Articoli di riviste: "Technologie hurdle"

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Falconer, James R., Darren Svirskis, Ali A. Adil e Zimei Wu. "Supercritical Fluid Technologies to Fabricate Proliposomes". Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, n. 5 (15 novembre 2015): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3qp58.

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Proliposomes are stable drug carrier systems designed to form liposomes upon addition of an aqueous phase. In this review, current trends in the use of supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies to prepare proliposomes are discussed. SCF methods are used in pharmaceutical research and industry to address limitations associated with conventional methods of pro/liposome fabrication. The SCF solvent methods of proliposome preparation are eco-friendly (known as green technology) and, along with the SCF anti-solvent methods, could be advantageous over conventional methods; enabling better design of particle morphology (size and shape). The major hurdles of SCF methods include poor scalability to industrial manufacturing which may result in variable particle characteristics. In the case of SCF anti-solvent methods, another hurdle is the reliance on organic solvents. However, the amount of solvent required is typically less than that used by the conventional methods. Another hurdle is that most of the SCF methods used have complicated manufacturing processes, although once the setup has been completed, SCF technologies offer a single-step process in the preparation of proliposomes compared to the multiple steps required by many other methods. Furthermore, there is limited research into how proliposomes will be converted into liposomes for the end-user, and how such a product can be prepared reproducibly in terms of vesicle size and drug loading. These hurdles must be overcome and with more research, SCF methods, especially where the SCF acts as a solvent, have the potential to offer a strong alternative to the conventional methods to prepare proliposomes. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Putnik, Predrag, Branimir Pavlić, Branislav Šojić, Sandra Zavadlav, Irena Žuntar, Leona Kao, Dora Kitonić e Danijela Bursać Kovačević. "Innovative Hurdle Technologies for the Preservation of Functional Fruit Juices". Foods 9, n. 6 (1 giugno 2020): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060699.

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Functional nutrition, which includes the consumption of fruit juices, has become the field of interest for those seeking a healthy lifestyle. Functional nutrition is also of great interest to the food industry, with the aims of improving human health and providing economic prosperity in a sustainable manner. The functional food sector is the most profitable part of the food industry, with a fast-growing market resulting from new sociodemographic trends (e.g., longer life expectancy, higher standard of living, better health care), which often includes sustainable concepts of food production. Therefore, the demand for hurdle technology in the food industry is growing, along with the consumption of minimally processed foods, not only because this approach inactivates microorganisms in food, but because it can also prolong the shelf life of food products. To preserve food products such as fruit juices, the hurdle technology approach often uses non-thermal methods as alternatives to pasteurization, which can cause a decrease in the nutritional value and quality of the food. Non-thermal technologies are often combined with different hurdles, such as antimicrobial additives, thermal treatment, and ultraviolet or pulsed light, to achieve synergistic effects and overall quality improvements in (functional) juices. Hence, hurdle technology could be a promising approach for the preservation of fruit juices due to its efficiency and low impact on juice quality and characteristics, although all processing parameters still require optimization.

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Ankita, Ankita, Singh Rongen e Nayansi Nayansi. "Effect of Hurdle Technology on the Quality and Stability of Minimally Processed Papaya". International Journal of Scientific Research 3, n. 8 (1 giugno 2012): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/august2014/50.

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Wilson, M., H. Anderson, J. Fellows e C. Lewinsohn. "Ceramic-Based Planar Heat Pipe (Plate) for Passive Electronics Cooling". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (1 settembre 2011): 000159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-wa12.

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Heat dissipation has become a major hurdle for the electronics industry, especially as higher performance integrated circuits are being developed for the power industry. Two of the primary hurdles in dissipating this heat are:The thermal contact resistance between the IC and the cooling device.The ability to effectively spread the heat, such that traditional cooling technologies can be effective.By selecting ceramic materials that are thermo-mechanically matched (CTE) to IC materials, the proposed heat plate can be directly bonded by typical solder or braze techniques to the back-side of the IC. This eliminates thermal resistances due to contact and thermal interface materials. Within these heat plates, a three dimensional network of gas channels and fluid wicks spread the high-flux heat loads from localized hot spots to the surrounding regions via phase change fluids and mass transport. Like traditional heat pipes, these heat plates operate at nearly uniform temperature due to the phase change. The internal networks provide for multidimensional heat and mass flow, increasing their dissipating capability. By using matched ceramic materials, and the inclusion of a heat plate, these primary hurdles for heat dissipation can be mitigated. The performance of prototypical planar heat plates will be presented.

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Amin, Afzaal, Shaukat e Muhammad Hayat Khan. "Issues in the Implementation of E-Governance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)". Global Regional Review IV, n. II (30 giugno 2019): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-ii).52.

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The provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has taken a number of steps in order to develop and establish the concept of E-governance in different departments of the province. There are, however, certain hurdles, such as missing the rudimentary ICT (information and communication technology) substructure and setups. To properly utilize the ICT for the sack of E-governance, it is important to know the use of the different types of technologies. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, IT literacy and knowledge are extremely poor, while financial constraints is another hurdle. However, the newly introduced reforms in E-governance have put various departments on the right track, as obvious from the Identity Verification system, the vehicle verification system and the online FIR system. This paper will help identify all the majors issues that affect the efficiency and credibility of E-governance.

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Brill, Joel V. "Bringing New Technologies to Market: Hurdles and Solutions". Gastroenterology 139, n. 1 (luglio 2010): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.003.

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Manthey, Sarah, Christin Eckerle e Orestis Terzidis. "Tackling the Critical Hurdles: Revising Technology-Based Ideation Processes". European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship 17, n. 1 (7 settembre 2022): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.397.

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Technological innovations are crucial for a country’s economic growth as they often have radical innovation potential. Although recognized as a key role in the innovation process, lots of technologies remain unexploited. University spin-offs (USOs) have the potential to transfer technologies into technological innovations. Often though, in universities there is a lack of consideration of potential implementation right from the start. The so-called fuzzyfront end (FFE) stage is crucial for successful innovation, as no commercialization can be achieved without the identification of a suitable application. This represents a critical hurdle, as of to date appropriate approaches for a successful systematic identification and validation of technology applications are missing. Furthermore, most investigating studies rely on data from spin-offs that are already operating successfully on the market and have therefore survived the critical initial stages of development, without highlighting the FFE of their process. This fact makes the pre-development activity of opportunity recognition appear to be a scientifically neglected topic. In this research a mixed-method approach is conducted to investigate the critical hurdles in the technology application selection (TAS) process of technologies, consisting of an extended literature review, completed by interviews with stakeholder involved in the USOs ecosystem. Striving to uncover the black box of the FFE, the study aims to specify and operationalize requirements for application identification of technologies. These findings are of relevance for researchers and practitioners which like to facilitate the exploration of potential technological innovation.

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Kazi, Ms Tabassum, e Mr Omprakash Mandge. "AI and Its Dual Impacts on Society". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, n. 6 (30 giugno 2024): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63202.

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Abstract: His paper delves into the examination of the aware- ness, beneficial outcomes, and hurdles associated with contemporary AI technologies. This paper delves into the examination of the awareness, beneficial outcomes, and hurdles associated with contemporary AI technologies.

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Skovgaard, Niels. "Hurdle Technologies. Combination Treatments for Food Stability, Safety and Quality. Food Engineering Series". International Journal of Food Microbiology 91, n. 2 (marzo 2004): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00370-2.

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Casey, Anthony, e Anthony Niblett. "Micro-Directives and Computational Merger Review". Stanford Journal of Computational Antitrust, n. 1 (29 novembre 2021): 132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51868/8.

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AI technologies can improve upon the current system of merger notification and review. Predictive technologies—such as supervised machine learning—combined with unprecedented growth in data will provide antitrust agencies with the opportunity to better refine the law and the review process. Such technologies will build upon how antitrust agencies already model and predict the likely consequences of mergers. Here, we explore how such predictions can reduce both the over-inclusiveness and under-inclusiveness inherent in the current system of merger notification and review. We explore the possibility of a more automated system of merger review. We argue that the greatest hurdle to the adoption of such a system is not feasibility, technological limitations, or the availability of data. Rather, the greatest hurdle is the difficulty in pinning down a precise and translatable ex ante objective that such an algorithm would optimize.

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Conger, Sue, Kirstin E. M. Krauss e Clement Simuja. "New Pedagogical Approaches with Technologies". International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 13, n. 4 (ottobre 2017): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2017100105.

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This case study analyzes the availability and uses of teaching techniques and computing technologies in Grades 10, 11, and 12 Computer Applications Technology classes in a remote town in South Africa. The technologies and techniques trialed show promise of usefulness in being more engaging to student interest than the prior method. Human factors issues focus on ease of use and intuitiveness of technologies for both teachers and students. With 50-minute classes, if the technology becomes a hurdle rather than a vehicle for teaching a class concept, it defeats its own purpose. Thus, to be successful, technologies need to be selected carefully, matched to pedagogical goals, calibrated for student skills, installed, tested, and ready for use. Students need support, encouragement, and, occasionally, prodding to use new technology. Thus, ICTs in the classroom require a technologically and pedagogically knowledgeable teacher.

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Goyeneche, Rosario, Sara Roura e Karina Di Scala. "Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis to select hurdle technologies for minimal processed radishes". LWT - Food Science and Technology 57, n. 2 (luglio 2014): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2014.02.022.

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Bebek Markovinović, Anica, Višnja Stulić, Predrag Putnik, Anamaria Birkić, Maja Jambrović, Dolores Šaško, Josipa Ljubičić, Branimir Pavlić, Zoran Herceg e Danijela Bursać Kovačević. "Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) and High-Power Ultrasound (HPU) in the Hurdle Concept for the Preservation of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds of Strawberry Juice—A Chemometric Evaluation—Part I". Foods 12, n. 17 (23 agosto 2023): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12173172.

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This work investigated the influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) and high-power ultrasound (HPU) combined with hurdle technology to preserve the bioactive compounds (BACs) content and antioxidant activity in stored strawberry juices. PEF was performed at 30 kV cm−1, 100 Hz during 1.5, 3, and 4.5 min, while HPU was performed at 25% amplitude and 50% pulse during 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 min. Total phenols and hydroxycinnamic acids were the most stable BACs during the hurdle treatment without influence of the duration of both treatments, while flavonols and condensed tannins showed a significant stability dependence with respect to the duration of both treatments. Total phenols were also stable during storage, in contrast to the individual groups of BACs studied. A chemometric approach was used to optimize the parameters of the hurdle treatments with respect to the highest level of BACs and the antioxidant activity of the treated juices. In general, shorter treatment times in the hurdle approach resulted in better stability of BACs and antioxidant activity. The hurdle technology investigated in this study has the strong potential to be an excellent concept for optimizing the operating parameters of PEF and HPU technologies in the preservation of functional foods.

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Werner, Brenda G., John L. Koontz e Julie M. Goddard. "Hurdles to commercial translation of next generation active food packaging technologies". Current Opinion in Food Science 16 (agosto 2017): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2017.07.007.

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Hertenstein, Julie H. "Component Technologies, Inc.: Adding FlexConnex Capacity". Issues in Accounting Education 15, n. 2 (1 maggio 2000): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2000.15.2.257.

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Component Technologies, Inc. (CTI) manufactures components used in electronic devices. CTI is considering adding manufacturing capacity for FlexConnex to meet increased future demand. CTI's manufacturing planning staff identifies three options to meet this demand. The staff performs preliminary financial analyses to evaluate whether to conduct detailed planning for and evaluation of each of the three options. During their analysis, they consider which discount rate is more appropriate: the 20 percent rate, which the corporate finance manual states is the hurdle rate for capital investments, or 10 percent, which the staff believes is closer to the corporate cost of capital. They experiment with both discount rates, and two time horizons. This case requires you to calculate net present values (NPVs) and to analyze the effect of different discount rates and time horizons. It also asks you to consider the effect of other financial and nonfinancial issues on your analysis.

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Coyne, Joshua G., Emily M. Coyne e Kenton B. Walker. "A Model to Update Accounting Curricula for Emerging Technologies". Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 13, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2016): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-51396.

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ABSTRACT The prevailing model for accounting information systems (AIS) courses is decades old and needs to be modernized for cutting-edge technologies and demands for information services. New graduates in accounting require new perspectives and training to enter what is becoming an important subdiscipline in accounting that prepares accountants to serve effectively as data analysts, IT auditors, and participants in systems development. One hurdle preventing the adoption of these roles is a disconnect between AIS education and AIS practice. This article identifies relevant professional competencies and proposes some corresponding actions by the academy to combine accounting, management information systems, and computer technology. JEL Classifications: M4; L8.

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Kim, Geun-Hyang, Chae-Lim Lee e Ki-Sun Yoon. "Combined Hurdle Technologies Using UVC Waterproof LED for Inactivating Foodborne Pathogens on Fresh-Cut Fruits". Foods 10, n. 8 (23 luglio 2021): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081712.

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This study investigated the combined bactericidal efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW), fumaric acid (FA), and ultravioletC waterproof light-emitting diodes (UVC W-LED) for the control of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in fresh-cut fruits. Cherry tomato, grape, apple, and pineapple were inoculated with S. aureus and L. monocytogenes and then washed with 30 ppm SAEW containing 0.5% FA in a container equipped with two UVC W-LEDs. Behaviors of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes and quality properties of fresh-cut fruits were monitored after storage at 10 °C and 15 °C for 7 days. The most effective reductions of S. aureus (1.65 log CFU/g) and L. monocytogenes (2.63 log CFU/g) were observed in the group with the combined treatment of SAEW + FA and UVC W-LED. At 10 °C and 15 °C, populations of both pathogens in the combined treatment group were lower than those in a control. Combined treatment showed no negative effect on moisture retention in the fruit. Moreover, visual changes were less significant than in the control. These results demonstrate that the combined treatment can improve the microbial safety and the quality of fruits. If it is properly used in the sanitizing step of the fresh produce industry, a positive effect can be expected.

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Mallinguh, Edmund, Christopher Wasike, Yuriy Bilan e Zeman Zoltan. "The impact of firm characteristics, business competitiveness, and technology upgrade hurdles on R&D costs". Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, n. 4 (29 novembre 2022): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(4).2022.20.

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The study explores factors influencing research and development (R&amp;D) costs in developing economies. The findings may inform the decision-making process for firms keen on innovation-related expenditures. The paper examines 164 Kenyan firms using the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) data for 2018. These factors are classified into three broad categories. These are firm characteristics (age, size, and ownership), business competitiveness (export orientation, innovation strategies, and informal competition), and technology upgrade challenges (skills availability, financial constraint, and technology incompatibility). The findings reveal that approximately 11% of firms incurring R&amp;D costs export their products (services). Exportation, skilled labor availability, and degree of informal competition correlate positively and significantly to R&amp;D expenditure. The largest ownership (%) has a marginal effect on the outcome variable. Moreover, firm size substantially influences R&amp;D costs, with small to medium firms incurring lower costs than their larger counterparts. However, firm age, innovation strategy, financial constraint, and technology incompatibility weakly influence the outcome variable. The product innovation strategy’s interaction effect with skills, firm age and informal competition substantially impacts R&amp;D costs. Notably, firms’ R&amp;D spending must be in tandem with the domestic informal competition intensity, skills availability, and foreign market targeted. The study employs the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression in examining the relationship between the predictors and the dependent variable.

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Vukovic Đerfi, Kristina, Tea Vasiljevic e Tanja Matijevic Glavan. "Recent Advances in the Targeting of Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cells". Applied Sciences 13, n. 24 (15 dicembre 2023): 13293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132413293.

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very heterogeneous cancer with a poor overall response to therapy. One of the reasons for this therapy resistance could be cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population of cancer cells with self-renewal and tumor-initiating abilities. Tumor cell heterogeneity represents hurdles for therapeutic elimination of CSCs. Different signaling pathway activations, such as Wnt, Notch, and Sonic-Hedgehog (SHh) pathways, lead to the expression of several cancer stem factors that enable the maintenance of CSC features. Identification and isolation of CSCs are based either on markers (CD133, CD44, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)), side populations, or their sphere-forming ability. A key challenge in cancer therapy targeting CSCs is overcoming chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. However, in novel therapies, various approaches are being employed to address this hurdle such as targeting cell surface markers, other stem cell markers, and different signaling or metabolic pathways, but also, introducing checkpoint inhibitors and natural compounds into the therapy can be beneficial.

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Goh, Kuan Eng Johnson, Leonid A. Krivitsky e Dennis L. Polla. "Quantum Technologies for Engineering: the materials challenge". Materials for Quantum Technology 2, n. 1 (1 marzo 2022): 013002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ac55fb.

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Abstract The materials challenge is often a major hurdle for translating good ideas in science into technologies. This is no different in the arena of quantum technologies which has seen a resurgence of interest in the last decade. This perspective provides a unique insight into the recent collaborative works by research groups in Singapore to surmount key quantum materials and processing bottlenecks that have impeded quantum technologies in the areas of sensing, computing, and communications. We highlight recent important materials related breakthroughs that have made possible novel advancements such as integrated ion traps, light frequency conversion, highly efficient cryogenic contacts to atomically thin quantum devices, and gate defined quantum dots, to name just a few. We also discuss the potential applications and conclude with our perspective on the remaining challenges to be addressed and the prospects enabled by these materials advances for future collaborations and co-developments to advance quantum technologies.

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Adeyemo, R., e A. D. Kehinde. "Membership in association, gender and adoption of land-enhancing technologies among arable farmers in Ogun state, Nigeria". Agricultural Science and Technology 12, n. 2 (giugno 2020): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.02.031.

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Abstract. This study investigated the effect of membership in farmers’ association on adoption rate of land-enhancing technologies in Ogun State, Nigeria by gender. Specifically, it describes the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers by gender, identifies land-enhancing technologies adopted by farmers in the study area, determines the adoption rates of the technologies by gender, and determines the membership in farmers’ association on the adoption and intensity of use of land-enhancing technologies by gender. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Cragg’s (double-hurdle) model. The results of the descriptive statistics, which are expressed by gender, reveal that the sampled population were majorly comprised of males (58%), than females (42%). The level of association membership was 54% for females and 35.29% for males, and only 33.82% of the respondents had contact with extension agents. The results also show that 17.65% of males and 10% of females did not adopt any technology. The results from the Cragg’s double hurdle model show that extension contact significantly influenced the adoption of most of the technologies. It had a positive relationship with the adoption of all the technologies across both genders, except for organic manure whose adoption was negatively influenced. It is therefore recommended that relevant governments and stakeholders improve extension services, as well as consider farming associations as means of getting across to female famers in order to improve their adoption levels and productivity.

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Bebek Markovinović, Anica, Višnja Stulić, Predrag Putnik, Nikša Bekavac, Branimir Pavlić, Sanja Milošević, Branko Velebit, Zoran Herceg e Danijela Bursać Kovačević. "High-Power Ultrasound (HPU) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) in the Hurdle Concept for the Preservation of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds in Strawberry Juice—A Chemometric Evaluation—Part II". Foods 13, n. 4 (9 febbraio 2024): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13040537.

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In this work, the influence of high-power ultrasound (HPU) followed by pulsed electric field (PEF) in the hurdle concept (HPU + PEF) on the content of biologically active compounds (BACs) and antioxidant activity in strawberry juices stored at 4 °C/7 days was investigated. The HPU was performed with an amplitude of 25% and pulse of 50% during 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 min, while the PEF was performed with an electric field strength of 30 kV cm−1 and frequency of 100 Hz during 1.5, 3 and 4.5 min. The results obtained indicate that the synergy of the mechanisms of action for technologies in the hurdle concept plays a critical role in the stability of BACs and antioxidant activity. Juices treated with HPU + PEF hurdle technology and kept at 4 °C for 7 days showed a statistically significant decrease in all BACs, antioxidant capacity and pH. Shorter HPU + PEF treatment times favored the preservation of BACs in juices. Regarding total phenolic compounds, flavonols, condensed tannins and antioxidant capacity, optimization of hurdle parameters showed that a shorter HPU treatment time of 2.5 min provided the best yield of these compounds. In summary, by optimizing and adjusting the parameters of the HPU/PEF technology, it is possible to produce functional strawberry juice.

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FOKA, NGOHTEH RELINDIS MALAH Espouse. "Hurdles of Technology Transfer in Cameroon’s Petroleum Industry." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, n. I (2024): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.90101.

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Technology (know-how) is a vital tool for the advancement and sustenance of any country especially in its petroleum sector as huge capital and technology is required to carry out crude oil extraction. In almost all African countries possessing petroleum, extraction is by multinational oil companies owned by developed countries. This is due to the fact that they possess the required technology. As such, many of these African states have included local content requirements in their petroleum legislations and one of such policies is technology transfers to enable them learn to extract their own resources. But over the years, these African states have still been unable to extract their own resources because of the lack of or obsolete technology acquired. Consequently, they still turn to multinational oil companies who are protected by international standards restricting performance requirements. Thus the desire of Cameroon and many other Africa states to tap from foreign technology has to an extent been a failure. Technologies are grouped into tangible technology such as tools, parts and finished goods, and intangible technology including patents, know-how and trade secrets. The transfer of these technologies can be achieved bilaterally, multilaterally, through commercial or non- commercial means by the use of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or licensing. Even though oil companies are not ready to part with their intellectual property (technology), Cameroon and many African states have hurdles preventing the assimilation, absorption and adaptation of their technology.

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Toghuj, Wael, e Nidal Turab. "Automotive Ethernet architecture and security: challenges and technologies". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2023): 5209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i5.pp5209-5221.

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<span lang="EN-US">Vehicle infrastructure must address the challenges posed by today's advances toward connected and autonomous vehicles. To allow for more flexible architectures, high-bandwidth connections and scalability are needed to connect many sensors and electronic control units (ECUs). At the same time, deterministic and low latency is a critical and significant design requirement to support urgent real-time applications in autonomous vehicles. As a recent solution, the time-sensitive network (TSN) was introduced as Ethernet-based amendments in IEEE 802.1 TSN standards to meet those needs. However, it had hurdle to be overcome before it can be used effectively. This paper discusses the latest studies concerning the automotive Ethernet requirements, including transmission delay studies to improve worst-case end-to-end delay and end-to-end jitter. Also, the paper focuses on the securing Ethernet-based in-vehicle networks (IVNs) by reviewing new encryption and authentication methods and approaches.</span>

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Kricka, Larry J. "Point-of-Care Technologies for the Future. Technological Innovations and Hurdles to Implementation". Point of Care: The Journal of Near-Patient Testing & Technology 7, n. 3 (settembre 2008): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.poc.0000335863.82959.67.

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Tiznado-Hernández, Martín Ernesto, Alfonso Antero Gardea-Bejar, Alberto Sánchez-Estrada, Jesús Antonio Orozco-Avitia, Angel Javier Ojeda-Contreras, Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas e Rodrigo Melendrez-Amavizca. "“Hurdley technologies” utilized to improve postharvest life of asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L.)". Advances in Horticultural Science 38, n. 1 (4 aprile 2024): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-14786.

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Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) has short shelf-life due to the high metabolic activity of the apical meristems. Storage at low temperature and high relative humidity is used commercially to keep fresh asparagus spears. Techniques denominated “Hurdley technologies” (UV-C or gamma irradiation) have been tested in fruits and vegetables to extend postharvest life. These technologies were used to extend postharvest shelf life of asparagus spears by inhibition of meristematic activity. Spears were irradiated with UV-C at dosages of 2.46, and 4.93 kJ m-2 and gamma irradiation at 1 and 1.5 kGy, before storage at 2°C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 20 days. Metabolic heat (Rq) was measured in apical meristems, as well as whole spear respiration, sugars content, water potential components and color descriptors. Metabolic heat and whole spears respiration rate did not show differences due to effect of UV-C treatments, while spears treated with gamma radiation showed a metabolic activity inhibition of 10 and 15% for 1 and 1.5 kGy, respectively, while whole spear respiration rate was not affected. Changes in color variables showed a slight reduction in gloss. Sugars content in UV-C remained unchanged, while gamma radiation induced a reduction in glucose. An increase in fresh weight loss was noticeable on those treated with gamma irradiation. No changes in water potential components were observed. It was concluded the treatments used did not reported positive benefits in extending asparagus spears shelf life.

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Reineke, Kai, e Alexander Mathys. "Endospore Inactivation by Emerging Technologies: A Review of Target Structures and Inactivation Mechanisms". Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 11, n. 1 (25 marzo 2020): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051632.

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Recent developments in preservation technologies allow for the delivery of food with nutritional value and superior taste. Of special interest are low-acid, shelf-stable foods in which the complete control or inactivation of bacterial endospores is the crucial step to ensure consumer safety. Relevant preservation methods can be classified into physicochemical or physical hurdles, and the latter can be subclassified into thermal and nonthermal processes. The underlying inactivation mechanisms for each of these physicochemical or physical processes impact different morphological or molecular structures essential for spore germination and integrity in the dormant state. This review provides an overview of distinct endospore defense mechanisms that affect emerging physical hurdles as well as which technologies address these mechanisms. The physical spore-inactivation technologies considered include thermal, dynamic, and isostatic high pressure and electromagnetic technologies, such as pulsed electric fields, UV light, cold atmospheric pressure plasma, and high- or low-energy electron beam.

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Hadi, Joshua, Shuyan Wu e Gale Brightwell. "Antimicrobial Blue Light versus Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanism, Application in the Food Industry, Hurdle Technologies and Potential Resistance". Foods 9, n. 12 (18 dicembre 2020): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121895.

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Blue light primarily exhibits antimicrobial activity through the activation of endogenous photosensitizers, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that attack components of bacterial cells. Current data show that blue light is innocuous on the skin, but may inflict photo-damage to the eyes. Laboratory measurements indicate that antimicrobial blue light has minimal effects on the sensorial and nutritional properties of foods, although future research using human panels is required to ascertain these findings. Food properties also affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light, with attenuation or enhancement of the bactericidal activity observed in the presence of absorptive materials (for example, proteins on meats) or photosensitizers (for example, riboflavin in milk), respectively. Blue light can also be coupled with other treatments, such as polyphenols, essential oils and organic acids. While complete resistance to blue light has not been reported, isolated evidence suggests that bacterial tolerance to blue light may occur over time, especially through gene mutations, although at a slower rate than antibiotic resistance. Future studies can aim at characterizing the amount and type of intracellular photosensitizers across bacterial species and at assessing the oxygen-independent mechanism of blue light—for example, the inactivation of spoilage bacteria in vacuum-packed meats.

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Withers, Daniel Pashang. "Brewing Green Beer". Texas A&M Law Review 8, n. 4 (7 gennaio 2021): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v8.arg.2.

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New beer brewing technologies provide brewers with options to produce beer in more eco-friendly, less resource-intensive ways; however, as brewers adopt these technologies, they may find themselves straddling between the regulatory schemes of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (“TTB”) and the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The two agencies have divided control over beers based on their ingredients, which places some beers under the TTB’s purview as “malted beverages” and others under the FDA’s purview. These distinctions have implications for the regulatory hurdles that brewers must overcome to market their products. Additional regulations that eco-friendly, green beers may face could provide higher hurdles than standard beers face, putting them at a competitive disadvantage. This Comment explores the relationships between beer brewing and the environment, new technologies that ease the environmental burden of beer brewing, and the regulatory boundaries affected by adopting these new technologies. By expanding its definition of “malted beverages,” the TTB can encourage the adoption of new eco-friendly technologies, avoid a regulatory quandary, and promote a healthy beer brewing industry.

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Withers, Daniel Pashang. "Brewing Green Beer". Texas A&M Law Review 8, n. 4 (7 gennaio 2021): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v8.arg.2.

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New beer brewing technologies provide brewers with options to produce beer in more eco-friendly, less resource-intensive ways; however, as brewers adopt these technologies, they may find themselves straddling between the regulatory schemes of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (“TTB”) and the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The two agencies have divided control over beers based on their ingredients, which places some beers under the TTB’s purview as “malted beverages” and others under the FDA’s purview. These distinctions have implications for the regulatory hurdles that brewers must overcome to market their products. Additional regulations that eco-friendly, green beers may face could provide higher hurdles than standard beers face, putting them at a competitive disadvantage. This Comment explores the relationships between beer brewing and the environment, new technologies that ease the environmental burden of beer brewing, and the regulatory boundaries affected by adopting these new technologies. By expanding its definition of “malted beverages,” the TTB can encourage the adoption of new eco-friendly technologies, avoid a regulatory quandary, and promote a healthy beer brewing industry.

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Lopez, Constanza Maria, Giuliano Dallolio, Paolo Bonilauri e Annalisa Rebecchi. "Strategies for Nitrite Replacement in Fermented Sausages and Effect of High Pressure Processing against Salmonella spp. and Listeria innocua". Foods 10, n. 11 (28 ottobre 2021): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112617.

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The development of nitrite-free meat products is a current industrial concern. Many efforts have been attempted to replace the nitrite effect in cured meats colour formation and pathogens control. Our previous work evidenced that lactic acid and a cold ripening were the best hurdle technologies for nitrite-free fermented sausages from metabolomics. In the first part of this work, we investigated the effect of lactic acid compared with both two alternative additives (glucono-D-lactone and a mix of sodium di-acetate/sodium lactate) and with low-nitrite sausages, all of them following either cold or traditional ripening. For this purpose, microbiological analysis, pH, water activity (aw), and a sensory study were performed. All nitrite-free sausages (cold or traditional ripened) showed quality and safety traits similar to low-nitrite traditionally ripened ones used as control. In addition, sensory study revealed that sausages with lactic acid were the most preferred cold ripened samples, supporting that this is an optimal strategy for the production of nitrite-free sausages. We selected this product for further studies. Indeed, in the second part, we evaluated the impact of ripening, and other hurdle technologies as High Pressure Processing (HPP) and under-vacuum storage against Listeria innocua and Salmonella spp. by a challenge test. Maximal declines were obtained for ripening along with HPP (i.e., 4.74 and 3.83 log CFU/g for L. innocua and Salmonella spp., respectively), suggesting that HPP might guarantee nitrite-free sausages safety. Although the quality of raw materials remains essential, these hurdle strategies largely contributed to nitrite-free sausages safety, offering a promising tool for the meat industry.

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Kumar, Prince. "Advances and Hurdles in Solar Energy in Rajasthan". International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, n. 05 (25 maggio 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01842.

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Renewable energy is a sustainable and clean source of energy derived from nature. These technologies have long been recognized as an important part of the solution to address energy security concerns and ensure economic growth in an environment friendly manner. Deregulation has changed the traditional mission and mandates of power utilities in complex ways, and had large impacts on environmental, social, and political conditions for any particular country like India. The renewable energy based power generating systems can play a major role towards the fulfilment of energy requirements of restructured electricity market. In this paper, efforts have been made to summarize the availability, current status, environmental effects, promotion policies and future potentials & strategies of renewable energy options in India. Keywords— renewable energy based power plants, renewable energy sources, renewable policy, renewable tariff.

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Masters, Jennifer. "Creative Teaching and Learning Strategies for Novice Users of Mobile Technologies". International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 5, n. 3 (luglio 2013): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmbl.2013070105.

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This paper addresses perspectives of creative teaching and learning strategies in the new learning context of mobile technology, particularly for novice learners. The discussion presented here is framed by two case studies and uses an ethnographical approach, informed by participant observation to consider the experiences of users of mobile devices who do not have prior experience with information and communication technologies. Although the lack of prior understanding of the novice user initially presented a hurdle for working with mobile technology tools, it was noted that an ‘innocence of perceiving and behaving’ (Maslow, 1971) could advantage these learners to work in new and creative ways that may not be considered by more experienced users. It was also identified that the creative learning could be facilitated by intentional support and both innovative teaching strategies and imaginative teaching scenarios are important components of this framework.

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Packer, Claire, Sue Simpson e Andrew Stevens. "International diffusion of new health technologies: A ten-country analysis of six health technologies". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, n. 4 (19 settembre 2006): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462306051336.

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine and explain the differential international diffusion of six health innovations.Methods: A retrospective diffusion study was undertaken of sildenafil, cyclooxygenase-II (COX II) inhibitors, beta interferon, verteporfin, deep brain stimulators, and drug-eluting coronary stents in ten countries—Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. We plotted diffusion curves of daily defined doses per quarter, vials or implants per million population, and examined the association between diffusion and five key variables.Results: Canada, Switzerland, and Sweden are generally high users of new technologies; Spain, Denmark, and particularly the United Kingdom are low users. Almost all countries experienced rapid adoption of sildenafil with diffusion to a similar level; there was variable adoption and diffusion of COX II inhibitors, verteporfin, and interferon beta; drug-eluting stents penetrated the market in a similar way in all but one country; and two countries had very different adoption patterns for deep brain stimulators. Above average health spending and the presence of health technology assessment (HTA) or other guidance reports are consistently associated with increased diffusion. Early warning activity and a national coverage decision being taken are more likely to be associated with a reduced diffusion.Conclusions: The significant differences in diffusion between different countries are not consistent with a neat evidence-based world. The tools available to policy makers to control diffusion (early warning systems, HTA, and a fourth hurdle) play some part in influencing diffusion but need close scrutiny of how successfully they operate.

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Krider, Robert E., e Sangman Han. "Promotion Thresholds: Price Change Insensitivity or Risk Hurdle?" Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration 21, n. 3 (8 aprile 2009): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2004.tb00340.x.

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Mordin, M., L. Gildea, S. Warttig, J. Costello, V. D'Souza, M. Kinderås, C. Ling e J. Marcano Belisario. "HTA74 HTA Processes for Medical Technologies across the World – Are All Hurdles the Same?" Value in Health 26, n. 6 (giugno 2023): S272—S273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.1503.

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Berdejo, Daniel, Diego García-Gonzalo, Nadia Oulahal, Rositsa Denkova-Kostova, Vesela Shopska, Georgi Kostov, Pascal Degraeve e Rafael Pagan. "Minimal Processing Technologies for Production and Preservation of Tailor-Made Foods". Food Technology and Biotechnology 61, n. 3 (ottobre 2023): 357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.61.03.23.8013.

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Tailor-made foods, also known as foods with programmable properties, are specialised systems with unique composition prepared by different methods, using the known mechanisms of action of their bioactive ingredients. The development of tailor-made foods involves the evaluation of individual components, including bioactive substances derived from waste products of other productions, such as essential oils. These components are evaluated both individually and in combination within food compositions to achieve specific functionalities. This review focuses on the application of minimal processing technologies for the production and preservation of tailor-made foods. It examines a range of approaches, including traditional and emerging technologies, as well as novel ingredients such as biomolecules from various sources and microorganisms. These approaches are combined according to the principles of hurdle technology to achieve effective synergistic effects that enhance food safety and extend the shelf life of tailor-made foods, while maintaining their functional properties.

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Noble, Rachel T., e Stephen B. Weisberg. "A review of technologies for rapid detection of bacteria in recreational waters". Journal of Water and Health 3, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2005): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.051.

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Monitoring of recreational beaches for fecal indicator bacteria is currently performed using culture-based technology that can require more than a day for laboratory analysis, during which time swimmers are at risk. Here we review new methods that have the potential to reduce the measurement period to less than an hour. These methods generally involve two steps. The first is target capture, in which the microbial group of interest (or some molecular/chemical/or biochemical signature of the group) is removed, tagged or amplified to differentiate it from the remaining material in the sample. We discuss three classes of capture methods: 1) Surface and whole-cell recognition methods, including immunoassay techniques and molecule-specific probes; 2) Nucleic acid methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) and microarrays; and 3) Enzyme/substrate methods utilizing chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates. The second step is detection, in which optical, electrochemical or piezoelectric technologies are used to quantify the captured, tagged or amplified material. The biggest technological hurdle for all of these methods is sensitivity, as EPA's recommended bathing water standard is less than one cell per ml and most detection technologies measure sample volumes less than 1 ml. This challenge is being overcome through addition of preconcentration or enrichment steps, which have the potential to boost sensitivity without the need to develop new detector technology. The second hurdle is demonstrating a relationship to health risk, since most new methods are based on measuring cell structure without assessing viability and may not relate to current water quality standards that were developed in epidemiology studies using culture-based methods. Enzyme/substrate methods may be the first rapid methods adopted because they are based on the same capture technology as currently-approved EPA methods and their relationship to health risk can be established by demonstrating equivalency to existing procedures. Demonstration of equivalency may also be possible for some surface and whole-cell recognition methods that capture bacteria in a potentially viable state. Nucleic acid technologies are the most versatile, but measure nonviable structure and will require inclusion in epidemiological studies to link their measurement with health risk.

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Cuperus, Josh T. "Single-cell genomics in plants: current state, future directions, and hurdles to overcome". Plant Physiology 188, n. 2 (18 ottobre 2021): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab478.

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Abstract Single-cell genomics has the potential to revolutionize the study of plant development and tissue-specific responses to environmental stimuli by revealing heretofore unknown players and gene regulatory processes. Here, I focus on the current state of single-cell genomics in plants, emerging technologies and applications, in addition to outlining possible future directions for experiments. I describe approaches to enable cheaper and larger experiments and technologies to measure multiple types of molecules to better model and understand cell types and their different states and trajectories throughout development. Lastly, I discuss the inherent limitations of single-cell studies and the technological hurdles that need to be overcome to widely apply single-cell genomics in crops to generate the greatest possible knowledge gain.

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Morrow, M. Earnest, e Dabae Lee. "Implementing Individualized Learning in a Legacy Learning Management System". International Journal of Designs for Learning 10, n. 1 (10 luglio 2019): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v10i1.22500.

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Educators are being encouraged to shift their instructional paradigm from teacher-centered to learner-centered through the use of technology. For online courses, legacy learning management products originally designed to sup-port and deliver teacher-centered instruction may represent a constraint to implementing the learner-centered paradigm. Yet, replacement of these systems presents a formidable hurdle to educators wishing to initiate learner-centered on-line courses. This hurdle could be lowered significantly by a transitional approach that allows learner-centered strategies to be delivered within the framework of existing learning management systems. This paper describes our efforts to prototype such a transitional approach for an online statistics course. Pedagogical and technological objectives were successfully achieved by combining the technologies of the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM), a legacy learning management system, and a stand-alone course authoring tool to deliver an example course demonstrating adaptive, competency-based student progress instruction that personalizes one’s learning path with topic-contingent assessment feedback.

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Blazenko, George W., e Andrey D. Pavlov. "Value maximizing hurdle rates for R&D investment". Economics of Innovation and New Technology 19, n. 8 (novembre 2010): 693–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10438590903003631.

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CHAPLOT, SHREYAK, BARUN YADAV, BYEONGHWA JEON e M. S. ROOPESH. "Atmospheric Cold Plasma and Peracetic Acid–Based Hurdle Intervention To Reduce Salmonella on Raw Poultry Meat". Journal of Food Protection 82, n. 5 (24 aprile 2019): 878–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-377.

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ABSTRACT In Canada, Salmonella-related foodborne illness accounts for more than 88,000 cases annually. Poultry products represent one of the major vectors for the zoonotic transmission of Salmonella. The majority of the current disinfection strategies that are applied in the poultry industry involve the use of diverse chemical antimicrobial agents; however, knowledge about the efficacy of novel antimicrobial technologies such as atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) and the potential of hurdle interventions is very limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergetic effect of ACP and peracetic acid (PAA) as a hurdle antimicrobial intervention to reduce Salmonella enterica Typhimurium on raw poultry meat. Raw poultry meat samples were inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium followed by the application of different treatments consisting of ACP and PAA (100 and 200 ppm) alone as well as in combination. Different hurdle interventions using PAA and ACP treatments resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions in Salmonella Typhimurium, ranging from 2.3 to 5.3 log CFU/cm2, in comparison to PAA treatments alone with 100 or 200 ppm or ACP treatment alone, resulting in the reduction of Salmonella populations by 0.6, 1.3, and 2.3 CFU/cm2, respectively. Treatments involving application of PAA followed immediately by ACP and ACP followed by PAA resulted in the highest (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in Salmonella by 4.7 and 5.3 log CFU/cm2, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that combined treatments resulted in destruction of Salmonella cells with visible cellular deformation and loss of cellular integrity. Color and moisture content of poultry meat samples were affected; thus, for large-scale application, further research needs to be done for optimizing this hurdle intervention. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the synergistic effect of ACP and PAA and its potential application for the safety of poultry products. HIGHLIGHTS

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Kontominas, Michael G., Anastasia V. Badeka, Ioanna S. Kosma e Cosmas I. Nathanailides. "Recent Developments in Seafood Packaging Technologies". Foods 10, n. 5 (25 aprile 2021): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10050940.

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Seafood products are highly perishable, owing to their high water activity, close to neutral pH, and high content of unsaturated lipids and non-protein nitrogenous compounds. Thus, such products require immediate processing and/or packaging to retain their safety and quality. At the same time, consumers prefer fresh, minimally processed seafood products that maintain their initial quality properties. The present article aims to review the literature over the past decade on: (i) innovative, individual packaging technologies applied to extend the shelf life of fish and fishery products, (ii) the most common combinations of the above technologies applied as multiple hurdles to maximize the shelf life of seafood products, and (iii) the respective food packaging legislation. Packaging technologies covered include: Modified atmosphere packaging; vacuum packaging; vacuum skin packaging; active food packaging, including oxygen scavengers; carbon dioxide emitters; moisture regulators; antioxidant and antimicrobial packaging; intelligent packaging, including freshness indicators; time–temperature indicators and leakage indicators; retort pouch processing and edible films; coatings/biodegradable packaging, used individually or in combination for maximum preservation potential.

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Hutton, John, Clare McGrath, Jean-Marc Frybourg, Mike Tremblay, Edward Bramley-Harker e Christopher Henshall. "Framework for describing and classifying decision-making systems using technology assessment to determine the reimbursement of health technologies (fourth hurdle systems)". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, n. 1 (gennaio 2006): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462306050781.

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Objectives:Australia, Canada, and many European countries now use various forms of health technology assessment (HTA) in decision making regarding the reimbursement of drugs and other health technologies. To achieve a better understanding of the potential for use of HTA in this context, an analytical framework was developed to describe and classify existing fourth hurdle systems.Methods:Based on a review of published literature, and official documentation, the key aspects of a fourth hurdle system were identified at two levels: policy implementation and individual technology decision. Characteristics of the systems were grouped under four main headings: constitution and governance, objectives, use of evidence and decision processes, and accountability. The comprehensiveness and relevance of this framework was assessed by an independent group of experts in HTA. A pilot study was undertaken, using only published sources, to test the feasibility of obtaining the information needed to complete the framework.Results:The framework was found to be sufficiently broad to encompass all the issues of interest regarding the systems, but the proportion of information available from published sources was variable between sections of the framework and between countries, with average availability of 45 percent.Conclusions:The analytical framework will help researchers and policy-makers in individual countries to understand their own systems and will allow some preliminary sharing of experience between countries. More experience of its application is needed to judge whether it will provide the basis for more formal comparison of systems and whether it will determine the appropriateness for particular decision contexts.

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Reiner, David, e Xi Liang. "Opportunities and hurdles in applying CCS Technologies in China — With a focus on industrial stakeholders". Energy Procedia 1, n. 1 (febbraio 2009): 4827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.310.

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Dr. Kiran Shehzadi, Khadija Sittar, Dr Tahira Afridi,. "Limitations Involved in the Utilization of Computer Based Technologies at Universities’ Teaching and Learning in Pakistan". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2021): 4651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1625.

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With the advent of 21st century the usage of technology in every field of life made it inevitable to be used in the field of education as well. It is a familiar fact that the current scenario where technology has made advances by leaps, its usage in the field of education is of utmost importance. Like the rest of the world, the educational institutes in Punjab, public and private, are making efforts to adopt and integrate technological advancement in their teaching and learning processes. The universities in Punjab are no exception. However the hurdles and limitations involved in this process are hard to be ignored. Therefore this study will try to highlight those issues that are causing hurdles in use of technology in teaching and learning at universities in Punjab. For this purpose this study has made use of Ely’s conditions model (1999) of technology implementation theory, which is reflected more appropriate for measuring the barriers in technological applications in academics. This research made an extensive and thorough investigation, based on the opinion of 3397 participants. The methodology used was survey research involving teachers, administrators and students from eight public and private universities' faculty of Education and Business. The responses were assessed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. This study revealed a number of factors responsible for causing hurdles in technology adoption, but the major factor as per the respondents was the unavailability of Resources. There were some other factors mentioned as well such as Commitment, Rewards, Leadership, Participation and Skills. The overall level of involvement of these sub scales barriers is above average; therefore, unfortunately universities are still using the conventional method of education and cannot make as much use of technology as they could have.

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Kanach, Andrew, Theresa Bottorff, Min Zhao, Jun Wang, George T. C. Chiu e Bruce Applegate. "Evaluation of anhydrous processing and storage methods of the temperate bacteriophage ɸV10 for integration into foodborne pathogen detection methodologies". PLOS ONE 16, n. 4 (6 aprile 2021): e0249473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249473.

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Due to the nascency of bacteriophage-based pathogen detection technologies, several practical hurdles stand in the way between providing promising proof-of-concept data and development of robust detection platforms. One such hurdle, and the focus of this work, is the development of methods for transitioning laboratory stocks of bacteriophage into functional, consistent, and shelf-stable delivery methods in commercial detection kits. Research described here was undertaken to evaluate two methods for their ability to store the bacteriophage ɸV10 at ambient temperature without aqueous storage solutions while limiting loss of viability. ɸV10 is a temperate bacteriophage which solely infects the zero-tolerance food adulterant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and has been genetically modified to generate a detectable phenotype in host cells. In order to integrate this reporter bacteriophage into food-borne pathogen detection methodologies, two methods of processing phage suspensions for long-term, ambient storage were evaluated: printing solutions onto pieces of dissolvable paper and lyophilizing suspensions with sucrose. Applying phage to dissolvable paper yielded key attributes to consider when addressing phage viability, however, optimized methodology still resulted in an approximate five-log reduction in titer of viable phage. Lyophilization of ɸV10 with various concentrations of the cryoprotectant molecule, sucrose, yielded losses of approximately 0.3-log after 120 days of storage at 23°C. Liquid storage buffer samples with and without sucrose saw a reduction of viable phage of at least 3.9-log in the same period. Additionally, the ability for ɸV10 to form lysogens in an E. coli O157:H7 host was not negatively affected by lyophilization. Drying ɸV10 at ambient temperature drastically reduces the viability of the phage. However, lyophilizing ɸV10 in the presence of sucrose is an effective method for dehydration and storage of the phage in ambient environmental conditions for an extended time lending to commercial application and integration into foodborne pathogen detection methodologies.

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Sutton, Andrew, John Lamont, R. Evans, Kate Williamson, Declan O'Rourke, Brian Duggan, Gurdeep Sagoo, Cherith Reid e Mark Ruddock. "OP68 Value-Engineered Translation: An Example for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319001272.

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IntroductionThe Institute of Health Economics offers a suite of analyses that provide developers an understanding of the expected commercial viability of an early stage health technology. In combination, these analyses form the Value-Engineered Translation framework. These methods incorporate innovative methods to manage uncertainty in early economic evaluations, in particular, moving beyond current stochastic assessments of headroom to account for inter-market variability in value hurdles, as well as incorporating social value premia considerations. An illustration of these methods is demonstrated using the example of a non-invasive diagnostic test (called DCRSHP) at an early stage of development, compared to current practice of cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.MethodsCompeting technologies were identified to inform the headroom assessment based on price and effectiveness. Then, a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken incorporating headroom analysis, stochastic one-way sensitivity analysis, and value of information analysis using data from secondary sources.ResultsCurrently there are a number of non-invasive tests available, but none have sufficient test accuracy to be suitable for bladder cancer diagnosis alone. From the headroom analysis, DCRSHP can be priced at up to CAD 790 (i.e. USD 588) and still be cost-effective compared to the current practice of cystoscopy. Interestingly this price can be increased for patient groups that have lower levels of bladder cancer prevalence.ConclusionsThe requirements of economic evaluations depend on the stage of technology development, and analysis approaches must reflect this. The results here indicate that DCRSHP clears the value hurdle in terms of being cost-effective, and thus provides the opportunity to make a commercial return on future investment. Future analysis of DCRSHP could consider the cost drivers for development of the technology, including the regulatory pathways, costs associated with the intellectual asset management for the technology, and alternative manufacturing costs. All of which contribute to the research-to-practice continuum.

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Soni, Aswathi, e Gale Brightwell. "Effect of Hurdle Approaches Using Conventional and Moderate Thermal Processing Technologies for Microbial Inactivation in Fruit and Vegetable Products". Foods 11, n. 12 (20 giugno 2022): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11121811.

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Thermal processing of packaged fruit and vegetable products is targeted at eliminating microbial contaminants (related to spoilage or pathogenicity) and extending shelf life using microbial inactivation or/and by reducing enzymatic activity in the food. The conventional process of thermal processing involves sterilization (canning and retorting) and pasteurization. The parameters used to design the thermal processing regime depend on the time (minutes) required to eliminate a known population of bacteria in a given food matrix under specified conditions. However, due to the effect of thermal exposure on the sensitive nutrients such as vitamins or bioactive compounds present in fruits and vegetables, alternative technologies and their combinations are required to minimize nutrient loss. The novel moderate thermal regimes aim to eliminate bacterial contaminants while retaining nutritional quality. This review focuses on the “thermal” processing regimes for fruit and vegetable products, including conventional sterilization and pasteurization as well as mild to moderate thermal techniques such as pressure-assisted thermal sterilization (PATS), microwave-assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) and pulsed electric field (PEF) in combination with thermal treatment as a hurdle approach or a combined regime.

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El Darra, Nada, Fei Xie, Prashant Kamble, Zakir Khan e Ian Watson. "Decontamination of Escherichia coli on dried onion flakes and black pepper using Infra-red, ultraviolet and ozone hurdle technologies". Heliyon 7, n. 6 (giugno 2021): e07259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07259.

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