the Magofond2 area imply an important change in the Mid-Ocean processes which are successively comparable to those observed on a fast and a slow ridge. This change take place in less than 4 Myr